热点话题03 海洋温度上升，储存全球变暖的热量——环境保护（阅读理解专练）英语高考复习通用版

热点话题03 海洋温度上升，储存全球变暖的热量——环境保护 目录 时文精读------------------------------------------------------------精选外刊原创阅读理解 【原创·阅读理解】 【课标词汇积累】 【课标词汇训练】 【参考译文】 好题精练----------------------------------------------------------精选名校及联考话题专练 【阅读理解】 【阅读7选5】 【完形填空】 【语法填空】 时文精读 读 【话题·导语】 Scientists have released a new report showing that in 2025, the world’s oceans heated up more than ever. The oceans have set new records for heating eight years in a row. The scientists say this is a clear sign that the planet is warming because of human actions.The effects will last for hundreds of years. 科学家最新发布的报告显示，2025年全球海洋温度升幅将创下历史新高。海洋连续八年刷新升温纪录。研究者指出，这明确表明地球正因人类活动而持续变暖，其影响将持续数百载。 【原文·时文阅读】 文章来源：https://newsforkids.net/articles/2026/01/14/ocean-temperatures-rise-storing-heat-from-global-warming/ For most reports on global warming, scientists measure air temperatures over land and at the ocean’s surface. These measurements are important because ocean surface temperatures affect weather patterns, and life that depends on the ocean. But surface temperatures don’t tell the whole story. Though the ocean surface is warming, heat is also going far deeper than that. The new report looks at “Ocean Heat Content” (OHC) – heat going down as deep as 1.25 miles (2 kilometers) below the surface. The study, written by over 50 scientists from around the world, used lots of different information to calculate the ocean’s heating. This included data from research ships, satellites, and floating buoys. The team even put sensors on sea animals because they could go places robots normally can’t. Climate scientist Kevin Trenberth says it takes about 25 years for the heat to reach this depth. And that heat will remain in the ocean for hundreds of years. The amount of heat the oceans have taken in is so massive that it’s hard to understand. That’s an incredibly huge amount of energy. Scientist John Abraham, who helped write the report, has another way to think about the extra energy that the oceans absorbed: It’s as if 12 atomic bombs exploded in the oceans last year – enough energy to boil the water of 2 billion Olympic-sized swimming pools. The warming of the oceans is already having serious effects. It is linked to stronger storms, more wildfires, and deadly floods. Higher ocean temperatures are also causing “marine heatwaves”, which have led to the melting of huge amounts of ice in Greenland and Antarctica. Rising ocean temperatures are also threatening coral reefs, which provide support to over 25% of life in the ocean. The scientists say that the world will continue to see rising ocean temperatures until greenhouse gas emissions are cut to zero. Even then, it will take centuries for the oceans to cool back down. Still, the researchers believe there’s hope. Dr. Abraham says, “We can solve this problem today, with today’s technology.” 【原创·阅读理解】（341words） 1.How do the scientists measure the the ocean’s heating where robots can’t go? A.put sensors on sea animals. B.use research ships on the ocean. C.apply the satellites in the air. D.put floating buoys on the ocean 2.What is the main purpose of the author writing the fifth paragraph? A．To show how to work out the ocean’s heating. B．To illustrate the power of the atomic bombs. C．To explain how the ocean absorbs the energy. D．To understand the energy the oceans absorbed. 3.What is Dr. Abraham’s attitude towards the rising ocean temperatures? A．optimistic. B．Doubtful. C．negative. D．Indifferent. 4.What is the main idea of the text? A.Ocean temperatures rise, storing heat from global warming. B.Ocean temperatures rise, more deadly floods happening. C.Work hard together to stop the ocean from heating. D.Work hard together to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. 【课标词汇积累】 1.affect v. 影响；使感动；（疾病）感染；假装 The upcoming final exams will deeply affect students' summer vacation plans, as poor grades may require remedial classes.（即将到来的期末考试会深刻影响学生的暑假计划，因为成绩不佳可能需要补课。） 2.depend v. 取决于；依赖 Students' success in science competitions often depends on their ability to think critically under pressure. （学生在科学竞赛中的成功通常依赖于他们在压力下批判性思考的能力。） 3. calculate v. 计算；估算；估计；预料 In physics lab, we need to calculate the acceleration of objects using precise formulas and measurement tools.（物理实验室里，我们需要用精确公式和测量工具计算物体的加速度。） 4.float v. 使漂浮；飘荡 n. 浮体；鱼漂浮子 Leaves from the ancient ginkgo tree float into the classroom through open windows every autumn. （每年秋天，古老银杏树的叶子会从敞开的窗户飘进教室。） 5.sensor n. 传感器，灵敏元件 The newly installed temperature sensors in the dormitories automatically adjust air conditioning levels. （宿舍新安装的温度传感器能自动调节空调温度。） 6.normally adv. 通常；正常地 The school cafeteria normally serves nutritious meals with balanced portions of vegetables and protein. （学校食堂通常提供营养均衡的餐食，包含适量蔬菜和蛋白质。） 7.massive adj. 巨大的；大而重的；强烈的；极好的；(疾病)非常严重的 The school library has a massive collection of reference books for college entrance exam preparation. （学校图书馆有海量的高考备考参考书。） 8.incredibly adv. 难以置信地，很，极为 Our school's robotics team performed incredibly well in the national competition last month. （我校机器人战队在上月的全国比赛中表现得惊人地出色。） 9. absorb v. 吸收；理解，掌握；合并，同化；消减，缓冲；经受住；使全神贯注 Quiet study rooms help students absorb knowledge more efficiently without distractions. （安静的自习室能帮助学生更高效地吸收知识，不受干扰。） 10.emission n. 发出（气体、热量、光线等的）；排放（物） Reducing light emission from classroom windows at night is part of the school's energy-saving policy. （夜间减少教室窗户的光线散发是学校节能政策的一部分。） 【课标词汇训练】 根据语境，从上面的“课标词汇”中选用合适的单词及其正确形式将句子补充完整。 1.A positive classroom environment can significantly _____________ students' enthusiasm for participating in group discussions.（积极的课堂环境能显著影响学生参与小组讨论的热情。） 2.Whether the school picnic will be held _____________ entirely on the weather forecast this weekend. （学校野餐是否举行取决于本周末的天气预报。） 3.The teacher taught us how _____________ the probability of genetic traits appearing in offspring during biology class. （生物课上老师教我们如何计算遗传性状在后代中出现的概率。） 4.Colorful balloons _____________ above the auditorium during the graduation ceremony, creating a festive atmosphere.（毕业典礼时彩色气球在礼堂上方漂浮，营造出节日氛围。） 5.Chemistry lab equipment includes gas _____________ to detect potential leaks during experiments. （化学实验室设备包含气体传感器，用于检测实验中的潜在泄漏。） 6.Students _____________ review their notes for at least two hours before major exams. （学生在大考前通常会复习笔记至少两小时。） 7.Organizing the sports meeting requires _____________ coordination between teachers and student volunteers. （组织运动会需要老师和学生志愿者之间大量的协调工作。） 8.The math problem was _____________ challenging, but solving it gave me a great sense of achievement. （这道数学题极其困难，但解决它让我很有成就感。） 9.The sponge-like structure of this material allows it _____________ spilled chemicals quickly in lab accidents. （这种材料的海绵状结构可在实验室事故中快速吸收溢出的化学品。） 10.The science club conducted an experiment to measure carbon dioxide _____________ from different types of fuel. （科学社开展了测量不同燃料二氧化碳排放量的实验。） 【参考译文】 在大多数关于全球变暖的报告中，科学家会测量陆地和海洋表面的气温。这些测量数据至关重要，因为海洋表面温度会影响天气模式，而海洋生态系统中的生物都依赖海洋生存。 但海面温度并不能说明全部情况。虽然海洋表层正在变暖，但热量也向更深层扩散。这份新报告研究了‘海洋热含量’（OHC），即深达2公里（1.25英里）以下的热量。 这项由全球50余位科学家共同撰写的科研报告，通过整合研究船、卫星及浮标等多源数据，对海洋升温现象进行了精确测算。研究团队甚至在海洋生物身上安装传感器，以便探测机器人无法抵达的区域。 气候学家凯文·特伦伯斯表示，热量需要约25年才能到达这一深度，而这些热量将在海洋中存留数百年。 海洋吸收的热量之巨令人难以置信。这相当于惊人的能量总量。参与撰写报告的科学家约翰·亚伯拉罕提出了另一种解释：去年海洋吸收的额外能量，相当于12枚原子弹在海洋中爆炸——其能量足以将20亿个奥运会标准游泳池的水煮沸。 海洋变暖已造成严重后果，其引发的极端天气包括更猛烈的风暴、频发的野火和致命性洪水。与此同时，海水温度持续升高还导致了“海洋热浪”现象，致使格陵兰岛和南极洲的大量冰层融化。 海洋温度上升也威胁着珊瑚礁，珊瑚礁为海洋中超过25%的生命提供了支持。 科学家指出，除非温室气体排放量完全归零，否则全球海洋温度将持续攀升。即便实现零排放，海洋温度恢复原状仍需数百年时间。不过研究团队仍抱有希望。亚伯拉罕博士强调：“凭借现有技术，我们完全能在当下解决这一难题。” 好题精练 练 Passage1阅读理解 （2026·江苏省徐州市徐州一中、徐州三中高三月考） To reduce carbon emissions and slow down global warming, new buildings must meet high environmental standards. In the UK, this goal has been discussed for many years, especially since the government promised to achieve net zero emissions by 2050. However, despite the urgency of the climate crisis, many new homes still lack basic energy-saving features. This situation highlights the need for stronger action to make housing development truly sustainable. England plans to build 1.5 million new homes. But previous decisions — such as the removal of key environmental rules — have led to houses being built without essentials like solar panels. Future housing standards are expected to include solar technology, though there is uncertainty about how strict these rules will be. Experts suggest that all new homes should include solar panels, battery storage to reduce pressure on the grid (电网), and high-quality insulation (隔热) to increase energy efficiency and reduce energy bills. Domestic heating is an even bigger challenge. While the use of renewable energy is growing, reducing dependence on fossil fuels remains critical. Unfortunately, recent decisions have allowed wood-burning stoves and may continue to permit gas boilers in new homes. However, choosing gas boilers instead of heat pumps (热泵) is harmful to the environment and economically short-sighted. Many European countries have adopted heat pump technology, which reduces carbon emissions and could create new green jobs in the UK if supported by appropriate policies. A major issue is that large construction companies appear to have significant influence over housing policy. Developers often aim to reduce costs and maximize profits. However, long-term environmental goals are considered important. Refitting heat pumps and insulation costs far more than putting them at the beginning. Besides, some natural habitats cannot be replaced once destroyed. Sustainable housing is essential for current energy needs and for the health of the planet. 1．What does the author imply about the past efforts on sustainable housing? A．They faced strong opposition. B．They were insufficiently carried out. C．They were ignored by the public. D．They led to energy-saving adoption. 2．New homes in England are expected to _________. A．reduce energy cost B．remove solar panels C．lower battery storage D．follow flexible standards 3．Why is domestic heating considered a bigger challenge? A．Gas boilers are cheaper to use. B．It still relies heavily on fossil fuels. C．Solar panels require advanced technology. D．New homes lack space for heating systems. 4．What concern is raised in the last paragraph? A．Adopting green technology is more expensive. B．The government ignores environmental issues. C．Cost-driven decisions may harm future sustainability. D．Developers prefer to build homes near natural habitats. Passage2阅读理解 （2026·陕西省西安市新城区三模） The Earth has reached its first climate tipping point, with large-scale die-offs of warm-water coral reefs (珊瑚礁) indicating the severe impact of global warming, according to a new report from Global Tipping Points, authored by 160 researchers from 23 countries. A climate tipping point set by scientists refers to a threshold (临界点) in the climate system at which it shifts from one stable state to another. Once this “threshold” is crossed, the state of the climate system can undergo significant and often irreversible changes, with potentially disastrous impacts on life on Earth. Scientists have set this threshold at 1.2 degrees Celsius warming above pre-industrial. However, global temperatures have already risen 1.4 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, indicating that the impacts of crossing this tipping point are already emerging. Coral reefs, which support about a quarter of all marine species, are among the ecosystems most vulnerable (脆弱的) to warming. The report warns that unless global temperatures are brought back toward 1.2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, and ultimately to l degree Celsius, no warm-water coral reefs of large size and number will remain on Earth. Tim Lenton, the lead author of the report, emphasized that we can no longer treat tipping points as a future risk. The first tipping point, a large-scale dieback of warm-water coral reefs, has already been reached. The report comes just weeks ahead of this year’s COP30 climate summit being held at the edge of the Amazon rainforest in Brazil. That same rainforest system is now at risk of collapsing once the average global temperature warms beyond just 1.5 degrees Celsius based on deforestation rates, the report said, revising down the estimated threshold for the Amazon. Also of concern if temperatures keep rising is the threat of disruption (破坏) to a major ocean current called the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, or AMOC, which helps to ensure mild winters in northern Europe. The scientists urged countries at November’ s COP30 to work toward bringing down climate-warming carbon emissions. 5．What does the underlined word “irreversible” in paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．Recoverable. B．Adjustable. C．Temporary. D．Permanent. 6．What can we learn about the climate threshold? A．It is higher than current speed of global warming. B．It was set mainly to protect warm-water coral reefs. C．It comes before the climate’s entering a new stable state. D．It has not been crossed as temperatures are under control. 7．What is Tim Lenton’s attitude towards climate tipping points? A．Concerned. B．Optimistic. C．Doubtful. D．Uncaring. 8．What can be inferred about the Amazon rainforest according to the report? A．Its deforestation rates will slow down. B．Its threshold for collapse has been adjusted lower. C．It will remain safe if global temperature stays below 1. 5℃. D．It is more sensitive to warming than warm-water coral reefs. Passage 3 阅读七选五 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2026·河北省石家庄市正定中学开学） For countless generations, trillions of coral polyps (珊瑚虫) have lived and died, leaving behind a material called limestone (石灰岩). Throughout history, limestone was used to construct the Great Pyramid of Egypt, as well as many churches and castles. 1 . They can be even larger in scale than the most impressive buildings and structures made by humans. A diversity of life A living coral reef is a “city beneath the sea” filled with a rich variety of life. Most coral reefs can be found in warm, shallow oceans. They occupy a small part of the ocean floor, but host 25 percent of all ocean life. Each reef is full of colorful fish as well as coral that forms wonderful patterns. 2 , the reefs serve as vital food sources for fish. Threats to coral reefs Human activities pose serious threats to coral reefs around the world. 3 . Additionally, illegal fishing methods also harm reefs. These methods can help fishermen get a good catch, but their negative effects on the reefs are significant. Blast (爆破) fishing involves setting off bombs in the water to kill as many fish as possible. This kills most living things nearby and causes damage to the reef’s structure. 4 . A 2018 UN report warned that up to 99 percent of the world’s coral reefs could decline if climate change continues. 5 These threats to coral reefs are serious, but there is hope for coral reef survival. If we take steps toward coral reef conservation, it is likely that these tiny creatures — which survived natural threats for millions of years — will be able to rebuild. A．Reasons for hope B．Methods of protection C．In addition to their beauty D．Apart from this ocean life E．Moreover, global warming has caused many reefs to become sick F．For example, reefs can be damaged when the coral is used as building materials G．However, the most impressive limestone formations can be found underwater in the form of coral reefs Passage 4 完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 This past summer I set out on a journey to Canada’s Arctic. When I left I was wrapped in a blanket of uncertainty and 1 . But when I first met the group members, I knew I didn’t have anything to 2 . The group was amazingly 3 and I was soon part of a big family boarding on an amazing 4 ! Approaching the Arctic, I was repeatedly 5 with its unusual largeness and its beauty. There I flew over vast glaciers (冰河) and stood on the frozen Arctic Ocean, 6   polar bears walk in search of seal holes, and 7 wait for a meal. However, I also learned the pollutants carried by ocean from far away have a negative 8 on all Arctic inhabitants. And global warming has put polar bears at 9 because a warmer climate means that they have a shorter time to 10 seals on the ice. During the journey, I talked with some 11 scientists about the ruins of homes once 12 by the ancient Thule people. I made good friends with people from different parts of world. The Arctic is a land of incredible beauty which 13 to be preserved. I’ve learned why it is so important to 14 it. This journey has made me more determined to try to 15 that I do not leave negative or harmful footprints on either Earth or its people. 1．A．relief B．anxiety C．pride D．argument 2．A．put up B．prepare for C．give up D．worry about 3．A．easy-going B．well-behaved C．sensitive D．flexible 4．A．failure B．performance C．adventure D．conflict 5．A．embarrassed B．ashamed C．amused D．shocked 6．A．watching B．organizing C．noticing D．guessing 7．A．painfully B．patiently C．unconsciously D．doubtfully 8．A．source B．reaction C．effect D．development 9．A．rest B．ease C．peace D．risk 10．A．hunt B．explore C．help D．meet 11．A．demanding B．learned C．modest D．rigid 12．A．classified B．decorated C．confused D．occupied 13．A．promises B．benefits C．deserves D．intends 14．A．take care of B．make use of C．run out of D．became tired of 15．A．deny B．ensure C．argue D．overlook Passage 5 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Every year, the world needs more energy. As countries develop and populations grow, energy demand rises. Historically, coal, oil and gas have been primary sources, but their use causes 1 (pollute) and climate change. Luckily, many countries are switching from dirty fossil fuels to clean, green and renewable energy sources. Fossil fuels like coal and oil release harmful gases, like carbon dioxide, which add 2 global warming. Plus, these fuels will run out eventually. Once 3 source has been used up, another must 4 (find), and finding new sources becomes more difficult and expensive over time. With no emissions or waste, renewable energy sources cause 5 (limit) damage to the environment. They are renewable because they can be 6 (natural) replaced and can therefore be consumed without the risk of 7 (use) them up. Can renewables really be the future of energy? Our modern world has been built on fossil fuels, so it is tough 8 (change) quickly. But China and others use more renewables. Given the problems of climate change, there is little doubt 9 they will continue to grow. New battery technology, for example, solves the problem of bringing electricity from 10 (distance) sources to cities. Along with our being more aware of our energy consumption and waste, a clean and green energy future is possible and necessary. 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 10 / 22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 热点话题03 海洋温度上升，储存全球变暖的热量——环境保护 目录 时文精读------------------------------------------------------------精选外刊原创阅读理解 【原创·阅读理解】 【课标词汇积累】 【课标词汇训练】 【参考译文】 好题精练----------------------------------------------------------精选名校及联考话题专练 【阅读理解】 【阅读7选5】 【完形填空】 【语法填空】 时文精读 读 【话题·导语】 Scientists have released a new report showing that in 2025, the world’s oceans heated up more than ever. The oceans have set new records for heating eight years in a row. The scientists say this is a clear sign that the planet is warming because of human actions.The effects will last for hundreds of years. 科学家最新发布的报告显示，2025年全球海洋温度升幅将创下历史新高。海洋连续八年刷新升温纪录。研究者指出，这明确表明地球正因人类活动而持续变暖，其影响将持续数百载。 【原文·时文阅读】 文章来源：https://newsforkids.net/articles/2026/01/14/ocean-temperatures-rise-storing-heat-from-global-warming/ For most reports on global warming, scientists measure air temperatures over land and at the ocean’s surface. These measurements are important because ocean surface temperatures affect weather patterns, and life that depends on the ocean. But surface temperatures don’t tell the whole story. Though the ocean surface is warming, heat is also going far deeper than that. The new report looks at “Ocean Heat Content” (OHC) – heat going down as deep as 1.25 miles (2 kilometers) below the surface. The study, written by over 50 scientists from around the world, used lots of different information to calculate the ocean’s heating. This included data from research ships, satellites, and floating buoys. The team even put sensors on sea animals because they could go places robots normally can’t. Climate scientist Kevin Trenberth says it takes about 25 years for the heat to reach this depth. And that heat will remain in the ocean for hundreds of years. The amount of heat the oceans have taken in is so massive that it’s hard to understand. That’s an incredibly huge amount of energy. Scientist John Abraham, who helped write the report, has another way to think about the extra energy that the oceans absorbed: It’s as if 12 atomic bombs exploded in the oceans last year – enough energy to boil the water of 2 billion Olympic-sized swimming pools. The warming of the oceans is already having serious effects. It is linked to stronger storms, more wildfires, and deadly floods. Higher ocean temperatures are also causing “marine heatwaves”, which have led to the melting of huge amounts of ice in Greenland and Antarctica. Rising ocean temperatures are also threatening coral reefs, which provide support to over 25% of life in the ocean. The scientists say that the world will continue to see rising ocean temperatures until greenhouse gas emissions are cut to zero. Even then, it will take centuries for the oceans to cool back down. Still, the researchers believe there’s hope. Dr. Abraham says, “We can solve this problem today, with today’s technology.” 【原创·阅读理解】（341words） 1.How do the scientists measure the the ocean’s heating where robots can’t go? A.put sensors on sea animals. B.use research ships on the ocean. C.apply the satellites in the air. D.put floating buoys on the ocean 考查细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的The team even put sensors on sea animals because they could go places robots normally can’t.（研究团队甚至在海洋生物身上安装传感器，以便探测机器人无法抵达的区域。）可知，在海洋生物身上安装传感器。故选A。 2.What is the main purpose of the author writing the fifth paragraph? A．To show how to work out the ocean’s heating. B．To illustrate the power of the atomic bombs. C．To explain how the ocean absorbs the energy. D．To understand the energy the oceans absorbed. 推理判断题。根据文章第五段中的It’s as if 12 atomic bombs exploded in the oceans last year – enough energy to boil the water of 2 billion Olympic-sized swimming pools.（去年海洋中仿佛发生了12次原子弹爆炸——其能量足以将20亿个奥运会标准游泳池的水全部煮沸。）可推知，作者的目的是想就这个简单易懂的现象，说明海洋储存能量之多。故选D。 3.What is Dr. Abraham’s attitude towards the rising ocean temperatures? A．optimistic. B．Doubtful. C．negative. D．Indifferent. 考查推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的The scientists say that the world will continue to see rising ocean temperatures until greenhouse gas emissions are cut to zero. Even then, it will take centuries for the oceans to cool back down. Still, the researchers believe there’s hope. Dr. Abraham says, “We can solve this problem today, with today’s technology.”（科学家指出，除非温室气体排放量完全归零，否则全球海洋温度将持续攀升。即便实现零排放，海洋温度恢复原状仍需数百年时间。不过研究团队仍抱有希望。亚伯拉罕博士强调：“凭借现有技术，我们完全能在当下解决这一难题。”）可知， Dr. Abraham对解决全球海洋温度将持续攀升的问题，持有乐观的态度。故选A。 4.What is the main idea of the text? A.Ocean temperatures rise, storing heat from global warming. B.Ocean temperatures rise, more deadly floods happening. C.Work hard together to stop the ocean from heating. D.Work hard together to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. 考查主旨大意题。文章通篇讲述了由于全球气候变暖，导致海洋作为地球上最大的能量储存器，温度不断攀升，文章重点说明这个事实。故选A。 【课标词汇积累】 1.affect v. 影响；使感动；（疾病）感染；假装 The upcoming final exams will deeply affect students' summer vacation plans, as poor grades may require remedial classes.（即将到来的期末考试会深刻影响学生的暑假计划，因为成绩不佳可能需要补课。） 2.depend v. 取决于；依赖 Students' success in science competitions often depends on their ability to think critically under pressure. （学生在科学竞赛中的成功通常依赖于他们在压力下批判性思考的能力。） 3. calculate v. 计算；估算；估计；预料 In physics lab, we need to calculate the acceleration of objects using precise formulas and measurement tools.（物理实验室里，我们需要用精确公式和测量工具计算物体的加速度。） 4.float v. 使漂浮；飘荡 n. 浮体；鱼漂浮子 Leaves from the ancient ginkgo tree float into the classroom through open windows every autumn. （每年秋天，古老银杏树的叶子会从敞开的窗户飘进教室。） 5.sensor n. 传感器，灵敏元件 The newly installed temperature sensors in the dormitories automatically adjust air conditioning levels. （宿舍新安装的温度传感器能自动调节空调温度。） 6.normally adv. 通常；正常地 The school cafeteria normally serves nutritious meals with balanced portions of vegetables and protein. （学校食堂通常提供营养均衡的餐食，包含适量蔬菜和蛋白质。） 7.massive adj. 巨大的；大而重的；强烈的；极好的；(疾病)非常严重的 The school library has a massive collection of reference books for college entrance exam preparation. （学校图书馆有海量的高考备考参考书。） 8.incredibly adv. 难以置信地，很，极为 Our school's robotics team performed incredibly well in the national competition last month. （我校机器人战队在上月的全国比赛中表现得惊人地出色。） 9. absorb v. 吸收；理解，掌握；合并，同化；消减，缓冲；经受住；使全神贯注 Quiet study rooms help students absorb knowledge more efficiently without distractions. （安静的自习室能帮助学生更高效地吸收知识，不受干扰。） 10.emission n. 发出（气体、热量、光线等的）；排放（物） Reducing light emission from classroom windows at night is part of the school's energy-saving policy. （夜间减少教室窗户的光线散发是学校节能政策的一部分。） 【课标词汇训练】 根据语境，从上面的“课标词汇”中选用合适的单词及其正确形式将句子补充完整。 1.A positive classroom environment can significantly _____________ students' enthusiasm for participating in group discussions.（积极的课堂环境能显著影响学生参与小组讨论的热情。） 2.Whether the school picnic will be held _____________ entirely on the weather forecast this weekend. （学校野餐是否举行取决于本周末的天气预报。） 3.The teacher taught us how _____________ the probability of genetic traits appearing in offspring during biology class. （生物课上老师教我们如何计算遗传性状在后代中出现的概率。） 4.Colorful balloons _____________ above the auditorium during the graduation ceremony, creating a festive atmosphere.（毕业典礼时彩色气球在礼堂上方漂浮，营造出节日氛围。） 5.Chemistry lab equipment includes gas _____________ to detect potential leaks during experiments. （化学实验室设备包含气体传感器，用于检测实验中的潜在泄漏。） 6.Students _____________ review their notes for at least two hours before major exams. （学生在大考前通常会复习笔记至少两小时。） 7.Organizing the sports meeting requires _____________ coordination between teachers and student volunteers. （组织运动会需要老师和学生志愿者之间大量的协调工作。） 8.The math problem was _____________ challenging, but solving it gave me a great sense of achievement. （这道数学题极其困难，但解决它让我很有成就感。） 9.The sponge-like structure of this material allows it _____________ spilled chemicals quickly in lab accidents. （这种材料的海绵状结构可在实验室事故中快速吸收溢出的化学品。） 10.The science club conducted an experiment to measure carbon dioxide _____________ from different types of fuel. （科学社开展了测量不同燃料二氧化碳排放量的实验。） Keys: 1.affect 2.depends 3.to calculate 4.float 5.sensors 6.normally 7.massive 8.incredibly 9.to absorb 10.emission 【参考译文】 在大多数关于全球变暖的报告中，科学家会测量陆地和海洋表面的气温。这些测量数据至关重要，因为海洋表面温度会影响天气模式，而海洋生态系统中的生物都依赖海洋生存。 但海面温度并不能说明全部情况。虽然海洋表层正在变暖，但热量也向更深层扩散。这份新报告研究了‘海洋热含量’（OHC），即深达2公里（1.25英里）以下的热量。 这项由全球50余位科学家共同撰写的科研报告，通过整合研究船、卫星及浮标等多源数据，对海洋升温现象进行了精确测算。研究团队甚至在海洋生物身上安装传感器，以便探测机器人无法抵达的区域。 气候学家凯文·特伦伯斯表示，热量需要约25年才能到达这一深度，而这些热量将在海洋中存留数百年。 海洋吸收的热量之巨令人难以置信。这相当于惊人的能量总量。参与撰写报告的科学家约翰·亚伯拉罕提出了另一种解释：去年海洋吸收的额外能量，相当于12枚原子弹在海洋中爆炸——其能量足以将20亿个奥运会标准游泳池的水煮沸。 海洋变暖已造成严重后果，其引发的极端天气包括更猛烈的风暴、频发的野火和致命性洪水。与此同时，海水温度持续升高还导致了“海洋热浪”现象，致使格陵兰岛和南极洲的大量冰层融化。 海洋温度上升也威胁着珊瑚礁，珊瑚礁为海洋中超过25%的生命提供了支持。 科学家指出，除非温室气体排放量完全归零，否则全球海洋温度将持续攀升。即便实现零排放，海洋温度恢复原状仍需数百年时间。不过研究团队仍抱有希望。亚伯拉罕博士强调：“凭借现有技术，我们完全能在当下解决这一难题。” 好题精练 练 Passage1阅读理解 （2026·江苏省徐州市徐州一中、徐州三中高三月考） To reduce carbon emissions and slow down global warming, new buildings must meet high environmental standards. In the UK, this goal has been discussed for many years, especially since the government promised to achieve net zero emissions by 2050. However, despite the urgency of the climate crisis, many new homes still lack basic energy-saving features. This situation highlights the need for stronger action to make housing development truly sustainable. England plans to build 1.5 million new homes. But previous decisions — such as the removal of key environmental rules — have led to houses being built without essentials like solar panels. Future housing standards are expected to include solar technology, though there is uncertainty about how strict these rules will be. Experts suggest that all new homes should include solar panels, battery storage to reduce pressure on the grid (电网), and high-quality insulation (隔热) to increase energy efficiency and reduce energy bills. Domestic heating is an even bigger challenge. While the use of renewable energy is growing, reducing dependence on fossil fuels remains critical. Unfortunately, recent decisions have allowed wood-burning stoves and may continue to permit gas boilers in new homes. However, choosing gas boilers instead of heat pumps (热泵) is harmful to the environment and economically short-sighted. Many European countries have adopted heat pump technology, which reduces carbon emissions and could create new green jobs in the UK if supported by appropriate policies. A major issue is that large construction companies appear to have significant influence over housing policy. Developers often aim to reduce costs and maximize profits. However, long-term environmental goals are considered important. Refitting heat pumps and insulation costs far more than putting them at the beginning. Besides, some natural habitats cannot be replaced once destroyed. Sustainable housing is essential for current energy needs and for the health of the planet. 1．What does the author imply about the past efforts on sustainable housing? A．They faced strong opposition. B．They were insufficiently carried out. C．They were ignored by the public. D．They led to energy-saving adoption. 2．New homes in England are expected to _________. A．reduce energy cost B．remove solar panels C．lower battery storage D．follow flexible standards 3．Why is domestic heating considered a bigger challenge? A．Gas boilers are cheaper to use. B．It still relies heavily on fossil fuels. C．Solar panels require advanced technology. D．New homes lack space for heating systems. 4．What concern is raised in the last paragraph? A．Adopting green technology is more expensive. B．The government ignores environmental issues. C．Cost-driven decisions may harm future sustainability. D．Developers prefer to build homes near natural habitats. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要说明了为减排缓暖，英国新房需达高环保标准却落实不足，未来拟纳入太阳能；供暖依赖化石燃料存挑战，开发商控成本恐影响住房可持续发展。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“However, despite the urgency of the climate crisis, many new homes still lack basic energy-saving features.(然而，尽管气候危机形势严峻，但许多新建住宅仍缺乏基本的节能设施)”以及第二段“England plans to build 1.5 million new homes. But previous decisions — such as the removal of key environmental rules — have led to houses being built without essentials like solar panels.(英格兰计划新建150万套住房。但此前的一些决策（比如取消关键的环保规定）导致许多房屋在建造时缺少诸如太阳能电池板等必要设施)”可知，过去在可持续住房方面的举措没有得到充分落实。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Experts suggest that all new homes should include solar panels, battery storage to reduce pressure on the grid (电网), and high-quality insulation (隔热) to increase energy efficiency and reduce energy bills.(专家们建议，所有新建住宅都应配备太阳能电池板、电池储能装置以减轻电网压力，以及高质量的隔热材料以提高能源效率并降低能源费用)”可知，英格兰的新住宅预计能降低能源消耗成本。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第三段“Domestic heating is an even bigger challenge. While the use of renewable energy is growing, reducing dependence on fossil fuels remains critical.(家庭供暖问题则更为严峻。尽管可再生能源的使用量在不断增加，但减少对化石燃料的依赖仍至关重要)”可知，家庭供暖被视为更大的挑战是因为它仍然大量依赖化石燃料。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“A major issue is that large construction companies appear to have significant influence over housing policy. Developers often aim to reduce costs and maximize profits. However, long-term environmental goals are considered important. Refitting heat pumps and insulation costs far more than putting them at the beginning. Besides, some natural habitats cannot be replaced once destroyed. Sustainable housing is essential for current energy needs and for the health of the planet.(一个主要的问题是，大型建筑公司似乎对住房政策有着重大影响。开发商通常旨在降低成本并实现利润最大化。然而，长期的环境目标也被认为是重要的。重新安装热泵和进行隔热的成本远远高于在一开始就进行这些操作。此外，一旦自然栖息地遭到破坏，就无法恢复。可持续住房对于当前的能源需求以及地球的健康都至关重要)”可知，以成本为导向的决策可能会损害未来的可持续性。故选C。 Passage2阅读理解 （2026·陕西省西安市新城区三模） The Earth has reached its first climate tipping point, with large-scale die-offs of warm-water coral reefs (珊瑚礁) indicating the severe impact of global warming, according to a new report from Global Tipping Points, authored by 160 researchers from 23 countries. A climate tipping point set by scientists refers to a threshold (临界点) in the climate system at which it shifts from one stable state to another. Once this “threshold” is crossed, the state of the climate system can undergo significant and often irreversible changes, with potentially disastrous impacts on life on Earth. Scientists have set this threshold at 1.2 degrees Celsius warming above pre-industrial. However, global temperatures have already risen 1.4 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, indicating that the impacts of crossing this tipping point are already emerging. Coral reefs, which support about a quarter of all marine species, are among the ecosystems most vulnerable (脆弱的) to warming. The report warns that unless global temperatures are brought back toward 1.2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, and ultimately to l degree Celsius, no warm-water coral reefs of large size and number will remain on Earth. Tim Lenton, the lead author of the report, emphasized that we can no longer treat tipping points as a future risk. The first tipping point, a large-scale dieback of warm-water coral reefs, has already been reached. The report comes just weeks ahead of this year’s COP30 climate summit being held at the edge of the Amazon rainforest in Brazil. That same rainforest system is now at risk of collapsing once the average global temperature warms beyond just 1.5 degrees Celsius based on deforestation rates, the report said, revising down the estimated threshold for the Amazon. Also of concern if temperatures keep rising is the threat of disruption (破坏) to a major ocean current called the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, or AMOC, which helps to ensure mild winters in northern Europe. The scientists urged countries at November’ s COP30 to work toward bringing down climate-warming carbon emissions. 5．What does the underlined word “irreversible” in paragraph 2 most probably mean? A．Recoverable. B．Adjustable. C．Temporary. D．Permanent. 6．What can we learn about the climate threshold? A．It is higher than current speed of global warming. B．It was set mainly to protect warm-water coral reefs. C．It comes before the climate’s entering a new stable state. D．It has not been crossed as temperatures are under control. 7．What is Tim Lenton’s attitude towards climate tipping points? A．Concerned. B．Optimistic. C．Doubtful. D．Uncaring. 8．What can be inferred about the Amazon rainforest according to the report? A．Its deforestation rates will slow down. B．Its threshold for collapse has been adjusted lower. C．It will remain safe if global temperature stays below 1. 5℃. D．It is more sensitive to warming than warm-water coral reefs. 【答案】5．D 6．C 7．A 8．B 【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。介绍了一份新报告指出地球已达到首个气候临界点，并阐述了气候临界点的定义、影响及其他生态系统面临的风险。 5．词句猜测题。根据第二段“A climate tipping point set by scientists refers to a threshold (临界点) in the climate system at which it shifts from one stable state to another. Once this “threshold” is crossed, the state of the climate system can undergo significant and often irreversible changes, with potentially disastrous impacts on life on Earth. (科学家设定的气候临界点，指的是气候系统中从一个稳定状态转变为另一个稳定状态的节点。一旦越过这个“临界点”，气候系统的状态会发生重大且通常是____的变化，对地球上的生命造成潜在的灾难性影响)”可知，“越过临界点后的变化”与“灾难性影响”提示该变化是无法逆转的。“Permanent (永久的)”符合语义。故选D项。 6．细节理解题。根据第二段“A climate tipping point set by scientists refers to a threshold (临界点) in the climate system at which it shifts from one stable state to another. (科学家设定的气候临界点，指的是气候系统中从一个稳定状态转变为另一个稳定状态的节点)”可知，临界点是气候进入新稳定状态之前的节点。故选C项。 7．推理判断题。根据第四段“Tim Lenton, the lead author of the report, emphasized that we can no longer treat tipping points as a future risk. The first tipping point, a large-scale dieback of warm-water coral reefs, has already been reached. (该报告的主要作者Tim Lenton强调，我们不能再将临界点视为未来的风险。首个临界点——暖水珊瑚礁的大规模死亡——已经出现)”可知，Tim Lenton对气候临界点的态度是担忧的。故选A项。 8．推理判断题。根据第五段“That same rainforest system is now at risk of collapsing once the average global temperature warms beyond just 1.5 degrees Celsius based on deforestation rates, the report said, revising down the estimated threshold for the Amazon. (报告称，考虑到森林砍伐率，一旦全球平均气温上升超过1.5摄氏度，这片雨林系统现在就面临崩溃的风险，报告同时下调了亚马逊雨林的临界点估值)”可知，亚马逊雨林崩溃的临界点被调低了。故选B项。 Passage 3 阅读七选五 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（2026·河北省石家庄市正定中学开学） For countless generations, trillions of coral polyps (珊瑚虫) have lived and died, leaving behind a material called limestone (石灰岩). Throughout history, limestone was used to construct the Great Pyramid of Egypt, as well as many churches and castles. 1 . They can be even larger in scale than the most impressive buildings and structures made by humans. A diversity of life A living coral reef is a “city beneath the sea” filled with a rich variety of life. Most coral reefs can be found in warm, shallow oceans. They occupy a small part of the ocean floor, but host 25 percent of all ocean life. Each reef is full of colorful fish as well as coral that forms wonderful patterns. 2 , the reefs serve as vital food sources for fish. Threats to coral reefs Human activities pose serious threats to coral reefs around the world. 3 . Additionally, illegal fishing methods also harm reefs. These methods can help fishermen get a good catch, but their negative effects on the reefs are significant. Blast (爆破) fishing involves setting off bombs in the water to kill as many fish as possible. This kills most living things nearby and causes damage to the reef’s structure. 4 . A 2018 UN report warned that up to 99 percent of the world’s coral reefs could decline if climate change continues. 5 These threats to coral reefs are serious, but there is hope for coral reef survival. If we take steps toward coral reef conservation, it is likely that these tiny creatures — which survived natural threats for millions of years — will be able to rebuild. A．Reasons for hope B．Methods of protection C．In addition to their beauty D．Apart from this ocean life E．Moreover, global warming has caused many reefs to become sick F．For example, reefs can be damaged when the coral is used as building materials G．However, the most impressive limestone formations can be found underwater in the form of coral reefs 【答案】1．G 2．C 3．F 4．E 5．A 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了珊瑚礁的形成、其丰富的生物多样性，以及面临的人类活动和气候变化等威胁，最后提及保护珊瑚礁仍有希望。 1．根据空前的“Throughout history, limestone was used to construct the Great Pyramid of Egypt, as well as many churches and castles. (纵观历史，石灰岩被用来建造埃及的大金字塔，以及许多教堂和城堡。)”以及空后的“They can be even larger in scale than the most impressive buildings and structures made by humans. (它们的规模甚至可能比人类建造的最令人印象深刻的建筑和构筑物还要大。)”可知，此空应转折说明最令人印象深刻的石灰岩构造是水下的珊瑚礁，“they”指代珊瑚礁。G选项“However, the most impressive limestone formations can be found underwater in the form of coral reefs (然而，最令人印象深刻的石灰岩构造以珊瑚礁的形式存在于水下)”中的“limestone formations”与前文“limestone”相呼应，“however”形成转折，符合语境。故选G项。 2．根据空前的“Each reef is full of colorful fish as well as coral that forms wonderful patterns. (每个珊瑚礁都充满了色彩斑斓的鱼以及形成奇妙图案的珊瑚。)”以及空后的“the reefs serve as vital food sources for fish. (珊瑚礁是鱼类重要的食物来源。)”可知，此空应承接前文珊瑚礁的美观，补充说明其除了美观之外的作用。C选项“In addition to their beauty (除了它们的美观之外)”中的“their”指代前文的“reefs”，“in addition to”引出下文的其他作用，符合语境。故选C项。 3．根据空前的“Human activities pose serious threats to coral reefs around the world. (人类活动对世界各地的珊瑚礁构成了严重威胁。)”可知，此空应举例说明人类活动对珊瑚礁的具体威胁。F选项“For example, reefs can be damaged when the coral is used as building materials (例如，当珊瑚被用作建筑材料时，珊瑚礁可能会受到破坏)”中的“for example”承接前文，举例说明人类利用珊瑚作为建材这一活动对珊瑚礁的威胁，符合语境。故选F项。 4．根据空前的“Blast (爆破) fishing involves setting off bombs in the water to kill as many fish as possible. This kills most living things nearby and causes damage to the reef’s structure. (爆破捕鱼是指在水中引爆炸弹，以杀死尽可能多的鱼。这会杀死附近的大多数生物，并破坏珊瑚礁的结构。)”以及空后的“A 2018 UN report warned that up to 99 percent of the world’s coral reefs could decline if climate change continues. (2018年联合国的一份报告警告称，如果气候变化继续下去，全球高达99%的珊瑚礁可能会衰退。)”可知，此空应补充说明另一个威胁珊瑚礁的因素——全球变暖。E选项“Moreover, global warming has caused many reefs to become sick (此外，全球变暖已经导致许多珊瑚礁患病)”中的“moreover”承接前文的爆破捕鱼威胁，引出全球变暖这一威胁，且与空后“climate change”相呼应，符合语境。故选E项。 5．分析语篇可知，此处应为本段的小标题，与其他段落相同，应为名词短语形式，根据空后的“These threats to coral reefs are serious, but there is hope for coral reef survival. If we take steps toward coral reef conservation, it is likely that these tiny creatures — which survived natural threats for millions of years — will be able to rebuild. (这些对珊瑚礁的威胁是严重的，但珊瑚礁的生存仍有希望。如果我们采取措施保护珊瑚礁，这些在数百万年里抵御了自然威胁的微小生物或许能够重建家园。)”可知，本段讲述的内容与珊瑚礁生存的希望相关。A选项“Reasons for hope (希望的理由)”能概括本段主题，适合作本段小标题。故选A项。 Passage 4 完形填空 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。 This past summer I set out on a journey to Canada’s Arctic. When I left I was wrapped in a blanket of uncertainty and 1 . But when I first met the group members, I knew I didn’t have anything to 2 . The group was amazingly 3 and I was soon part of a big family boarding on an amazing 4 ! Approaching the Arctic, I was repeatedly 5 with its unusual largeness and its beauty. There I flew over vast glaciers (冰河) and stood on the frozen Arctic Ocean, 6   polar bears walk in search of seal holes, and 7 wait for a meal. However, I also learned the pollutants carried by ocean from far away have a negative 8 on all Arctic inhabitants. And global warming has put polar bears at 9 because a warmer climate means that they have a shorter time to 10 seals on the ice. During the journey, I talked with some 11 scientists about the ruins of homes once 12 by the ancient Thule people. I made good friends with people from different parts of world. The Arctic is a land of incredible beauty which 13 to be preserved. I’ve learned why it is so important to 14 it. This journey has made me more determined to try to 15 that I do not leave negative or harmful footprints on either Earth or its people. 1．A．relief B．anxiety C．pride D．argument 2．A．put up B．prepare for C．give up D．worry about 3．A．easy-going B．well-behaved C．sensitive D．flexible 4．A．failure B．performance C．adventure D．conflict 5．A．embarrassed B．ashamed C．amused D．shocked 6．A．watching B．organizing C．noticing D．guessing 7．A．painfully B．patiently C．unconsciously D．doubtfully 8．A．source B．reaction C．effect D．development 9．A．rest B．ease C．peace D．risk 10．A．hunt B．explore C．help D．meet 11．A．demanding B．learned C．modest D．rigid 12．A．classified B．decorated C．confused D．occupied 13．A．promises B．benefits C．deserves D．intends 14．A．take care of B．make use of C．run out of D．became tired of 15．A．deny B．ensure C．argue D．overlook 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．D 6．A 7．B 8．C 9．D 10．A 11．B 12．D 13．C 14．A 15．B 【解析】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者去年夏天去北极，看到了北极美丽的景色和动物，也明白了保护北极环境的重要性。 1．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我离开时，我被不确定和焦虑所笼罩。A. relief安慰；B. anxiety焦虑；C. pride骄傲；D. argument争论。根据上文“When I left I was wrapped in a blanket of uncertainty and”可知，作者离开时感到不确定和焦虑。故选B。 2．考查动词短语辨析。句意：但是当我第一次见到小组成员时，我知道我没有什么可担心的。A. put up举起；B. prepare for准备；C. give up放弃；D. worry about担心。根据后文“I was soon part of a big family”可知，作者很快融入了团队，所以是没有什么可担心的。故选D。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个团队非常随和，我很快就成为了一个大家庭的一员，开始了一场惊人的冒险！A. easy-going随和的；B. well-behaved行为端正的；C. sensitive敏感的；D. flexible灵活的。根据后文“I was soon part of a big family”作者能很快融入，说明团队很随和。故选A。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个团队非常随和，我很快就成为了一个大家庭的一员，开始了一场惊人的冒险！A. failure失败；B. performance演出；C. adventure冒险；D. conflict冲突。根据上文“This past summer I set out on a journey to Canada’s Arctic.(去年夏天，我踏上了去加拿大北极的旅程)”可知，此处指去北极的冒险。故选C。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我走近北极的时候，不断地被它的广大和美丽所震撼。A. embarrassed尴尬的；B. ashamed羞愧的；C. amused觉得好笑的；D. shocked震惊的。根据后文“with its unusual largeness and its beauty”可知，作者被北极的广大和美丽所震撼。故选D。 6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那里，我飞过巨大的冰川，站在冰冻的北冰洋上，看着北极熊寻找海豹洞，耐心地等待一顿饭。A. watching观看；B. organizing组织；C. noticing注意到；D. guessing猜测。根据后文“polar bears walk in search of seal holes”可知，作者看到了北极熊寻找海豹洞，故选A。 7．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在那里，我飞过巨大的冰川，站在冰冻的北冰洋上，看着北极熊寻找海豹洞，耐心地等待一顿饭。A. painfully痛苦地；B. patiently耐心地；C. unconsciously无意识地；D. doubtfully怀疑地。根据后文“wait for a meal”可知，北极熊耐心等待自己的猎物。故选B。 8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，我也了解到海洋从远方带来的污染物对所有北极居民都有负面影响。A. source来源；B. reaction反应；C. effect影响；D. development发展。根据上文“the pollutants carried by ocean from far away have a negative”指污染物对北极居民有负面影响，have a negative effect on表示“对……有负面影响”。故选C。 9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：全球变暖使北极熊处于危险之中，因为气候变暖意味着它们在冰上捕猎海豹的时间变短了。A. rest休息；B. ease自在；C. peace和平；D. risk风险。后文“they have a shorter time”提到北极熊捕猎时间变短，可知全球变暖使北极熊处于危险之中，故选D。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：全球变暖使北极熊处于危险之中，因为气候变暖意味着它们在冰上捕猎海豹的时间变短了。A. hunt打猎；B. explore探索；C. help帮助；D. meet遇见。根据后文“seals on the ice”指北极熊狩猎海豹为食。故选A。 11．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在旅途中，我和一些博学的科学家谈论了古代图勒人曾经居住过的房屋废墟。A. demanding要求高的；B. learned博学的；C. modest谦虚的；D. rigid死板的。根据后文“ancient Thule people”可知，他们谈论古人，可见很博学。故选B。 12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在旅途中，我和一些博学的科学家谈论了古代图勒人曾经居住过的房屋废墟。A. classified分类；B. decorated装饰；C. confused使困惑；D. occupied占据。根据上文“the ruins of homes once”可知，这些房屋曾经是古人所占有的。故选D。 13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：北极是一片令人难以置信的美丽土地，值得保护。A. promises承诺；B. benefits获益；C. deserves值得；D. intends打算。根据上文“The Arctic is a land of incredible beauty which”可知，北极很美丽，值得人们保护。故选C。 14．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我明白了为什么照顾它是如此重要。A. take care of照顾；B. make use of利用；C. run out of用完；D. became tired of厌倦。呼应上文“to be preserved”指保护和照顾北极很重要。故选A。 15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这次旅行使我更加坚定决心，努力确保我不会给地球或地球上的人们留下负面或有害的足迹。A. deny否认；B. ensure确保；C. argue争论；D. overlook忽视。根据后文“that I do not leave negative or harmful footprints on either Earth or its people”可知，作者有了环保意识，努力确保不会给地球或地球上的人们留下负面或有害的足迹。故选B。 Passage 5 语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Every year, the world needs more energy. As countries develop and populations grow, energy demand rises. Historically, coal, oil and gas have been primary sources, but their use causes 1 (pollute) and climate change. Luckily, many countries are switching from dirty fossil fuels to clean, green and renewable energy sources. Fossil fuels like coal and oil release harmful gases, like carbon dioxide, which add 2 global warming. Plus, these fuels will run out eventually. Once 3 source has been used up, another must 4 (find), and finding new sources becomes more difficult and expensive over time. With no emissions or waste, renewable energy sources cause 5 (limit) damage to the environment. They are renewable because they can be 6 (natural) replaced and can therefore be consumed without the risk of 7 (use) them up. Can renewables really be the future of energy? Our modern world has been built on fossil fuels, so it is tough 8 (change) quickly. But China and others use more renewables. Given the problems of climate change, there is little doubt 9 they will continue to grow. New battery technology, for example, solves the problem of bringing electricity from 10 (distance) sources to cities. Along with our being more aware of our energy consumption and waste, a clean and green energy future is possible and necessary. 【答案】 1．pollution 2．to 3．a/one 4．be found 5．limited 6．naturally 7．using 8．to change 9．that 10．distant 【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了传统化石燃料带来污染和气候变化等问题，而可再生能源环保且可再生，虽转变不易，但未来发展前景好。 1．考查名词。句意：从历史上看，煤炭、石油和天然气一直是主要能源，但它们的使用会造成污染和气候变化。揭示词作宾语，用名词pollution，意为“污染”，不可数名词。故填pollution。 2．考查介词。句意：像煤炭和石油这样的化石燃料会释放有害气体，如二氧化碳，这会加剧全球变暖。add to是固定短语，意为“增加，加剧”。故填to。 3．考查冠词和数词。句意：一旦一种能源被用完，就必须找到另一种，而且随着时间的推移，寻找新的能源会变得更加困难和昂贵。可数名词source在句中表示“一种能源”，泛指，可用数词one修饰；也用冠词修饰，因source是发音以元音音素开头的单词，应用不定冠词a修饰。故填a/one。 4．考查被动语态。句意：一旦一种能源被用完，就必须找到另一种，而且随着时间的推移，寻找新的能源会变得更加困难和昂贵。find(找到，发现)是主句谓语动词，与主语another(指代另一种能源)之间是被动关系，且must是情态动词，后接动词原形，所以用be found。故填be found。 5．考查形容词。句意：由于没有排放物或废弃物，可再生能源对环境造成的破坏有限。提示词修饰名词damage，用形容词limited作定语，意为“有限的”。故填limited。 6．考查副词。句意：它们是可再生的，因为它们可以自然地得到补充，因此可以被消耗而不用担心用完。提示词修饰动词replaced，用副词naturally作状语，意为“自然地”。故填naturally。 7．考查动名词。句意：它们是可再生的，因为它们可以自然地得到补充，因此可以被消耗而不用担心用完。提示词作介词of后的宾语，用动名词形式using。故填using。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们现代世界是建立在化石燃料基础上的，所以要快速改变很困难。“It is + 形容词 + to do sth.”是固定句型，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语，所以用to change作主语。故填to change。 9．考查同位语从句。句意：考虑到气候变化的问题，毫无疑问它们将继续发展。“there is little doubt that...”是固定句型，that引导同位语从句，解释说明doubt的具体内容。故填that。 10．考查形容词。句意：例如，新的电池技术解决了将电力从遥远的能源输送到城市的问题。提示词修饰名词sources，应用形容词distant作定语，意为“遥远的”。故填distant。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 10 / 22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $