热点话题04 猪肾脏移植实验——生物科学研究（阅读理解专练）英语高考复习通用版

热点话题04 猪肾脏移植实验——生物科学研究 目录 时文精读------------------------------------------------------------精选外刊原创阅读理解 【原创·阅读理解】 【课标词汇积累】 【课标词汇训练】 【参考译文】 好题精练----------------------------------------------------------精选名校及联考话题专练 【阅读理解】 【阅读7选5】 【完形填空】 【语法填空】 时文精读 读 【话题·导语】 纽约某医院的医生们已启动一项试验计划，旨在验证特制猪肾是否可替代人类肾脏。该试验结果有望帮助数千名等待新肾移植的患者。 【原文·时文阅读】 文章来源：外文网站文章改编 Transplanted organs usually come from people who have died, but who wanted their organs to be used to help other people live. But there are far more patients with kidney trouble than there are kidneys. For years, scientists have tried to figure out how to transplant organs from other animals into humans. This is hard because the human body almost always rejects something that isn’t its own. More recently, scientists have focused on transplants from pigs. In many ways, pigs’ bodies are similar to humans. It’s fairly easy to raise pigs, and they grow quickly. To prevent pig organs from being rejected by the patient’s body, scientists have been experimenting with “gene editing” to change the pig’s DNA. Scientists have made several changes to the pig’s DNA, and even added some things normally found in human DNA. Some kidneys have come from pigs with as many as 69 changes to their DNA. In the last few years, these methods have led to greatly improved results. Early pig transplants were successful, but only for a short time. But in 2024, a woman lived with a pig kidney for over four months before going on dialysis again. Tim Andrews is a 67-year-old man.He set a new record by living with a pig kidney for nearly nine months before going back on dialysis. Mr. Andrews is still waiting for a human transplant, but his long success with a pig kidney has encouraged many people. The pig transplant trial program could help scientists answer a lot of questions. It will provide new information about the safety – as well as the challenges – of the process. It will also teach them about which gene edits work best. Most importantly, it could help them discover how to help patients live longer with pig transplants. 【原创·阅读理解】（299words） 1.Why do scientists try to transplant organs from other animals into humans? A.Because pigs’ bodies are similar to humans. B.Because It is fairly easy to raise pigs C.Because there are fewer kidneys than patients. D.Because they want to do some experiments. 2.Why do the Scientists change the pig’s DNA? A.To stop pig organs from being rejected. B. To Raise pigs as many as possible. C. To make the pigs grow quickly. D.To meet the people’s need. 3.Which word has the similar meaning with the underlined word “dialysis”? A.Analysis B.Emphasis C. Purification D.Indication 4.What does the writer think of the pig transplant trial program? A.Practical. B.Helpful C.Useless. D.Doubtful. 【课标词汇积累】 1.transplant vt.移植, 移种, 移植（器官、皮肤、头发等）; n.移植, 移植物, 移植者; vi.迁移, 移居 After the school basketball team's captain was injured, the coach decided to transplant a new leadership strategy by assigning the role to a sophomore player, which surprisingly boosted the team's morale. （校篮球队队长受伤后，教练决定“移植”新的领导策略，将队长职务交给一名高二学生，意外提升了团队士气。） 2.kidney n.肾，肾脏, （可食用的动物的）腰子, 脾气，性格 The school's charity week raised funds for a kidney disease patient, teaching students the value of empathy beyond textbooks. （校园慈善周为一名“肾脏”疾病患者筹款，让学生学到课本外的同理心。） 3. reject v.拒绝考虑, 摈弃, 不录用, 不出版, 冷漠对待n.残次品, 不合格者 The debate club had to reject the proposal of canceling practice sessions, emphasizing that persistence is key to overcoming stage fright. （辩论社不得不“拒绝”取消训练课的提议，强调坚持是克服怯场的关键。） 4.successful adj.成功的 The successful launch of the student-led coding club proved that passion could bridge the gap between limited resources and innovation. （学生主导的编程社“成功”成立，证明热情能弥补资源与创新间的差距。） 5.challenge n.挑战, 比赛邀请, 质疑; v.对…怀疑, 挑战，考验, 盘问 Adapting to a dormitory life with roommates from different backgrounds became an unexpected challenge for introverted Emma. （适应与不同背景室友的宿舍生活，成为内向艾玛的意外“挑战”。） 6.encourage v.鼓励, 使有希望, 劝说, 促进 Teachers encourage students to annotate textbooks with personalized symbols, turning passive reading into active learning. （老师“鼓励”学生用个性化符号标注课本，将被动阅读转化为主动学习。） 7.record n.记录，记载, 唱片, v.记录；记载, 录制, 标明，显示; adj.创纪录的 Breaking the school's 100-meter sprint record became possible when Jason trained with a customized app. （杰森用定制APP训练后，打破校百米短跑“纪录”成为可能。） 8.normally adv.通常, 正常地 Normally, the library is quiet, but during exam weeks, it transforms into a 24/7 collaborative learning hub. （“通常”图书馆很安静，但考试周它会变成全天候协作学习中心。） 9. focus v. 集中；调焦；聚焦；集中光束； n. 焦点；中心点；聚焦点；焦距；（使）集中目光；（使）逐渐聚焦 Her ability to focus on math problems while her classmates chatted earned her the nickname "The Zen Master." （同学聊天时她仍能“专注”数学题，因此得名“禅修大师”。） 10.patient n. 病人，患者 adj. 有耐心的，能忍耐的 Being patient with slow-learners in group projects, Sarah discovered that teaching others solidified her own knowledge. （在小组项目中“耐心”对待学得慢的同学，莎拉发现教别人能巩固自己的知识。） 【课标词汇训练】 根据语境，从上面的“课标词汇”中选用合适的单词及其正确形式将句子补充完整。 1.The biology club plans to _____________ the experiment of growing hydroponic vegetables into the school's greenhouse to study plant adaptation. （生物社计划将水培蔬菜实验“移植”到学校温室，研究植物适应性。） 2.In the anatomy class, the teacher used a vivid model to explain how a _____________ filters waste, comparing it to students filtering useless information during exams. （解剖课上，老师用生动模型解释“肾脏”过滤废物的过程，比喻为学生考试时筛选无用信息。） 3.When her poem was _____________ by the school magazine, Lisa revised it ten times until it was finally published. （当诗歌被校刊“拒绝”后，丽莎修改了十遍直至最终发表。） 4.His _____________ balance between choir rehearsals and final exams became a time-management case study for freshmen. （他在合唱排练与期末考试间“成功”平衡，成为新生时间管理案例。） 5.The physics Olympiad was a tough _____________, but Mark found joy in solving problems that even textbooks couldn't cover. （物理奥赛是严峻“挑战”，但马克从解决课本未涵盖的难题中获得乐趣。） 6.The principal's speech about failing the college entrance exam but winning in life _____________ the graduating class. （校长关于高考失利但人生赢家的演讲“鼓舞”了毕业班。） 7.The chemistry lab requires students to _____________ every step in detail, cultivating scientific rigor since high school. （化学实验室要求学生详细“记录”每个步骤，从高中培养科学严谨性。） 8.While _____________ hesitant to speak up, Tom delivered a flawless presentation after joining the drama club. （尽管“通常”不善言辞，加入戏剧社后汤姆完成了完美演讲。） 9.The "phone-free zone" policy in study halls helps students _____________ on revising without digital distractions. （自习室“手机禁用区”政策帮助学生“专注”复习，避免数字干扰。） 10.The counselor reminded anxious seniors that college applications demand_____________ research rather than rushed decisions. （辅导员提醒焦虑的高三生，大学申请需要“耐心”研究而非仓促决定。） 【参考译文】 移植器官通常来源于已故但希望其器官用于帮助他人存活的捐献者。然而，肾功能障碍患者数量远超可用肾脏数量。 多年来，科学家一直致力于探索如何将其他动物的器官移植到人体内。这一过程具有挑战性，因为人体几乎总是会排斥非自身组织。近年来，研究重点转向猪源器官移植。从多方面来看，猪与人类具有相似性，猪的饲养相对简便，且生长周期较短。 为防止猪器官被患者机体排斥，科学家们一直在尝试通过“基因编辑”技术改变猪的DNA。研究人员已对猪的DNA进行了多项修改，甚至添加了某些通常存在于人类DNA中的序列。部分肾脏取自DNA修改次数高达69次的猪。 近年来，这些方法已取得显著改善。早期猪肾移植虽获成功，但仅维持短期效果。然而2024年，一名女性患者在移植猪肾后存活超过四个月，之后再次接受透析治疗。 蒂姆·安德鲁斯（Tim Andrews）是一名67岁男性。他创下了一项新纪录——在停止透析前，他依靠猪肾维持了近九个月的生命。安德鲁斯先生目前仍在等待人类肾脏移植，但其长期使用猪肾的成功案例已激励了众多患者。 猪移植试验项目可帮助科学家解答诸多问题。该项目将提供关于该过程安全性及挑战的新信息，同时指导科学家确定哪些基因编辑方案效果最佳。最重要的是，该项目可能帮助科学家发现如何通过猪移植技术延长患者生存期。 好题精练 练 Passage1阅读理解 （2026·江苏省南京市七校联合体联考） The shortage of transplantable organs is a major global medical challenge, but a medical team from China seems to have found one of the most promising solutions to this problem. “Here, we report a case of pig-to-human lung xenotransplantation (异种移植), in which a lung from a pig was transplanted into a 39-year-old brain-dead male human recipient following a brain haemorrhage (大出血),” the researchers wrote in a study published in the journal Nature Medicine. Before the procedure, the scientists edited six genes of the pig to remove proteins that could trigger severe immune responses in humans, thus reducing rejection risks. In the experimental surgery, the team transplanted the left lung of the gene-edited pig into a brain-dead man, while leaving his original right lung undamaged. Post-surgery monitoring showed the transplanted lung maintained gas exchange functions for up to nine days, without signs of immediate rejection or active infection. However, complications emerged: lung edema (水肿) was observed within 24 hours, and antibody-mediated rejection appeared on day 6, leading to the ending of the experiment on day 9. International experts praised the achievement as a “milestone” in addressing the global shortage of lung donors, though they noted that further research is needed to improve gene editing and immunosuppressive (免疫抑制的) therapies before clinical application. Xenotransplantation technology holds great significance. Taking pigs as donors for xenotransplantation as an example, pig organs are similar to human organs in terms of tissue structure and physiological functions. Meanwhile, pigs have a relatively distant genetic relationship with humans, which reduces the risk of transmitting zoonotic diseases. Additionally, pigs have the advantages of low breeding costs, rich varieties, and excellent reproductive capabilities, making them ideal candidate donors for xenotransplantation. If this technology can be successfully developed and widely applied, it will effectively ease the severe global shortage of organ donors, bringing new hope to a large number of patients waiting for organ transplants and giving them the opportunity to regain their lives. 1．What can we learn from the first three paragraphs? A．The shortage of transplantable organs will soon be solved. B．A lung from a pig saved a brain-dead male human recipient. C．A Chinese medical team saved a man from brain haemorrhage. D．Special gene editing is necessary to reduce potential rejection risks. 2．Which statement about the lung transplant is true? A．It was a total failure and needed more research. B．It was the first case of organ xenotransplantation. C．Lung edema and rejection led to the ending of the experiment. D．The transplanted lung failed to exchange gas in the man’s body. 3．What is the attitude of international experts towards this experiment? A．Negative. B．Positive. C．Doubtful. D．Objective. 4．What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A．Pigs are genetically similar to humans. B．Pigs are perfect for xenotransplantation. C．Xenotransplantation technology is of great importance. D．Xenotransplantation technology still has a long way to go. Passage2阅读理解 （2026·江苏省盐城市七校联盟第二次联考） Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. A transplant (移植) is the only treatment available to patients with end-stage heart failure, but there is a severe shortage of heart donors. That means there’s an urgent need to develop new ways to regenerate a diseased heart. Now the good news is that the world’s first complete 3D-printed heart, made using the patient’s own cells and materials, has been created in a lab. Until now, success has been limited to printing only simple tissues without blood vessels (血管). “This is the first time anyone has successfully printed an entire heart anywhere,” said team leader Tal Dvir. The 3D-printed heart is only about a third the size of an actual human heart and it doesn’t actually work. But it’s a groundbreaking step toward engineering customized (定制的) organs that can be transplanted with less risk of rejection. Dvir noted that scientists have managed to print a 3D structure of a heart before, but not with cells or blood vessels. The use of biological materials from a patient is key to successful engineering of tissues and organs. Ideally, the biomaterial should possess the same biochemical and mechanical properties of the patients’ own tissues. This way, their bodies will be less likely to reject the organ, making transplants much safer. While the 3D-printed heart is about a third the size of a human heart, the same technology can be used to print a normal-sized one. The team’s next step is to culture (培养) printed hearts in the lab and “teach them to behave” like real hearts. Then, researchers plan to transplant the 3D-printed heart into lab animals. “Our results demonstrate the potential of our approach to engineering personalized tissue and organ replacement in the future,” Dvir said. “Maybe in 10 years, there will be organ printers in the finest hospitals around the world, and these procedures will be conducted routinely.” 5．What can be inferred from the world’s first complete 3D-printed heart? A．It makes organ transplants risk-free. B．It bridges gaps in biological organ printing. C．It solves the donor shortage for heart transplants. D．It has the same properties as natural heart tissues. 6．What does Dvir imply about the previous 3D-printed heart structures in paragraph 3? A．They were ready for transplant to animals. B．They matched the size of real human hearts. C．They lacked cell-based biological components. D．They contained complete blood vessel networks. 7．What will Dvir’s team do in the future? A．They will first test printed hearts on humans. B．They will focus on curing early heart failure. C．They will change the biological materials used. D．They will improve the heart’s functional performance. 8．What’s Dvir’s attitude towards the 3D printing technology? A．Positive. B．Doubtful. C．Negative. D．Indifferent. Passage 3 阅读七选五 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2026·河北省石家庄市正定中学开学） Doctors have successfully kept a heart beating in a container for 24 hours, bringing hope to thousands of patients across the world in need of a life-saving transplant. 1 However, the "game-changing" device can preserve a heart up to six times longer than existing methods. It provides the heart with oxygen and vital nutrients, allowing more time to transport it. The device, named ULiSSES, fits into a carry-on box, so hearts can be flown around the world. 2 And it is expected to cost under $ 100,000. University of Texas researchers have successfully tested on pig hearts, which are similar to ours. 3 Dr. Rafael Veraza presented the findings on pig hearts at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Seattle. " 4 Many years later, it is done much the same way," Dr. Veraza said. "Donated hearts generally remain viable (可存活的) for around four hours using traditional preservation methods. 5 Being able to keep a heart viable for 24 hours means you could transport it almost anywhere in the world, and this could save many lives." A．It is expected to come into use soon. B．The extra time could bring more hope to patients. C．Usually, a donated heart can only last about four hours. D．It works without being affected by temperature or air pressure. E．The pig hearts remained viable for 24 hours after they were removed. F．The first heart was transported more than 50 years ago by putting it on ice. G．They plan to test it on human hearts in three months and put it on the market within a year. Passage 4 完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。（2026·山东省临沂市高三期中） When Dr. Nick Mondek learned his cancer had returned this spring, he didn’t know that his10-year-old son Stephen would eventually become his lifesaving hero. Mondek, a Los Angeles father of two, had previously 1 chemotherapy and a stem cell transplant for acute blood cancer. His older brother Dave had 2 his stem cells to him in 2022. This time, instead Mondek turned to 3 family members and the National Bone Marrow Registry, but he didn’t find any suitable 4 . “It was so serious that I needed a donor immediately, but there was no one 5 ,” Mondek said. People with acute blood cancer typically need treatment sooner than later, as the cancer may 6 quickly. Doctors may treat the cancer in various ways, but for Mondek, another stem cell transplant 7 being his last hope after chemotherapy and radiation. “I wasn’t sure if my son would be the one, but I did bring it up to my 8 ,” Mondek recalled. “Could a 9-year-old who’s only 70 pounds potentially get us 9 stem cells to make this a successful transplant?” As a doctor and parent, Mondek didn’t want Stephen to feel obliged or 10 . He didn’t even tell Stephen they were down to him as their last 11 . Starting the conversation with his young son was “nerve-wracking” but ultimately led to the best 12 . “Would you consider potentially getting 13 to see if maybe you could be a donor?” Mondek asked. Without 14 , Stephen, described as a “shy” and “quiet” boy, said, When do we go? Doctors at Cedars-Sinai successfully 15 stem cells from Stephen, and Mondek received his second stem cell transplant on July 30. Both father and son are now out of the hospital. Mondek said, Stephen is doing great. He is my hero. 1．A．developed B．undergone C．tolerated D．prescribed 2．A．donated B．submitted C．assigned D．sacrificed 3．A．concerned B．extended C．close D．anxious 4．A．cure B．measure C．match D．method 5．A．dependable B．qualified C．willing D．available 6．A．recover B．occur C．transform D．worsen 7．A．ended up B．accounted for C．cared about D．held on 8．A．physician B．advisor C．colleague D．nurse 9．A．healthy B．effective C．enough D．suitable 10．A．troubled B．separated C．forced D．occupied 11．A．destination B．option C．schedule D．stage 12．A．experience B．outcome C．discovery D．treatment 13．A．started B．volunteered C．inspired D．tested 14．A．hesitation B．preparation C．patience D．negotiation 15．A．borrowed B．delivered C．pumped D．extracted Passage 5 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Last Friday, doctors at the University of Maryland Medical Center successfully replaced 1 heart of a very sick man with a specially-grown pig’s heart. It is the first time that doctors 2 (do) this surgery by now. After three days, the patient appears to be doing very well. Dr. Bartley Griffith who is the first surgeon 3 ( perform ) the operation, said this had never been done before. David Bennett, 57, is the man offered the heart. He was given special 4 (permit) to have the unusual operation because without it, he would have died. Transplants (移植) usually come from people who have died, but want 5 (they) organs to be used to help other people live. There are far 6 (large) numbers of patients who need organs than those of organs. Over 3,800 Americans got heart transplants last year. But there are 7 (rough) 110,000 people who are waiting for some kind of transplant. For years, scientists have tried to figure out 8 they transplant organs from other animals into humans. This is hard because the human body almost always rejects something that isn’t its own. Muhammad is one of the 9 (doctor) who helped perform the surgery. He’s been working to develop methods to help prevent pig organs 10 being rejected in humans. Doctors are watching Mr. Bennett’s recovery. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 10 / 22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 热点话题04 猪肾脏移植实验——生物科学研究 目录 时文精读------------------------------------------------------------精选外刊原创阅读理解 【原创·阅读理解】 【课标词汇积累】 【课标词汇训练】 【参考译文】 好题精练----------------------------------------------------------精选名校及联考话题专练 【阅读理解】 【阅读7选5】 【完形填空】 【语法填空】 时文精读 读 【话题·导语】 纽约某医院的医生们已启动一项试验计划，旨在验证特制猪肾是否可替代人类肾脏。该试验结果有望帮助数千名等待新肾移植的患者。 【原文·时文阅读】 文章来源：外文网站 Transplanted organs usually come from people who have died, but who wanted their organs to be used to help other people live. But there are far more patients with kidney trouble than there are kidneys. For years, scientists have tried to figure out how to transplant organs from other animals into humans. This is hard because the human body almost always rejects something that isn’t its own. More recently, scientists have focused on transplants from pigs. In many ways, pigs’ bodies are similar to humans. It’s fairly easy to raise pigs, and they grow quickly. To prevent pig organs from being rejected by the patient’s body, scientists have been experimenting with “gene editing” to change the pig’s DNA. Scientists have made several changes to the pig’s DNA, and even added some things normally found in human DNA. Some kidneys have come from pigs with as many as 69 changes to their DNA. In the last few years, these methods have led to greatly improved results. Early pig transplants were successful, but only for a short time. But in 2024, a woman lived with a pig kidney for over four months before going on dialysis again. Tim Andrews is a 67-year-old man.He set a new record by living with a pig kidney for nearly nine months before going back on dialysis. Mr. Andrews is still waiting for a human transplant, but his long success with a pig kidney has encouraged many people. The pig transplant trial program could help scientists answer a lot of questions. It will provide new information about the safety – as well as the challenges – of the process. It will also teach them about which gene edits work best. Most importantly, it could help them discover how to help patients live longer with pig transplants. 【原创·阅读理解】（299words） 1.Why do scientists try to transplant organs from other animals into humans? A.Because pigs’ bodies are similar to humans. B.Because It is fairly easy to raise pigs C.Because there are fewer kidneys than patients. D.Because they want to do some experiments. C考查细节理解题。根据文章中的But there are far more patients with kidney trouble than there are kidneys.（但肾脏功能障碍患者数量远多于肾脏数量）。可知C正确。它是文章内容的同义句改写。 2.Why do the Scientists change the pig’s DNA? A.To stop pig organs from being rejected. B. To Raise pigs as many as possible. C. To make the pigs grow quickly. D.To meet the people’s need. A细节理解题。根据文章中的To prevent pig organs from being rejected by the patient’s body, scientists have been experimenting with “gene editing” to change the pig’s DNA.（为防止猪器官被患者机体排斥，科学家们一直在尝试通过“基因编辑”技术改变猪的DNA。）可知选A。故选A。 3.Which word has the similar meaning with the underlined word “dialysis”? A.Analysis B.Emphasis C. Purification D.Indication C猜测词义题。根据文章中的Tim Andrews is a 67-year-old man.He set a new record by living with a pig kidney for nearly nine months before going back on dialysis. 可知，手术后9个月，又回到了——。故选C。此处指血液清洗，也就是透析。 4.What does the writer think of the pig transplant trial program? A.Practical. B.Helpful C.Useless. D.Doubtful. B考查作者的态度和看法。根据文章中的It will also teach them about which gene edits work best. Most importantly, it could help them discover how to help patients live longer with pig transplants.（该技术还将指导他们确定哪些基因编辑方案效果最佳。最重要的是，它可能帮助他们发现如何通过猪源移植延长患者生存期。）可知B正确。 transplant kidney reject successful challenge encourage record normally focus patient 【课标词汇积累】 1.transplant vt.移植, 移种, 移植（器官、皮肤、头发等）; n.移植, 移植物, 移植者; vi.迁移, 移居 After the school basketball team's captain was injured, the coach decided to transplant a new leadership strategy by assigning the role to a sophomore player, which surprisingly boosted the team's morale. （校篮球队队长受伤后，教练决定“移植”新的领导策略，将队长职务交给一名高二学生，意外提升了团队士气。） 2.kidney n.肾，肾脏, （可食用的动物的）腰子, 脾气，性格 The school's charity week raised funds for a kidney disease patient, teaching students the value of empathy beyond textbooks. （校园慈善周为一名“肾脏”疾病患者筹款，让学生学到课本外的同理心。） 3. reject v.拒绝考虑, 摈弃, 不录用, 不出版, 冷漠对待n.残次品, 不合格者 The debate club had to reject the proposal of canceling practice sessions, emphasizing that persistence is key to overcoming stage fright. （辩论社不得不“拒绝”取消训练课的提议，强调坚持是克服怯场的关键。） 4.successful adj.成功的 The successful launch of the student-led coding club proved that passion could bridge the gap between limited resources and innovation. （学生主导的编程社“成功”成立，证明热情能弥补资源与创新间的差距。） 5.challenge n.挑战, 比赛邀请, 质疑; v.对…怀疑, 挑战，考验, 盘问 Adapting to a dormitory life with roommates from different backgrounds became an unexpected challenge for introverted Emma. （适应与不同背景室友的宿舍生活，成为内向艾玛的意外“挑战”。） 6.encourage v.鼓励, 使有希望, 劝说, 促进 Teachers encourage students to annotate textbooks with personalized symbols, turning passive reading into active learning. （老师“鼓励”学生用个性化符号标注课本，将被动阅读转化为主动学习。） 7.record n.记录，记载, 唱片, v.记录；记载, 录制, 标明，显示; adj.创纪录的 Breaking the school's 100-meter sprint record became possible when Jason trained with a customized app. （杰森用定制APP训练后，打破校百米短跑“纪录”成为可能。） 8.normally adv.通常, 正常地 Normally, the library is quiet, but during exam weeks, it transforms into a 24/7 collaborative learning hub. （“通常”图书馆很安静，但考试周它会变成全天候协作学习中心。） 9. focus v. 集中；调焦；聚焦；集中光束； n. 焦点；中心点；聚焦点；焦距；（使）集中目光；（使）逐渐聚焦 Her ability to focus on math problems while her classmates chatted earned her the nickname "The Zen Master." （同学聊天时她仍能“专注”数学题，因此得名“禅修大师”。） 10.patient n. 病人，患者 adj. 有耐心的，能忍耐的 Being patient with slow-learners in group projects, Sarah discovered that teaching others solidified her own knowledge. （在小组项目中“耐心”对待学得慢的同学，莎拉发现教别人能巩固自己的知识。） 【课标词汇训练】 根据语境，从上面的“课标词汇”中选用合适的单词及其正确形式将句子补充完整。 1.The biology club plans to _____________ the experiment of growing hydroponic vegetables into the school's greenhouse to study plant adaptation. （生物社计划将水培蔬菜实验“移植”到学校温室，研究植物适应性。） 2.In the anatomy class, the teacher used a vivid model to explain how a _____________ filters waste, comparing it to students filtering useless information during exams. （解剖课上，老师用生动模型解释“肾脏”过滤废物的过程，比喻为学生考试时筛选无用信息。） 3.When her poem was _____________ by the school magazine, Lisa revised it ten times until it was finally published. （当诗歌被校刊“拒绝”后，丽莎修改了十遍直至最终发表。） 4.His _____________ balance between choir rehearsals and final exams became a time-management case study for freshmen. （他在合唱排练与期末考试间“成功”平衡，成为新生时间管理案例。） 5.The physics Olympiad was a tough _____________, but Mark found joy in solving problems that even textbooks couldn't cover. （物理奥赛是严峻“挑战”，但马克从解决课本未涵盖的难题中获得乐趣。） 6.The principal's speech about failing the college entrance exam but winning in life _____________ the graduating class. （校长关于高考失利但人生赢家的演讲“鼓舞”了毕业班。） 7.The chemistry lab requires students to _____________ every step in detail, cultivating scientific rigor since high school. （化学实验室要求学生详细“记录”每个步骤，从高中培养科学严谨性。） 8.While _____________ hesitant to speak up, Tom delivered a flawless presentation after joining the drama club. （尽管“通常”不善言辞，加入戏剧社后汤姆完成了完美演讲。） 9.The "phone-free zone" policy in study halls helps students _____________ on revising without digital distractions. （自习室“手机禁用区”政策帮助学生“专注”复习，避免数字干扰。） 10.The counselor reminded anxious seniors that college applications demand_____________ research rather than rushed decisions. （辅导员提醒焦虑的高三生，大学申请需要“耐心”研究而非仓促决定。） Keys: 1.transplant 2.kidney 3.rejected 4.successful 5.challenge 6.encouraged 7.record 8.normally 9.focus 10.patient 【参考译文】 移植器官通常来源于已故但希望其器官用于帮助他人存活的捐献者。然而，肾功能障碍患者数量远超可用肾脏数量。 多年来，科学家一直致力于探索如何将其他动物的器官移植到人体内。这一过程具有挑战性，因为人体几乎总是会排斥非自身组织。近年来，研究重点转向猪源器官移植。从多方面来看，猪与人类具有相似性，猪的饲养相对简便，且生长周期较短。 为防止猪器官被患者机体排斥，科学家们一直在尝试通过“基因编辑”技术改变猪的DNA。研究人员已对猪的DNA进行了多项修改，甚至添加了某些通常存在于人类DNA中的序列。部分肾脏取自DNA修改次数高达69次的猪。 近年来，这些方法已取得显著改善。早期猪肾移植虽获成功，但仅维持短期效果。然而2024年，一名女性患者在移植猪肾后存活超过四个月，之后再次接受透析治疗。 蒂姆·安德鲁斯（Tim Andrews）是一名67岁男性。他创下了一项新纪录——在停止透析前，他依靠猪肾维持了近九个月的生命。安德鲁斯先生目前仍在等待人类肾脏移植，但其长期使用猪肾的成功案例已激励了众多患者。 猪移植试验项目可帮助科学家解答诸多问题。该项目将提供关于该过程安全性及挑战的新信息，同时指导科学家确定哪些基因编辑方案效果最佳。最重要的是，该项目可能帮助科学家发现如何通过猪移植技术延长患者生存期。 好题精练 练 Passage1阅读理解 （2026·江苏省南京市七校联合体联考） The shortage of transplantable organs is a major global medical challenge, but a medical team from China seems to have found one of the most promising solutions to this problem. “Here, we report a case of pig-to-human lung xenotransplantation (异种移植), in which a lung from a pig was transplanted into a 39-year-old brain-dead male human recipient following a brain haemorrhage (大出血),” the researchers wrote in a study published in the journal Nature Medicine. Before the procedure, the scientists edited six genes of the pig to remove proteins that could trigger severe immune responses in humans, thus reducing rejection risks. In the experimental surgery, the team transplanted the left lung of the gene-edited pig into a brain-dead man, while leaving his original right lung undamaged. Post-surgery monitoring showed the transplanted lung maintained gas exchange functions for up to nine days, without signs of immediate rejection or active infection. However, complications emerged: lung edema (水肿) was observed within 24 hours, and antibody-mediated rejection appeared on day 6, leading to the ending of the experiment on day 9. International experts praised the achievement as a “milestone” in addressing the global shortage of lung donors, though they noted that further research is needed to improve gene editing and immunosuppressive (免疫抑制的) therapies before clinical application. Xenotransplantation technology holds great significance. Taking pigs as donors for xenotransplantation as an example, pig organs are similar to human organs in terms of tissue structure and physiological functions. Meanwhile, pigs have a relatively distant genetic relationship with humans, which reduces the risk of transmitting zoonotic diseases. Additionally, pigs have the advantages of low breeding costs, rich varieties, and excellent reproductive capabilities, making them ideal candidate donors for xenotransplantation. If this technology can be successfully developed and widely applied, it will effectively ease the severe global shortage of organ donors, bringing new hope to a large number of patients waiting for organ transplants and giving them the opportunity to regain their lives. 1．What can we learn from the first three paragraphs? A．The shortage of transplantable organs will soon be solved. B．A lung from a pig saved a brain-dead male human recipient. C．A Chinese medical team saved a man from brain haemorrhage. D．Special gene editing is necessary to reduce potential rejection risks. 2．Which statement about the lung transplant is true? A．It was a total failure and needed more research. B．It was the first case of organ xenotransplantation. C．Lung edema and rejection led to the ending of the experiment. D．The transplanted lung failed to exchange gas in the man’s body. 3．What is the attitude of international experts towards this experiment? A．Negative. B．Positive. C．Doubtful. D．Objective. 4．What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A．Pigs are genetically similar to humans. B．Pigs are perfect for xenotransplantation. C．Xenotransplantation technology is of great importance. D．Xenotransplantation technology still has a long way to go. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．C 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国医疗团队进行猪肺异种移植实验及该技术意义。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“Before the procedure, the scientists edited six genes of the pig to remove proteins that could trigger severe immune responses in humans, thus reducing rejection risks.(在手术前，科学家们编辑了猪的六个基因，以去除可能引发人类严重免疫反应的蛋白质，从而降低排斥风险。)”可知，特殊的基因编辑对于降低潜在的排斥风险是必要的。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第五段“However, complications emerged: lung edema (水肿) was observed within 24 hours, and antibody-mediated rejection appeared on day 6, leading to the ending of the experiment on day 9.(然而，出现了并发症：24小时内观察到肺水肿，第6天出现抗体介导的排斥反应，导致实验在第9天结束。)”可知，肺水肿和排斥反应导致实验结束。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据第六段“International experts praised the achievement as a “milestone” in addressing the global shortage of lung donors, though they noted that further research is needed to improve gene editing and immunosuppressive (免疫抑制的) therapies before clinical application.(国际专家称赞这一成就是解决全球肺供体短缺问题的一个“里程碑”，尽管他们指出，在临床应用之前，还需要进一步研究以改进基因编辑和免疫抑制疗法。)”可知，专家既肯定了成果，又指出了不足，态度客观。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Xenotransplantation technology holds great significance. Taking pigs as donors for xenotransplantation as an example, pig organs are similar to human organs in terms of tissue structure and physiological functions. Meanwhile, pigs have a relatively distant genetic relationship with humans, which reduces the risk of transmitting zoonotic diseases. Additionally, pigs have the advantages of low breeding costs, rich varieties, and excellent reproductive capabilities, making them ideal candidate donors for xenotransplantation. If this technology can be successfully developed and widely applied, it will effectively ease the severe global shortage of organ donors, bringing new hope to a large number of patients waiting for organ transplants and giving them the opportunity to regain their lives.(异种移植技术具有重要意义。以猪作为异种移植的供体为例，猪的器官在组织结构和生理功能上与人类器官相似。同时，猪与人类的遗传关系相对较远，这降低了传播人兽共患病的风险。此外，猪具有繁殖成本低、品种丰富、繁殖能力强等优点，是异种移植的理想候选供体。如果这项技术能够成功开发并广泛应用，将有效缓解全球器官供体严重短缺的问题，为大量等待器官移植的患者带来新的希望，让他们有机会重获新生。)”可知，最后一段主要讲述了异种移植技术的重要性。故选C。 Passage2阅读理解 （2026·江苏省盐城市七校联盟第二次联考） Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. A transplant (移植) is the only treatment available to patients with end-stage heart failure, but there is a severe shortage of heart donors. That means there’s an urgent need to develop new ways to regenerate a diseased heart. Now the good news is that the world’s first complete 3D-printed heart, made using the patient’s own cells and materials, has been created in a lab. Until now, success has been limited to printing only simple tissues without blood vessels (血管). “This is the first time anyone has successfully printed an entire heart anywhere,” said team leader Tal Dvir. The 3D-printed heart is only about a third the size of an actual human heart and it doesn’t actually work. But it’s a groundbreaking step toward engineering customized (定制的) organs that can be transplanted with less risk of rejection. Dvir noted that scientists have managed to print a 3D structure of a heart before, but not with cells or blood vessels. The use of biological materials from a patient is key to successful engineering of tissues and organs. Ideally, the biomaterial should possess the same biochemical and mechanical properties of the patients’ own tissues. This way, their bodies will be less likely to reject the organ, making transplants much safer. While the 3D-printed heart is about a third the size of a human heart, the same technology can be used to print a normal-sized one. The team’s next step is to culture (培养) printed hearts in the lab and “teach them to behave” like real hearts. Then, researchers plan to transplant the 3D-printed heart into lab animals. “Our results demonstrate the potential of our approach to engineering personalized tissue and organ replacement in the future,” Dvir said. “Maybe in 10 years, there will be organ printers in the finest hospitals around the world, and these procedures will be conducted routinely.” 5．What can be inferred from the world’s first complete 3D-printed heart? A．It makes organ transplants risk-free. B．It bridges gaps in biological organ printing. C．It solves the donor shortage for heart transplants. D．It has the same properties as natural heart tissues. 6．What does Dvir imply about the previous 3D-printed heart structures in paragraph 3? A．They were ready for transplant to animals. B．They matched the size of real human hearts. C．They lacked cell-based biological components. D．They contained complete blood vessel networks. 7．What will Dvir’s team do in the future? A．They will first test printed hearts on humans. B．They will focus on curing early heart failure. C．They will change the biological materials used. D．They will improve the heart’s functional performance. 8．What’s Dvir’s attitude towards the 3D printing technology? A．Positive. B．Doubtful. C．Negative. D．Indifferent. 【答案】5．B 6．C 7．D 8．A 【解析】本文是一篇科技类说明文，主要介绍了世界上首个利用患者自身细胞和材料3D打印的完整心脏的突破性进展，并展望了该技术在器官移植领域的应用前景。 5．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Until now, success has been limited to printing only simple tissues without blood vessels (血管). “This is the first time anyone has successfully printed an entire heart anywhere,” said team leader Tal Dvir.(到目前为止，所取得的成果仅仅是能够打印出不含血管的简单组织。团队负责人塔尔·德维尔表示：“这是首次有人在某地成功打印出完整的心脏。”)”可知，这是首次有人成功打印出完整心脏，此前仅能打印无血管的简单组织，因此推断该成果填补了生物器官打印的空白。故选B。 6．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Dvir noted that scientists have managed to print a 3D structure of a heart before, but not with cells or blood vessels.( Dvir指出，科学家们此前确实曾成功打印出心脏的三维结构，但所使用的并非细胞和血管。)”可知，科学家此前打印的心脏结构不含细胞或血管，说明过去的打印结构缺乏生物细胞成分。故选C。 7．推理判断题。根据文章第五段“The team’s next step is to culture (培养) printed hearts in the lab and “teach them to behave” like real hearts.(该团队接下来的步骤是在实验室中培养打印心脏，并“教会它们像真正的心脏那样运作”。)”可知，团队下一步将培养打印心脏并教会它们像真实心脏一样工作，因此推断他们将改善心脏的功能性能。故选D。 8．推理判断题。根据文章末段Dvir的发言““Our results demonstrate the potential of our approach to engineering personalized tissue and organ replacement in the future,” Dvir said. “Maybe in 10 years, there will be organ printers in the finest hospitals around the world, and these procedures will be conducted routinely.”(Dvir说“我们的研究结果表明，我们的方法在实现个性化组织和器官替换方面具有潜在应用价值。也许在十年后，世界各地顶尖的医院里将会配备器官打印设备，相关手术也将成为常规操作。”)”可知，我们的成果展示了未来个性化器官替代的潜力，及对10年后器官打印机普及的乐观预测，可见其态度是积极肯定的。故选A。 Passage 3 阅读七选五 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2026·河北省石家庄市正定中学开学） Doctors have successfully kept a heart beating in a container for 24 hours, bringing hope to thousands of patients across the world in need of a life-saving transplant. 1 However, the "game-changing" device can preserve a heart up to six times longer than existing methods. It provides the heart with oxygen and vital nutrients, allowing more time to transport it. The device, named ULiSSES, fits into a carry-on box, so hearts can be flown around the world. 2 And it is expected to cost under $ 100,000. University of Texas researchers have successfully tested on pig hearts, which are similar to ours. 3 Dr. Rafael Veraza presented the findings on pig hearts at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in Seattle. " 4 Many years later, it is done much the same way," Dr. Veraza said. "Donated hearts generally remain viable (可存活的) for around four hours using traditional preservation methods. 5 Being able to keep a heart viable for 24 hours means you could transport it almost anywhere in the world, and this could save many lives." A．It is expected to come into use soon. B．The extra time could bring more hope to patients. C．Usually, a donated heart can only last about four hours. D．It works without being affected by temperature or air pressure. E．The pig hearts remained viable for 24 hours after they were removed. F．The first heart was transported more than 50 years ago by putting it on ice. G．They plan to test it on human hearts in three months and put it on the market within a year. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．G 4．F 5．E 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述了科学家发明的一种新型“改变游戏规则”的设备，能够使人类心脏存活更久，从而救世界各地需要的人。 1．根据下文“ However, the "game-changing" device can preserve a heart up to six times longer than existing methods.（然而，这个“改变游戏规则”的设备保存心脏的时间是现有方法的6倍）”可知，此空与心脏保存时间有关。C选项"Usually, a donated heart can only last about four hours.”表示通常情况下，一个捐献的心脏只能保持四个小时。与后一句形成对比关系，符合此处语境。故选C项。 2．根据上一句“The device, named ULiSSES, fits into a carry-on box, so hearts can be flown around the world.（这个名为ULiSSES的装置可以装在一个随身携带的盒子里，这样心脏就可以飞到世界各地）”描述心脏是如何保存并捐献到世界各地的。D选项“It works without being affected by temperature or air pressure.（它不受温度或气压的影响）”说明了这个装置的优势，与前一句有意义上的联系，符合此处语境。故选D项。 3．前一句“University of Texas researchers have successfully tested on pig hearts, which are similar to ours.”讲述科学家在猪的心脏上进行测试，并且已经成功。G选项“They plan to test it on human hearts in three months and put it on the market within a year.（他们计划在三个月内在人类心脏上进行测试，并在一年内投放市场）”表示测试的下一步，符合此处语境。故选G项。 4．后一句“Many years later, it is done much the same way（许多年后，还是这样做的）”可知，此处描述保存心脏的方式。F选项“The first heart was transported more than 50 years ago by putting it on ice.（第一个心脏是在50多年前被放在冰上运送的）”中的“50 years ago”与“Many years later”相互对应。故选F项。 5．空处前文“Donated hearts generally remain viable for around four hours using traditional preservation methods.”讲述人类捐献的心脏使用传统方法可以保持4个小时；空后“Being able to keep a heart viable for 24 hours means you could transport it almost anywhere in the world, and this could save many lives.”说明心脏能够保存24小时将能救助更多的生命。E选项“The pig hearts remained viable for 24 hours after they were removed.（猪的心脏在被取出后还能存活24小时）”是上文中实验研究的成果，起到承上启下的作用，符合此处语境。故选E项。 Passage 4 完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。（2026·山东省临沂市高三期中） When Dr. Nick Mondek learned his cancer had returned this spring, he didn’t know that his10-year-old son Stephen would eventually become his lifesaving hero. Mondek, a Los Angeles father of two, had previously 1 chemotherapy and a stem cell transplant for acute blood cancer. His older brother Dave had 2 his stem cells to him in 2022. This time, instead Mondek turned to 3 family members and the National Bone Marrow Registry, but he didn’t find any suitable 4 . “It was so serious that I needed a donor immediately, but there was no one 5 ,” Mondek said. People with acute blood cancer typically need treatment sooner than later, as the cancer may 6 quickly. Doctors may treat the cancer in various ways, but for Mondek, another stem cell transplant 7 being his last hope after chemotherapy and radiation. “I wasn’t sure if my son would be the one, but I did bring it up to my 8 ,” Mondek recalled. “Could a 9-year-old who’s only 70 pounds potentially get us 9 stem cells to make this a successful transplant?” As a doctor and parent, Mondek didn’t want Stephen to feel obliged or 10 . He didn’t even tell Stephen they were down to him as their last 11 . Starting the conversation with his young son was “nerve-wracking” but ultimately led to the best 12 . “Would you consider potentially getting 13 to see if maybe you could be a donor?” Mondek asked. Without 14 , Stephen, described as a “shy” and “quiet” boy, said, When do we go? Doctors at Cedars-Sinai successfully 15 stem cells from Stephen, and Mondek received his second stem cell transplant on July 30. Both father and son are now out of the hospital. Mondek said, Stephen is doing great. He is my hero. 1．A．developed B．undergone C．tolerated D．prescribed 2．A．donated B．submitted C．assigned D．sacrificed 3．A．concerned B．extended C．close D．anxious 4．A．cure B．measure C．match D．method 5．A．dependable B．qualified C．willing D．available 6．A．recover B．occur C．transform D．worsen 7．A．ended up B．accounted for C．cared about D．held on 8．A．physician B．advisor C．colleague D．nurse 9．A．healthy B．effective C．enough D．suitable 10．A．troubled B．separated C．forced D．occupied 11．A．destination B．option C．schedule D．stage 12．A．experience B．outcome C．discovery D．treatment 13．A．started B．volunteered C．inspired D．tested 14．A．hesitation B．preparation C．patience D．negotiation 15．A．borrowed B．delivered C．pumped D．extracted 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．D 6．D 7．A 8．A 9．C 10．C 11．B 12．B 13．D 14．A 15．D 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了尼克・蒙德克的癌症复发后找不到合适的干细胞捐赠者，10 岁儿子斯蒂芬毫不犹豫同意捐赠。医生成功提取其干细胞完成移植，父子均已出院，儿子成了他的救命英雄。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：蒙德克是两个孩子的父亲，在此之前，他曾因急性血癌接受过化疗和干细胞移植。A. developed发展；B. undergone经历；C. tolerated容忍；D. prescribed开处方。根据前文“Dr. Nick Mondek learned his cancer had returned this spring”可知，Mondek 的癌症复发了，说明他以前发过病，接受过治疗，结合句中“had previously”和“chemotherapy and a stem cell transplant”可推知，他之前“经历”过化疗和干细胞移植。故选B项。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的哥哥戴夫在2022年将自己的干细胞捐献给了他。A. donated捐赠；B. submitted提交；C. assigned分配；D. sacrificed牺牲。根据下文“his stem cells to him in 2022”可知，干细胞移植需要捐赠者，哥哥戴夫“捐赠”干细胞给他。故选A项。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一次，蒙德克转而求助于大家庭成员和国家骨髓登记处，但他没有找到任何合适的配型。A. concerned关心的；B. extended延伸的，扩展了的；C. close亲密的；D. anxious焦虑的。根据上文可知，上次他用的是自己的哥哥的干细胞，结合句中“This time, instead”可知，这次与上次不一样，他是在更大范围内寻找干细胞源，即在家族大家庭成员里寻找；extended family member“大家庭成员”。故选B项。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一次，蒙德克转而求助于亲密的家庭成员和国家骨髓登记处，但他没有找到任何合适的配型。A. cure治愈方法；B. measure措施；C. match匹配；D. method方法。根据上文“Mondek turned to _____ family members and the National Bone Marrow Registry”和“he didn’t find any suitable _____ ”可知，虽然扩大了寻找范围，但没有找到合适的干细胞捐赠匹配者。故选C项。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：蒙德克说：“情况非常严重，我需要立即找到捐赠者，但没有人可以找到。”A. dependable可靠的；B. qualified合格的；C. willing愿意的；D. available可获得的、可用的。根据前文“I needed a donor immediately”和“but there was no”可推知，虽然情况紧急，但没有捐赠者，没有可找到的人。故选D项。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：患有急性血癌的人通常需要尽早治疗，因为癌症可能会迅速恶化。A. recover康复；B. occur发生；C. transform转化；D. worsen恶化。根据上文“People with acute blood cancer typically need treatment sooner than later”可知，急性血癌患者需尽快治疗，因为癌症可能“快速恶化”。故选D项。 7．考查动词短语辨析。句意：医生可能会用各种方法治疗癌症，但对蒙德克来说，另一次干细胞移植是他在化疗和放疗后的最后希望。A. ended up最终成为、结果是；B. accounted for解释；C. cared about关心；D. held on坚持。根据下文“being his last hope after chemotherapy and radiation”可知，化疗和放疗后，干细胞移植最终成为他最后的希望。故选A项。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：蒙德克回忆说：“我不确定我儿子是不是那个人，但我确实把这个问题告诉了我的医生。”A. physician医生；B. advisor顾问；C. colleague同事；D. nurse护士。根据上文“I wasn’t sure if my son would be the one”可知，蒙德克想知道9岁孩子能否捐赠干细胞，这是医学问题，应咨询医生。故选A项。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个体重只有70磅的9岁孩子是否有可能获得足够的干细胞，使移植手术成功？A. healthy健康的；B. effective有效的；C. enough足够的；D. suitable合适的。根据上文“a 9-year-old who’s only 70 pounds”可知，孩子体重仅70 磅（约 31.8 公斤），蒙德克担心他能否提供足够的干细胞，以保证移植成功，侧重“数量充足”。故选C项。 10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为一名医生和家长，蒙德克不希望斯蒂芬感到有义务或被迫。A. troubled困扰的；B. separated分离的；C. forced被强迫的；D. occupied忙碌的。根据上文“feel obliged”可知，蒙德克作为家长，不想让孩子感到“有义务或被强迫”，“obliged or forced”（有义务的或被强迫的）为并列语义，符合家长的顾虑。故选C项。 11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他甚至没有告诉斯蒂芬，他们把他作为最后的选择。A. destination目的地；B. option选择；C. schedule日程；D. stage阶段。根据上文“It was so serious that I needed a donor immediately, but there was no one 5 .”可知，找不到其他捐赠者，所以孩子成了最后选择。故选B项。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：和他年幼的儿子开始谈话“伤脑筋”，但最终得到了最好的结果。A. experience经历；B. outcome结果；C. discovery发现；D. treatment治疗。根据上文“Starting the conversation with his young son was “nerve-wracking””和下文“Without _______, Stephen, described as a “shy” and “quiet” boy, said, When do we go?”可知，孩子直接同意了，说明谈话得到好的结果。故选B项。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：你会考虑接受检测，看看你是否能成为一名捐赠者吗？A. started开始；B. volunteered自愿；C. inspired激励；D. tested检测。根据下文“if maybe you could be a donor?”可知，要成为捐赠者，需先做检测。故选D项。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：斯蒂芬，一个被形容为“害羞”和“安静”的男孩，毫不犹豫地说，我们什么时候去？A. hesitation犹豫；B. preparation准备；C. patience耐心；D. negotiation协商。根据下文“When do we go”可知，孩子直接问“什么时候去”，说明他毫不犹豫地答应了。故选A项。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：西达斯-西奈医院的医生成功地从斯蒂芬身上提取了干细胞，蒙德克于7月30日接受了他的第二次干细胞移植。A. borrowed借；B. delivered交付；C. pumped用泵输送；D. extracted提取。根据下文“stem cells from Stephen, and Mondek received his second stem cell transplant”可知，医生从斯蒂芬身上提取了干细胞并完成了移植。故选D项。 Passage 5 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Last Friday, doctors at the University of Maryland Medical Center successfully replaced 1 heart of a very sick man with a specially-grown pig’s heart. It is the first time that doctors 2 (do) this surgery by now. After three days, the patient appears to be doing very well. Dr. Bartley Griffith who is the first surgeon 3 ( perform ) the operation, said this had never been done before. David Bennett, 57, is the man offered the heart. He was given special 4 (permit) to have the unusual operation because without it, he would have died. Transplants (移植) usually come from people who have died, but want 5 (they) organs to be used to help other people live. There are far 6 (large) numbers of patients who need organs than those of organs. Over 3,800 Americans got heart transplants last year. But there are 7 (rough) 110,000 people who are waiting for some kind of transplant. For years, scientists have tried to figure out 8 they transplant organs from other animals into humans. This is hard because the human body almost always rejects something that isn’t its own. Muhammad is one of the 9 (doctor) who helped perform the surgery. He’s been working to develop methods to help prevent pig organs 10 being rejected in humans. Doctors are watching Mr. Bennett’s recovery. 【答案】 1．the 2．have done 3．to perform 4．permission 5．their 6．larger 7．roughly 8．how 9．doctors 10．from 【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是上周五，马里兰大学医学中心的医生们成功地用一颗特殊生长的猪心脏替换了一位重病患者的心脏。 1．考查定冠词。句意：上周五，马里兰大学医学中心的医生们成功地用一颗特殊生长的猪心脏替换了一位重病患者的心脏。空格处用定冠词the特指“一位重病患者的心脏”，故填the。 2．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这是医生们第一次做这种手术。It is the first time that...是固定句型，意为“这是某人第一次做某事”，that从句中用现在完成时，主语doctors是复数，因此空格处是have done，故填have done。 3．考查不定式。句意：Bartley Griffith医生是第一个做这个手术的医生，他说这是前所未有的。surgeon前有序数词first修饰，其后用不定式作后置定语，故填to perform。 4．考查名词。句意：他得到了做这个不寻常手术的特别许可，因为如果没有手术，他就会死。special是形容词，修饰名词，permit的名词是permission，意为“允许”，是不可数名词，故填permission。 5．考查物主代词。句意：器官移植通常来自那些已经去世但希望自己的器官用于帮助他人生存的人。organs和they之间是所属关系，空格处意为“他们的”，用形容词性物主代词their修饰名词organs，故填their。 6．考查比较级。句意：需要器官的病人远远多于需要器官的病人。由后面的than可知，空格处用比较级larger，故填larger。 7．考查副词。句意：但大约有11万人在等待某种移植。空格处用副词修饰数词110,000，rough的副词是roughly，意为“大约”，故填roughly。 8．考查宾语从句。句意：多年来，科学家们一直试图弄清楚他们是如何将其他动物的器官移植到人类身上的。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的是宾语从句，根据语境可知，句子表示“科学家们一直试图弄清楚他们是如何将其他动物的器官移植到人类身上的”，空格处意为“如何”，是how，故填how。 9．考查名词的复数。句意：穆罕默德是协助进行手术的医生之一。“one of”后跟名词的复数doctors，故填doctors。 10．考查固定短语和介词。句意：他一直致力于研究防止猪器官在人类体内排异的方法。prevent sb. from doing是固定短语，意为“防止某人做某事”，因此空格处用介词from，故填from。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 10 / 22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $