Unit8 Once upon a Time 核心语法讲义 -2025-2026学年 人教版七年级英语下册

；Unit8 Once upon a Time 核心语法 一、语法精讲 语法点一：一般过去时（核心考点，表过去动作/状态） 1. 核心概念 一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作、存在的状态，或过去习惯性、经常性的动作，是本单元讲述童话故事、过去经历的核心时态。常与yesterday, last night, once upon a time, two years ago等过去时间状语连用，实义动词需用过去式，be动词用was/were。 例：① Once upon a time, there was a beautiful princess.（表过去存在的状态）；② He walked through the forest and found a small house yesterday.（表过去发生的动作）。 2. 句型结构与动词过去式变化规则 类别 具体内容 真题例句 句型结构（be动词类） 肯定句：主语+was/were+其他；否定句：主语+was/were+not+其他；疑问句：Was/Were+主语+其他？ 【2025年河南中考】She was a little girl ten years ago.（肯定句）；They weren’t in the forest last night.（否定句） 句型结构（实义动词类） 肯定句：主语+动词过去式+其他；否定句：主语+didn’t+动词原形+其他；疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其他？ 【2025年江苏苏州中考模拟】He visited his grandma last weekend.（肯定句）；She didn’t finish her homework yesterday.（否定句） 动词过去式变化 1. 规则变化：一般加-ed（walk→walked）；以e结尾加-d（love→loved）；辅音+y结尾变y为i加-ed（study→studied）；重读闭音节双写尾字母加-ed（stop→stopped）；2. 不规则变化（需单独记忆）：go→went, eat→ate, find→found 【2025年浙江杭州中考】She went to the park with her friends yesterday. 3. 关键用法（易错点突破） be动词与实义动词不可混用：肯定句中，be动词（was/were）和实义动词过去式不可同时出现，如“他昨天吃了苹果”需说He ate an apple yesterday.（不可说He was ate...）。 例：【2025年山东济南中考】They played basketball last Sunday.（正确）；They were played basketball...（错误）。 不规则动词记忆：不规则动词无固定变化规则，需重点记忆本单元高频词，如tell→told, bring→brought, sleep→slept，避免因拼写错误失分。 时间状语辨析：一般过去时的时间状语需表过去，不可与now, look等现在时态标志词连用，如He finished his work an hour ago.（不可说He finished...now）。 语法点二：there be句型过去式 1. 核心概念 there be句型过去式表示过去某地存在某物或某人，是童话故事开头、场景描述的高频句型，结构为“there was（单数/不可数名词）/there were（复数名词）+ 主语 + 地点状语”，遵循“就近原则”。 2. 句型分类与用法 句型结构 例句（贴合童话主题） 考点说明 肯定句：There was/were + 主语 + 地点 Once upon a time, there was a big tree in the forest.（单数主语）；There were three bears in the house.（复数主语） 主谓一致，根据靠近be动词的主语单复数确定用was/were 否定句：There was/were + not + 主语 + 地点 There wasn’t any water in the bottle yesterday.（不可数主语）；There weren’t any flowers in the garden last year. wasn’t=was not，weren’t=were not，any用于否定句 疑问句：Was/Were there + 主语 + 地点？ —Was there a little girl in the forest? —Yes, there was./No, there wasn’t. 疑问句需将was/were提前，答句前后一致 易错提醒：1. there be句型过去式不可与have/has连用，如不可说There was a boy had a dog.，需改为There was a boy who had a dog.；2. 就近原则：当主语有多个时，以靠近be动词的主语单复数为准，如There was a book and two pens on the desk. 二、语法综合练习 （一）单项选择 (1) 【2025年河南中考】Once upon a time, there ______ a kind king in the country.（ ） A. is B. was C. are D. were (2) 【2025年陕西中考模拟】He ______ to the forest and picked some flowers yesterday.（ ） A. go B. goes C. went D. will go (3) 【2025年四川成都中考】—Did she finish her homework last night? —______. She watched TV instead.（ ） A. Yes, she did B. No, she didn’t C. Yes, she was D. No, she wasn’t (4) 【2025年福建福州中考模拟】There ______ two cats and a dog in the house last week.（ ） A. is B. was C. are D. were (5) 【2025年湖北襄阳中考】They ______ not at school yesterday. They were at home.（ ） A. am B. is C. are D. were (6) 【2025年江苏南京中考】She ______ a storybook last night. It was very interesting.（ ） A. read B. reads C. is reading D. will read (7) 【2025年山东青岛中考模拟】—Was there a park near your home two years ago? —______. It was very small.（ ） A. Yes, there was B. No, there wasn’t C. Yes, there were D. No, there weren’t (8) 【2025年浙江宁波中考】He ______ his bike yesterday and hurt his leg.（ ） A. fall off B. fell off C. falls off D. will fall off (9) 【2025年江西中考】They ______ dinner at a restaurant last night. The food was delicious.（ ） A. have B. has C. had D. are having (10) 【2025年云南昆明中考模拟】There ______ no water in the river last summer because it was dry.（ ） A. is B. was C. are D. were （二）用所给词的适当形式填空 (1) 【2025年广东广州中考】Once upon a time, a little girl ______ (walk) through the forest. (2) 【2025年甘肃兰州中考】There ______ (be) a small house near the mountain last year. (3) 【2025年山西中考模拟】She ______ (not watch) TV last night. She read a storybook. (4) 【2025年贵州贵阳中考】They ______ (find) a box of gold in the cave yesterday. (5) 【2025年海南海口中考模拟】There ______ (be) three children in the park an hour ago. (6) 【2025年辽宁沈阳中考】He ______ (go) to the zoo with his parents last Sunday. (7) 【2025年青海西宁中考模拟】—What did you do yesterday? —I ______ (visit) my grandparents. (8) 【2025年湖北武汉中考】There ______ (not be) any trees in this place five years ago. (9) 【2025年江苏苏州中考】She ______ (sleep) in the small house and woke up late this morning. (10) 【2025年安徽中考模拟】They ______ (play) games in the garden last weekend. （三）补全对话 对话1（场景：讲述童话故事） 备选词：was, walked, found, were, didn’t A: Tell me a story, please. B: OK. Once upon a time, there ______ a little girl named Goldilocks. A: What did she do? B: She ______ into the forest and ______ a small house. A: Were there any people in the house? B: No, there ______. The owners were out. A: What happened next? 对话2（场景：谈论过去的经历） 备选词：went, had, was, were, visited A: What did you do last weekend? B: I ______ to the countryside with my family. A: How was the trip? B: It ______ great. There ______ many beautiful flowers. A: Did you visit anyone? B: Yes, we ______ my uncle. We ______ a delicious dinner there. （四）按要求改写句子 1. There was a little boy in the park yesterday.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答） —______ there a little boy in the park yesterday? —Yes, there ______. 2. He walked to school yesterday.（改为否定句） He ______ ______ to school yesterday. 3. There were three books on the desk.（改为否定句） There ______ ______ three books on the desk. 4. She played the piano last night.（对划线部分提问） What ______ she ______ last night? 5. They were in the classroom an hour ago.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ they an hour ago? 6. He found a bag in the forest.（改为一般疑问句并作否定回答） —______ he ______ a bag in the forest? —No, he ______. 7. There was a cup of tea on the table.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ on the table? 8. She went to the zoo last Sunday.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ she go to the zoo? 9. They had dinner at home yesterday.（改为一般疑问句） ______ they ______ dinner at home yesterday? 10. There were some apples in the basket.（改为单数句） There ______ ______ apple in the basket. 三、答案与详细解析 （一）单项选择 (1) B 解析：Once upon a time提示一般过去时，主语a kind king是单数，用there was。【2025河南中考考点：there be句型过去式单数】 (2) C 解析：yesterday提示一般过去时，go的过去式是went。【2025陕西模拟考点：不规则动词过去式】 (3) B 解析：问句用Did引导，答句需呼应，由“看电视代替”可知是否定回答，用No, she didn’t。【2025成都中考考点：一般过去时实义动词疑问句答句】 (4) D 解析：last week提示一般过去时，there be句型遵循就近原则，two cats是复数，用were。【2025福州模拟考点：there be句型过去式就近原则】 (5) D 解析：yesterday提示一般过去时，主语they是复数，be动词用were，否定式为weren’t。【2025襄阳中考考点：一般过去时be动词否定】 (6) A 解析：last night提示一般过去时，read的过去式与原形一致，发音为/red/。【2025南京中考考点：不规则动词过去式（特殊变化）】 (7) A 解析：问句用Was there引导，由“它很小”可知是肯定回答，用Yes, there was。【2025青岛模拟考点：there be句型过去式疑问句答句】 (8) B 解析：yesterday提示一般过去时，fall off的过去式是fell off。【2025宁波中考考点：动词短语过去式】 (9) C 解析：last night提示一般过去时，have的过去式是had。【2025江西中考考点：不规则动词过去式】 (10) B 解析：last summer提示一般过去时，water是不可数名词，用there was，否定式为there wasn’t。【2025昆明模拟考点：there be句型过去式不可数名词】 （二）用所给词的适当形式填空 (1) walked 解析：Once upon a time提示一般过去时，walk的过去式是walked。【2025广州中考考点：规则动词过去式】 (2) was 解析：last year提示一般过去时，主语a small house是单数，用was。【2025兰州中考考点：there be句型过去式单数】 (3) didn’t watch 解析：last night提示一般过去时，实义动词否定需借助didn’t，后接动词原形watch。【2025山西模拟考点：一般过去时实义动词否定】 (4) found 解析：yesterday提示一般过去时，find的过去式是found（不规则变化）。【2025贵阳中考考点：不规则动词过去式】 (5) were 解析：an hour ago提示一般过去时，主语three children是复数，用were。【2025海口模拟考点：there be句型过去式复数】 (6) went 解析：last Sunday提示一般过去时，go的过去式是went（不规则变化）。【2025沈阳中考考点：不规则动词过去式】 (7) visited 解析：问句用did提问，答句需用一般过去时，visit的过去式是visited。【2025西宁模拟考点：一般过去时问答一致】 (8) weren’t 解析：five years ago提示一般过去时，主语trees是复数，否定式为weren’t。【2025武汉中考考点：there be句型过去式复数否定】 (9) slept 解析：and连接并列动作，woke是过去式，sleep的过去式需用slept（不规则变化）。【2025苏州中考考点：不规则动词过去式】 (10) played 解析：last weekend提示一般过去时，play的过去式是played（规则变化）。【2025安徽模拟考点：规则动词过去式】 （三）补全对话 对话1 答案：was; walked; found; weren’t 解析：第一空Once upon a time提示一般过去时，主语a little girl是单数，用was；第二、三空表过去动作，walk和find的过去式分别为walked、found；第四空问句用Were there，否定回答用there weren’t，贴合语境。 对话2 答案：went; was; were; visited; had 解析：第一空last weekend提示一般过去时，go的过去式是went；第二空主语it对应was，表过去状态；第三空主语flowers是复数，用were；第四、五空表过去动作，visit和have的过去式分别为visited、had，呼应上下文。 （四）按要求改写句子 (1) Was; was 解析：there be句型过去式一般疑问句，将was提前；肯定回答用Yes, there was。 (2) didn’t walk 解析：一般过去时实义动词否定，借助didn’t，后接动词原形walk。 (3) weren’t any 解析：there be句型过去式复数否定，were后加not缩写为weren’t，some变any。 (4) did; do 解析：对动作提问用what，一般过去时疑问句借助did，后接动词原形do。 (5) Where were 解析：对地点提问用where，一般过去时be动词疑问句，将were提前。 (6) Did; find; didn’t 解析：一般过去时实义动词疑问句借助did，后接动词原形find；否定回答用No, he didn’t。 (7) What was 解析：对事物提问用what，there be句型过去式特殊疑问句，结构为“What + was/were + 地点？”，主语为单数，用was。 (8) When did 解析：对过去时间提问用when，一般过去时疑问句借助did，后接动词原形go。 (9) Did; have 解析：一般过去时实义动词疑问句借助did，后接动词原形have。 (10) was an 解析：复数句变单数句，were变was，some apples变an apple（apple为元音音素开头，用an修饰）。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $