寒假作业05 Unit 4 Natural Disasters 基础巩固+能力提升+外刊时文-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版必修第一册

寒假作业05 新人教版必修一 Unit4 Natural Disasters 基础巩固+能力提升+外刊时文 限时：90分钟 满分：150分 完成时间：_____年 月 日 测试成绩：_______ 一、单元话题分析 本单元围绕 “Natural disasters（自然灾害）” 核心话题，涵盖常见灾害类型（地震、洪水、台风、泥石流等）、灾害成因与危害、灾害预警与应急应对、灾后救援与重建等核心内容，是培养学生防灾减灾意识、提升跨文化语境下灾害相关英语表达能力的重要载体。单元词汇、句型多聚焦灾害描述、救援行动、安全建议、损失表达等实操场景，语法重点围绕定语从句、一般过去时 / 过去进行时、被动语态及祈使句的警示表达展开。 通过本单元学习，学生既能掌握自然灾害相关基础语言知识，又能学会在真实语境中运用英语描述灾害、表达预警、讲述救援行动。本作业紧扣单元核心，兼顾基础知识默写与高考题型实战，同时融入灾害防护相关实用素材，助力学生巩固提升，实现语言输入与输出的闭环训练。 二、基础知识巩固检测，共60分。 一、词性变化默写（15 个，每空 1 分，共 40 分） 1. disaster n. 灾难；灾害 → _______ adj. 灾难性的；极糟糕的 2. destroy v. 摧毁；毁灭 → _______ n. 摧毁；毁灭 → _______ adj. 毁灭性的；破坏力极强的 3. damage v.&n. 损害；损伤 → _______ adj. 受损的；被破坏的 4. safe adj. 安全的；平安的 → _______ n. 安全；平安 → _______ adv. 安全地；平安地 5. danger n. 危险 → _______ adj. 危险的 → _______ v. 使遭受危险；危及 → _______ adj. 濒危的；遭遇危险的 6. protect v. 保护；防护 → _______ n. 保护；防护 → _______ adj. 保护的；防护的 7. rescue v.&n. 营救；救援 → _______ n. 救援者；营救者 8. warn v. 警告；告诫；警示 → _______ n. 警告；警示 9. lose v. 失去；丢失；丧失 → _______ n. 损失；丧失 → _______ adj. 迷路的；丢失的；丧失的 10. build v. 建造；修建；重建 → _______ n. 建筑物；楼房 → _______ n. 重建；重建工程 → _______ adj. 建成的；建好的 11. strong adj. 强壮的；牢固的；强烈的 → _______ n. 力量；力气；强度 → _______ adv. 强烈地；牢固地；坚决地 12. report v.&n. 报道；报告 → _______ n. 记者；通讯员 → _______ adj. 据报道的 13. frighten v. 使害怕；使惊恐 → _______ adj. 害怕的；受惊的 → _______ adj. 令人害怕的；吓人的 → _______ n. 恐惧；惊恐 14. hope v.&n. 希望 → _______ adj. 有希望的 → _______ adj. 无望的；没有希望的 → _______ adv. 有希望地 15. use v.&n. 使用；利用 → _______ adj. 有用的；有益的 → _______ adj. 无用的；无效的 → _______ n. 使用者；用户 二、重点短语默写（10 个，每空 1 分，共 10 分） 请根据汉语提示，写出对应的英语短语。 1. 突发地震 ________ ________ 2. 遭受损失 ________ ________ ________ 3. 发出警告 ________ ________ 4. 实施救援 ________ ________ 5. 重建家园 ________ ________ ________ 6. 处于危险中 ________ ________ ________ 7. 确保安全 ________ ________ ________ 8. 遭受损害 ________ ________ ________ 9. 切断电源 ________ ________ ________ 10. 被困在 ________ ________ ________ 三、关键句型默写（5 个，每空 2 分，共 10 分） 1. 令我们震惊的是，这座小镇在洪水中遭到了严重破坏。 _______ _______ _______, the small town _______ _______ _______ in the flood. 2. 人们被警告不要在台风来临期间外出。 People _______ _______ _______ _______ go out during the coming of the typhoon. 3. 救援人员花了五天时间搜寻地震中被困的人。 Rescuers spent five days _______ _______ the people _______ _______ in the earthquake. 4. 我们应该采取行动保护自己免受自然灾害的伤害。 We should _______ _______ to protect ourselves _______ natural disasters. 5. 这是我听说过的最严重的一次自然灾害。 This is one of the most serious natural disasters _______ I _______ _______ _______. 3、 单元能力培优检测 第三部分 高考题型练习（共 90 分） 一、阅读理解（两节，共 32.5 分） 第一节（共 10 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 20 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A On the morning of March 2nd, a 5.2-magnitude earthquake hit a small town in southwest China. The quake happened at 6:15 a.m. when most people were still at home, which reduced the number of injuries significantly. Luckily, the earthquake was not strong enough to cause serious damage to most buildings, as the town had built all new houses with earthquake-resistant materials since 2020. Right after the quake, the local government started rescue work at once. Rescue teams were sent to check the damaged buildings and help people who were trapped. Medical workers set up temporary medical stations to treat the injured, and food and water were provided for the people in need. Local volunteers also joined in the work, carrying supplies and comforting those who felt frightened. Within three days, the normal life of the town began to return. The damaged roads were repaired, and the power and water supply were restored. Local people worked together to clean up the streets and fix their houses. This earthquake taught everyone the importance of disaster prevention, and the town decided to hold regular safety training for all residents to prepare for possible natural disasters in the future. 1.When did the earthquake hit the small town? A. At 6:15 a.m. on March 2nd. B. At 6:15 p.m. on March 2nd. C. At 5:20 a.m. on March 3rd. D. At 5:20 p.m. on March 3rd. 2.Why didn’t the earthquake cause serious building damage? A. The quake was a very small one. B. Most people were at home during the quake. C. New houses used earthquake-resistant materials. D. Rescue work started immediately after the quake. 3.What did medical workers do after the earthquake? A. Repaired the damaged roads and power lines. B. Set up temporary medical stations to treat the injured. C. Carried supplies and comforted frightened people. D. Checked damaged buildings and helped trapped people. 4.How soon did the town’s normal life return? A. Within one day. B. Within three days. C. Within a week. D. Within a month. 5.What decision did the town make after the earthquake? A. To build more new houses for residents. B. To stop using materials that are not earthquake-resistant. C. To provide more food and water for the people in need. D. To hold regular safety training for all residents. B Typhoons are one of the most common natural disasters in coastal areas of China, usually happening from July to September every year. A typhoon brings strong winds, heavy rain and big waves, which can cause floods, landslides and damage to buildings and crops. To keep people safe, the meteorological department always issues typhoon warnings in advance, telling people the time, path and strength of the typhoon. There are three levels of typhoon warnings in China: blue, yellow and red, with red being the most serious. When a blue warning is issued, people are advised to close windows and doors and bring outdoor things inside. For a yellow warning, schools and kindergartens may close, and outdoor activities are stopped. If a red warning is issued, all public transport is suspended, and people must stay indoors to avoid danger. Besides following the official warnings, people can also take some self-protection measures. Preparing an emergency kit with water, food, a flashlight and a first-aid kit is necessary. It’s also important to cut off the power and gas if the wind is too strong, to prevent fires or electric shocks. After the typhoon, people should not go outside immediately, as there may be fallen trees, broken glass or unstable buildings. 6.When do typhoons usually happen in China’s coastal areas? A. From January to March. B. From April to June. C. From July to September. D. From October to December. 7.What is the most serious typhoon warning level in China? A. Blue. B. Yellow. C. Red. D. Orange. 8.What should people do when a blue typhoon warning is issued? A. Stay indoors and stop all outdoor activities. B. Close windows and doors and bring outdoor things inside. C. Suspend all public transport and avoid going out. D. Prepare an emergency kit with water and food. 9.Why should people cut off power and gas during a strong typhoon? A. To save energy for the emergency. B. To prevent fires or electric shocks. C. To avoid damage to the power lines. D. To keep the room cool and safe. 10.What advice is given to people after the typhoon? A. Go outside at once to clean up the streets. B. Check the damaged buildings and repair them quickly. C. Don’t go outside immediately for hidden dangers. D. Restart all public transport and outdoor activities. 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How to Keep Safe in Natural Disasters Natural disasters like earthquakes, typhoons and floods can happen suddenly, bringing great harm to people’s lives and property. Knowing how to keep safe in such situations is very important for everyone. Here are some practical tips to help you protect yourself. ______ (11) When an earthquake happens, stay calm first. If you are indoors, hide under a strong table or desk and stay away from windows and heavy furniture. If you are outdoors, move to an open area and avoid tall buildings, trees and power lines. Prepare an emergency kit before disasters come. ______ (12) The kit should include enough water and food for three days, a flashlight, a first-aid kit, a radio and some warm clothes. Keep it in an easy-to-reach place at home. Follow official warnings and instructions at all times. ______ (13) The meteorological and civil affairs departments will issue timely warnings and tell people how to respond. Don’t believe or spread untrue information on the Internet. Help each other and stay united in disasters. ______ (14) For example, you can help the elderly and children to escape to safe places, and share your water and food with those who have nothing. Teamwork can make the rescue work more efficient. Learn basic first-aid skills for emergency situations. ______ (15) If someone is injured in a disaster, you can give simple treatment like stopping bleeding or doing CPR before medical workers arrive. This can save the person’s life in critical moments. A. Stay calm and take proper action. B. Learn to predict natural disasters in advance. C. It can help you survive for a few days on your own. D. Different natural disasters require different rescue methods. E. Official information is the most reliable in natural disasters. F. First-aid skills can make a big difference in saving lives. G. Disasters are not the time for selfishness, but for cooperation. 二、完形填空（15 空，每题 1 分，共 15 分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Last summer, a heavy rain hit our city for three days and nights, which caused a terrible flood. The water rose quickly and ______ (1) many streets and houses. I was at home with my family at that time, and we were all ______ (2) because we had never experienced such a big disaster before. My father ______ (3) to turn off the power and gas at once to keep us safe. Then he moved all the valuable things to the second floor of our house. My mother prepared some water and food, and she also put a first-aid kit and a flashlight in a bag, in case we needed to ______ (4) our house. The water kept rising, and soon it reached the first floor, making the room cold and ______ (5). We could hear people shouting for help outside. ______ (6), the rescue team arrived in a boat an hour later. They helped the elderly and children to get on the boat first. When it was our turn, my father ______ (7) me and my little sister to the boat, and my mother followed with the emergency bag. We were all saved and taken to a temporary ______ (8) center, where many other homeless people were staying. At the center, volunteers ______ (9) us with hot food and warm clothes. We also met some neighbors who were saved by the rescue team too. We talked and comforted each other, sharing our ______ (10) and hopes. The flood destroyed our house, but it couldn’t break our spirit. After the flood, the government ______ (11) to repair the damaged houses and roads quickly. Many people volunteered to help clean up the city. My family and I moved back to our house two weeks later, after it was ______ (12). This experience made me realize how important it is to learn disaster safety knowledge. It also taught me the power of ______ (13) — when people work together, they can overcome any ______ (14). Now, I keep an emergency kit at home all the time, and I also learn more about how to keep safe in natural disasters. I hope everyone can pay attention to disaster prevention, so that we can be better ______ (15) for any possible natural disaster in the future. 1. A.covered B. cleaned C. built D. opened 2. A.excited B. frightened C. tired D. bored 3. A.forgot B. decided C. managed D. failed 4. A.enter B. leave C. repair D. clean 5. A.dry B. bright C. dirty D. warm 6. A.Suddenly B. Finally C. Luckily D. Immediately 7. A.carried B. pushed C. led D. followed 8. A.medical B. education C. sports D. shelter 9. A.provided B. refused C. hid D. bought 10. A.fears B. joys C. stories D. memories 11. A.stopped B. started C. continued D. forgot 12. A.damaged B. destroyed C. fixed D. built 13. A.courage B. teamwork C. wisdom D. kindness 14. A.danger B. difficulty C. disaster D. accident 15. A.ready B. sorry C. thankful D. famous 三、语法填空（10 空，每题 1.5 分，共 15 分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Forest fires are one of the most serious natural disasters in the world, ______ (1) can happen in any season but are more common in dry and hot weather. They are usually caused by two factors: human activities and natural reasons. Most forest fires ______ (2) (start) by human activities like smoking, camping or burning rubbish in the forest. Natural reasons such as lightning ______ (3) (be) also a cause of forest fires. Forest fires can bring great harm to the environment. They can destroy trees and plants, and kill a large number of wild animals. ______ (4) (serious), they can also cause air pollution, as the smoke from the fire contains many harmful chemicals. Besides, forest fires can put people’s lives in danger, ______ (5) (especial) those who live near the forest. To prevent forest fires, we need to take effective measures. First, people should be educated about the danger of forest fires and ______ (6) (tell) not to do dangerous activities in the forest. Second, the government should set up more fire observation towers to watch for possible fires ______ (7) time. Third, professional fire-fighting teams should be trained well to put out forest fires quickly when they happen. If a forest fire ______ (8) (break) out, it’s important to keep calm and follow the official instructions. People living near the forest should leave their homes and move to safe places ______ (9) (immediate). Firefighters play a key role in putting out forest fires, but they also need to protect ______ (10) (they) while working. Forest fires are preventable. Everyone has a responsibility to protect the forest and stop forest fires from happening. 四、应用文写作（80-100 词，15 分） 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友 Tom 对中国的自然灾害防范知识很感兴趣，他想了解中学生在自然灾害中该如何自我保护，向你寻求建议。请你给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括： 1.表达对他的回复意愿； 2.给出 2-3 条具体的自我保护建议； 3.表达祝愿。 词数 80-100，邮件格式正确。 四、外刊和时文文章阅读（每小题2分，满分10分） 一、外刊原文 原文（出处：《BBC Future》2025 年 12 月文章 “Tech in disaster prevention: How AI keeps us safe”） AI is changing the way we prevent and deal with natural disasters, turning from simple prediction to accurate early warning. Unlike traditional warning systems that only give general alerts a few hours in advance, AI-powered systems can collect data from satellites, weather stations and sensors to forecast disasters like typhoons and floods days earlier, with far higher accuracy. Experts say this technology has cut disaster losses significantly worldwide. For example, an AI typhoon warning system in Southeast Asia now predicts typhoon paths with a 95% accuracy rate, giving coastal communities an extra 48 hours to prepare. “AI doesn’t stop disasters from happening,” says disaster tech researcher Mia Lee, “but it gives people enough time to move to safety, protect their homes and reduce injuries and deaths.” AI also helps with post-disaster rescue work. Smart drones can quickly scan disaster-hit areas to find trapped people, while AI big data systems can track the needs of homeless people and send emergency supplies like food and water to where they are most needed. It’s a game-changer: rescue work becomes faster and more efficient, and more lives are saved in critical moments. 二、时文原文 原文（出处：《2025-2026 全球自然灾害防范发展报告》2026 年 1 月发布） Extreme weather-related natural disasters increased by 18% globally in 2025 compared to 2024, with floods and heatwaves being the most common types, according to the latest global disaster prevention report. Asia saw the biggest drop in disaster losses, thanks to the wide use of AI early warning systems and the building of more emergency shelters in coastal and flood-prone areas. In China, disaster prevention education has been made a part of middle school courses in 2025, with students learning basic self-protection skills like earthquake hiding and typhoon safety through practical training and simulation drills. The country also built 3,200 new emergency shelters last year, covering all major cities and disaster-prone counties. The report forecasts that global disaster prevention will focus on three key areas in 2026: wider AI early warning system promotion, more international cooperation in disaster rescue, and further popularization of disaster prevention education among teenagers. It also notes that low-income countries will get more tech support from the international community to improve their disaster prevention ability. 外刊时文阅读理解(每小题 2 分，共 10 分） 1.What makes AI-powered warning systems different from traditional ones? A. It can stop natural disasters from happening. B. It provides more accurate and earlier warnings. C. It only gives alerts for typhoons and floods. D. It collects data only from weather stations. 2.What benefit does the AI typhoon warning system bring to Southeast Asia? A. It cuts the number of typhoons by 95%. B. It builds more emergency shelters for coastal communities. C. It gives an extra 48 hours for disaster preparation. D. It sends emergency supplies to disaster-hit areas quickly. 3.What natural disasters were the most common globally in 2025? A. Earthquakes and typhoons. B. Floods and heatwaves. C. Landslides and forest fires. D. Tsunamis and droughts. 4.How does China carry out disaster prevention education in middle schools? A. By adding it to middle school courses with practical training. B. By building more emergency shelters in school areas. C. By inviting disaster tech researchers to give lectures. D. By providing free AI warning systems for schools. 5.Which is NOT a key focus of global disaster prevention in 2026? A. Promoting AI early warning systems widely. B. Strengthening international rescue cooperation. C. Stopping all extreme weather-related disasters. D. Popularizing disaster prevention education among teens. 外刊翻译 人工智能正在改变我们防范和应对自然灾害的方式，从简单的预测转变为精准的早期预警。与传统的预警系统仅能提前数小时发布通用警报不同，人工智能驱动的系统能从卫星、气象站和传感器收集数据，提前数天预测台风、洪水等灾害，且准确率大幅提升。 专家表示，这项技术已在全球范围内显著降低了灾害损失。例如，东南亚的一套人工智能台风预警系统如今预测台风路径的准确率达 95%，为沿海社区提供了额外 48 小时的防灾准备时间。“人工智能无法阻止灾害的发生，” 灾害科技研究员米娅・李说，“但它能给人们足够的时间转移到安全地带、保护家园，减少人员伤亡。” 人工智能也为灾后救援工作提供了助力。智能无人机能快速扫描受灾地区，找到被困人员；而人工智能大数据系统能追踪无家可归者的需求，将食品、水等应急物资送往最需要的地方。这一技术带来了颠覆性的改变：救援工作变得更快速、更高效，在关键时刻挽救了更多生命。 时文翻译 最新的全球防灾报告显示，2025 年全球与极端天气相关的自然灾害较 2024 年增加 18%，其中洪水和热浪是最常见的类型。得益于人工智能早期预警系统的广泛应用，以及沿海和洪水易发区新建了更多应急避难所，亚洲地区的灾害损失降幅最大。 2025 年，中国将防灾教育纳入中学课程体系，学生通过实操训练和模拟演练，学习地震避险、台风防护等基础自我保护技能。中国去年还新建了 3200 个应急避难所，覆盖所有主要城市和灾害易发县。 该报告预测，2026 年全球防灾工作将聚焦三大核心领域：进一步推广人工智能早期预警系统、加强灾害救援的国际合作、向青少年进一步普及防灾教育。报告还指出，低收入国家将获得国际社会更多的技术支持，以提升其防灾能力。 五、错题复盘 温馨提示：本作业所有语篇及题目均贴合Unit4单元话题，兼顾基础巩固与山东高考命题趋势，建议结合解析查漏补缺，重点掌握单元核心词汇、短语及句型，并进行归纳总结，为后续学习奠定基础。 知识补漏:错一改三，重复记忆 1、__________________________________________________________________________________ 2、__________________________________________________________________________________ 3、__________________________________________________________________________________ 4、__________________________________________________________________________________ 5、__________________________________________________________________________________ 技巧总结：归纳总结，举一反三 1、__________________________________________________________________________________ 2、__________________________________________________________________________________ 3、__________________________________________________________________________________ 4、__________________________________________________________________________________ 5、__________________________________________________________________________________ 第 1 页 共 15 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 寒假作业05 新人教版必修一 Unit4 Natural Disasters 基础巩固+能力提升+外刊时文 限时：90分钟 满分：150分 完成时间：_____年 月 日 测试成绩：_______ 一、单元话题分析 本单元围绕 “Natural disasters（自然灾害）” 核心话题，涵盖常见灾害类型（地震、洪水、台风、泥石流等）、灾害成因与危害、灾害预警与应急应对、灾后救援与重建等核心内容，是培养学生防灾减灾意识、提升跨文化语境下灾害相关英语表达能力的重要载体。单元词汇、句型多聚焦灾害描述、救援行动、安全建议、损失表达等实操场景，语法重点围绕定语从句、一般过去时 / 过去进行时、被动语态及祈使句的警示表达展开。 通过本单元学习，学生既能掌握自然灾害相关基础语言知识，又能学会在真实语境中运用英语描述灾害、表达预警、讲述救援行动。本作业紧扣单元核心，兼顾基础知识默写与高考题型实战，同时融入灾害防护相关实用素材，助力学生巩固提升，实现语言输入与输出的闭环训练。 二、基础知识巩固检测，共60分。 一、词性变化默写（15 个，每空 1 分，共 40 分） 1. disaster n. 灾难；灾害 → _______ adj. 灾难性的；极糟糕的 2. destroy v. 摧毁；毁灭 → _______ n. 摧毁；毁灭 → _______ adj. 毁灭性的；破坏力极强的 3. damage v.&n. 损害；损伤 → _______ adj. 受损的；被破坏的 4. safe adj. 安全的；平安的 → _______ n. 安全；平安 → _______ adv. 安全地；平安地 5. danger n. 危险 → _______ adj. 危险的 → _______ v. 使遭受危险；危及 → _______ adj. 濒危的；遭遇危险的 6. protect v. 保护；防护 → _______ n. 保护；防护 → _______ adj. 保护的；防护的 7. rescue v.&n. 营救；救援 → _______ n. 救援者；营救者 8. warn v. 警告；告诫；警示 → _______ n. 警告；警示 9. lose v. 失去；丢失；丧失 → _______ n. 损失；丧失 → _______ adj. 迷路的；丢失的；丧失的 10. build v. 建造；修建；重建 → _______ n. 建筑物；楼房 → _______ n. 重建；重建工程 → _______ adj. 建成的；建好的 11. strong adj. 强壮的；牢固的；强烈的 → _______ n. 力量；力气；强度 → _______ adv. 强烈地；牢固地；坚决地 12. report v.&n. 报道；报告 → _______ n. 记者；通讯员 → _______ adj. 据报道的 13. frighten v. 使害怕；使惊恐 → _______ adj. 害怕的；受惊的 → _______ adj. 令人害怕的；吓人的 → _______ n. 恐惧；惊恐 14. hope v.&n. 希望 → _______ adj. 有希望的 → _______ adj. 无望的；没有希望的 → _______ adv. 有希望地 15. use v.&n. 使用；利用 → _______ adj. 有用的；有益的 → _______ adj. 无用的；无效的 → _______ n. 使用者；用户 二、重点短语默写（10 个，每空 1 分，共 10 分） 请根据汉语提示，写出对应的英语短语。 1. 突发地震 ________ ________ 2. 遭受损失 ________ ________ ________ 3. 发出警告 ________ ________ 4. 实施救援 ________ ________ 5. 重建家园 ________ ________ ________ 6. 处于危险中 ________ ________ ________ 7. 确保安全 ________ ________ ________ 8. 遭受损害 ________ ________ ________ 9. 切断电源 ________ ________ ________ 10. 被困在 ________ ________ ________ 三、关键句型默写（5 个，每空 2 分，共 10 分） 1. 令我们震惊的是，这座小镇在洪水中遭到了严重破坏。 _______ _______ _______, the small town _______ _______ _______ in the flood. 2. 人们被警告不要在台风来临期间外出。 People _______ _______ _______ _______ go out during the coming of the typhoon. 3. 救援人员花了五天时间搜寻地震中被困的人。 Rescuers spent five days _______ _______ the people _______ _______ in the earthquake. 4. 我们应该采取行动保护自己免受自然灾害的伤害。 We should _______ _______ to protect ourselves _______ natural disasters. 5. 这是我听说过的最严重的一次自然灾害。 This is one of the most serious natural disasters _______ I _______ _______ _______. 一、词性变化默写 1. Disastrous(注意词性的变化) 2. destruction; destructive 3. damaged 4. safety; safely 5. dangerous; endanger; endangered 6. protection; protective 7. rescuer 8. warning 9. loss; lost 10. building; rebuilding; built 11. strength; strongly 12. reporter; reported 13. frightened; frightening; fright 14. hopeful; hopeless; hopefully 15. useful; useless; user 二、重点短语默写 1. hit an earthquake 2. suffer great losses 3. give a warning 4. carry out rescue 5. rebuild one’s home 6. in danger 7. ensure personal safety 8. suffer damage to 9. cut off the power 10. be trapped in 三、关键句型默写 1. To our shock; was badly damaged 2. are warned not to 3. searching for; trapped in 4. take action; from 5. that; have ever heard of 3、 单元能力培优检测 第三部分 高考题型练习（共 90 分） 一、阅读理解（两节，共 32.5 分） 第一节（共 10 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 20 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A On the morning of March 2nd, a 5.2-magnitude earthquake hit a small town in southwest China. The quake happened at 6:15 a.m. when most people were still at home, which reduced the number of injuries significantly. Luckily, the earthquake was not strong enough to cause serious damage to most buildings, as the town had built all new houses with earthquake-resistant materials since 2020. Right after the quake, the local government started rescue work at once. Rescue teams were sent to check the damaged buildings and help people who were trapped. Medical workers set up temporary medical stations to treat the injured, and food and water were provided for the people in need. Local volunteers also joined in the work, carrying supplies and comforting those who felt frightened. Within three days, the normal life of the town began to return. The damaged roads were repaired, and the power and water supply were restored. Local people worked together to clean up the streets and fix their houses. This earthquake taught everyone the importance of disaster prevention, and the town decided to hold regular safety training for all residents to prepare for possible natural disasters in the future. 1.When did the earthquake hit the small town? A. At 6:15 a.m. on March 2nd. B. At 6:15 p.m. on March 2nd. C. At 5:20 a.m. on March 3rd. D. At 5:20 p.m. on March 3rd. 2.Why didn’t the earthquake cause serious building damage? A. The quake was a very small one. B. Most people were at home during the quake. C. New houses used earthquake-resistant materials. D. Rescue work started immediately after the quake. 3.What did medical workers do after the earthquake? A. Repaired the damaged roads and power lines. B. Set up temporary medical stations to treat the injured. C. Carried supplies and comforted frightened people. D. Checked damaged buildings and helped trapped people. 4.How soon did the town’s normal life return? A. Within one day. B. Within three days. C. Within a week. D. Within a month. 5.What decision did the town make after the earthquake? A. To build more new houses for residents. B. To stop using materials that are not earthquake-resistant. C. To provide more food and water for the people in need. D. To hold regular safety training for all residents. B Typhoons are one of the most common natural disasters in coastal areas of China, usually happening from July to September every year. A typhoon brings strong winds, heavy rain and big waves, which can cause floods, landslides and damage to buildings and crops. To keep people safe, the meteorological department always issues typhoon warnings in advance, telling people the time, path and strength of the typhoon. There are three levels of typhoon warnings in China: blue, yellow and red, with red being the most serious. When a blue warning is issued, people are advised to close windows and doors and bring outdoor things inside. For a yellow warning, schools and kindergartens may close, and outdoor activities are stopped. If a red warning is issued, all public transport is suspended, and people must stay indoors to avoid danger. Besides following the official warnings, people can also take some self-protection measures. Preparing an emergency kit with water, food, a flashlight and a first-aid kit is necessary. It’s also important to cut off the power and gas if the wind is too strong, to prevent fires or electric shocks. After the typhoon, people should not go outside immediately, as there may be fallen trees, broken glass or unstable buildings. 6.When do typhoons usually happen in China’s coastal areas? A. From January to March. B. From April to June. C. From July to September. D. From October to December. 7.What is the most serious typhoon warning level in China? A. Blue. B. Yellow. C. Red. D. Orange. 8.What should people do when a blue typhoon warning is issued? A. Stay indoors and stop all outdoor activities. B. Close windows and doors and bring outdoor things inside. C. Suspend all public transport and avoid going out. D. Prepare an emergency kit with water and food. 9.Why should people cut off power and gas during a strong typhoon? A. To save energy for the emergency. B. To prevent fires or electric shocks. C. To avoid damage to the power lines. D. To keep the room cool and safe. 10.What advice is given to people after the typhoon? A. Go outside at once to clean up the streets. B. Check the damaged buildings and repair them quickly. C. Don’t go outside immediately for hidden dangers. D. Restart all public transport and outdoor activities. 1. 答案：A 解析：根据文章第一段 “On the morning of March 2nd, a 5.2-magnitude earthquake hit a small town in southwest China. The quake happened at 6:15 a.m.” 可知，地震发生在 3 月 2 日早上 6 点 15 分。B、C、D 均为时间信息的错误拼接，排除。 2. 答案：C 解析：由第一段 “Luckily, the earthquake was not strong enough to cause serious damage to most buildings, as the town had built all new houses with earthquake-resistant materials since 2020.” 可知，房屋未遭严重破坏的原因是新建房屋使用了抗震材料。A（地震震级极小）与原文 5.2 级不符；B（人们在家）是受伤少的原因，非建筑损坏少的原因；D（及时救援）是灾后行动，并非原因，排除。 3. 答案：B 解析：第二段明确提到 “Medical workers set up temporary medical stations to treat the injured”，医务人员的做法是搭建临时医疗站救治伤者。A（修复道路和电路）未提及；C（运送物资、安抚民众）是志愿者的行为；D（检查危房、救助被困者）是救援队的行为，所以应该排除。 4. 答案：B 解析：第三段首句 “Within three days, the normal life of the town began to return.” 表明，小镇的正常生活在三天内恢复。其余选项均为文中未提及的时间，所以应该排除。 5. 答案：D 解析：根据第三段 “the town decided to hold regular safety training for all residents to prepare for possible natural disasters in the future.” 可知，小镇决定为所有居民开展定期的安全培训。A（建更多新房）、B（停止使用非抗震材料）、C（提供更多物资）均未提及，所以排除。 6. 答案：C 解析：文章第一段 “Typhoons are one of the most common natural disasters in coastal areas of China, usually happening from July to September every year.” 点明，中国沿海地区的台风通常发生在 7 到 9 月。其余选项均为无关时间段，排除。 7. 答案：C 解析：由第二段 “There are three levels of typhoon warnings in China: blue, yellow and red, with red being the most serious.” 可知，红色预警是最严重的台风预警等级。A（蓝色）、B（黄色）等级更低；D（橙色）文中未提及，应该排除。 8. 答案：B 解析：第二段提到 “When a blue warning is issued, people are advised to close windows and doors and bring outdoor things inside.”，蓝色预警发布时，人们应关好门窗、将室外物品移至室内。A、C 是黄色 / 红色预警的要求；D（准备应急包）是通用的自我保护措施，非蓝色预警的特定要求，所以应该排除。 9. 答案：B 解析：第三段明确说明 “It’s also important to cut off the power and gas if the wind is too strong, to prevent fires or electric shocks.”，切断水电煤气的目的是防止火灾和触电。A（节省应急能源）、C（避免损坏电线）、D（保持室内凉爽）均未提及，所以排除。 10. 答案：C 解析：由第三段 “After the typhoon, people should not go outside immediately, as there may be fallen trees, broken glass or unstable buildings.” 可知，台风过后因存在安全隐患，不要立即外出。A（立即外出清理街道）、D（重启公共交通和户外活动）与原文相悖；B（检查并修复危房）并非对普通民众的建议，所以排除。 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2.5 分，满分 12.5 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How to Keep Safe in Natural Disasters Natural disasters like earthquakes, typhoons and floods can happen suddenly, bringing great harm to people’s lives and property. Knowing how to keep safe in such situations is very important for everyone. Here are some practical tips to help you protect yourself. ______ (11) When an earthquake happens, stay calm first. If you are indoors, hide under a strong table or desk and stay away from windows and heavy furniture. If you are outdoors, move to an open area and avoid tall buildings, trees and power lines. Prepare an emergency kit before disasters come. ______ (12) The kit should include enough water and food for three days, a flashlight, a first-aid kit, a radio and some warm clothes. Keep it in an easy-to-reach place at home. Follow official warnings and instructions at all times. ______ (13) The meteorological and civil affairs departments will issue timely warnings and tell people how to respond. Don’t believe or spread untrue information on the Internet. Help each other and stay united in disasters. ______ (14) For example, you can help the elderly and children to escape to safe places, and share your water and food with those who have nothing. Teamwork can make the rescue work more efficient. Learn basic first-aid skills for emergency situations. ______ (15) If someone is injured in a disaster, you can give simple treatment like stopping bleeding or doing CPR before medical workers arrive. This can save the person’s life in critical moments. A. Stay calm and take proper action. B. Learn to predict natural disasters in advance. C. It can help you survive for a few days on your own. D. Different natural disasters require different rescue methods. E. Official information is the most reliable in natural disasters. F. First-aid skills can make a big difference in saving lives. G. Disasters are not the time for selfishness, but for cooperation. 本文为说明文，介绍自然灾害中的自我保护方法，题目为段中空缺补全，解题核心是上下文逻辑衔接 + 句意匹配，结合空前后的关键词、段落主旨判断答案，适配高考七选五常考的 “建议类” 文体，贴合本单元防灾减灾主题。 11. 答案：A 解析：空后内容核心为 “地震发生时保持冷静，室内外采取不同的躲避措施”，整段围绕 “冷静应对、采取正确行动” 展开。A 选项 Stay calm and take proper action（保持冷静，采取恰当行动）是该段的主旨句，总领全段，与后文内容高度契合。 12. 答案：C 解析：空前句为 “灾前准备应急包”，空后句介绍应急包的具体物品，核心是 “应急包的作用”。C 选项 It can help you survive for a few days on your own（它能帮你独自生存几天）中 It 指代应急包，衔接前文 “准备应急包” 的行为和后文的物品介绍，逻辑连贯。 13. 答案：E 解析：本段主旨为 “遵守官方预警和指示”，空前句为总起，空后句说明 “官方部门会及时发布预警、告知应对方法”，因此空格处应强调官方信息的可靠性。E 选项 Official information is the most reliable in natural disasters（自然灾害中官方信息是最可靠的）符合语境，为后文内容做铺垫。 14. 答案：G 解析：本段主旨为 “灾害中互相帮助、团结一心”，空后句通过举例说明 “帮助老人小孩、分享物资”，核心是 “合作而非自私”。G 选项 Disasters are not the time for selfishness, but for cooperation（灾害时刻不应自私，而应合作）承上启下，与后文的举例高度匹配。 15. 答案：F 解析：本段主旨为 “学习基础急救技能”，空后句说明 “急救技能能在医务人员到来前为伤者做简单处理、挽救生命”，核心是 “急救技能的重要性”。F 选项 First-aid skills can make a big difference in saving lives（急救技能对拯救生命至关重要）与后文形成因果关系，贴合段落主旨。 干扰项排除 B. Learn to predict natural disasters in advance（学会提前预测自然灾害）：普通民众无法做到预测自然灾害，文中仅提及关注官方预警，无对应上下文，排除。 D. Different natural disasters require different rescue methods（不同的自然灾害需要不同的救援方法）：文章仅介绍通用的安全技巧，未提及不同灾害的救援差异，排除。 二、完形填空（15 空，每题 1 分，共 15 分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Last summer, a heavy rain hit our city for three days and nights, which caused a terrible flood. The water rose quickly and ______ (1) many streets and houses. I was at home with my family at that time, and we were all ______ (2) because we had never experienced such a big disaster before. My father ______ (3) to turn off the power and gas at once to keep us safe. Then he moved all the valuable things to the second floor of our house. My mother prepared some water and food, and she also put a first-aid kit and a flashlight in a bag, in case we needed to ______ (4) our house. The water kept rising, and soon it reached the first floor, making the room cold and ______ (5). We could hear people shouting for help outside. ______ (6), the rescue team arrived in a boat an hour later. They helped the elderly and children to get on the boat first. When it was our turn, my father ______ (7) me and my little sister to the boat, and my mother followed with the emergency bag. We were all saved and taken to a temporary ______ (8) center, where many other homeless people were staying. At the center, volunteers ______ (9) us with hot food and warm clothes. We also met some neighbors who were saved by the rescue team too. We talked and comforted each other, sharing our ______ (10) and hopes. The flood destroyed our house, but it couldn’t break our spirit. After the flood, the government ______ (11) to repair the damaged houses and roads quickly. Many people volunteered to help clean up the city. My family and I moved back to our house two weeks later, after it was ______ (12). This experience made me realize how important it is to learn disaster safety knowledge. It also taught me the power of ______ (13) — when people work together, they can overcome any ______ (14). Now, I keep an emergency kit at home all the time, and I also learn more about how to keep safe in natural disasters. I hope everyone can pay attention to disaster prevention, so that we can be better ______ (15) for any possible natural disaster in the future. 1. A.covered B. cleaned C. built D. opened 2. A.excited B. frightened C. tired D. bored 3. A.forgot B. decided C. managed D. failed 4. A.enter B. leave C. repair D. clean 5. A.dry B. bright C. dirty D. warm 6. A.Suddenly B. Finally C. Luckily D. Immediately 7. A.carried B. pushed C. led D. followed 8. A.medical B. education C. sports D. shelter 9. A.provided B. refused C. hid D. bought 10. A.fears B. joys C. stories D. memories 11. A.stopped B. started C. continued D. forgot 12. A.damaged B. destroyed C. fixed D. built 13. A.courage B. teamwork C. wisdom D. kindness 14. A.danger B. difficulty C. disaster D. accident 15. A.ready B. sorry C. thankful D. famous 本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者经历洪水灾害、被救援队救助并见证社区和政府灾后重建的经历，贴合 Unit4 Natural disasters 核心主题，题型为词义辨析 + 固定搭配 + 语境逻辑，考查本单元核心词汇和高一基础语法，适配高一完形填空考情。 1.答案：A 解析：结合前文 “暴雨引发洪水，水位快速上涨”，可知洪水淹没了许多街道和房屋，符合灾害场景的语境。 A. covered 淹没；覆盖 B. cleaned 打扫 C. built 建造 D. opened 打开 2.答案：B 解析：由后文 “我们从未经历过这么大的灾害” 可知，作者和家人都感到非常害怕，贴合灾害中的心理状态。 A. excited 兴奋的 B. frightened 害怕的 C. tired 疲惫的 D. bored 无聊的 3.答案：C 解析：结合语境 “父亲立刻切断水电煤气以保证我们的安全”，可知父亲成功做到了这件事，为固定搭配。 A. forgot 忘记 B. decided 决定 C. managed 设法做到（manage to do sth. 设法做成某事） D. failed 失败 4.答案：B 解析：由前文 “母亲准备水和食物、收拾应急包” 可知，是为了以防需要离开家，符合洪水来袭时的应急准备。 A. enter 进入 B. leave 离开 C. repair 修理 D. clean 打扫 5.答案：C 解析：洪水涌入一楼，会让房间变得冰冷且脏乱，符合灾害后的场景描述。 A. dry 干燥的 B. bright 明亮的 C. dirty 脏乱的 D. warm 温暖的 6.答案：C 解析：结合前文 “听到外面的求救声”，后文 “救援队一小时后乘船到达”，可知这是幸运地，体现获救的庆幸。 A. Suddenly 突然地 B. Finally 最后 C. Luckily 幸运地 D. Immediately 立刻 7.答案：A 解析：结合语境 “父亲把我和妹妹抱上船”，符合救援队救助时的动作，贴合儿童的身高特点。 A. carried 抱；搬 B. pushed 推 C. led 带领 D. followed 跟随 8.答案：D 解析：洪水后无家可归的人会被带到临时的避难中心，为灾害救援的固定场景词汇。 A. medical 医疗的 B. education 教育的 C. sports 运动的 D. shelter 避难所 9.答案：A 解析：结合语境 “志愿者为我们提供热的食物和暖和的衣服”，为固定搭配，贴合志愿者的救助行为。 A. provided 提供（provide sb. with sth. 为某人提供某物） B. refused 拒绝 C. hid 隐藏 D. bought 购买 10.答案：A 解析：由前文 “互相交谈、安慰对方” 可知，大家一起分享内心的恐惧和希望，贴合灾后的心理状态。 A. fears 恐惧 B. joys 快乐 C. stories 故事 D. memories 回忆 11.答案：B 解析：结合灾后重建的语境，政府立刻开始修复受损的房屋和道路，符合政府的灾后行动。 A. stopped 停止 B. started 开始 C. continued 继续 D. forgot 忘记 12.答案：C 解析：由前文 “两周后我和家人搬回家” 可知，房子被修缮好了，符合灾后重建的结果。 A. damaged 受损的 B. destroyed 被摧毁的 C. fixed 修缮；修理 D. built 建造 13.答案：B 解析：由后文 “当人们团结在一起时，能克服一切困难” 可知，这次经历让作者体会到团队合作的力量，贴合灾后互助的主题。 A. courage 勇气 B. teamwork 团队合作 C. wisdom 智慧 D. kindness 善良 14.答案：B 解析：结合语境 “人们团结在一起时，能克服任何困难”，体现合作的力量，符合文章的积极主旨。 A. danger 危险 B. difficulty 困难 C. disaster 灾害 D. accident 事故 15.答案：A 解析：由前文 “关注防灾减灾” 可知，这样能让我们为未来可能的自然灾害做更好的准备，为固定搭配。 A. ready 准备好的（be ready for 为…… 做好准备） B. sorry 抱歉的 C. thankful 感激的 D. famous 著名的 核心考点总结 固定搭配（必考 + 单元核心）：manage to do sth., provide sb. with sth., be ready for 单元核心词汇：frightened, shelter, fix, disaster 等，贴合自然灾害主题。 语境逻辑：结合 “洪水来袭→紧急应对→被救→灾后重建” 的时间线和情感变化（害怕→庆幸→感动→感悟）判断词义。 场景词汇：emergency kit, temporary shelter center 等，贴合防灾减灾的实际场景。 三、语法填空（10 空，每题 1.5 分，共 15 分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Forest fires are one of the most serious natural disasters in the world, ______ (1) can happen in any season but are more common in dry and hot weather. They are usually caused by two factors: human activities and natural reasons. Most forest fires ______ (2) (start) by human activities like smoking, camping or burning rubbish in the forest. Natural reasons such as lightning ______ (3) (be) also a cause of forest fires. Forest fires can bring great harm to the environment. They can destroy trees and plants, and kill a large number of wild animals. ______ (4) (serious), they can also cause air pollution, as the smoke from the fire contains many harmful chemicals. Besides, forest fires can put people’s lives in danger, ______ (5) (especial) those who live near the forest. To prevent forest fires, we need to take effective measures. First, people should be educated about the danger of forest fires and ______ (6) (tell) not to do dangerous activities in the forest. Second, the government should set up more fire observation towers to watch for possible fires ______ (7) time. Third, professional fire-fighting teams should be trained well to put out forest fires quickly when they happen. If a forest fire ______ (8) (break) out, it’s important to keep calm and follow the official instructions. People living near the forest should leave their homes and move to safe places ______ (9) (immediate). Firefighters play a key role in putting out forest fires, but they also need to protect ______ (10) (they) while working. Forest fires are preventable. Everyone has a responsibility to protect the forest and stop forest fires from happening. 本文是一篇说明文，介绍森林火灾的成因、危害和预防措施，贴合 Unit4 Natural disasters 核心主题，题型为语法填空，核心考查定语从句、时态语态、副词、非谓语动词、主谓一致、代词等高一核心语法点，适配高考语法填空考情。 1.答案：which 解析：考查非限制性定语从句。先行词为 Forest fires（指物），从句缺主语，且逗号分隔非限制性定语从句，不能用 that，故用 which 引导。 2.答案：are started 解析：考查一般现在时的被动语态。①主语 Most forest fires 与 start 为被动关系，“被引发” 需用被动语态；②本句为客观事实，用一般现在时；③主语为复数，故填 are started。 3.答案：are 解析：考查主谓一致。主语 Natural reasons 为复数，且本句为客观事实，用一般现在时，故填 are。 4.答案：Seriously 解析：考查副词作状语。空格处需修饰整个句子，强调森林火灾的危害，形容词 serious 需变副词 Seriously（严重地），句首首字母大写。 5.答案：especially 解析：考查副词作状语。空格处需修饰后文的定语从句，表强调，形容词 especial 需变副词 especially（尤其）。 6.答案：told 解析：考查被动语态。主语 people 与 tell 为被动关系，且与前文 be educated 为并列结构，共用同一个 should be，故省略 be，填 told。 7.答案：in 解析：考查固定短语。in time 为固定搭配，意为 “及时”，此处指及时发现可能发生的火灾。 8.答案：breaks 解析：考查一般现在时。本句为 if 引导的条件状语从句，遵循 “主将从现” 原则，主句为一般现在时，从句也用一般现在时；主语 a forest fire 为单数，故填 breaks。 9.答案：immediately 解析：考查副词修饰动词。空格处需修饰动词 move，形容词 immediate 需变副词 immediately（立刻）。 10.答案：themselves 解析：考查反身代词。结合语境 “消防员在工作时需要保护自己”，主语为 they，反身代词为 themselves。 高频短语积累（单元灾害主题） forest fire 森林火灾 human activities 人类活动 natural reasons 自然原因 bring great harm to 给…… 带来巨大危害 air pollution 空气污染 put one’s life in danger 危及某人的生命 take effective measures 采取有效措施 set up 建立 watch for 留意；观察 break out 爆发（用于火灾、战争等） 四、应用文写作（80-100 词，15 分） 假定你是李华，你的英国笔友 Tom 对中国的自然灾害防范知识很感兴趣，他想了解中学生在自然灾害中该如何自我保护，向你寻求建议。请你给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括： 1.表达对他的回复意愿； 2.给出 2-3 条具体的自我保护建议； 3.表达祝愿。 词数 80-100，邮件格式正确。 参考范文 Dear Tom, I’m glad to tell you some self-protection tips for students in natural disasters. They’re simple and useful for us. First, stay calm when a disaster happens—it’s the most important thing. Second, learn basic safety skills, like hiding under a table in an earthquake. Third, prepare an emergency kit at school with a flashlight and some water. Hope these tips can help you. Wish you safe and healthy every day! Yours, Li Hua （词数：90，符合 80-100 词要求） 范文解析 一、体裁与格式（书信类核心考点） 这篇作文是一封电子邮件，所以应该严格遵循英文书信标准格式： 开头：Dear Tom（称呼，顶格写）； 行文：三段式结构，每段对应一个写作要点，分段清晰，无连段，符合高考阅卷评分标准。 结尾：祝福语 + Yours,（结束语，左对齐）+ Li Hua（署名，下一行）； 二、内容要点全覆盖（满分关键） 题干 3 个核心要求全部落实，无遗漏、无冗余： 回复意愿：开篇用 I’m glad to tell you... 直接表达回复的意愿，简洁明了； 保护建议：用 First/Second/Third 清晰衔接，给出 “保持冷静、学习基础安全技能、在学校准备应急包”3 条具体建议，贴合中学生的场景； 表达祝愿：用 Hope these tips can help you. 和 Wish you safe and healthy every day! 表达祝福，符合书信的交际功能。 三、语法与句式（高一核心考点） 复合句：I’m glad to tell you some self-protection tips for students in natural disasters.（简单句），like hiding under a table in an earthquake（用非谓语举例子），句式简单，适合高一学生的水平； 祈使句：stay calm when a disaster happens（祈使句表建议），语气恰当，符合防灾建议的语境； 固定搭配：self-protection tips, basic safety skills, emergency kit 等，贴合本单元核心词汇。 四、词汇与短语（单元 + 灾害主题高频词） 灾害防范核心词：self-protection, natural disasters, safety skills, emergency kit, flashlight 实用短语：stay calm, hide under a table, prepare sth. at school 祝福语：Wish you safe and healthy every day! 简洁通用，符合书信结尾要求。 写作技巧总结 开门见山：开篇直接回应对方的需求，表明要介绍防灾自我保护建议，符合应用文 “简洁明了” 的核心要求； 序数词衔接：用 First/Second/Third 提建议，条理清晰，阅卷老师易捕捉要点，是高考应用文提建议的万能技巧； 词数把控：建议简洁，每点仅用一句话表述，避免冗长，轻松贴合 80-100 词的限制； 主题贴合：选用 self-protection, safety skills 等本单元核心词汇，紧扣 “自然灾害自我保护” 的题干要求，让内容更贴合主题。 四、外刊和时文文章阅读（每小题2分，满分10分） 一、外刊原文 原文（出处：《BBC Future》2025 年 12 月文章 “Tech in disaster prevention: How AI keeps us safe”） AI is changing the way we prevent and deal with natural disasters, turning from simple prediction to accurate early warning. Unlike traditional warning systems that only give general alerts a few hours in advance, AI-powered systems can collect data from satellites, weather stations and sensors to forecast disasters like typhoons and floods days earlier, with far higher accuracy. Experts say this technology has cut disaster losses significantly worldwide. For example, an AI typhoon warning system in Southeast Asia now predicts typhoon paths with a 95% accuracy rate, giving coastal communities an extra 48 hours to prepare. “AI doesn’t stop disasters from happening,” says disaster tech researcher Mia Lee, “but it gives people enough time to move to safety, protect their homes and reduce injuries and deaths.” AI also helps with post-disaster rescue work. Smart drones can quickly scan disaster-hit areas to find trapped people, while AI big data systems can track the needs of homeless people and send emergency supplies like food and water to where they are most needed. It’s a game-changer: rescue work becomes faster and more efficient, and more lives are saved in critical moments. 二、时文原文 原文（出处：《2025-2026 全球自然灾害防范发展报告》2026 年 1 月发布） Extreme weather-related natural disasters increased by 18% globally in 2025 compared to 2024, with floods and heatwaves being the most common types, according to the latest global disaster prevention report. Asia saw the biggest drop in disaster losses, thanks to the wide use of AI early warning systems and the building of more emergency shelters in coastal and flood-prone areas. In China, disaster prevention education has been made a part of middle school courses in 2025, with students learning basic self-protection skills like earthquake hiding and typhoon safety through practical training and simulation drills. The country also built 3,200 new emergency shelters last year, covering all major cities and disaster-prone counties. The report forecasts that global disaster prevention will focus on three key areas in 2026: wider AI early warning system promotion, more international cooperation in disaster rescue, and further popularization of disaster prevention education among teenagers. It also notes that low-income countries will get more tech support from the international community to improve their disaster prevention ability. 外刊时文阅读理解(每小题 2 分，共 10 分） 1.What makes AI-powered warning systems different from traditional ones? A. It can stop natural disasters from happening. B. It provides more accurate and earlier warnings. C. It only gives alerts for typhoons and floods. D. It collects data only from weather stations. 2.What benefit does the AI typhoon warning system bring to Southeast Asia? A. It cuts the number of typhoons by 95%. B. It builds more emergency shelters for coastal communities. C. It gives an extra 48 hours for disaster preparation. D. It sends emergency supplies to disaster-hit areas quickly. 3.What natural disasters were the most common globally in 2025? A. Earthquakes and typhoons. B. Floods and heatwaves. C. Landslides and forest fires. D. Tsunamis and droughts. 4.How does China carry out disaster prevention education in middle schools? A. By adding it to middle school courses with practical training. B. By building more emergency shelters in school areas. C. By inviting disaster tech researchers to give lectures. D. By providing free AI warning systems for schools. 5.Which is NOT a key focus of global disaster prevention in 2026? A. Promoting AI early warning systems widely. B. Strengthening international rescue cooperation. C. Stopping all extreme weather-related disasters. D. Popularizing disaster prevention education among teens. 外刊翻译 人工智能正在改变我们防范和应对自然灾害的方式，从简单的预测转变为精准的早期预警。与传统的预警系统仅能提前数小时发布通用警报不同，人工智能驱动的系统能从卫星、气象站和传感器收集数据，提前数天预测台风、洪水等灾害，且准确率大幅提升。 专家表示，这项技术已在全球范围内显著降低了灾害损失。例如，东南亚的一套人工智能台风预警系统如今预测台风路径的准确率达 95%，为沿海社区提供了额外 48 小时的防灾准备时间。“人工智能无法阻止灾害的发生，” 灾害科技研究员米娅・李说，“但它能给人们足够的时间转移到安全地带、保护家园，减少人员伤亡。” 人工智能也为灾后救援工作提供了助力。智能无人机能快速扫描受灾地区，找到被困人员；而人工智能大数据系统能追踪无家可归者的需求，将食品、水等应急物资送往最需要的地方。这一技术带来了颠覆性的改变：救援工作变得更快速、更高效，在关键时刻挽救了更多生命。 时文翻译 最新的全球防灾报告显示，2025 年全球与极端天气相关的自然灾害较 2024 年增加 18%，其中洪水和热浪是最常见的类型。得益于人工智能早期预警系统的广泛应用，以及沿海和洪水易发区新建了更多应急避难所，亚洲地区的灾害损失降幅最大。 2025 年，中国将防灾教育纳入中学课程体系，学生通过实操训练和模拟演练，学习地震避险、台风防护等基础自我保护技能。中国去年还新建了 3200 个应急避难所，覆盖所有主要城市和灾害易发县。 该报告预测，2026 年全球防灾工作将聚焦三大核心领域：进一步推广人工智能早期预警系统、加强灾害救援的国际合作、向青少年进一步普及防灾教育。报告还指出，低收入国家将获得国际社会更多的技术支持，以提升其防灾能力。 试题解析 本文由两篇时文组成，第一篇介绍人工智能在自然灾害防范和灾后救援中的应用及显著作用，第二篇来自《2025-2026 全球自然灾害防范发展报告》，讲述 2025 年全球自然灾害的发展现状、中国的防灾举措及 2026 年全球防灾工作的核心聚焦方向，阅读理解题均为细节理解题，解题核心是定位原文关键信息 + 匹配选项，适配山东高考阅读理解细节题考查要求。 1.答案：B 解析：定位外刊原文第一段：Unlike traditional warning systems that only give general alerts a few hours in advance, AI-powered systems can collect data from satellites, weather stations and sensors to forecast disasters like typhoons and floods days earlier, with far higher accuracy。 关键信息：人工智能预警系统与传统系统的区别在于，能提前数天预测灾害且准确率更高，也就是提供更精准、更早的预警，直接匹配选项 B。 干扰项排除：A（能阻止自然灾害发生）与原文 “AI doesn’t stop disasters from happening” 相悖；C（仅对台风和洪水发出警报），原文是举例说明，并非仅针对这两种灾害；D（仅从气象站收集数据）与原文 “collect data from satellites, weather stations and sensors” 不符，排除。 2.答案：C 解析：定位外刊原文第二段：For example, an AI typhoon warning system in Southeast Asia now predicts typhoon paths with a 95% accuracy rate, giving coastal communities an extra 48 hours to prepare。 关键信息：东南亚的人工智能台风预警系统为沿海社区提供了额外 48 小时的防灾准备时间，直接匹配选项 C。 干扰项排除：A（将台风数量减少 95%），原文 95% 是路径预测准确率，并非台风数量减少比例；B（为沿海社区建造更多应急避难所），该内容在时文原文中提及，并非人工智能台风预警系统的作用；D（快速向受灾地区运送应急物资）是人工智能大数据系统和无人机的灾后救援作用，并非该预警系统的益处，排除。 3.答案：B 解析：定位时文原文第一段：Extreme weather-related natural disasters increased by 18% globally in 2025 compared to 2024, with floods and heatwaves being the most common types。 关键信息：2025 年全球范围内最常见的自然灾害是洪水和热浪，直接匹配选项 B，其余选项在原文中均无提及。 4,答案：A 解析：定位时文原文第二段：In China, disaster prevention education has been made a part of middle school courses in 2025, with students learning basic self-protection skills like earthquake hiding and typhoon safety through practical training and simulation drills。 关键信息：中国的中学防灾教育是将其纳入课程体系，并通过实操训练和模拟演练开展教学，直接匹配选项 A。 干扰项排除：B（在校园周边建造更多应急避难所）、C（邀请灾害科技研究员举办讲座）、D（为学校提供免费的人工智能预警系统），原文均未提及相关内容，无中生有，排除。 5.答案：C 解析：定位时文原文第三段：The report forecasts that global disaster prevention will focus on three key areas in 2026: wider AI early warning system promotion, more international cooperation in disaster rescue, and further popularization of disaster prevention education among teenagers。 关键信息：2026 年全球防灾的三大核心方向为推广人工智能预警系统、加强国际救援合作、向青少年普及防灾教育，并未提及 “阻止所有与极端天气相关的灾害”，因此该选项并非核心聚焦点，匹配选项 C。 干扰项排除：A、B、D 三项均为原文明确提及的 2026 年全球防灾工作核心聚焦领域，排除。 解题技巧总结 本次阅读理解均为高考高频细节理解题，解题分三步： 划题干关键词：如主体（AI-powered warning systems/China）、时间（2025/2026）、核心问题（different from/most common/key focus）； 定位原文：根据关键词快速找到对应段落，锁定关键句，注意对比词（unlike）、举例词（for example）、列举词（three key areas）等标志性信息； 匹配选项：直接匹配原文核心信息，排除无中生有、张冠李戴、偷换概念的干扰项。 五、错题复盘 温馨提示：本作业所有语篇及题目均贴合Unit4单元话题，兼顾基础巩固与山东高考命题趋势，建议结合解析查漏补缺，重点掌握单元核心词汇、短语及句型，并进行归纳总结，为后续学习奠定基础。 知识补漏:错一改三，重复记忆 1、__________________________________________________________________________________ 2、__________________________________________________________________________________ 3、__________________________________________________________________________________ 4、__________________________________________________________________________________ 5、__________________________________________________________________________________ 技巧总结：归纳总结，举一反三 1、__________________________________________________________________________________ 2、__________________________________________________________________________________ 3、__________________________________________________________________________________ 4、__________________________________________________________________________________ 5、__________________________________________________________________________________ 第 1 页 共 15 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $