词汇清单15 乐于学习，善于学习，终身学习 (全国通用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

词汇清单15 乐于学习,善于学习,终身学习 必识核心词汇 乐于学习,善于学习,终身学习的动词 1．polish vt.修改，润饰；擦光，磨光 2．renew vt.更新，更换；重新开始，中止后继续 3．pursue v.继续；从事；追赶；追求 4．drill vt.& vi.培训，训练；钻(孔) 5．arrange vt.排列，布置 6．inquire vt.& vi.询问，打听 7. refer vi.参考；涉及；提到；查阅 8．cease vi.& vt.停止，终止，结束 9．bounce vt.(向某人)试探地透露(主意) 10．refresh vt.& vi.更新；使恢复精力；使想起 11. resolve vt.& vi. 解决;表决;决心,决定 12.criticize vt. & vi. 批评,批判,挑剔,指责;评价 13/ register vt. & vi. 登记,注册 14.qualify vt. 使合格;使具备资格 vi. 取得资格 15．reflect on思考 16．take in吸收；领会 17．catch up with赶上，追上 18．work out弄懂某事物；计算出 19．have a good command/knowledge of...精通/了解……20．be bound to do...一定会，很可能会 21．keep pace with与……步调一致；与……并驾齐驱22. resolve problems解决问题 23. have an open mind保持开放的心态 24. subscribe to定期订购(或订阅等);同意,赞成 25. in summary 总之 26. on the rise在增加;在上涨 27. in a flash转瞬间,立即 28. compose oneself使自己镇定、平静 29. lay out展示;安排;花钱;提议 30. bounce...off... (向某人)试探地透露(主意) 31. take a deep breath深呼吸 32. stick to坚持;粘住 33．become aware that意识到，了解到，知道34．be perceived as被视为，被理解为，被认为 35．be impressed on/upon sb 给某人留下深刻的印象36．stay up熬夜 37．dawn on知晓，明白 乐于学习,善于学习,终身学习的名词 1．concept n．概念；想法；理念 2．willpower n．意志力；毅力 3．context n．上下文；语境；背景 4．breakthrough n．突破；重大进展 5．degree n．程度，等级；度；学位；阶层6．gap n．(大的)差距，差额，差别 7．comprehension n．理解力，领悟能力；理解练习8. arrangement n．计划；安排 9．access n．接触的机会；进入 10．approach n．方法 11. reference n．参考；提到；推荐信 12．statistic n．数据 13．assumption n．假定，假设 14．recreation n．娱乐，消遣 15．strategy n．策略；战略；规划 16．lifelong learning终身学习 17．chunk n．语块 18．curve n．曲线，弧线 19．consultation n．就诊；咨询；查阅 20．master’s degree n．硕士学位 21．extension n．进修课；扩大，延伸 22．presentation n．幻灯片演示；提交，授予 23．competence n．能力，才干；胜任 24．composition n．构图；构成，成分；作品；作曲 25．simplification n．简单化；单纯化 26. educator n. 教育家;教育工作者 29. resolve n. 决心,坚定的信念 30. objective  n. 目标,目的 31. partner n. 搭档，同伴 32. partner n. 搭档，同伴 33. strategy n. 策略；战略；规划 34. input n. 输入；投入 35. arrangement n. 计划；安排 36. childhood n. 童年，儿童时代 37. excitement n. 兴奋，激动 38. memorisation n. 记忆 39. technique n. 技巧，手法 40. reflection n. 沉思；想法；反射 41.journal n. 日记，日志 42. outcome n. 结果，后果 乐于学习,善于学习,终身学习的形容词副词 1．classic adj.经典的 n．名著 2．flexible adj.灵活的，可变通的 3．timely adj.适时的，及时的 4．technical adj.技的；技术上的；专门的 5. accessible adj.易接近的；可进入的；可理解的6．familiar adj.熟悉的；常见的；亲近的 7．likely adj.很可能的；合适的；有希望的； 8．academic adj.学术的；理论的；学院的 9. effective adj.有效的，产生预期效果的 10. effectively adv.有效地 11．odd adj.奇特的 12．sufficient adj.充足的 13．normally adv.通常，平常 14．random adj.辨认不出的；不合常理的 15．abstract adj.抽象的，纯理论的 16．concrete adj.确实的，具体的；有形的，实在的 17．periodically adv.定期地 18．vocational adj.职业的，业务知识的 19．strategic adj.战略(上)的；至关重要的 20．automatic adj.自动的；无意识的 21．ignorant adj.无知的；愚昧的\ 22. blank adj. 空白的 23.objective adj. 客观的;客观存在的 24．auditory adj.听的，听觉的 25．verbal adj.言语的，文字的；口头的 26．inductive adj.归纳的，归纳法的 27．intimidating adj.吓人的，令人胆怯的 28．mature adj.明白事理的，成熟的 29．painful adj.疼痛的，痛苦的 30．peaceful adj.和平的；安宁的 31．physical adj.身体的；物理的 32．plain adj.家常的；普通的 33．plastic adj.塑料的 34．pleasant adj.令人愉快的，舒适的 巩固提升 一．词汇拓展 1. ___________ adj. 空白的 n. 空白处,空格→___________ n. 漠(茫)然 2. ___________ vt. 构成;写作;使平静 vi. 组成;作曲;排字→___________ n. 构图;构成,成分;作品;作曲 3. ___________ vt. 教育;培养;训练 vi. 教育;训练→___________ n. 教育家;教育工作者→___________n. 教育 4. ___________ vt.& vi. 解决;表决;决心,决定 n. 决心,坚定的信念→___________ adj. 坚定(决)的;下定决心的→___________ adj. 坚决(定)的→___________ n. 决议;解决;决心 5. ____________ vt.& vi. 更新;使恢复精力;使想起→___________ adj. 恢复了精力的,精神振作的 6. ___________vt. 更新,更换;重新开始,中止后继续→_____________ adj. 可延长(续借,续订)的 7. ___________ vt. & vi. 批评,批判,挑剔,指责;评价→____________n. 批评(指摘)者;批评(评论)家 8. ___________ vt. & vi. 询问,打听→_____________n. 询问者;调查人→___________ n. 询问,质询 9. ___________ vt. & vi. 登记,注册 n. 语体风格,语域;登记表→____________ n. 登记,注册;挂号;注册的事项 10. ___________ adj. 确实的,具体的;有形的,实在的 n. 混凝土→____________ adv. 具体地 11. ___________ n. 理解力,领悟能力;理解练习→_____________ adj. 综合的;广泛的;有理解力的 n. 综合学校;专业综合测验 12.  ____________ vt. 占据,占领;居住;使忙碌→______________ n. 工作,职业;消遣;侵占,占领期;使用 13. _____________ n. 认知,感知,认识→______________ adj. 认知的,认识的 14. _____________ n. 成功的机会,前景;可能性→_____________ adj. 预期(未来,可能)的 15. _____________ n. 能力,才干→______________ adj. 胜任的;有能力的;能干的 16. _____________ n. 理由;理性;动机 vi. 推论;劝说 vt. 说服;推论;辩论→__________n. 推理,理性的观点,论证 17. ______________adj. 抽象的,纯理论的 vt. 把……抽象出,提取→________________ n. 心不在焉,发愣;提炼,抽取;不切实际的念头→_____________ adj. 心不在焉的 18. ____________ vt. 假定;承担(责任),取得(权力);呈现;假装→______________ n. 假定,假设 19. ____________ vt. 使合格;使具备资格 vi. 取得资格(或学历),合格→___________ adj. 有限度的;有资格的→______________ n. 获得资格;资格,文凭;限定性条件 20. _____________ vi. 参考;涉及;提到;查阅→_______________ n. 参考;提到;推荐信 vt. 查阅,参考 【答案】1. blank, blankness 2. compose, composition 3. educate, educator, education 4. resolve, resolved, resolute, resolution 5. refresh, refreshed 6. renew, renewable 7. criticize, critic 8. inquire, inquirer, inquiry 9. register, registration  10. concrete, concretely 11.comprehension, comprehensive 12.occupy, occupation 13.cognition, cognitive  14. prospect, prospective 15. competence, competent 16. reason, reasoning 17.abstract, abstraction, abstructed 18. assume, assumption 19. qualify, qualified, qualification 20. refer, reference 二．用所给词的适当形式填空 1．As a , Beethoven a great deal of music.The Ninth Symphony is one of his finest .(compose) 2．The named Dori Roberts decided to do something to change this system.(educate) 3．The said reducing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere was to future development and he also the bad behavior.(criticize) 4．The remote island is a place for people to rest and find for mind and body.There’s nothing more _______ on a hot day than a cool wind.(refresh) 5．It is that you are wise，you will try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the you’ve made.(assume) 6．Over 300 people the job，but only one has been sent to us up to now.(inquire) 7．If you don’t to the magazine successfully, the can be cancelled within 7 days and you can get your money back.(subscribe) 8．I am sorry to your time，but I really want to talk with you about your daughter’s future .(occupy) 9．With to global warming, the professor to it at least three times in his class.(reference) 10．After (graduate) from college，he worked as a (library) in his hometown. 11．We have (presentation) three options to the Students’ Union for (discuss). 12．With many paper and working experience, I believe I am well for the position.(qualify) 13．To some extent, the _________(extend) of the road network has boosted local tourism __________(develop). 14．In her study, __________ (participate) were (random) assigned to two groups. 15．His (competent) is not in question but I’m worried about his attitude to the job. 16．The Swedes regard (vocation) training as a part of a youngster’s ________ (educate). 17. From their appearance, we cannot tell the between the twins, but the ways they walk are . And they also in their voices. (differ) 18. The young man was as manager of the big company with the letter of his professor. (recommend) 19. Parents give our children a sense of and make them feel they to a family tightly. (belong) 20. The workers are the bridge, and the bridge under connects the road. (construct) 【答案】1.composer， composed， compositions 2. educator, educational 3. critic, critical, criticized 4. refreshment, refreshing 5. assumed, assuming, assumption 6. inquired, inquiry 7. subscribe, subscription 8. occupy, occupation 9. reference, referred 10. graduating, librarian 11. presented, discussion 12. qualifications, qualified 13. extension, development 14. participants, randomly 15. competence 16. vocational, education 17. differences, different, differ 18. recommended, recommendation19. belonging, belong 20. constructing, construction 三．一词多义 subscribe to 1.No one but mad people would subscribe to the view that such little child can earn a living. 2.This is the school the outstanding and patriotic scientist subscribed to generously in the past. 3.If you subscribe to the monthly magazine，it’ll be delivered to your door. curtain 4.As the curtain rises，a cottage is seen on the stage. 5.Please draw the curtains，the sunlight is too bright. 6.She pushed back the curtain of brown hair from her eyes. polish 7.I advise you to polish up your article once more before you send it to the editor. 8.His writing has potential but lacks polish. 9. The young man has formed a habit of polishing his shoes before he leaves home. character 10.There are many famous characters in history.Who do you admire most？ 11. It’s vital that a successful movie pay much attention to its theme and the figures’ character. 12.The whole character of the school has changed since he became the president. 13.The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form known as Chinese calligraphy. tip 14.Sorry，your name is just on the tip of my tongue. 15.After I had my hair cut，I gave the hairdresser a tip. 16.Here are some tips on how to make friends. 17.The wind blew and the plants began to shake，tipping their leaves. 18.She tipped the waiter two dollars for his excellent service. 【答案】1.A 2.C.3.B 4.B. 5.A 6.C 7.A 8. C 9. B 10. C 11.A 12. B 13.D 14.C 15.A 16.B 17.E 18.D 四．选词填空 compose oneself point out take advantage of be bound to in a flash Reflect on stick to subscribe to in summary keep pace with 1．We need time to empty our minds and what is the most important to us. 2．Tom took a deep breath before his performance, trying to . 3．Six months have passed since we parted in Beijing. 4． your principles and tell him you won’t do it. 5．Our school librarian walked so fast that I could hardly her. 6．She tried in vain to that the assumption of their product’s prospect was not good. 7．Everyone will support the result according to the scientific statistic. 8．We intend to this drill to improve students’ competence in English. 9． , I think it’s very important to keep the balance between study and recreation. 10．Every year our school a large number of newspapers and magazines for us students. 【答案】1. reflect on 2. compose himself 3. in a flash 4. Stick to 5.keep pace with 6. point out 7. be bound to 8. take advantage of 9. In summary 10. subscribes to · 冲刺突破 Passage 1 阅读理解 (2025-2026学年江苏省盐城市七校联盟第三次联考） “Failure is the most important ingredient in science,” says Stuart Firestein. He studies the biology of the brain at Columbia University in New York City. “When an experiment fails or doesn’t work out the way you expected, it tells you there is something you didn’t know,” he says. “It suggests you need to go back and rethink: What went wrong? And why?” This is the value of failure. It leads to what Firestein calls “the portal (大门) of the unknown”. It is where the deepest and most worthwhile questions come from. And asking those questions can spark new ideas and types of experiments. Thomas Edison is reputed to have said much the same thing, according to a 1910 biography. He wanted to make a better battery. But after working seven days a week for more than five months, he still hadn’t succeeded. He told a friend, Walter S. Mallory, that he had already done more than 9,000 experiments for the project. According to the book, Mallory replied, “Isn’t it a shame that with the huge amount of work you have done you haven’t been able to get any results?” The book goes on to say that Edison “with a smile replied, ‘Results! Why, man, I have got a lot of results! I know several thousand things that won’t work.’” Nor did the dogged inventor stop. Eventually, he got the new battery to work. Schools tend to focus on covering lots of topics and memorizing countless facts. Many classes rely on textbooks to give students much information as quickly as possible. The problem with those books, explains Firestein, is “they have no context”. They state the results of experiments but they don’t tell us why people did them. Nor do they describe experiments that didn’t work. By focusing on successful outcomes, Firestein says, “We leave out 90 percent of science.” 1. What do Stuart Firestein’s words in paragraph 1 mainly show? A. Failure fuels discovery. B Caution ensures success. C. Success requires effort. D. Ignorance drives science. 2. How did Walter S. Mallory react after hearing Thomas Edison’s words? A. He urged Edison on. B. He thought the effort was wasted. C. He felt deeply worried. D. He viewed the failure as acceptable. 3. What does Firestein think today’s science classes should do? A. Cover numerous topics. B. Emphasize successful outcomes. C. Include descriptions of failures. D. Rely on memorization of countless facts. 4. What is the purpose of the author in writing the text? A. To describe the process of success. B. To introduce the history of batteries. C. To encourage acceptance of failure. D. To stress the value of failure in science. 【答案】1. A 2. B 3. C 4. D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要论述失败在科学研究中的重要价值，结合名人观点与事例，指出失败能催生新发现并呼吁科学教育重视失败。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段中的““Failure is the most important ingredient in science,” says Stuart Firestein. He studies the biology of the brain at Columbia University in New York City. “When an experiment fails or doesn’t work out the way you expected, it tells you there is something you didn’t know,” he says. “It suggests you need to go back and rethink: What went wrong? And why?”(纽约哥伦比亚大学研究大脑生物学的斯图尔特·法尔斯坦说：“失败是科学中最重要的要素。”他表示：“当一个实验失败或者没有按照你的预期进行时，它其实是在告诉你，有一些你未知的东西存在。这意味着你需要回过头去重新思考：哪里出了问题？以及为什么会出问题？”)可知，斯图尔特·法尔斯坦的话表明失败能让人发现未知、引发思考，进而推动科学探索，即失败促进发现。故选A项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“According to the book, Mallory replied, “Isn’t it a shame that with the huge amount of work you have done you haven’t been able to get any results?”(书中记载，马洛里回应道：“你付出了这么多努力，却没能得到任何成果，这难道不可惜吗？”)可知，沃尔特·S·马洛里认为爱迪生做了大量实验却没得到成果，这份努力是白费的。故选B项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The problem with those books, explains Firestein, is “they have no context”. They state the results of experiments but they don’t tell us why people did them. Nor do they describe experiments that didn’t work. By focusing on successful outcomes, Firestein says, “We leave out 90 percent of science.”(法尔斯坦解释说，这些教材的问题在于“它们没有背景脉络”。教材只罗列实验结果，却不说明人们做这些实验的初衷，也不描述那些失败的实验。法尔斯坦表示，只关注成功的结果，“我们相当于遗漏了科学的90%”。)可知，法尔斯坦认为如今的科学课程应该纳入对失败实验的描述。故选C项。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，文章开篇引用斯图尔特·法尔斯坦的观点点明失败对科学的重要性，接着用托马斯·爱迪生的事例加以佐证，最后指出科学教育中忽视失败的问题，由此可知，本文是为了强调“失败在科学中的价值”。故选D项。 Passage 2 (2025-2026学年河北省NT20名校联合体高三上学期1月月考）The human capacity for rational (理性的) thinking makes us unique among the animal kingdom, according to wise, old Aristotle. However, a growing body of research suggests that rationality might not be quite as distinctive a human quality as we might have thought. In a recent study, researchers at the Ngamba Island Chimpanzee Sanctuary in Uganda presented chimps (黑猩猩) with two boxes: one with food and one without a snack. They were initially given a clue as to which one had food. The team then provided the chimps with sequential (顺序的) clues of varying strength about which one contained a snack. “When the initial evidence was strong, the chimps stuck with their original choice; when the new evidence clearly outweighed the first, they switched their choice,” says Hanna Schleihauf, a co-author of the study. Her team also incorporated computer models to demonstrate that the chimps’ responses matched up with rational strategies of belief revision, ensuring they engaged in genuine reasoning rather than merely favoring the most recent evidence. Researchers typically associate this sort of reasoning with children around four years old. “Most strikingly, the chimps also showed metacognitive sensitivity to evidence,” Schleihauf continued. Metacognition is awareness and understanding about our thinking processes. “They not only adjusted their choices, but did so in ways that suggest they tracked the evidential basis of their beliefs; when earlier evidence was defeated, they revised their belief accordingly,” she explains. These findings suggest that chimps’ reasoning is more similar to ours than previously believed. “Demonstrating rational belief revision in chimps provides a powerful comparative baseline for understanding the evolution of human reasoning,” said Schleihauf. By identifying which aspects of rationality humans share with chimps and which are unique to us, researchers can better recognize which develop early in children, which depend on culture, and which rely on uniquely human forms of social learning. She adds that the study is important for animal conservation and welfare because it further justifies the protection of great chimps, the increased moral standards in research and conservation, and the creation of more cognitively (认知上) stimulating habitats in reserves and zoos. 5. What can be inferred about the chimps’ behavior in the experiment? A. They could ignore strong initial evidence. B. They preferred whichever box looked larger. C. They based decisions on weighing of evidence. D. They chose randomly when clues were unclear. 6. Why did the researchers use computer models in the study? A. To copy the chimps’ learning process. B. To predict which box the chimps would choose. C. To compare the chimps’ behavior with that of kids. D. To confirm the chimps used rational belief revision. 7. What does Schleihauf think of the study findings? A. They are less reliable than expected. B. They show limited progress in this field. C. They fail to explain the chimps’ behavior. D. They reveal impressive abilities in chimps. 8. What does the last paragraph stress about the study? A. Its practical implications. B. Its historical context. C. Its experimental approach. D. Its potential limitations. 【答案】5. C 6. D 7. D 8. A 【导语】这篇文章是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项关于黑猩猩认知能力的研究，挑战了人类理性思维独特性的传统观点，并探讨了该研究在理解人类推理进化以及动物保护方面的意义。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第三段““When the initial evidence was strong, the chimps stuck with their original choice; when the new evidence clearly outweighed the first, they switched their choice,” says Hanna Schleihauf, a co-author of the study. (该研究的合著者汉娜·施莱豪夫（Hanna Schleihauf）说道，“当初始证据足够有力时，黑猩猩会坚持它们最初的选择；而当新证据明显优于最初证据时，它们会改变自己的选择。”)”可知，黑猩猩的选择行为会根据新旧证据的强弱进行权衡后做出决策。故选C项。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段第一句“Her team also incorporated computer models to demonstrate that the chimps’ responses matched up with rational strategies of belief revision, ensuring they engaged in genuine reasoning rather than merely favoring the most recent evidence. (她的团队还结合了计算机模型，以证明黑猩猩的反应与理性的信念修正策略相符，确保它们进行的是真正的推理，而不仅仅是偏信最近的证据。)”可知，研究者使用计算机模型是为了验证并确认黑猩猩的行为确实符合理性信念修正的模式。故选D项。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第五段第一句““Most strikingly, the chimps also showed metacognitive sensitivity to evidence,” Schleihauf continued. (施莱豪夫（Schleihauf）进一步说道，“最引人注目的是，黑猩猩还表现出对证据的元认知敏感性。”)”以及最后一句“These findings suggest that chimps’ reasoning is more similar to ours than previously believed. (这些发现表明，黑猩猩的推理能力比我们之前认为的更接近我们。)”可以推知，施莱豪夫（Schleihauf）认为研究结果揭示了黑猩猩令人印象深刻的高层次认知能力。故选D项。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段第一句““Demonstrating rational belief revision in chimps provides a powerful comparative baseline for understanding the evolution of human reasoning,” said Schleihauf. (施莱豪夫（Schleihauf）说，“在黑猩猩身上证明理性信念修正，为理解人类推理的进化提供了一个强有力的比较基线。”)”以及最后一句“She adds that the study is important for animal conservation and welfare because it further justifies the protection of great chimps, the increased moral standards in research and conservation, and the creation of more cognitively stimulating habitats in reserves and zoos. (她补充说，这项研究对动物保护和福利很重要，因为它进一步证明了保护黑猩猩的合理性，提高了研究和保护中的道德标准，并呼吁在保护区和动物园创造更多能激发认知的环境。)”可知，该段落着重强调了这项研究在理解人类自身以及动物保护实践方面的实际意义和价值。故选A项。 Passage 3 完形填空 Helen had spent countless quiet nights preparing for the Youth Piano Competition in the city. Every difficult piece she practiced repeatedly made her more ____1____ to do her best. When the big day arrived, she felt both nervous and ready. She ____2____ the first bus leaving the town, hoping to reach the concert hall early. The journey began smoothly. With her hands resting on her knees, Helen ____3____ the music in her mind as the scenery streamed past outside the window. But halfway there, on a quiet stretch of road outside the city, the bus shook unexpectedly, slowed down, and came to a(n) ____4____. The driver said that a mechanical problem might take nearly two hours to ____5____. Helen felt a wave of fear — two hours could ____6____ her the chance she had been working for. Unwilling to wait, she stepped off and began ____7____ at passing cars. Most drivers ____8____ glanced at her, while a few sped by so fast that dust rose around her feet. Each ____9____ made her anxiety grow, yet she persisted (坚持), thinking of all the efforts she had invested. Just as she felt exhausted, a white car slowed and ____10____. The woman inside listened ____11____ and said she was heading to the same city to visit her daughter. “Get in,” she said. “No ____12____ should be left behind on the road.” They arrived just in time. When Helen offered to pay for the ____13____, the woman smiled and ____14____. “Just pay it forward someday.” Minutes later, Helen walked onto the stage and performed with confidence. That afternoon, her name was ____15____ as the First Prize winner — a success built on hard work, kindness, and courage. 1. A. delighted B. relaxed C. determined D. curious 2. A. drove B. boarded C. missed D. stopped 3. A. turned down B. showed off C. ran through D. listened to 4. A. sight B. end C. deal D. stop 5. A. fix B. find C. face D. record 6. A. free B. cost C. spare D. save 7. A. waving B. pointing C. staring D. throwing 8. A. merely B. gently C. closely D. entirely 9. A. crisis B. delay C. failure D. attack 10. A. passed by B. broke down C. sped up D. pulled over 11. A. casually B. attentively C. desperately D. generously 12. A. dream B. plan C. promise D. secret 13. A. ticket B. ride C. train D. bill 14. A. accepted B. ignored C. complained D. declined 15. A. predicted B. remembered C. announced D. imagined 【答案】1. C 2. B 3. C 4. D 5. A 6. B 7. A 8. A 9. C 10. D 11. B 12. A 13. B 14. D 15. C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了海伦在去参加钢琴比赛途中遇阻，获好心人帮助后成功获奖的故事。 【1题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她反复练习的每一首高难度曲子都让她更加下定决心要尽力而为。A. delighted高兴的；B. relaxed放松的；C. determined下定决心的；D. curious好奇的。根据前文“Helen had spent countless quiet nights preparing for the Youth Piano Competition”可知，海伦付出大量时间备赛，练习高难度曲子会坚定她的决心。故选C。 【2题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她登上了离开小镇的第一班公共汽车，希望能早点到达音乐厅。A. drove驾驶；B. boarded登上（飞机、船、车等）；C. missed错过；D. stopped停止。根据后文“the first bus leaving the town”和“hoping to reach the concert hall early”可知，海伦要乘坐公车前往比赛地点。故选B。 【3题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：海伦双手放在膝盖上，随着窗外的风景掠过，脑海中回放着音乐。A. turned down拒绝；B. showed off炫耀；C. ran through（在脑海中）回想，回顾；D. listened to听。根据后文“the music in her mind”可知，海伦在赴赛途中，为了准备比赛，会在脑海中梳理练习过的曲子。故选C。 【4题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但走到一半时，在城外一条安静的道路上，公共汽车突然摇晃起来，速度慢了下来，最后停了下来。A. sight视力，景象；B. end结束；C. deal交易；D. stop停止。根据前文“the bus shook unexpectedly, slowed down”和后文司机提到机械故障可知，公车最终停了下来，come to a stop为固定搭配，意为“停下”。故选D。 【5题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：司机说机械故障可能需要近两个小时才能修好。A. fix修理；B. find发现；C. face面对；D. record记录。根据前文“a mechanical problem”可知，此处指修理公车的故障。故选A。 【6题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：海伦感到一阵恐惧——两个小时可能会让她失去她一直在努力争取的机会。A. free释放；B. cost使丧失，使付出代价；C. spare抽出，留出；D. save拯救。根据后文“her the chance she had been working for”可知，比赛时间紧迫，两个小时的延误可能会让海伦失去比赛机会，cost sb. sth.意为“使某人丧失某物”。故选B。 【7题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她不愿意等，就下了车，开始向路过的汽车挥手。A. waving挥手；B. pointing指向；C. staring凝视；D. throwing扔。根据后文“at passing cars”和语境可知，请求搭车时通常“挥手示意”。故选A。 【8题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：大多数司机只是瞥了她一眼，而有些人则开得飞快，她脚边扬起了灰尘。A. merely仅仅，只不过；B. gently温柔地；C. closely紧密地；D. entirely完全地。根据后文“while a few sped by so fast that dust rose around her feet”可知，大多数司机并没有理会海伦，只是瞥了一眼。故选A。 【9题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每一次失败都让她的焦虑加剧，但她还是坚持了下来，想着自己付出的所有努力。A. crisis危机；B. delay耽误，延误；C. failure失败；D. attack攻击。根据前文“Most drivers 8 glanced at her, while a few sped by”可知，海伦多次求助都没有成功，每一次失败都加重了她的焦虑。故选C。 【10题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：就在她感到筋疲力尽的时候，一辆白色汽车减速并靠边停了下来。A. passed by经过；B. broke down出故障，身体垮掉；C. sped up加速；D. pulled over靠边停车。根据后文“The woman inside listened 11 and said she was heading to the same city”可知，这辆车的司机愿意帮助海伦，所以靠边停了车。故选D。 【1题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：车里的女人专心地听着，说她也要去同一个城市看望女儿。A. casually随意地；B. attentively专心地；C. desperately绝望地；D. generously慷慨地。根据前文“The woman inside listened”和后文“said she was heading to the same city to visit her daughter”可知，女士愿意帮助海伦，所以会认真听她讲述困境。故选B。 【12题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“上车吧，” 她说，“任何梦想都不该被遗弃在路上。”A. dream梦想；B. plan计划；C. promise承诺；D. secret秘密。根据后文“should be left behind on the road”可知，海伦的梦想是参加钢琴比赛并取得好成绩，女士的话是鼓励她不要放弃梦想。故选A。 【13题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当海伦主动提出要支付车费时，女人微笑着拒绝了。A. ticket票；B. ride（乘坐汽车等的）旅行；C. train火车；D. bill账单。根据前文“When Helen offered to pay”可知，女士开车送海伦去比赛地点，海伦想要支付这次乘车的费用，pay for the ride意为“付车费”。故选B。 【14题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当海伦主动提出要支付车费时，女人微笑着拒绝了。A. accepted接受；B. ignored忽视；C. complained抱怨；D. declined拒绝。根据后文“Just pay it forward someday.”可知，此处指女人微笑着拒绝了海伦支付车费的要求。故选D。 【15题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：那天下午，她的名字被宣布为一等奖获得者——这是建立在努力工作、善良和勇气基础上的成功。A. predicted预测；B. remembered记得；C. announced宣布；D. imagined想象。根据后文“as the First Prize winner”可知，比赛结果公布时，获奖者的名字会被正式宣布。故选C。 Passage 4 读后续写 On a sunny Sunday morning, 17-year-old Mia, a passionate painter, invited her best friend Leo to go sketching in the suburban hills. She hoped to capture the golden autumn scenery with her brush, so she packed a sketchbook, watercolor paints, a pencil case, and a small bag of snacks. Leo, who was good at outdoor survival, brought a worn compass, two bottles of warm water, and a lightweight raincoat, reminding Mia to stay on the main path. The organizer of the local hiking trail had warned them about possible weather changes, but the clear sky made both of them ignore the reminder. They walked along the path for nearly an hour, and Mia was attracted by a cluster of vibrant chrysanthemums by a hidden valley. Determined to draw the beautiful flowers, she pulled Leo off the main path and walked into the valley. The valley was surrounded by tall maple trees with red leaves, and the ground was covered with soft moss. Mia sat down to sketch happily, while Leo wandered around to collect interesting stones. When the sun began to sink, they prepared to leave but found themselves lost—the winding paths in the valley all looked identical, and the compass seemed to be malfunctioning due to the surrounding rocks. Suddenly, dark clouds gathered rapidly, and a cold wind started to blow. Before they could react, a light rain fell, dampening Mia’s sketchbook and paints. Leo hurried to help her pack up, but Mia accidentally tripped over a tree root while picking up her sketchbook, twisting her right ankle badly. She let out a cry of pain, tears welling up in her eyes, and couldn’t stand steadily. Leo helped her sit on a dry stone, rummaging through his bag but realizing they had left the first-aid kit in his mother’s car. The rain grew heavier, and the temperature dropped sharply. Their phones had no signal, snacks were scarce, and the sky was getting darker. Leo took a deep breath to calm his panic, knowing he must find a safe place for Mia before night fell, so he looked around anxiously for any signs of human habitation or hiking marks. 注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Leo’s eyes suddenly caught a faint light flickering through the dense maple trees. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ With the helper’s guidance, they finally struggled out of the valley as the rain eased. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【参考范文】 Leo’s eyes suddenly caught a faint light flickering through the dense maple trees. Overjoyed, he helped Mia lean against a tree and told her softly, “Hold on, there must be someone nearby!” He supported Mia with one arm and held the raincoat over her with the other, stumbling toward the light. The path was slippery with moss, and Mia’s ankle throbbed with pain, but she bit her lip and kept up. After ten minutes of difficult walking, they saw a small wooden cabin — the light came from its window. Leo knocked loudly, and an old hiker opened the door. Hearing their predicament, he quickly let them in, offered warm tea, and wrapped Mia’s ankle with a bandage. With the helper’s guidance, they finally struggled out of the valley as the rain eased. The old hiker accompanied them to the main path, where they met searchers sent by their families. Mia looked at her sketchbook, though damp, and felt a sense of relief. She realized that even in unexpected troubles, friendship and calmness could help overcome difficulties. Leo’s quick thinking and the stranger’s kindness saved the day. This adventure became a precious memory, reminding them to respect nature’s warnings and cherish the people who stand by them in hardships. 【导语】本文以事件发展为线索展开，讲述了17岁的米娅和好友利奥去郊外写生，因偏离主路在峡谷中迷路。天气骤变，米娅扭伤脚踝，两人陷入困境。利奥发现微光，带领米娅找到一间小木屋并获得帮助。最终他们在雨中脱险，并从中领悟到友谊、冷静与互助的重要性。 【详解】1.段落续写： ① 由第一段首句“利奥突然看到茂密的枫树林中闪烁着微弱的光。”可知，第一段需描写利奥发现光源后的行动，如何搀扶米娅前往光源处，以及找到小木屋后获得救助的过程。 ② 由第二段首句“在帮助者的指引下，雨势渐弱时他们终于挣扎着走出了山谷。”可知，第二段需描写脱险过程、与家人会合的情景，并着重刻画米娅和利奥的心理感悟与成长。 2.续写线索： 发现光源——搀扶前行——找到木屋——获得救助——得到指引——走出山谷——与搜寻队会合——反思感悟 3.词汇激活： 行为类 ①搀扶前行：help Mia lean against a tree/ assist her in walking ②敲门求助：knock loudly/tap on the door ③包扎伤口：wrap Mia’s ankle/bandage her injury 情绪类 ①感到宽慰：feel a sense of relief/her anxiety ease ②心存感激：feel grateful/appreciate the kindness 【点睛】【高分句型1】He supported Mia with one arm and held the raincoat over her with the other, stumbling toward the light.(运用了现在分词stumbling作伴随状语) 【高分句型2】The old hiker accompanied them to the main path, where they met searchers sent by their families.(运用了where引导的非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型3】She realized that even in unexpected troubles, friendship and calmness could help overcome difficulties.(运用了that引导的宾语从句) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 词汇清单15 乐于学习,善于学习,终身学习 必识核心词汇 乐于学习,善于学习,终身学习的动词 1．polish vt.修改，润饰；擦光，磨光 2．renew vt.更新，更换；重新开始，中止后继续 3．pursue v.继续；从事；追赶；追求 4．drill vt.& vi.培训，训练；钻(孔) 5．arrange vt.排列，布置 6．inquire vt.& vi.询问，打听 7. refer vi.参考；涉及；提到；查阅 8．cease vi.& vt.停止，终止，结束 9．bounce vt.(向某人)试探地透露(主意) 10．refresh vt.& vi.更新；使恢复精力；使想起 11. resolve vt.& vi. 解决;表决;决心,决定 12.criticize vt. & vi. 批评,批判,挑剔,指责;评价 13/ register vt. & vi. 登记,注册 14.qualify vt. 使合格;使具备资格 vi. 取得资格 15．reflect on思考 16．take in吸收；领会 17．catch up with赶上，追上 18．work out弄懂某事物；计算出 19．have a good command/knowledge of...精通/了解……20．be bound to do...一定会，很可能会 21．keep pace with与……步调一致；与……并驾齐驱22. resolve problems解决问题 23. have an open mind保持开放的心态 24. subscribe to定期订购(或订阅等);同意,赞成 25. in summary 总之 26. on the rise在增加;在上涨 27. in a flash转瞬间,立即 28. compose oneself使自己镇定、平静 29. lay out展示;安排;花钱;提议 30. bounce...off... (向某人)试探地透露(主意) 31. take a deep breath深呼吸 32. stick to坚持;粘住 33．become aware that意识到，了解到，知道34．be perceived as被视为，被理解为，被认为 35．be impressed on/upon sb 给某人留下深刻的印象36．stay up熬夜 37．dawn on知晓，明白 乐于学习,善于学习,终身学习的名词 1．concept n．概念；想法；理念 2．willpower n．意志力；毅力 3．context n．上下文；语境；背景 4．breakthrough n．突破；重大进展 5．degree n．程度，等级；度；学位；阶层6．gap n．(大的)差距，差额，差别 7．comprehension n．理解力，领悟能力；理解练习8. arrangement n．计划；安排 9．access n．接触的机会；进入 10．approach n．方法 11. reference n．参考；提到；推荐信 12．statistic n．数据 13．assumption n．假定，假设 14．recreation n．娱乐，消遣 15．strategy n．策略；战略；规划 16．lifelong learning终身学习 17．chunk n．语块 18．curve n．曲线，弧线 19．consultation n．就诊；咨询；查阅 20．master’s degree n．硕士学位 21．extension n．进修课；扩大，延伸 22．presentation n．幻灯片演示；提交，授予 23．competence n．能力，才干；胜任 24．composition n．构图；构成，成分；作品；作曲 25．simplification n．简单化；单纯化 26. educator n. 教育家;教育工作者 29. resolve n. 决心,坚定的信念 30. objective  n. 目标,目的 31. partner n. 搭档，同伴 32. partner n. 搭档，同伴 33. strategy n. 策略；战略；规划 34. input n. 输入；投入 35. arrangement n. 计划；安排 36. childhood n. 童年，儿童时代 37. excitement n. 兴奋，激动 38. memorisation n. 记忆 39. technique n. 技巧，手法 40. reflection n. 沉思；想法；反射 41.journal n. 日记，日志 42. outcome n. 结果，后果 乐于学习,善于学习,终身学习的形容词副词 1．classic adj.经典的 n．名著 2．flexible adj.灵活的，可变通的 3．timely adj.适时的，及时的 4．technical adj.技的；技术上的；专门的 5. accessible adj.易接近的；可进入的；可理解的6．familiar adj.熟悉的；常见的；亲近的 7．likely adj.很可能的；合适的；有希望的； 8．academic adj.学术的；理论的；学院的 9. effective adj.有效的，产生预期效果的 10. effectively adv.有效地 11．odd adj.奇特的 12．sufficient adj.充足的 13．normally adv.通常，平常 14．random adj.辨认不出的；不合常理的 15．abstract adj.抽象的，纯理论的 16．concrete adj.确实的，具体的；有形的，实在的 17．periodically adv.定期地 18．vocational adj.职业的，业务知识的 19．strategic adj.战略(上)的；至关重要的 20．automatic adj.自动的；无意识的 21．ignorant adj.无知的；愚昧的\ 22. blank adj. 空白的 23.objective adj. 客观的;客观存在的 24．auditory adj.听的，听觉的 25．verbal adj.言语的，文字的；口头的 26．inductive adj.归纳的，归纳法的 27．intimidating adj.吓人的，令人胆怯的 28．mature adj.明白事理的，成熟的 29．painful adj.疼痛的，痛苦的 30．peaceful adj.和平的；安宁的 31．physical adj.身体的；物理的 32．plain adj.家常的；普通的 33．plastic adj.塑料的 34．pleasant adj.令人愉快的，舒适的 巩固提升 一．词汇拓展 1. ___________ adj. 空白的 n. 空白处,空格→___________ n. 漠(茫)然 2. ___________ vt. 构成;写作;使平静 vi. 组成;作曲;排字→___________ n. 构图;构成,成分;作品;作曲 3. ___________ vt. 教育;培养;训练 vi. 教育;训练→___________ n. 教育家;教育工作者→___________n. 教育 4. ___________ vt.& vi. 解决;表决;决心,决定 n. 决心,坚定的信念→___________ adj. 坚定(决)的;下定决心的→___________ adj. 坚决(定)的→___________ n. 决议;解决;决心 5. ____________ vt.& vi. 更新;使恢复精力;使想起→___________ adj. 恢复了精力的,精神振作的 6. ___________vt. 更新,更换;重新开始,中止后继续→_____________ adj. 可延长(续借,续订)的 7. ___________ vt. & vi. 批评,批判,挑剔,指责;评价→____________n. 批评(指摘)者;批评(评论)家 8. ___________ vt. & vi. 询问,打听→_____________n. 询问者;调查人→___________ n. 询问,质询 9. ___________ vt. & vi. 登记,注册 n. 语体风格,语域;登记表→____________ n. 登记,注册;挂号;注册的事项 10. ___________ adj. 确实的,具体的;有形的,实在的 n. 混凝土→____________ adv. 具体地 11. ___________ n. 理解力,领悟能力;理解练习→_____________ adj. 综合的;广泛的;有理解力的 n. 综合学校;专业综合测验 12.  ____________ vt. 占据,占领;居住;使忙碌→______________ n. 工作,职业;消遣;侵占,占领期;使用 13. _____________ n. 认知,感知,认识→______________ adj. 认知的,认识的 14. _____________ n. 成功的机会,前景;可能性→_____________ adj. 预期(未来,可能)的 15. _____________ n. 能力,才干→______________ adj. 胜任的;有能力的;能干的 16. _____________ n. 理由;理性;动机 vi. 推论;劝说 vt. 说服;推论;辩论→__________n. 推理,理性的观点,论证 17. ______________adj. 抽象的,纯理论的 vt. 把……抽象出,提取→________________ n. 心不在焉,发愣;提炼,抽取;不切实际的念头→_____________ adj. 心不在焉的 18. ____________ vt. 假定;承担(责任),取得(权力);呈现;假装→______________ n. 假定,假设 19. ____________ vt. 使合格;使具备资格 vi. 取得资格(或学历),合格→___________ adj. 有限度的;有资格的→______________ n. 获得资格;资格,文凭;限定性条件 20. _____________ vi. 参考;涉及;提到;查阅→_______________ n. 参考;提到;推荐信 vt. 查阅,参考 二．用所给词的适当形式填空 1．As a , Beethoven a great deal of music.The Ninth Symphony is one of his finest .(compose) 2．The named Dori Roberts decided to do something to change this system.(educate) 3．The said reducing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere was to future development and he also the bad behavior.(criticize) 4．The remote island is a place for people to rest and find for mind and body.There’s nothing more _______ on a hot day than a cool wind.(refresh) 5．It is that you are wise，you will try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the you’ve made.(assume) 6．Over 300 people the job，but only one has been sent to us up to now.(inquire) 7．If you don’t to the magazine successfully, the can be cancelled within 7 days and you can get your money back.(subscribe) 8．I am sorry to your time，but I really want to talk with you about your daughter’s future .(occupy) 9．With to global warming, the professor to it at least three times in his class.(reference) 10．After (graduate) from college，he worked as a (library) in his hometown. 11．We have (presentation) three options to the Students’ Union for (discuss). 12．With many paper and working experience, I believe I am well for the position.(qualify) 13．To some extent, the _________(extend) of the road network has boosted local tourism __________(develop). 14．In her study, __________ (participate) were (random) assigned to two groups. 15．His (competent) is not in question but I’m worried about his attitude to the job. 16．The Swedes regard (vocation) training as a part of a youngster’s ________ (educate). 17. From their appearance, we cannot tell the between the twins, but the ways they walk are . And they also in their voices. (differ) 18. The young man was as manager of the big company with the letter of his professor. (recommend) 19. Parents give our children a sense of and make them feel they to a family tightly. (belong) 20. The workers are the bridge, and the bridge under connects the road. (construct) 三．一词多义 subscribe to 1.No one but mad people would subscribe to the view that such little child can earn a living. 2.This is the school the outstanding and patriotic scientist subscribed to generously in the past. 3.If you subscribe to the monthly magazine，it’ll be delivered to your door. curtain 4.As the curtain rises，a cottage is seen on the stage. 5.Please draw the curtains，the sunlight is too bright. 6.She pushed back the curtain of brown hair from her eyes. polish 7.I advise you to polish up your article once more before you send it to the editor. 8.His writing has potential but lacks polish. 9. The young man has formed a habit of polishing his shoes before he leaves home. character 10.There are many famous characters in history.Who do you admire most？ 11. It’s vital that a successful movie pay much attention to its theme and the figures’ character. 12.The whole character of the school has changed since he became the president. 13.The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form known as Chinese calligraphy. tip 14.Sorry，your name is just on the tip of my tongue. 15.After I had my hair cut，I gave the hairdresser a tip. 16.Here are some tips on how to make friends. 17.The wind blew and the plants began to shake，tipping their leaves. 18.She tipped the waiter two dollars for his excellent service. 四．选词填空 compose oneself point out take advantage of be bound to in a flash Reflect on stick to subscribe to in summary keep pace with 1．We need time to empty our minds and what is the most important to us. 2．Tom took a deep breath before his performance, trying to . 3．Six months have passed since we parted in Beijing. 4． your principles and tell him you won’t do it. 5．Our school librarian walked so fast that I could hardly her. 6．She tried in vain to that the assumption of their product’s prospect was not good. 7．Everyone will support the result according to the scientific statistic. 8．We intend to this drill to improve students’ competence in English. 9． , I think it’s very important to keep the balance between study and recreation. 10．Every year our school a large number of newspapers and magazines for us students. · 冲刺突破 Passage 1 阅读理解 (2025-2026学年江苏省盐城市七校联盟第三次联考） “Failure is the most important ingredient in science,” says Stuart Firestein. He studies the biology of the brain at Columbia University in New York City. “When an experiment fails or doesn’t work out the way you expected, it tells you there is something you didn’t know,” he says. “It suggests you need to go back and rethink: What went wrong? And why?” This is the value of failure. It leads to what Firestein calls “the portal (大门) of the unknown”. It is where the deepest and most worthwhile questions come from. And asking those questions can spark new ideas and types of experiments. Thomas Edison is reputed to have said much the same thing, according to a 1910 biography. He wanted to make a better battery. But after working seven days a week for more than five months, he still hadn’t succeeded. He told a friend, Walter S. Mallory, that he had already done more than 9,000 experiments for the project. According to the book, Mallory replied, “Isn’t it a shame that with the huge amount of work you have done you haven’t been able to get any results?” The book goes on to say that Edison “with a smile replied, ‘Results! Why, man, I have got a lot of results! I know several thousand things that won’t work.’” Nor did the dogged inventor stop. Eventually, he got the new battery to work. Schools tend to focus on covering lots of topics and memorizing countless facts. Many classes rely on textbooks to give students much information as quickly as possible. The problem with those books, explains Firestein, is “they have no context”. They state the results of experiments but they don’t tell us why people did them. Nor do they describe experiments that didn’t work. By focusing on successful outcomes, Firestein says, “We leave out 90 percent of science.” 1. What do Stuart Firestein’s words in paragraph 1 mainly show? A. Failure fuels discovery. B Caution ensures success. C. Success requires effort. D. Ignorance drives science. 2. How did Walter S. Mallory react after hearing Thomas Edison’s words? A. He urged Edison on. B. He thought the effort was wasted. C. He felt deeply worried. D. He viewed the failure as acceptable. 3. What does Firestein think today’s science classes should do? A. Cover numerous topics. B. Emphasize successful outcomes. C. Include descriptions of failures. D. Rely on memorization of countless facts. 4. What is the purpose of the author in writing the text? A. To describe the process of success. B. To introduce the history of batteries. C. To encourage acceptance of failure. D. To stress the value of failure in science. Passage 2 (2025-2026学年河北省NT20名校联合体高三上学期1月月考）The human capacity for rational (理性的) thinking makes us unique among the animal kingdom, according to wise, old Aristotle. However, a growing body of research suggests that rationality might not be quite as distinctive a human quality as we might have thought. In a recent study, researchers at the Ngamba Island Chimpanzee Sanctuary in Uganda presented chimps (黑猩猩) with two boxes: one with food and one without a snack. They were initially given a clue as to which one had food. The team then provided the chimps with sequential (顺序的) clues of varying strength about which one contained a snack. “When the initial evidence was strong, the chimps stuck with their original choice; when the new evidence clearly outweighed the first, they switched their choice,” says Hanna Schleihauf, a co-author of the study. Her team also incorporated computer models to demonstrate that the chimps’ responses matched up with rational strategies of belief revision, ensuring they engaged in genuine reasoning rather than merely favoring the most recent evidence. Researchers typically associate this sort of reasoning with children around four years old. “Most strikingly, the chimps also showed metacognitive sensitivity to evidence,” Schleihauf continued. Metacognition is awareness and understanding about our thinking processes. “They not only adjusted their choices, but did so in ways that suggest they tracked the evidential basis of their beliefs; when earlier evidence was defeated, they revised their belief accordingly,” she explains. These findings suggest that chimps’ reasoning is more similar to ours than previously believed. “Demonstrating rational belief revision in chimps provides a powerful comparative baseline for understanding the evolution of human reasoning,” said Schleihauf. By identifying which aspects of rationality humans share with chimps and which are unique to us, researchers can better recognize which develop early in children, which depend on culture, and which rely on uniquely human forms of social learning. She adds that the study is important for animal conservation and welfare because it further justifies the protection of great chimps, the increased moral standards in research and conservation, and the creation of more cognitively (认知上) stimulating habitats in reserves and zoos. 5. What can be inferred about the chimps’ behavior in the experiment? A. They could ignore strong initial evidence. B. They preferred whichever box looked larger. C. They based decisions on weighing of evidence. D. They chose randomly when clues were unclear. 6. Why did the researchers use computer models in the study? A. To copy the chimps’ learning process. B. To predict which box the chimps would choose. C. To compare the chimps’ behavior with that of kids. D. To confirm the chimps used rational belief revision. 7. What does Schleihauf think of the study findings? A. They are less reliable than expected. B. They show limited progress in this field. C. They fail to explain the chimps’ behavior. D. They reveal impressive abilities in chimps. 8. What does the last paragraph stress about the study? A. Its practical implications. B. Its historical context. C. Its experimental approach. D. Its potential limitations. Passage 3 完形填空 Helen had spent countless quiet nights preparing for the Youth Piano Competition in the city. Every difficult piece she practiced repeatedly made her more ____1____ to do her best. When the big day arrived, she felt both nervous and ready. She ____2____ the first bus leaving the town, hoping to reach the concert hall early. The journey began smoothly. With her hands resting on her knees, Helen ____3____ the music in her mind as the scenery streamed past outside the window. But halfway there, on a quiet stretch of road outside the city, the bus shook unexpectedly, slowed down, and came to a(n) ____4____. The driver said that a mechanical problem might take nearly two hours to ____5____. Helen felt a wave of fear — two hours could ____6____ her the chance she had been working for. Unwilling to wait, she stepped off and began ____7____ at passing cars. Most drivers ____8____ glanced at her, while a few sped by so fast that dust rose around her feet. Each ____9____ made her anxiety grow, yet she persisted (坚持), thinking of all the efforts she had invested. Just as she felt exhausted, a white car slowed and ____10____. The woman inside listened ____11____ and said she was heading to the same city to visit her daughter. “Get in,” she said. “No ____12____ should be left behind on the road.” They arrived just in time. When Helen offered to pay for the ____13____, the woman smiled and ____14____. “Just pay it forward someday.” Minutes later, Helen walked onto the stage and performed with confidence. That afternoon, her name was ____15____ as the First Prize winner — a success built on hard work, kindness, and courage. 1. A. delighted B. relaxed C. determined D. curious 2. A. drove B. boarded C. missed D. stopped 3. A. turned down B. showed off C. ran through D. listened to 4. A. sight B. end C. deal D. stop 5. A. fix B. find C. face D. record 6. A. free B. cost C. spare D. save 7. A. waving B. pointing C. staring D. throwing 8. A. merely B. gently C. closely D. entirely 9. A. crisis B. delay C. failure D. attack 10. A. passed by B. broke down C. sped up D. pulled over 11. A. casually B. attentively C. desperately D. generously 12. A. dream B. plan C. promise D. secret 13. A. ticket B. ride C. train D. bill 14. A. accepted B. ignored C. complained D. declined 15. A. predicted B. remembered C. announced D. imagined Passage 4 读后续写 On a sunny Sunday morning, 17-year-old Mia, a passionate painter, invited her best friend Leo to go sketching in the suburban hills. She hoped to capture the golden autumn scenery with her brush, so she packed a sketchbook, watercolor paints, a pencil case, and a small bag of snacks. Leo, who was good at outdoor survival, brought a worn compass, two bottles of warm water, and a lightweight raincoat, reminding Mia to stay on the main path. The organizer of the local hiking trail had warned them about possible weather changes, but the clear sky made both of them ignore the reminder. They walked along the path for nearly an hour, and Mia was attracted by a cluster of vibrant chrysanthemums by a hidden valley. Determined to draw the beautiful flowers, she pulled Leo off the main path and walked into the valley. The valley was surrounded by tall maple trees with red leaves, and the ground was covered with soft moss. Mia sat down to sketch happily, while Leo wandered around to collect interesting stones. When the sun began to sink, they prepared to leave but found themselves lost—the winding paths in the valley all looked identical, and the compass seemed to be malfunctioning due to the surrounding rocks. Suddenly, dark clouds gathered rapidly, and a cold wind started to blow. Before they could react, a light rain fell, dampening Mia’s sketchbook and paints. Leo hurried to help her pack up, but Mia accidentally tripped over a tree root while picking up her sketchbook, twisting her right ankle badly. She let out a cry of pain, tears welling up in her eyes, and couldn’t stand steadily. Leo helped her sit on a dry stone, rummaging through his bag but realizing they had left the first-aid kit in his mother’s car. The rain grew heavier, and the temperature dropped sharply. Their phones had no signal, snacks were scarce, and the sky was getting darker. Leo took a deep breath to calm his panic, knowing he must find a safe place for Mia before night fell, so he looked around anxiously for any signs of human habitation or hiking marks. 注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右； 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Leo’s eyes suddenly caught a faint light flickering through the dense maple trees. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ With the helper’s guidance, they finally struggled out of the valley as the rain eased. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $