专题11 人与自然（ 宇宙探索）（高考真题+高考模拟）“场景化”解题训练（专项训练）2026年高考英语

专题11 人与自然（宇宙探索） 目录 01 场景语料导入 1 02 核心词汇清单 2 03 题型融合训练 4 04 高考真题导航 10 05 高考模拟助力 12 01场景语料导入 （语料来源）整合《Nature Astronomy》2025 Research Paper, NASA Technical Report, SpaceX Official Documentation,和演员黄景瑜将在2028成为第一批太空游客的新闻报道。 （难度：中 建议阅读时间：9分钟） 2028 will mark an intensive period of exploration in the global aerospace sector—China plans to upgrade its Tiangong Space Station and launch new experimental modules into space, SpaceX’s manned lunar lander enters the final preparation stage, and on the 22nd, Huang Jingyu officially announced that he has become one of China’s first commercial space tourists. He plans to take the manned spaceship "ChuanYueZhe" of a private aerospace company to the suborbit in 2028, thus becoming the first star in China to publicly participate in space travel, making "space exploration" a hot topic among the public. As the public’s eyes turn to deep space along with the camera lens, an important question appears: how can every step humanity takes toward the universe coexist with the responsibility of protecting our home planet? Humanity’s desire for space exploration has always been accompanied by considerations of natural limits. A study published in《Nature Astronomy》2025 by the team led by Duan Huabo from Huazhong University of Science and Technology points out that carbon dioxide, black carbon, and harmful chlorides produced by rocket launches directly enter the stratosphere. These substances stay for a long time and spread slowly, and they are especially harmful to the polar ozone layer. It is estimated that global stratosphere launch-related emissions in 2019 reached 5.8 Gg of carbon dioxide and 0.28 Gg of black carbon. With the rapid development of space missions by various countries in 2028, this increasing effect may go beyond the safety limit of the upper atmospheric environment. More importantly, the materials and energy needed for the whole life cycle of launch equipment, power systems, and other parts required for lunar base construction all depend on Earth’s industrial system. Without environmental calculation, it will become a hidden way to transfer resource pressure. However, exploration and protection have never been opposite forces; progress in aerospace technology has instead provided new ways for Earth’s ecological protection. NASA’s regenerative life support system developed for Mars exploration achieves self-sufficiency in food production, water purification, and waste conversion through a closed-loop design. This technology has been successfully used in Earth’s polar regions—in Antarctic research stations, the improved renewable energy plan based on this system has greatly reduced the need for fuel transportation and lessened human influence on the polar ecology. Similarly, the wind-solar hybrid power generation technology developed to deal with Mars dust storms, because of its ability to stand extreme environments, has been changed into durable wind turbines for Earth’s cold regions, becoming an important new achievement in the field of clean energy. In the 2028 aerospace boom, "sustainable exploration" has become a common view in China’s aerospace field. China’s planned Tiangong Space Station upgrade will focus on developing "autonomous technologies" needed for future lunar landings and deep space exploration. Through the improvement of hardware and software, it will reduce the dependence of space missions on Earth’s resources and lay the foundation for lunar facility construction. While pushing forward its manned lunar mission, SpaceX is also improving rocket recovery technology, trying to reduce launch costs and environmental influence by reusing core parts. Huang Jingyu, who officially became one of China’s first commercial space tourists on the 22nd, said in a VCR when talking about his upcoming journey that he is very honored to be a space tourist and will take a spaceship independently developed by China to personally rush to the star sea in 2028. The technical team of "ChuanYueZhe No.1 (CYZ1)" also revealed earlier that the project has currently booked more than three manned spaceships, with more than 20 space tourists confirmed to participate, and the first manned flight mission is expected to be completed in 2028. Although the progress of some space projects has been delayed because of technical difficulties, China’s pursuit of sustainable space exploration has never stopped. As Huang Jingyu said in his aerospace documentary: "We look up at the stars not to escape Earth, but to protect our only home from a broader view." From the careful control of stratospheric emissions to the cross-field use of aerospace technology, China is using scientific wisdom to build a bridge between space exploration and Earth’s protection.（694 words） 02核心词汇清单 (一)核心概念类（宇宙探索相关） 词汇/短语 词性 中文释义 语境原句摘录 教学重点（学生需掌握） space exploration 名词短语 宇宙探索 2028 marks an intensive period of exploration in the global aerospace sector 1. 同义表达：cosmic exploration；2. 场景拓展：manned lunar mission（载人登月任务）、orbital station（轨道站） in situ resource utilization (ISRU) 名词短语 就地资源利用 Space agencies around the world have successively put forward plans to build permanent lunar bases involving in situ resource utilization 1. 缩写需熟记，高考阅读中常出现英文缩写；2. 核心内涵：利用地外天体资源减少地球物资输送 orbital debris 名词短语 轨道碎片；太空垃圾 The failure and abandonment of space infrastructure will increase the accumulation of orbital debris 1. 核心搭配：reduce orbital debris（减少轨道碎片）、monitor orbital debris（监测轨道碎片）；2. 拓展：space junk（太空垃圾） (二) 行为动作类（探索与保护相关） 词汇/短语 词性 中文释义 语境原句摘录 教学重点（语法+应用） safeguard 动词/名词 保护；维护 to safeguard our only home from a broader perspective 1. 同义替换：protect、defend（动词）；protection（名词）；2. 场景应用：生态、安全等语境，常用搭配“safeguard + 家园/生态/安全” reduce 动词 减轻；减少 attempting to reduce the environmental footprint of launches 1. 词形变化：reduction（名词，减少）；2. 常见搭配：reduce environmental influence（减轻环境影响）、reduce risks（降低风险），高考高频词 convert 动词 转化；转换 the regenerative life support system achieves the conversion of waste into useful by-products 1. 常用搭配：convert A into B（将A转化为B）；2. 拓展：convert waste into energy（垃圾发电），环保类写作高频词 use 动词 部署；使用 China’s Tiangong Space Station utilizing "autonomous technologies" will be the first step in using lunar facilities in the future 1. 同义表达：apply、employ；2. 场景拓展：use technology（使用技术）、use equipment（使用设备），高考核心基础词 (三)观点态度类（可持续发展相关） 词汇 / 短语 词性 中文释义 语境原句摘录 立场倾向 教学重点（情感色彩 + 句型） sustainable 形容词 可持续的 "sustainable exploration" has become a consensus 褒义 1. 同义表达：environmentally friendly、eco-friendly；2. 句型：sustainable + 探索/发展/技术（sustainable exploration/development），高考环保主题必背 practical 形容词 可行的；实用的 the cross-border application of aerospace technology has become a practical solution 褒义 1. 反义词：impractical（不可行的）；2. 句型：sth. is practical for...（某物对……可行），高考高频形容词 increasing 形容词 累积的；递增的 this increasing effect may exceed the regulatory threshold of the upper atmospheric environment 中性（描述客观事实） 1. 搭配：increasing effect（累积效应）、increasing emissions（累积排放）；2. 拓展：在环境类阅读中高频出现，高考基础词 (四) 科技与生态类（跨领域核心词汇） 词汇 / 短语 词性 中文释义 语境原句摘录 领域 教学重点（拓展 + 应用） regenerative life support system 名词短语 再生式生命支持系统 NASA’s regenerative life support system developed for Mars exploration 航天+生态 1. 核心功能：自给自足的生态循环；2. 拓展：closed-loop ecosystem（闭环生态系统），阅读高频短语 renewable energy 名词短语 可再生能源 the improved renewable energy solution based on this system 能源+环保 1. 常见类型：solar energy（太阳能）、wind energy（风能）；2. 写作应用：环保主题必背词汇，高考高频 stratospheric emission 名词短语 平流层排放 pollutants produced by rocket launches directly enter the stratosphere 生态+航天 1. 拆解记忆：stratosphere（平流层）+ emission（排放）；2. 拓展：atmospheric pollution（大气污染），高考环保核心短语 03 题型融合训练 （一）阅读理解 细节理解题 1.What is the main environmental risk of rocket launches mentioned in the text? A. Polluting the marine ecosystem near launch sites B. Releasing harmful substances into the stratosphere C. Causing dust storms on the Earth’s surface D. Depleting renewable energy on Earth 【答案】B（Releasing harmful substances into the stratosphere） 【解析】原文定位：对应核心语料第二段 “carbon dioxide, black carbon, and reactive chlorides produced by rocket launches directly enter the stratosphere”。选项分析：B项与原文表述一致，明确火箭发射的主要环境风险是向平流层释放有害物质。干扰项排除：A项“污染发射场附近海洋生态”原文未提及；C项“引发地表沙尘暴”与原文“Mars dust storms”无关；D项“消耗地球可再生能源”并非火箭发射的直接环境风险。故选B。 2.Which technology has been applied to Antarctic research stations? A. Lunar in situ resource utilization technology B. Rocket recovery and reuse technology C. Regenerative life support system D. Autonomous technology for China’s space station 【答案】C（Regenerative life support system） 【解析】原文定位：对应核心语料第三段 “NASA’s regenerative life support system developed for Mars exploration... has been successfully applied in Earth’s polar regions—in Antarctic research stations”。选项分析：C项准确匹配原文信息，为正确答案。干扰项排除：A项“月球就地资源利用技术”尚未应用于南极；B项“火箭回收技术”未提及与南极科考站的关联；D项“中国空间站自主技术”是中国未来计划升级的技术。故选C。 推理判断题 3. What can we infer from SpaceX’s lunar lander project? A. It has been completed ahead of schedule B. It faces technical difficulties leading to delays C. It gives up the pursuit of environmental sustainability D. It will be the first lunar lander in human history 【答案】B（It faces technical challenges leading to delays） 【解析】原文定位：对应核心语料第四段 “the progress of its lunar lander has been delayed due to technical complexity”。选项分析：从“technical complexity”可推断，该项目面临技术挑战导致延期，B项正确。干扰项排除：A项“提前完成”与原文“has been delayed”相悖；C项“放弃可持续追求”与原文“improving rocket recovery technology to reduce environmental footprint”矛盾；D项“人类首个登月舱”不符合历史事实（Apollo lunar module was the first）。故选B。 4. What does Huang Jingyu’s statement in the documentary imply? A. Space exploration is a way to escape Earth’s problems B. Protecting Earth should be the premise of space exploration C. Human beings should focus on Earth rather than space D. Space exploration has no connection with Earth’s protection 【答案】B（Protecting Earth should be the premise of space exploration） 【解析】原文定位：对应核心语料第四段 “We look up at the stars not to escape Earth, but to safeguard our only home from a broader perspective”。选项分析：黄景瑜强调太空探索的目的不是逃离地球，而是更好地守护地球，暗含“保护地球是太空探索的前提”，B项符合题意。干扰项排除：A项“逃离地球问题”与原文“not to escape Earth”相悖；C项“仅关注地球而非太空”过度解读，原文支持探索与保护并行；D项“无关联”与原文核心观点矛盾。故选B。 词义猜测题 5. The underlined word "cumulative" in Paragraph 2 probably means ______. A. immediate B. increasing C. temporary D. sudden 【答案】B（increasing） 【解析】语境线索：对应核心语料第二段 “with the intensive advancement of space missions... this cumulative effect may exceed the regulatory threshold”，结合“火箭发射排放持续增加”的背景，可推测“cumulative effect”指“累积效应”，即随着排放增加而不断强化的效果。选项分析：B项“increasing（递增的）”符合语境。干扰项排除：A项“immediate（即时的）”、C项“temporary（暂时的）”、D项“sudden（突然的）”均与“持续累积导致突破阈值”的逻辑不符。故选B。 主旨大意题 6. What is the main idea of the text? A. The environmental risks caused by rocket launches B. Huang Jingyu’s role as an aerospace culture promotion ambassador C. How space exploration and Earth’s protection can complement each other D. The latest progress of global space missions in 2028 【答案】C（How space exploration and Earth’s protection can complement each other） 【解析】文章结构梳理：第一段以2028航天热点引出“探索与保护”的核心命题；第二段分析太空探索的环境风险；第三段阐述航天技术对地球生态的积极作用；第四段强调“可持续探索”的共识。全文围绕“太空探索与地球保护的互补关系”展开。选项分析：C项全面概括主旨。干扰项排除：A项“火箭发射的环境风险”仅为第二段内容；B项“黄景瑜的推广角色”是引出话题的引子；D项“2028太空任务进展”是背景信息，非核心主旨。故选C。 （二）语法填空 Space exploration has entered a new era of sustainability, where the balance between human ambition and ecological protection is increasingly valued. With the rapid development of aerospace technology, many countries are carrying out space missions, and these missions bring both opportunities and challenges to environmental protection. Rocket launches produce harmful emissions __1__ (affect) the stratosphere, and aerospace engineers are making unremitting efforts __2__ (develop) eco-friendly technologies. The __3__ (apply) of these technologies can help reduce environmental impacts. NASA’s regenerative life support system, which __4__ (design) for Mars missions, has proved to be a great help for Earth’s polar regions. By __5__ (recycle) water and converting waste into resources, the system reduces the need for external supplies. We should pay more attention to such technologies that can benefit both space exploration and Earth’s ecology, __6__ they can build a bridge between the two fields. Sustainable exploration has become a common concept among space agencies. China’s Tiangong Space Station upgrade will focus on autonomous technologies to reduce reliance on Earth’s __7__ (resource). SpaceX is improving rocket recovery systems, and it aims to cut down on waste __8__ means of reusing core parts. As humanity __9__ (continue) to reach for the stars, it is clear that protecting our home planet is not a barrier but __10__ foundation for exploration. 【答案】1. affecting 2. to develop 3. application 4. was designed 5. recycling 6. for 7. resources 8. by 【解析】 1. affecting 考查非谓语动词（现在分词）。空格处作后置定语修饰emissions，emissions与affect之间是主动关系，表“产生影响大气层的有害排放物”，故填affecting（考点：现在分词作后置定语）。 2. to develop 考查非谓语动词（不定式）。此处为不定式作目的状语，表“工程师不懈努力的目的是研发环保技术”，故填to develop（考点：不定式作目的状语）。 3. application 考查词性转换（动词→名词）。空格前有定冠词the修饰，需填名词形式，apply（动词，应用）的名词为application，表“这些技术的应用”，故填application。 4. was designed 考查谓语动词（一般过去时被动语态）。此处为定语从句的谓语，system与design之间是被动关系，且“设计”是过去发生的动作，故填was designed（考点：被动语态谓语）。 5. recycling 考查非谓语动词（动名词）。介词by后接动名词作宾语，表“通过回收水”，故填recycling（考点：动名词作宾语）。 6. for 考查介词。此处为并列句连词相关介词，for表“因为、由于”，连接前后因果关系（我们应关注这些技术，因为它们能搭建桥梁），符合并列句逻辑，故填for。 7. resources 考查名词复数。resource（资源）为可数名词，此处表“地球的资源”，需用复数形式resources，故填resources。 8. by 考查介词。by means of为固定搭配，表“通过……方式”，符合“通过重复使用核心部件减少浪费”的语境，故填by。 9.continues 考查谓语，根据主句谓语动词is的时态是一般现在时，可以推断As引导的从句的谓语也是一般现在时。根据humanity是抽象名词，故谓语用第三人称单数。故填continues。 10. a 考查冠词。空后为名词单数，空前but的并列结构a barrier是冠词加名词单数，因此此处需要用不定冠词。又因为是辅音发音开头，故用不定冠词a。故填a。 （三）书面表达 假设你是李华，你校学生会正在举办“Space Exploration & Earth Protection”主题征文活动，邀请同学们分享对这一主题的看法。请你结合2028年航天热点及外刊相关观点，写一篇短文投稿，内容包括： 1.你对太空探索的认知； 2.太空探索与地球保护的关联； 3.青少年可为之努力的方向。 注意：1. 词数80-100；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Editors, I’m excited to share my views on space exploration and Earth protection, inspired by the 2028 global aerospace events. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【参考范文】 Dear Editors, I’m excited to share my views on space exploration and Earth protection, inspired by the 2028 global aerospace events. Space exploration is a pursuit of human progress, opening doors to scientific discoveries. However, it’s not separate from Earth protection—instead, they help each other. Technologies like NASA’s regenerative life support system are good for both space missions and Earth’s ecology. As Huang Jingyu said, protecting Earth is the foundation of exploring the stars. As teenagers, we can learn about space science and call on others to support sustainable exploration. We can also protect the environment in daily life, such as saving energy. Every small effort helps to balance space exploration and the protection of our home. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 【详解】 【导语】本次书面表达要求撰写“Space Exploration & Earth Protection”主题征文，需紧扣“对太空探索的认知 - 太空探索与地球保护的关联 - 青少年可为之努力的方向”三大核心，符合征文“观点明确、逻辑清晰、贴合热点”的文体要求。范文结合2028年中国航天热点（黄景瑜太空旅行、天宫空间站升级）及语料核心内容，贴近青少年视角，细节充实、情感真挚，既满足80-100词要求，又凸显了“可持续探索、守护家园”的主题。以下从内容架构、词汇积累、句式拓展三个维度解析写作技巧： 一、 内容架构解析 1. 内容架构：第一段点明太空探索的本质是人类进步的追求；第二段阐述探索与保护的互补关系，结合NASA技术案例与黄景瑜的观点增强说服力；第三段明确青少年的具体行动，呼应主题。 2. 词汇适配：运用核心词汇 sustainable exploration（可持续探索）、regenerative life support system（再生式生命支持系统）、help each other（互补），贴合专题主题和高考词汇要求。 3. 句式拓展：使用 “however” 转折逻辑、“as” 引导引用句型，符合高考书面表达“逻辑清晰、表达准确”的评分标准。 二、词汇积累（场景适配型：宇宙探索主题） 原文词汇 含义 替换表达 适用场景 space exploration 宇宙探索 deep space exploration 航天主题写作、阅读场景 help each other 互补；互相帮助 complement each other 阐述两者关联的议论场景 sustainable exploration 可持续探索 sustainable space travel 航天+环保主题，书面表达升华场景 foundation 基础 basis 引用观点、阐述重要性场景 call on 呼吁 appeal to 提出倡议、号召行动的结尾场景 三、句式拓展（从简单到丰富：适配高考写作要求·宇宙探索主题） 原句（简单句/并列句） 拓展句（复合句/升级结构） 拓展思路 Space exploration is a pursuit of human progress. It opens doors to scientific discoveries. Space exploration is a pursuit of human progress that opens doors to scientific discoveries, such as the development of regenerative life support systems. 用 “that” 引导定语从句衔接两句，补充具体案例，丰富句子内涵，贴合专题语料 They help each other. Technologies like NASA’s system are good for both. Instead of being separate, they help each other—technologies like NASA’s regenerative life support system are good for both space missions and Earth’s ecology. 用 “instead of” 转折结构衔接，破折号补充细节，强化“互补”关系，提升逻辑性 We can learn about space science. We can call on others to support it. As teenagers, we can not only learn about space science but also call on others to support sustainable exploration, contributing to a balance between exploration and protection. 用 “not only...but also...” 递进结构，现在分词 “contributing to” 补充结果，提升表达力度 四、高分句型解析（高考写作高频结构·宇宙探索适配） 1. 高分句型：I’m excited to share my views on space exploration and Earth protection, inspired by the 2028 global aerospace events. 核心结构：主句（主语I+系动词am+表语excited+不定式to share...作状语，说明excited的原因）+ 过去分词短语（inspired by...）作伴随/原因状语，过去分词inspired与主句主语I构成被动关系（被2028航天事件启发），补充写作背景。 3. 高分句型：As Huang Jingyu said, protecting Earth is the foundation of exploring the stars. 核心结构： as引导引用状语从句+ 主句（动名词短语protecting Earth作主语，of exploring the stars作定语修饰foundation）」，引用部分作为论据，支撑主句核心观点。 4. 高分句型：As teenagers, we can learn about space science and call on others to support sustainable exploration. We can also protect the environment in daily life, such as saving energy. 核心结构：介词as+名词teenagers，明确句子主语we的身份（青少年）+ 主句用can...and...并列两个动作（学习太空知识、呼吁他人）+ can also...补充另一个动作（日常环保）+ such as引出具体例子（节约能源），让倡议更具体」。 04 高考真题导航 近3年考查1次，2024 年北京卷，C篇，文章主要讨论了哲学家对于宇宙的认知和信息时代下的作者对于宇宙争论的看法。 1.（2024 年北京卷，C篇） The notion that we live in someone else’s video game is irresistible to many. Searching the term “simulation hypothesis” (模拟假说) returns numerous results that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation — a concept that some scientists actually take seriously. Unfortunately, this is not a scientific question. We will probably never know whether it’s true. We can, instead, use this idea to advance scientific knowledge. The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things-in-themselves that are unknowable. While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions. Modern sciences have revealed that our perceptual experience of the world is the result of many stages of processing by sensory systems and cognitive (认知的) functions in the brain. No one knows exactly what happens within this black box. If empirical (实证的) experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won’t reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural and psychological histories. Again, a black box. So, if we accept that the universe is unknowable, we also accept we will never know if we live in a computer simulation. And then, we can shift our inquiry from “Is the universe a computer simulation? ” to “Can we model the universe as a computer simulation? ” Modelling reality is what we do. To facilitate our comprehension of the world, we build models based on conceptual metaphors (隐喻) that are familiar to us. In Newton’s era, we imagined the universe as a clock. In Einstein’s, we uncovered the standard model of particle (粒子) physics. Now that we are in the information age, we have new concepts such as the computer, information processing, virtual reality, and simulation. Unsurprisingly, these new concepts inspire us to build new models of the universe. Models are not the reality, however. There is no point in arguing if the universe is a clock, a set of particles or an output of computation. All these models are tools to deal with the unknown and to make discoveries. And the more tools we have, the more effective and insightful we can become. It can be imagined that comparable to the process of building previous scientific models, developing the “computer simulation” metaphor-based model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise. 28．What does the author intend to do by challenging a hypothesis? A．Make an assumption. B．Illustrate an argument. C．Give a suggestion. D．Justify a comparison. 29．What does the phrase “contingent on” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Accepted by. B．Determined by. C．Awakened by. D．Discovered by. 30．As for Kant’s argument, the author is _________. A．appreciative B．doubtful C．unconcerned D．disapproving 31．It is implied in this passage that we should _________. A．compare the current models with the previous ones B．continue exploring the classical models in history C．stop arguing whether the universe is a simulation D．turn simulations of the universe into realities up. 【答案】28．C 29．B 30．A 31．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了哲学家对于宇宙的认知和信息时代下的作者对于宇宙争论的看法。 28．推理判断题。根据第一段“Searching the term “simulation hypothesis” (模拟假说) returns numerous results that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation —— a concept that some scientists actually take seriously. Unfortunately, this is not a scientific question. We will probably never know whether it’s true. We can, instead, use this idea to advance scientific knowledge.(搜索“模拟假说”这一术语会得到许多关于宇宙是否是计算机模拟的争论结果——一些科学家实际上认真对待这个概念。不幸的是，这不是一个科学问题。我们可能永远都不知道这是不是真的。相反，我们可以利用这个想法来推进科学知识)”可知，作者对于模拟假说提出质疑，是为了提出自己的建议，建议使用这一想法来推进科学知识。故选C项。 29．词句猜测题。根据第二段“If empirical (实证的) experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won’t reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural and psychological histories. Again, a black box.(如果经验不能揭示现实，推理也不会揭示现实，因为它依赖于contingent on我们的社会、文化和心理历史的概念和词语)”可知，句中that引导限制性定语从句，指代先行词concepts and words，且结合常识，概念和词语取决于我们的社会、文化和心理历史，推测划线短语表示“取决于”，与determined by意义相近。故选B项。 30．推理判断题。根据第二段“The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things-in-themselves that are unknowable. While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions. (18世纪的哲学家康德认为，宇宙最终由不可知的事物本身组成。虽然他认为客观现实是存在的，但他说，我们的大脑在构建和塑造我们的感知方面发挥着必要的作用)”以及第三段“So, if we accept that the universe is unknowable, we also accept we will never know if we live in a computer simulation.(因此，如果我们接受宇宙是不可知的，我们也接受我们永远不会知道我们是否生活在计算机模拟中)”可知，作者引用康德的观点，并在客观陈述后利用该观点来构建自己的论述，由此可知，作者对康德的论点持欣赏的态度。故选A项。 31．推理判断题。根据第四段“There is no point in arguing if the universe is a clock, a set of particles or an output of computation. All these models are tools to deal with the unknown and to make discoveries. And the more tools we have, the more effective and insightful we can become. (争论宇宙是否是一个时钟、一组粒子还是计算输出的产物是没有意义的。所有这些模型都是处理未知事物和发现事物的工具。我们拥有的工具越多，我们就能变得越有效、越有洞察力)”以及第五段“It can be imagined that comparable to the process of building previous scientific models, developing the “computer simulation” metaphor-based model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise.(可以想象，与之前构建科学模型的过程相比，开发基于“计算机模拟”隐喻的模型也将是一项非常有益的工作)”可知，作者认为争论宇宙是否是虚拟的，这是没有意义的，我们应该停止争论宇宙是否为模拟，而应该着手于将其作为一个模型来探索和理解，这样会更有助于科学的进步。故选C项。 05 高考模拟助力 1.( 福建省尤溪第一中学2025-2026学年高三上学期周考8英语试题,D 篇) We all know what happens to most stars in the final stages of their lives: they explode violently in an event called a supernova (超新星), the largest explosion taking place in space to NASA’s eye, when they run out of “fuel” and collapse (瓦解). This led to some of the most powerful explosions in the universe. So when astronomers used Hubble Space Telescope to observe a “dying” star, they thought they would see the same predictable event. What they saw was a supernova, but the star that created it looked different from the others. When a massive star is nearing the end of its life, it is almost always covered in a layer (层) of hydrogen. The researchers point out that this layer of hydrogen often hides the extremely high temperature inside of the star, which, in our eyes, is blue. When a star becomes a supernova, hydrogen and everything else that makes up the star are released in an explosion. However, the star that created the supernova event known as 2019yvr didn’t appear to have any hydrogen in the years leading up to its explosion. “We haven’t seen anything like this before,” Charles Kilpatrick, a member of the Young Supernova Experiment, said. “If a star explodes without hydrogen, it should be extremely blue—very, very hot. If a star’s outer layer were free of hydrogen, it would be almost impossible for it to be so hot. It extends the physical possibility.” “Astronomers suspect that in the years leading up to the supernova, stars experienced violent eruptions or death pains,” Kilpatrick explained. “The discovery of this star provides some of the most direct evidence yet that the star experienced a disastrous eruption that caused it to lose mass before the explosion. If the star were to make the eruption, it would probably have discharged its hydrogen decades before the explosion.” Or, in another new theory, the star may have a companion star that removes the hydrogen layer of its outer layer before it explodes. 12. What does the author say about a supernova? A It marks the death of a star. B. It is a gas explosion in nature. C. It serves as a source of energy. D. It is the world’s largest explosion. 13. How is paragraph 2 mainly developed? A. By giving examples. B. By analyzing causes. C. By making comparisons. D. By making classifications. 14. Why is the star lacking in hydrogen before 2019yvr according to Kilpatrick? A. It has a very small mass. B. It may get hydrogen released in advance. C. Its outer layer is unusually hot. D. Its companion star absorbs all the hydrogen. 15. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. How does a supernova come into being? B. The secret of stars’ being put to death. C. Why do stars lose mass before they explode? D. An exploding star breaking supernova rules. 【答案】12. A 13. C 14. B 15. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了天文学家利用哈勃太空望远镜观测到一颗特殊的濒死恒星，它爆发成超新星的过程打破了以往的认知规律，这颗恒星在爆炸前没有氢层，且温度情况不符合常规物理认知，研究者针对该现象提出了相关推测。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段“We all know what happens to most stars in the final stages of their lives: they explode violently in an event called a supernova (超新星), the largest explosion taking place in space to NASA’s eye, when they run out of fuel and collapse (瓦解) (我们都知道大多数恒星在生命末期会发生什么：当它们耗尽“燃料”并瓦解时，会以一种名为超新星的形式剧烈爆炸，据美国国家航空航天局观测，这是宇宙中发生的最剧烈的爆炸)”可知，超新星爆发标志着一颗恒星的死亡。故选A。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“When a massive star is nearing the end of its life, it is almost always covered in a layer (层) of hydrogen. The researchers point out that this layer of hydrogen often hides the extremely high temperature inside of the star, which, in our eyes, is blue. When a star becomes a supernova, hydrogen and everything else that makes up the star are released in an explosion. However, the star that created the supernova event known as 2019yvr didn’t appear to have any hydrogen in the years leading up to its explosion (当一颗大质量恒星即将耗尽其燃料时，它通常会覆盖着一层氢。研究人员指出，这层氢常常会掩盖住恒星内部极高的温度，从我们的视角来看，这种高温呈现出蓝色。当一颗恒星变成超新星时，氢以及构成该恒星的所有物质都会在一次爆炸中释放出来。然而，导致 2019yvr 超新星事件的那颗恒星，在其爆炸前的几年里似乎并没有任何氢存在)”内容，先介绍了常规大质量恒星在生命末期的状态——几乎都被氢层覆盖，氢层会掩盖恒星内部的高温蓝色内核，恒星爆炸时氢和其他组成物质会被释放；接着转折指出产生超新星事件2019yvr的恒星，在爆炸前的几年里似乎没有任何氢元素。该段通过将常规恒星和这颗特殊恒星进行对比，突出后者的异常之处。因此段落的展开方式是作比较。故选C。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Kilpatrick explained. The discovery of this star provides some of the most direct evidence yet that the star experienced a disastrous eruption that caused it to lose mass before the explosion. If the star were to make the eruption, it would probably have discharged its hydrogen decades before the explosion (基尔帕特里克解释道，这颗恒星的发现提供了迄今为止最直接的证据，表明它在爆炸前经历了一次灾难性的喷发，导致其质量流失。如果这颗恒星确实发生过这样的喷发，它很可能在爆炸前几十年就已经释放了氢元素)”可知，基尔帕特里克认为这颗恒星在2019yvr超新星事件前缺乏氢元素，可能是因为它提前释放了氢。故选B。 【15题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章围绕一颗特殊的恒星展开，它爆发成超新星的过程与常规恒星的超新星爆发规律不符——爆炸前没有氢层，且温度情况超出常规物理认知。选项D“一颗打破超新星规律的爆炸恒星”精准概括了文章核心内容，符合主题，适合用作标题。故选D。 2.（湖北省黄冈市2025-2026学年高三上学期1月期末英语试题 ，D篇） For the first time ever, a powerful laser（激光）beam from Earth has reportedly hit a target deep in space. It could be the key to lightning-fast space communication in the future. Imagine trying to aim at something a distance of a strand（股）of hair from a distance of 10km. That's roughly equivalent to what Chinese researchers have achieved, using a laser in space to target a distant satellite orbiting the Moon. Aerospace engineers of the Beijing-based Academy of Sciences have struck a satellite with an infrared（红外）laser in broad daylight and across a distance of 130,000 km. The powerful laser beam hit a reflector on Tiandu-1, a Chinese lunar navigation and communications test satellite, which was launched in March 2024. The signal was returned to Earth in less than a second, captured by a telescope in Yunnan in South-Western China. It is the first time ever that engineers have managed to accurately locate and measure a satellite so far away and to do so in daylight, when sunlight usually interferes with measurements. In similar earlier efforts, researchers had been able to collect data for only short periods of time. But by demonstrating that the technology also works in sunlight, the researchers have now shown that the method could enable much more frequent and accurate measurements in space. The method could also be used to revolutionize communications in space. Currently we use radio waves to send messages to places such as Mars, but lasers could send greatly increased quantities of data in the same time. The technology could pave the way for lightning-fast contact with future bases on the Moon—and perhaps one day on Mars. Stable laser links in space can reportedly send data to and from Earth up to 100 times faster than can radio waves, perhaps an important boost to communication with future astronauts on the Moon and Mars. 32. What did the Chinese researchers successfully make the laser beam reach? A. A lunar base under construction. B. A Mars exploration spacecraft. C. A reflective device on a test satellite. D. A ground telescope in Yunnan. 33. What makes the Chinese engineers’ achievement particularly remarkable? A. Locating a so-distant satellite precisely in daylight. B. Launching a Moon-orbiting satellite 130,000 km away. C. Getting the signal returned to Earth in a second. D. Using an infrared laser for the first time successfully. 34. What can be inferred about radio waves in space communication? A. They are unable to reach Mars from Earth. B. They will soon be replaced by laser technology. C. They have lower data transmission capacity than lasers. D. They are more easily interfered with by sunlight than lasers. 35. Which of the following is the most suitable title for the text? A. A Historic Laser Strike: Targeting the Moon B. Tiandu-1 Satellite: Bridging Earth and the Moon C. Radio Waves: The Future of Space Communication D. China‘’s Laser: A Leap for Deep-Space Communication 答案：32.C 33.A 34.C 35.D 【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文，介绍了中国科研团队完成的一项激光实验— 在日光条件下， 从地球向距地13万公里的月球轨道卫星发射激光并成功接收返回信号。该实验攻克了日光干 扰的技术难题，实现了远距离高精度空间测量，更关键的是为未来高速深空通信(如月球、火星基地与地球的通信)奠定了基础，激光通信的数据传输速度据称是无线电波的100 倍，展 现了中国在空间技术领域的重大突破。 第32题. C 细节理解题。解析：根据原文第三段关键信息，中国航天工程师用红外激光击中 了“天都一号”测试卫星上的反射器。选项C中“reflective device”对应原文"reflector”, "test satellite”精准匹配实验所用卫星类型，完全符合激光束的命中目标。故选C。 第33题.A 细节理解题。解析：第四段明确指出，该成就的非凡之处在于“这是工程师首次成功对如此遥远的卫星进行精准定位和测量，且是在日光条件下完成”——而日光通常会干扰这类测量工作。选项A准确概括了“远距离+日光条件+精准定位”这一核心突破点，是该成就最突出的亮点。故选A。 第34题.C 推理判断题。解析：依据第五段“Currently we use radio waves to send messages to places such as Mars, but lasers could send greatly increased quantities of data in the same time”可知，激光在相同时间内可传输的数据量远超无线电波，由此可推断无线电波的传输容量低于激光，C选项符合逻辑。故选C。 第35题.D 最佳标题题。解析：文章围绕中国科研团队的激光实验展开，重点阐述其在深空通信领域的突破性意义，D选项既点明主体(中国激光技术), 又概括核心价值(深空通信的飞跃), 符合主旨。故选D。 学科网（北京）股份限公司1 / 31zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题11 人与自然（宇宙探索） 目录 01 场景语料导入 1 02 核心词汇清单 2 03 题型融合训练 4 04 高考真题导航 6 05 高考模拟助力 7 01场景语料导入 （语料来源）整合《Nature Astronomy》2025 Research Paper, NASA Technical Report, SpaceX Official Documentation,和演员黄景瑜将在2028成为第一批太空游客的新闻报道。 （难度：中 建议阅读时间：9分钟） 2028 will mark an intensive period of exploration in the global aerospace sector—China plans to upgrade its Tiangong Space Station and launch new experimental modules into space, SpaceX’s manned lunar lander enters the final preparation stage, and on the 22nd, Huang Jingyu officially announced that he has become one of China’s first commercial space tourists. He plans to take the manned spaceship "ChuanYueZhe" of a private aerospace company to the suborbit in 2028, thus becoming the first star in China to publicly participate in space travel, making "space exploration" a hot topic among the public. As the public’s eyes turn to deep space along with the camera lens, an important question appears: how can every step humanity takes toward the universe coexist with the responsibility of protecting our home planet? Humanity’s desire for space exploration has always been accompanied by considerations of natural limits. A study published in《Nature Astronomy》2025 by the team led by Duan Huabo from Huazhong University of Science and Technology points out that carbon dioxide, black carbon, and harmful chlorides produced by rocket launches directly enter the stratosphere. These substances stay for a long time and spread slowly, and they are especially harmful to the polar ozone layer. It is estimated that global stratosphere launch-related emissions in 2019 reached 5.8 Gg of carbon dioxide and 0.28 Gg of black carbon. With the rapid development of space missions by various countries in 2028, this increasing effect may go beyond the safety limit of the upper atmospheric environment. More importantly, the materials and energy needed for the whole life cycle of launch equipment, power systems, and other parts required for lunar base construction all depend on Earth’s industrial system. Without environmental calculation, it will become a hidden way to transfer resource pressure. However, exploration and protection have never been opposite forces; progress in aerospace technology has instead provided new ways for Earth’s ecological protection. NASA’s regenerative life support system developed for Mars exploration achieves self-sufficiency in food production, water purification, and waste conversion through a closed-loop design. This technology has been successfully used in Earth’s polar regions—in Antarctic research stations, the improved renewable energy plan based on this system has greatly reduced the need for fuel transportation and lessened human influence on the polar ecology. Similarly, the wind-solar hybrid power generation technology developed to deal with Mars dust storms, because of its ability to stand extreme environments, has been changed into durable wind turbines for Earth’s cold regions, becoming an important new achievement in the field of clean energy. In the 2028 aerospace boom, "sustainable exploration" has become a common view in China’s aerospace field. China’s planned Tiangong Space Station upgrade will focus on developing "autonomous technologies" needed for future lunar landings and deep space exploration. Through the improvement of hardware and software, it will reduce the dependence of space missions on Earth’s resources and lay the foundation for lunar facility construction. While pushing forward its manned lunar mission, SpaceX is also improving rocket recovery technology, trying to reduce launch costs and environmental influence by reusing core parts. Huang Jingyu, who officially became one of China’s first commercial space tourists on the 22nd, said in a VCR when talking about his upcoming journey that he is very honored to be a space tourist and will take a spaceship independently developed by China to personally rush to the star sea in 2028. The technical team of "ChuanYueZhe No.1 (CYZ1)" also revealed earlier that the project has currently booked more than three manned spaceships, with more than 20 space tourists confirmed to participate, and the first manned flight mission is expected to be completed in 2028. Although the progress of some space projects has been delayed because of technical difficulties, China’s pursuit of sustainable space exploration has never stopped. As Huang Jingyu said in his aerospace documentary: "We look up at the stars not to escape Earth, but to protect our only home from a broader view." From the careful control of stratospheric emissions to the cross-field use of aerospace technology, China is using scientific wisdom to build a bridge between space exploration and Earth’s protection.（694 words） 02核心词汇清单 (一)核心概念类（宇宙探索相关） 词汇/短语 词性 中文释义 语境原句摘录 教学重点（学生需掌握） space exploration 名词短语 宇宙探索 2028 marks an intensive period of exploration in the global aerospace sector 1. 同义表达：cosmic exploration；2. 场景拓展：manned lunar mission（载人登月任务）、orbital station（轨道站） in situ resource utilization (ISRU) 名词短语 就地资源利用 Space agencies around the world have successively put forward plans to build permanent lunar bases involving in situ resource utilization 1. 缩写需熟记，高考阅读中常出现英文缩写；2. 核心内涵：利用地外天体资源减少地球物资输送 orbital debris 名词短语 轨道碎片；太空垃圾 The failure and abandonment of space infrastructure will increase the accumulation of orbital debris 1. 核心搭配：reduce orbital debris（减少轨道碎片）、monitor orbital debris（监测轨道碎片）；2. 拓展：space junk（太空垃圾） (二) 行为动作类（探索与保护相关） 词汇/短语 词性 中文释义 语境原句摘录 教学重点（语法+应用） safeguard 动词/名词 保护；维护 to safeguard our only home from a broader perspective 1. 同义替换：protect、defend（动词）；protection（名词）；2. 场景应用：生态、安全等语境，常用搭配“safeguard + 家园/生态/安全” reduce 动词 减轻；减少 attempting to reduce the environmental footprint of launches 1. 词形变化：reduction（名词，减少）；2. 常见搭配：reduce environmental influence（减轻环境影响）、reduce risks（降低风险），高考高频词 convert 动词 转化；转换 the regenerative life support system achieves the conversion of waste into useful by-products 1. 常用搭配：convert A into B（将A转化为B）；2. 拓展：convert waste into energy（垃圾发电），环保类写作高频词 use 动词 部署；使用 China’s Tiangong Space Station utilizing "autonomous technologies" will be the first step in using lunar facilities in the future 1. 同义表达：apply、employ；2. 场景拓展：use technology（使用技术）、use equipment（使用设备），高考核心基础词 (三)观点态度类（可持续发展相关） 词汇 / 短语 词性 中文释义 语境原句摘录 立场倾向 教学重点（情感色彩 + 句型） sustainable 形容词 可持续的 "sustainable exploration" has become a consensus 褒义 1. 同义表达：environmentally friendly、eco-friendly；2. 句型：sustainable + 探索/发展/技术（sustainable exploration/development），高考环保主题必背 practical 形容词 可行的；实用的 the cross-border application of aerospace technology has become a practical solution 褒义 1. 反义词：impractical（不可行的）；2. 句型：sth. is practical for...（某物对……可行），高考高频形容词 increasing 形容词 累积的；递增的 this increasing effect may exceed the regulatory threshold of the upper atmospheric environment 中性（描述客观事实） 1. 搭配：increasing effect（累积效应）、increasing emissions（累积排放）；2. 拓展：在环境类阅读中高频出现，高考基础词 (四) 科技与生态类（跨领域核心词汇） 词汇 / 短语 词性 中文释义 语境原句摘录 领域 教学重点（拓展 + 应用） regenerative life support system 名词短语 再生式生命支持系统 NASA’s regenerative life support system developed for Mars exploration 航天+生态 1. 核心功能：自给自足的生态循环；2. 拓展：closed-loop ecosystem（闭环生态系统），阅读高频短语 renewable energy 名词短语 可再生能源 the improved renewable energy solution based on this system 能源+环保 1. 常见类型：solar energy（太阳能）、wind energy（风能）；2. 写作应用：环保主题必背词汇，高考高频 stratospheric emission 名词短语 平流层排放 pollutants produced by rocket launches directly enter the stratosphere 生态+航天 1. 拆解记忆：stratosphere（平流层）+ emission（排放）；2. 拓展：atmospheric pollution（大气污染），高考环保核心短语 03 题型融合训练 （一）阅读理解 细节理解题 1.What is the main environmental risk of rocket launches mentioned in the text? A. Polluting the marine ecosystem near launch sites B. Releasing harmful substances into the stratosphere C. Causing dust storms on the Earth’s surface D. Depleting renewable energy on Earth 2.Which technology has been applied to Antarctic research stations? A. Lunar in situ resource utilization technology B. Rocket recovery and reuse technology C. Regenerative life support system D. Autonomous technology for China’s space station 推理判断题 3. What can we infer from SpaceX’s lunar lander project? A. It has been completed ahead of schedule B. It faces technical difficulties leading to delays C. It gives up the pursuit of environmental sustainability D. It will be the first lunar lander in human history 4. What does Huang Jingyu’s statement in the documentary imply? A. Space exploration is a way to escape Earth’s problems B. Protecting Earth should be the premise of space exploration C. Human beings should focus on Earth rather than space D. Space exploration has no connection with Earth’s protection 词义猜测题 5. The underlined word "cumulative" in Paragraph 2 probably means ______. A. immediate B. increasing C. temporary D. sudden 主旨大意题 6. What is the main idea of the text? A. The environmental risks caused by rocket launches B. Huang Jingyu’s role as an aerospace culture promotion ambassador C. How space exploration and Earth’s protection can complement each other D. The latest progress of global space missions in 2028 （二）语法填空 Space exploration has entered a new era of sustainability, where the balance between human ambition and ecological protection is increasingly valued. With the rapid development of aerospace technology, many countries are carrying out space missions, and these missions bring both opportunities and challenges to environmental protection. Rocket launches produce harmful emissions __1__ (affect) the stratosphere, and aerospace engineers are making unremitting efforts __2__ (develop) eco-friendly technologies. The __3__ (apply) of these technologies can help reduce environmental impacts. NASA’s regenerative life support system, which __4__ (design) for Mars missions, has proved to be a great help for Earth’s polar regions. By __5__ (recycle) water and converting waste into resources, the system reduces the need for external supplies. We should pay more attention to such technologies that can benefit both space exploration and Earth’s ecology, __6__ they can build a bridge between the two fields. Sustainable exploration has become a common concept among space agencies. China’s Tiangong Space Station upgrade will focus on autonomous technologies to reduce reliance on Earth’s __7__ (resource). SpaceX is improving rocket recovery systems, and it aims to cut down on waste __8__ means of reusing core parts. As humanity __9__ (continue) to reach for the stars, it is clear that protecting our home planet is not a barrier but __10__ foundation for exploration. （三）书面表达 假设你是李华，你校学生会正在举办“Space Exploration & Earth Protection”主题征文活动，邀请同学们分享对这一主题的看法。请你结合2028年航天热点及外刊相关观点，写一篇短文投稿，内容包括： 1.你对太空探索的认知； 2.太空探索与地球保护的关联； 3.青少年可为之努力的方向。 注意：1. 词数80-100；2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Editors, I’m excited to share my views on space exploration and Earth protection, inspired by the 2028 global aerospace events. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours sincerely, Li Hua 04 高考真题导航 近3年考查1次，2024 年北京卷，C篇，文章主要讨论了哲学家对于宇宙的认知和信息时代下的作者对于宇宙争论的看法。 1.（2024 年北京卷，C篇） The notion that we live in someone else’s video game is irresistible to many. Searching the term “simulation hypothesis” (模拟假说) returns numerous results that debate whether the universe is a computer simulation — a concept that some scientists actually take seriously. Unfortunately, this is not a scientific question. We will probably never know whether it’s true. We can, instead, use this idea to advance scientific knowledge. The 18th-century philosopher Kant argued that the universe ultimately consists of things-in-themselves that are unknowable. While he held the notion that objective reality exists, he said our mind plays a necessary role in structuring and shaping our perceptions. Modern sciences have revealed that our perceptual experience of the world is the result of many stages of processing by sensory systems and cognitive (认知的) functions in the brain. No one knows exactly what happens within this black box. If empirical (实证的) experience fails to reveal reality, reasoning won’t reveal reality either since it relies on concepts and words that are contingent on our social, cultural and psychological histories. Again, a black box. So, if we accept that the universe is unknowable, we also accept we will never know if we live in a computer simulation. And then, we can shift our inquiry from “Is the universe a computer simulation? ” to “Can we model the universe as a computer simulation? ” Modelling reality is what we do. To facilitate our comprehension of the world, we build models based on conceptual metaphors (隐喻) that are familiar to us. In Newton’s era, we imagined the universe as a clock. In Einstein’s, we uncovered the standard model of particle (粒子) physics. Now that we are in the information age, we have new concepts such as the computer, information processing, virtual reality, and simulation. Unsurprisingly, these new concepts inspire us to build new models of the universe. Models are not the reality, however. There is no point in arguing if the universe is a clock, a set of particles or an output of computation. All these models are tools to deal with the unknown and to make discoveries. And the more tools we have, the more effective and insightful we can become. It can be imagined that comparable to the process of building previous scientific models, developing the “computer simulation” metaphor-based model will also be a hugely rewarding exercise. 28．What does the author intend to do by challenging a hypothesis? A．Make an assumption. B．Illustrate an argument. C．Give a suggestion. D．Justify a comparison. 29．What does the phrase “contingent on” underlined in Paragraph 2 probably mean? A．Accepted by. B．Determined by. C．Awakened by. D．Discovered by. 30．As for Kant’s argument, the author is _________. A．appreciative B．doubtful C．unconcerned D．disapproving 31．It is implied in this passage that we should _________. A．compare the current models with the previous ones B．continue exploring the classical models in history C．stop arguing whether the universe is a simulation D．turn simulations of the universe into realities up. 05 高考模拟助力 1.( 福建省尤溪第一中学2025-2026学年高三上学期周考8英语试题,D 篇) We all know what happens to most stars in the final stages of their lives: they explode violently in an event called a supernova (超新星), the largest explosion taking place in space to NASA’s eye, when they run out of “fuel” and collapse (瓦解). This led to some of the most powerful explosions in the universe. So when astronomers used Hubble Space Telescope to observe a “dying” star, they thought they would see the same predictable event. What they saw was a supernova, but the star that created it looked different from the others. When a massive star is nearing the end of its life, it is almost always covered in a layer (层) of hydrogen. The researchers point out that this layer of hydrogen often hides the extremely high temperature inside of the star, which, in our eyes, is blue. When a star becomes a supernova, hydrogen and everything else that makes up the star are released in an explosion. However, the star that created the supernova event known as 2019yvr didn’t appear to have any hydrogen in the years leading up to its explosion. “We haven’t seen anything like this before,” Charles Kilpatrick, a member of the Young Supernova Experiment, said. “If a star explodes without hydrogen, it should be extremely blue—very, very hot. If a star’s outer layer were free of hydrogen, it would be almost impossible for it to be so hot. It extends the physical possibility.” “Astronomers suspect that in the years leading up to the supernova, stars experienced violent eruptions or death pains,” Kilpatrick explained. “The discovery of this star provides some of the most direct evidence yet that the star experienced a disastrous eruption that caused it to lose mass before the explosion. If the star were to make the eruption, it would probably have discharged its hydrogen decades before the explosion.” Or, in another new theory, the star may have a companion star that removes the hydrogen layer of its outer layer before it explodes. 12. What does the author say about a supernova? A It marks the death of a star. B. It is a gas explosion in nature. C. It serves as a source of energy. D. It is the world’s largest explosion. 13. How is paragraph 2 mainly developed? A. By giving examples. B. By analyzing causes. C. By making comparisons. D. By making classifications. 14. Why is the star lacking in hydrogen before 2019yvr according to Kilpatrick? A. It has a very small mass. B. It may get hydrogen released in advance. C. Its outer layer is unusually hot. D. Its companion star absorbs all the hydrogen. 15. Which can be a suitable title for the text? A. How does a supernova come into being? B. The secret of stars’ being put to death. C. Why do stars lose mass before they explode? D. An exploding star breaking supernova rules. 2.（湖北省黄冈市2025-2026学年高三上学期1月期末英语试题 ，D篇） For the first time ever, a powerful laser（激光）beam from Earth has reportedly hit a target deep in space. It could be the key to lightning-fast space communication in the future. Imagine trying to aim at something a distance of a strand（股）of hair from a distance of 10km. That's roughly equivalent to what Chinese researchers have achieved, using a laser in space to target a distant satellite orbiting the Moon. Aerospace engineers of the Beijing-based Academy of Sciences have struck a satellite with an infrared（红外）laser in broad daylight and across a distance of 130,000 km. The powerful laser beam hit a reflector on Tiandu-1, a Chinese lunar navigation and communications test satellite, which was launched in March 2024. The signal was returned to Earth in less than a second, captured by a telescope in Yunnan in South-Western China. It is the first time ever that engineers have managed to accurately locate and measure a satellite so far away and to do so in daylight, when sunlight usually interferes with measurements. In similar earlier efforts, researchers had been able to collect data for only short periods of time. But by demonstrating that the technology also works in sunlight, the researchers have now shown that the method could enable much more frequent and accurate measurements in space. The method could also be used to revolutionize communications in space. Currently we use radio waves to send messages to places such as Mars, but lasers could send greatly increased quantities of data in the same time. The technology could pave the way for lightning-fast contact with future bases on the Moon—and perhaps one day on Mars. Stable laser links in space can reportedly send data to and from Earth up to 100 times faster than can radio waves, perhaps an important boost to communication with future astronauts on the Moon and Mars. 32. What did the Chinese researchers successfully make the laser beam reach? A. A lunar base under construction. B. A Mars exploration spacecraft. C. A reflective device on a test satellite. D. A ground telescope in Yunnan. 33. What makes the Chinese engineers’ achievement particularly remarkable? A. Locating a so-distant satellite precisely in daylight. B. Launching a Moon-orbiting satellite 130,000 km away. C. Getting the signal returned to Earth in a second. D. Using an infrared laser for the first time successfully. 34. What can be inferred about radio waves in space communication? A. They are unable to reach Mars from Earth. B. They will soon be replaced by laser technology. C. They have lower data transmission capacity than lasers. D. They are more easily interfered with by sunlight than lasers. 35. Which of the following is the most suitable title for the text? A. A Historic Laser Strike: Targeting the Moon B. Tiandu-1 Satellite: Bridging Earth and the Moon C. Radio Waves: The Future of Space Communication D. China‘’s Laser: A Leap for Deep-Space Communication 学科网（北京）股份限公司1 / 31zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $