精品解析：湖南省宁远一中崇德学校2025-2026学年高二上学期期末模拟考试英语试题

宁远一中崇德学校高二年级期末全真模拟英语试题卷 本试题卷分为听力、阅读、语言运用和写作四个部分。时量120分钟。满分150分。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒到的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。 1. What happened to the man? A. He was fined by his company. B. He had a business failure. C. He lost his job. 2. What did the man forget to do today? A. Watch a show. B. Walk the dog. C. Practice the piano. 3. How many courses does the woman have in the morning? A. Two. B. Three. C. Five. 4. What does the woman need help with? A. Buying some medicine. B. Finding a drugstore. C. Getting groceries. 5. What is the woman’s problem? A. She lacks imagination. B. She manages time badly. C. She has difficulty focusing. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What are the speakers mainly discussing? A. The man’s trip preparations. B. The man’s emergency funds. C. The man’s credit limit. 7. How much cash has the man prepared for his trip? A. 200 euros. B. 300 euros. C. 500 euros. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. Why is the woman nervous? A. It’s been years since her last race. B. She hasn’t trained for two months. C. She suffered an injury before. 9. What’s the man’s advice? A. Doing enough warm-up exercises. B. Adjusting based on the race. C. Keeping a comfortable pace. 10. What is the man mainly doing? A. Building the woman’s confidence for the race. B. Creating a recovery plan for the woman. C. Comforting the woman after the race. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11. Where is the conversation taking place? A. In a hotel apartment. B. On a beach. C. In a cafe. 12. What drink does the woman want? A. Juice. B. Water. C. Coffee. 13. What are the speakers going to do tonight? A. Read magazines. B. Have a group dinner. C. Use a coffee machine. 听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。 14. What’s the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Teammates. B. Professor and student. C. Interviewer and interviewee. 15. Why is the newly discovered dinosaur special? A. It stands on three legs. B. It likes eating leaves. C. It has two fingers. 16. What will the woman discuss next? A. Another dinosaur species. B. Her next research region. C. Dinosaurs moving between regions. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. What do we know about Barnard’s star? A. It’s bigger than the Sun. B. It’s younger than the Sun. C. It’s cooler than the Sun. 18. Why is Barnard’s Star hard to observe? A. Its brightness is low. B. It’s too close to the Sun. C. It has millions of planets. 19. What does the speaker think of the universe? A. It is full of the unknown B. It is largely explored. C. It is multi-centered. 20. Who is the speaker probably talking to? A. Scientists. B. Students. C. News reporters. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Poetry Exhibitions in Chicago Monica Ong: Planetaria Planetaria is an exhibition of visual poems by Monica Ong that use the visual language of astronomy to explore the territories of motherhood. If poetry and astronomy were to throw an art party, this one invites audiences to imagine new cosmographies. Date: Thursday, April 21, 2023 —Thursday, September 8, 2024 Location: 61 W. Superior, Chicago Illinois 60654 Kara Walker: Back of Hand Kara Walker: Back of Hand appropriately highlights Walker’s engagement with language. The exhibition features 2015 Book, a series of 11 typewritten pages with ink and watercolor illustrations. Works in this exhibition contain strong imagery and content that may not be suitable for all viewers. Date: Thursday, February 15, 2024 — Saturday, May 18, 2024 Location: 61 W. Superior, Chicago Illinois 60654 Alex Katz: Collaborations with Poets Experience the first exhibition to bring together the full range of materials that show Alex Katz’s collaborations with poets, impressing visitors with their proper use of poetic language. Collaborations with Poets includes editioned books, drawings, all centering on poets and poetry. Date: Saturday, February 18, 2024 — Saturday, March 20, 2024 Location: 61 W. Superior Street, Chicago, Illinois 60654 Harriet Monroe: the Open Door Harriet Monroe: the Open Door maps the development of Monroe’s editorial philosophy, locating it within the cultures of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. She advocated openness to contemporary poems, leading to the publication of some of the most influential English-language poems of the modern era. Date: Thursday, September 14, 2023-Saturday, January 13, 2024 Location: 61 West Superior Street, Chicago, Illinois 60654 1. Where should you go if you are interested in studying universe? A. Harriet Monroe: the Open Door. B. Kara Walker: Back of Hand. C. Alex Katz: Collaborations with Poets. D. Monica Ong: Planetaria. 2. What do Kara Walker: Back of Hand and Alex Katz: Collaborations with Poets have in common? A. Both exhibitions are proper for all the viewers. B. Both exhibitions feature the poets’ skillful use of language. C. Both exhibitions bring together works of different poets. D. Both exhibitions include books with photographs. 3. What do we know about Harriet Monroe? A. She wrote poems by citing philosophy. B. She drew a map about her editorial philosophy. C. She welcomed the occurrence of modern poems. D. She inspired poets to appreciate modern poems. 【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章通过四个展览展示了诗歌与不同领域的结合，每个展览都有其独特的主题和艺术表现形式。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据Monica Ong: Planetaria部分中“Planetaria is an exhibition of visual poems by Monica Ong that use the visual language of astronomy to explore the territories of motherhood.(天文馆是莫妮卡·王的视觉诗歌展览，使用天文学的视觉语言来探索母性的领域)”可知，如果你对研究宇宙感兴趣，你应该去莫妮卡·王：天文馆。故选D项。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Kara Walker: Back of Hand部分中“Kara Walker: Back of Hand appropriately highlights Walker’s engagement with language.(卡拉·沃克：《手背》恰如其分地突出了沃克对语言的运用)”和Alex Katz: Collaborations with Poets部分中“Experience the first exhibition to bring together the full range of materials that show Alex Katz’s collaborations with poets, impressing visitors with their proper use of poetic language.(体验第一个展览，汇集了亚历克斯·卡茨与诗人合作的所有材料，他们对诗歌语言的恰当使用给参观者留下了深刻的印象)”可知，卡拉·沃克的《手背》和亚历克斯·卡茨的《与诗人合作》的共同之处在于两个展览都突出了诗人对语言的熟练运用。故选B项。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据Harriet Monroe: the Open Door部分中“She advocated openness to contemporary poems, leading to the publication of some of the most influential English-language poems of the modern era.(她提倡对当代诗歌持开放态度，因此出版了一些当代最有影响力的英语诗歌)”可知，哈丽特·门罗对现代诗歌的出版持欢迎态度。故选C项。 B I’m standing with Malena in front of an enormous pan in a kitchen in Copenhagen as she cooks “meatballs”, the size of ping pong balls. Then Malena places a hot one on my plate. It gives a little when I press my fork into it, just like a conventional meatball. I put a little in my mouth. It tastes good. If I didn’t know better, I wouldn’t suspect that I was chewing ground-up bugs. She and her business partner, Jessica, both in their early 30s, have big plans: to sell sustainable insect-based food products to the world. The pair founded their company, Hey Planet, in 2017. While one third of the Earth’s arable (可耕种的) land is used to grow livestock feed, millions of people are starving in the Horn of Africa. “We already have a solution — plant-based food — but people also want animal protein.” says Malena. “Our meat has a protein content that’s as high as or higher than beef. It also contains omega-3 fatty acids vitamin B12 and iron, which create a familiar meaty taste,” says Jessica. Their biggest block is that many of their potential customers find insects unacceptable. But many parts of the world have a long tradition of eating bugs. Up to the middle of the 20th century, some people in France and Germany made soups with fried May bugs. In all, approximately 2,100 different insect species are fit for human consumption. However, science is no match for human emotion. That’s why their packaging has almost no images of insects. The labels do state “Sustainable meat made from beetle protein” though they don’t say which beetle, let alone what the buffalo beetle does. “We hope that the origin of insect protein will be viewed only as a food-enriching ingredient,” Jessica says. It would be no different than many other foods. As I cycle through Copenhagen after my visit to Hey Planet, I pass a stand selling rode polser, Denmark’s popular pork sausages. Suddenly the idea of marketing food made from insects doesn’t seem like a pipe dream. After all, most Danish people don’t think twice about what gives rode polse their distinctive red colour: a dye obtained from a South American insect. 4. Why was Hey Planet founded? A. To reduce food shortage globally. B. To make use of insects in the Horn of Africa. C. To reduce the consumption of plant-based food. D. To expand land use for livestock feed production. 5. What is a feature of Hey Planet’s products? A. Nutrition comparable to beef. B. Flavor distinct from traditional meat. C. More sustainable than plant-based food. D. Packaging hiding insect origin completely. 6. What is the main barrier of Hey Planet’s products? A. Opposition from animal protectors. B. Consumers’ emotional resistance. C. The government’s food safety regulations. D. Technical limitations within the company. 7. What is the author’s attitude toward the future of the insect “meatball”? A. Neutral. B. Worried. C. Optimistic. D. Uncertain. 【答案】4. A 5. A 6. B 7. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了哥本哈根一家名为“Hey Planet”的初创公司，该公司以昆虫为原料生产可持续肉类产品，并阐述了其产品的营养价值、市场推广中遇到的情感障碍以及未来前景。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段内容“She and her business partner, Jessica, both in their early 30s, have big plans: to sell sustainable insect-based food products to the world. The pair founded their company, Hey Planet, in 2017. While one third of the Earth’s arable (可耕种的) land is used to grow livestock feed, millions of people are starving in the Horn of Africa. “We already have a solution — plant-based food — but people also want animal protein.” says Malena. (她与她的商业伙伴杰西卡（两人均三十出头）怀揣宏大计划：向全球销售可持续的昆虫基食品。她们于2017年共同创立了Hey Planet公司。尽管全球三分之一的耕地被用于生产牲畜饲料，非洲之角却有数百万人面临饥荒。玛莱娜表示：“我们已有解决方案——植物基食品——但人们同时也需要动物蛋白。”)”可知，全球三分之一的可耕地用于种植牲畜饲料，而非洲之角数百万人在挨饿。除了植物性食物外，人们还需要动物性蛋白。由此可推断，Hey Plant的创立是为了提供可持续昆虫食品，以应对全球粮食短缺问题。故选A。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段Jessica所说“Our meat has a protein content that's as high as or higher than beef. It also contains omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin B12 and iron”（我们的肉类蛋白质含量与牛肉相当甚至更高，还含有Omega-3脂肪酸、维生素B12和铁。)”可以推知，其产品的一个显著特点是营养与牛肉相当。故选A。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Their biggest block is that many of their potential customers find insects unacceptable. (他们最大的障碍是许多潜在客户无法接受昆虫。)”以及第四段“However, science is no match for human emotion. (然而，科学敌不过人类的情感。)”可知，主要障碍在于消费者的情感抵触。故选B。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段，作者在参观后看到丹麦流行的猪肉香肠，并提到“Suddenly the idea of marketing food made from insects doesn't seem like a pipe dream. (突然间，推广昆虫食品的想法似乎不再像是痴人说梦。)”并以丹麦人接受用南美昆虫提取物作为香肠染料的例子作类比，暗示消费者可能在不自知的情况下已接受昆虫成分。由此可推知，作者对昆虫“肉丸”的未来持乐观态度。故选C。 C When we’re confronting a confusing problem, we often gather a group to brainstorm. We’re looking to the team to get the best ideas as quickly as possible. I love seeing it happen — except for one catch. Group brainstorming usually backfires. In brainstorming meetings, many good ideas are lost — and few are gained. Extensive evidence shows that when we generate ideas together, we fail to maximize collective intelligence. Brainstorming groups fall so far short of their potential that we may get more and better ideas if we all work alone. As the humorist Dave Barry said, “If you had to identify, in one word, the reason why the human race has not achieved and never will achieve its full potential, that word would be: meetings.” But the problem isn’t meetings themselves; it’s how we run them. Think about the brainstorming sessions you’ve attended. You’ve probably seen people bite their tongues due to ego threat(“I don’t want to look stupid.”), noise(“We can’t all talk at once.”), and conformity pressure(“Let’s all jump on the boss’s ship!”). Goodbye, diversity of thought; hello, groupthink. These challenges are greater for people who lack power or status: the most junior person in the room or an introvert drowning in a sea of extroverts. To unearth the hidden potential in teams, instead of brainstorming, we are better off shifting to a process called “brainwriting”. The initial steps are solo. You start by asking everyone to generate ideas separately. Next, you pool them and share them anonymously among the group. To preserve independent judgment, each member evaluates them on their own. Only then does the team come together to select and refine the most promising options. When ideas are developed and assessed individually before being chosen collectively, possibilities that might otherwise go unnoticed can surface and be advanced. In brainstorming meetings, it’s too easy for participation to lean toward the biggest egos, the loudest voices, and the most powerful people. The brainwriting process makes sure that all ideas are brought to the table and that all voices are brought into the conversation. The goal isn’t to be the smartest person in the room: it’s to make the room smarter. 8. What can replace the word “catch” underlined in paragraph 1? A. rare case B. hidden problem C. helpful suggestion D. special requirement 9. What does paragraph 3 focus on? A. The root causes of brainstorming’s failure. B. The typical results of brainstorming meetings. C. The standard process of brainstorming sessions. D. The potential advantages of group brainstorming. 10. Why is brainwriting more effective? A. It needs fewer participants. B. It simplifies the original procedure. C. It guarantees balanced participation. D. It adopts a more structured approach. 11. What is the best title for the passage? A. Ego Threat: A Barrier in Group Meetings B. Brainwriting: A Way to Unlock Team Potential C. Traditional Brainstorming: A Loss of Collective Intelligence D. The Dominance of Outgoing People: A Phenomenon in Brainstorming 【答案】8. B 9. A 10. C 11. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇议论文。本文指出了头脑风暴的弊端，继而提出了一种更高效的替代方案，真正实现集思广益。 【8题详解】 词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“Group brainstorming usually backfires.(团队头脑风暴通常会适得其反)”以及第二段“In brainstorming meetings, many good ideas are lost — and few are gained.(在头脑风暴会议中，许多好的想法会丢失——而好的想法却很少能被获取)”可知，在头脑风暴会议中，许多好的想法会丢失——而好的想法却很少能被获取，说明团队头脑风暴存在隐藏的问题。故划线词catch意为“隐藏的问题”。故选B。 【9题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段“Think about the brainstorming sessions you’ve attended. You’ve probably seen people bite their tongues due to ego threat(“I don’t want to look stupid.”), noise(“We can’t all talk at once.”), and conformity pressure(“Let’s all jump on the boss’s ship!”). Goodbye, diversity of thought; hello, groupthink. These challenges are greater for people who lack power or status: the most junior person in the room or an introvert drowning in a sea of extroverts.(回想一下你参加过的头脑风暴会议吧。想必你见过有人因为害怕自我形象受损（“我不想显得很愚蠢”）、担心干扰他人（“我们不能同时都发言”）或者受到从众压力（“我们都得跟老板保持一致！”）而选择闭口不言。再见了，思想的多样性；你好，群体思维。对于那些缺乏权力或地位的人来说，这些挑战更为严峻：比如房间中资历最浅的成员，或者是深陷在一群外向者包围中的内向者)”可知，第三段说明了头脑风暴失败的根本原因。故选A。 【10题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“In brainstorming meetings, it’s too easy for participation to lean toward the biggest egos, the loudest voices, and the most powerful people. The brainwriting process makes sure that all ideas are brought to the table and that all voices are brought into the conversation.(在头脑风暴会议中，很容易出现这样的情况：参与讨论的往往是那些最有自信、声音最大、权力最大的人。而“头脑写作”这一过程则能确保所有的想法都能被提出，所有的声音都能被纳入讨论之中)”可知，头脑写作更有效是因为它能确保参与者的意见得到均衡的表达。故选C。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第四段“To unearth the hidden potential in teams, instead of brainstorming, we are better off shifting to a process called “brainwriting”.(为了挖掘团队的潜在能力，与其进行头脑风暴，不如采用一种名为“头脑写作”的方法会更好)”以及本文指出了头脑风暴的弊端，继而提出了一种更高效的“头脑写作”的替代方案，真正实现集思广益。故B选项“头脑写作：一种释放团队潜力的方法”最符合文章标题。故选B。 D Imagine walking into a room filled with strangers, you haven’t spoken a word. You haven’t heard one either. Yet something is already being said. You might feel the slight pressure of a look from across the room. You sense comfort in the way another person smiles—not just with their lips, but with their whole face. You know who is confident, who is nervous, who seems open, and who seems closed. All this happens before a single word is spoken. This isn’t magic. It’s the mind’s secret language. It’s the silent, invisible force beneath every human interaction, shaping our relationships, influencing our judgments, and connecting us in ways that words never could. Long before you learned to talk, you were already a master of silent communication. Babies just days old can detect eye contact. They respond to tone, rhythm and facial expressions. They cry to signal need and smile to build bonds (联系). No vocabulary is needed. This is the foundation of what neuroscientists call social cognition—the brain’s ability to understand and respond to others. Our brains are built for connection. We don’t just observe others: we simulate (模仿) their actions inside ourselves. When you see someone smile, your brain activates the same regions that fire when you yourself smile. This is the basis of mirror neurons, a system discovered in the 1990s that helps explain how we “feel” what others feel. From babyhood, we start building a theory of mind. This means understanding that others have their own separate thoughts, feelings and intentions. We use this knowledge constantly, mostly without speaking. You don’t need someone to say, “I’m depressed.” You recognize it in how they shut a door firmly or avoid meeting your eyes. This skill to sense others—to read their mental state from their face, posture, gestures, voice tone and even silences—is the essential foundation of human connection. It explains our talent for storytelling, teamwork, and caring. It’s also why misunderstandings can happen so easily. 12. What can we learn about babies according to paragraph 3? A. They learn words quickly. B. They bond through smiles. C. They ignore facial expressions. D. They rarely signal needs. 13. Why does the author mention “mirror neurons”? A. To describe brain diseases. B. To explain sharing others’ feelings. C. To argue against social cognition. D. To prove speech’s importance. 14. What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A. How brains process language. B. Why people avoid eye contact. C. The role of the theory of mind. D. The discovery of babies’ abilities. 15. What ability is a key function of the theory of mind? A. Predicting weather changes. B. Creating complex vocabulary. C. Understanding others’ intentions. D. Memorizing scientific terms. 【答案】12. B 13. B 14. C 15. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人类无声交流的能力，包括通过表情、姿势等感知他人情绪（镜像神经元），以及理解他人意图的“心智理论”。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“They cry to signal need and smile to build bonds (联系). No vocabulary is needed.(婴儿们通过哭泣来表达需求，通过微笑来建立联系，不需要词汇)”可知，婴儿通过微笑来建立联系。故选B。 【13题详解】 推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“When you see someone smile, your brain activates the same regions that fire when you yourself smile. This is the basis of mirror neurons, a system discovered in the 1990s that helps explain how we “feel” what others feel.(当你看到别人微笑时，你的大脑会激活与你自己微笑时相同的区域。这就是镜像神经元的基础，这个系统是在20世纪90年代被发现的，它有助于解释我们如何“感受”别人的感受)”可知，作者提到“镜像神经元”是为了解释我们如何分享别人的感受。故选B。 【14题详解】 主旨大意题。根据文章第五段中的“From babyhood, we start building a theory of mind. This means understanding that others have their own separate thoughts, feelings and intentions.(从婴儿时期开始，我们就开始建立一种心理理论，即理解别人有自己独立的思想、感情和意图)”以及“We use this knowledge constantly, mostly without speaking. You don’t need someone to say, “I’m depressed.” You recognize it in how they shut a door firmly or avoid meeting your eyes.( 我们经常运用这种认知能力，但往往无需言语表达。你无需有人告诉你说“我很沮丧”。你能够通过他们紧闭房门的动作或者避免与你对视的方式察觉出这种情绪。)”可知，本段描述了我们在日常生活中如何使用我们婴儿时期所建立的“心理理论”，即本段讲述了心理理论的作用。故选C。 【15题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章第五段中的“From babyhood, we start building a theory of mind. This means understanding that others have their own separate thoughts, feelings and intentions.(从婴儿时期开始，我们就开始建立一种心理理论，即理解别人有自己独立的思想、感情和意图)”可知，理解别人的意图是心理理论的一个关键功能。故选C。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How to Handle Peer (同龄人) Pressure As adolescents are the most sensitive age group, peer pressure is a common issue they often encounter during their academic journey. They have a strong desire to belong as well as for a fear of not belonging. When classmates influence each other to adopt specific behaviors, attitudes, or choices, the pressure occurs. ___16___ Here are some strategies to overcome these pressures: ___17___ Everyone has a set of values that are unique to them. Understanding personal core values and beliefs lays a solid foundation for resisting negative influences. When individuals are clear about their identity and principles, they are less likely to surrender to peer pressure. Regular personal reflection helps shape and strengthen this individual consciousness. Establish clear boundaries. Setting boundaries involves expressing one’s thoughts, feelings, and decisions confidently and respectfully, even in the face of opposition. By firmly but mildly communicating personal boundaries and preferences, individuals can maintain control over their choices. ___18___ Surround oneself with supportive influences. Building genuine connections with like-minded individuals who respect and support each other’s values acts as a shield against negative influences and fosters a positive social environment, providing encouragement.___19___ Their wisdom, encouragement, and support help build confidence and navigate complex social dynamics. View peer pressure objectively and make a balance. ___20___ Positive peer pressure involves peers supporting and encouraging constructive actions, such as spreading kindness, creating an active and anti-bullying atmosphere. Neutral peer pressure involves in non- harmful areas like fashion and speech patterns. In conclusion, although peer pressure is often a destructive force that needs to be overcome, it can also encourage teenagers to behave in ways that are beneficial to themselves and others. A. Develop a strong sense of self-awareness. B. Be positive about your own reactions and feelings. C. Tackling peer pressure can be challenging but manageable. D. Despite its negative implication, peer pressure can also be inspiring or neutral. E In this way they can resist peer pressure without being aggressive or submissive. F. The term “peer pressure” most popularly refers to the influences felt by classmates. G. Additionally, seeking guidance from trusted adults offers priceless insights and advice. 【答案】16. C 17. A 18. E 19. G 20. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章主要就如何应对同龄人压力提出了几点建议和方法。 【16题详解】 根据上句“When classmates influence each other to adopt specific behaviors, attitudes, or choices, the pressure occurs.(当同学们相互影响采取特定的行为、态度或选择时，压力就产生了。)”，选项C. Tackling peer pressure can be challenging but manageable.(应对同龄人压力是一项挑战，但也是可控的。)进一步提出了压力产生后，需要加以应对，这是一种挑战，但也可控，承接上文的同时，引出下文“Here are some strategies to overcome these pressures:(以下是一些克服这些压力的策略)”，就如何应对压力提出方法，语意衔接，符合语境。故选C。 【17题详解】 空处为第二段段落主题句，参考三、四、五段可知，应用祈使句；根据该段“When individuals are clear about their identity and principles, they are less likely to surrender to peer pressure. Regular personal reflection helps shape and strengthen this individual consciousness.(当个人清楚自己的身份和原则时，他们就不太可能屈服于同龄人的压力。定期的个人反思有助于塑造和加强这种个人意识。)”可知，第二段主要是建议同学们要塑造和加强个人意识，选项A. Develop a strong sense of self-awareness.(培养强烈的自我意识。)与该段主题一致，总结概括了段落主题。故选A。 18题详解】 根据上句“By firmly but mildly communicating personal boundaries and preferences, individuals can maintain control over their choices.(通过坚定而温和地沟通个人界限和偏好，个人可以保持对自己选择的控制。)”可知，该句描述了个人保持对自己选择控制的具体方法，选项E. In this way they can resist peer pressure without being aggressive or submissive.(通过这种方式，他们可以抵抗同龄人的压力，而不会咄咄逼人或顺从。)进一步说明了用这种方法还可以抵抗同龄人的压力，衔接合理，符合语境。故选E。 【19题详解】 根据上句“Building genuine connections with like-minded individuals who respect and support each other’s values acts as a shield against negative influences and fosters a positive social environment, providing encouragement.(与志同道合的人建立真正的联系，尊重和支持彼此的价值观，作为抵御负面影响的盾牌，培养积极的社会环境，提供鼓励。) ”，选项G. Additionally, seeking guidance from trusted adults offers priceless insights and advice.(此外，从值得信赖的成年人那里寻求指导可以提供无价的见解和建议。)补充说明了要让自己获得周围人的支持，除了要与志同道合的人建立联系，还要从值得信赖的成年人那里寻求指导，描述了第四段主题句“Surround oneself with supportive influences.(使自己周围得到支持)”的具体做法；下句“Their wisdom, encouragement, and support help build confidence and navigate complex social dynamics.(他们的智慧、鼓励和支持有助于建立信心，驾驭复杂的社会动态。)”中的“Their”指代选项G中的“trusted adults”，解释说明了要得到这些成年人指导的原因，语意衔接合理。故选G。 【20题详解】 根据第一段“As adolescents are the most sensitive age group, peer pressure is a common issue they often encounter during their academic journey.(由于青少年是最敏感的年龄组，同龄人压力是他们在学习过程中经常遇到的一个常见问题。)”和“Here are some strategies to overcome these pressures:(以下是一些克服这些压力的策略)”及前文内容可知，文章主要讲述了如何应对带给人负面影响的同龄人压力，选项D. Despite its negative implication, peer pressure can also be inspiring or neutral.(尽管有负面的影响，同龄人压力也可以是鼓舞人心的或中立的。)承接前文所讲述的同龄人压力带来的负面影响，并引出下文“Positive peer pressure involves peers supporting and encouraging constructive actions, such as spreading kindness, creating an active and anti-bullying atmosphere. Neutral peer pressure involves in non- harmful areas like fashion and speech patterns.(积极的同龄人压力包括同伴支持和鼓励建设性的行为，比如传播善意，创造一个积极和反欺凌的氛围。中立的同龄人压力涉及非有害领域，如时尚和说话方式。)”中所提到的鼓舞人心和中立的同龄人压力，下文对其内容进行了具体的描述，与段落最后“In conclusion, although peer pressure is often a destructive force that needs to be overcome, it can also encourage teenagers to behave in ways that are beneficial to themselves and others.(总之，尽管同辈压力通常是一种需要克服的破坏性力量，但它也可以鼓励青少年以有利于自己和他人的方式行事。)”所作出的总结意义相符，符合段落主题。故选D。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I always miss the days spent at university. My experiences there ____21____ me a lot, making me a person I had never expected to be. I met individuals having great passion such as Professor Johnson. He was ____22____ , who always pushed me beyond the comfort zone. He asked me to analyze complex concepts and ____23____ deep discussions. As for academic homework, I could always receive his thorough ____24____ . His great devotion to his profession motivated me to progress further. The weekly lab programs were unforgettable, usually including field trips. One trip ____25____. On a cold January afternoon, Professor Johnson led us to a stream where I ____26____some green watercress (水田芥). He told us about its functions and characteristics and even picked some for us to ____27____ . I had never imagined a vegetable could grow in this kind of winter climate, and one bite of the vegetable with great flavor and icy, crisp feel ___28___ me. That experience aroused my deep ____29____ for nature and commitment to environmental conservation. Being ____30____ to feelings of awe at university regularly shifted my focus away from myself, making me ___31___ in the presence of something greater. Based on all this, my best advice to fellow students as to ____32____ awe during the time at university. Get involved in opportunities that stretch you. ____33____, you may feel confused and even frightened a little bit but real education requires some degree of ____34____. When you finally walk across the stage at graduation, you will be ____35____ for those experiences. 21. A. favored B. pleased C. transformed D. consumed 22. A. honest B. strict C. passionate D. polite 23. A. enter into B. break off C. attend to D. withdraw from 24. A. criticisms B. evaluations C. descriptions D. considerations 25. A. stood out B. faded away C. got through D. slipped out 26. A. planted B. protected C. discovered D. removed 27. A. taste B. record C. watch D. sell 28. A. stressed B. affected C. addressed D. refreshed 29. A. hope B. admiration C. regret D. concern 30. A. treated B. compared C. exposed D. added 31. A. humble B. nervous C. proud D. desperate 32. A. prevent B. seek C. abandon D. await 33. A. Gradually B. Secretly C. Originally D. Suddenly 34. A. competence B. discomfort C. knowledge D. interest 35. A. ready B. famous C. fit D. grateful 【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A 24. B 25. A 26. C 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. C 31. A 32. B 33. C 34. B 35. D 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述大学经历对作者的改变，以及从教授和实践活动中收获的成长与感悟。 【21题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在那里的经历极大地改变了我，让我成为了一个从未想过会成为的人。A. favored偏爱，支持；B. pleased使高兴；C. transformed使改观，使转变；D. consumed消耗，耗尽。根据下文“making me a person I had never expected to be”可知，大学经历彻底改变了作者。故选C。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他很严格，总是督促我走出舒适区。A. honest诚实的；B. strict严格的；C. passionate热情的；D. polite有礼貌的。根据下文“who always pushed me beyond the comfort zone”可知，这位教授对作者要求严格。故选B。 【23题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：他让我分析复杂的概念，并参与深入的讨论。A. enter into参与，开始从事；B. break off中断，突然停止；C. attend to照料，处理；D. withdraw from退出，撤离。根据前文“analyze complex concepts”和语境可知，教授要求作者参与深度讨论。故选A。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：至于学术作业，我总能得到他全面的评价。A. criticisms批评；B. evaluations评价，评估；C. descriptions描述；D. considerations考虑，考量。根据前文“academic homework”可知，教授会对作者的作业给出全面评估。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：有一次实地考察尤为突出。A. stood out突出，显眼；B. faded away逐渐消失；C. got through通过，完成；D. slipped out溜走，悄悄离开。根据下文对一月寒冷午后那次考察的详细描述可知，这次经历在众多考察中很突出。故选A。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在一月一个寒冷的下午，约翰逊教授带我们来到一条小溪边，我在那里发现了一些绿色的水田芥。A. planted种植；B. protected保护；C. discovered发现；D. removed移开，去除。根据下文“some green watercress ”和语境可知，作者是在小溪边偶然发现水田芥的。故选C。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他给我们讲解了它的功能和特性，甚至摘了一些让我们品尝。A. taste品尝；B. record记录；C. watch观看；D. sell售卖。根据下文“one bite of the vegetable”可知，教授摘了水田芥让大家品尝。故选A。 【28题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我从未想过这种蔬菜能在这样的冬季气候中生长，咬上一口，味道鲜美，口感冰凉爽脆，让我精神一振。A. stressed使紧张，强调；B. affected影响；C. addressed解决，致辞；D. refreshed使精神振作，使清爽。根据前文“great flavor and icy, crisp feel”可知，品尝水田芥的体验让作者感到清爽振奋。故选D。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：那次经历唤起了我对自然深深的敬佩，以及投身环境保护的决心。A. hope希望；B. admiration敬佩，赞赏；C. regret后悔；D. concern担心，关切。根据下文“commitment to environmental conservation”可知，这次经历让作者对自然产生了敬佩之情。故选B。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在大学里经常接触到令人敬畏的事物，这让我的关注点不再局限于自己，也让我在更宏大的事物面前变得谦卑。A. treated对待，治疗；B. compared比较；C. exposed使接触，使暴露于；D. added增加。根据上文对一次考查的具体描述以及下文“to feelings of awe at university regularly”可知，此处指接触到令人敬畏的事物。故选C。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在大学里经常接触到令人敬畏的事物，这让我的关注点不再局限于自己，也让我在更宏大的事物面前变得谦卑。A. humble谦卑的，谦逊的；B. nervous紧张的；C. proud骄傲的；D. desperate绝望的。根据前文“shifted my focus away from myself”和下文“in the presence of something greater”可知，作者的心态变得谦卑。故选A。 【32题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：基于这一切，我给学弟学妹们最好的建议是，在大学期间要去追寻这种敬畏之心。A. prevent阻止；B. seek寻找，追寻；C. abandon放弃；D. await等待。根据下文“Get involved in opportunities that stretch you”可知，作者建议大家主动去追寻这种能带来成长的敬畏感。故选B。 【33题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：起初，你可能会感到困惑，甚至有点害怕，但真正的教育需要一定程度的不适感。A. Gradually逐渐地；B. Secretly秘密地；C. Originally起初，最初；D. Suddenly突然。根据下文“you may feel confused and even frightened a little bit”可知，这是参与挑战时最初的感受。故选C。 【34题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：起初，你可能会感到困惑，甚至有点害怕，但真正的教育需要一定程度的不适感。A. competence能力；B. discomfort不适，不安；C. knowledge知识；D. interest兴趣。根据前文“feel confused and even frightened”可知，这些都是走出舒适区时会产生的不适感，而这种不适感是真正教育的一部分。故选B。 【35题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当你最终走上毕业典礼的舞台时，你会感激那些经历。A. ready准备好的；B. famous著名的；C. fit健康的，合适的；D. grateful感激的。结合前文所述的经历带来的成长可知，作者认为大家最终会感激这些挑战。故选D。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Grand Tang Mall in Xi’an, Shaanxi province, offers a fascinating experience that transports visitors back to the Tang Dynasty. Even after 10 p. m. on weekdays, the pedestrian area comes alive ____36____vibrant lights and lively music. The main street____37____ (line) with Tang-style pavilions, and people dressed in traditional Chinese attire (服装) can be seen ____38____ (leisure) strolling. ____39____ sets this modern recreation apart is a series of outdoor performances ____40____ (feature)cultural elements from the Tang Dynasty presented in a contemporary way. Onstage, acclaimed Tang Dynasty poets, ____41____ (play) by actors, engage visitors in conversations about ancient Chinese poetry. Within a compact area, captivating musicals and dance performances blend traditional and contemporary elements, providing an _____42_____ (impress) cultural experience. These interactive events ____43____ (become) the city’s tourism highlight, attracting ____44____daily average of 300, 000 tourists to the Grand Tang Mall since June. Inspired by the glamour of the Tang Dynasty, the Grand Tang Mall continues to create new productions_____45_____showcase the era’s poetry and art performances. With over 20 regular programs, each lasting 10 minutes, visitors are encouraged to arrive early to secure a good view of these popular shows. 【答案】36. with 37. is lined 38. leisurely 39. What 40. featuring 41. played 42. impressive 43. have become 44. a 45. that##which 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了陕西省西安市的大唐购物中心为游客提供了一种将游客带回唐朝的迷人体验。 【36题详解】 考查介词。句意：即使在工作日的晚上10点以后，步行区也会因灯光和欢快的音乐而活跃起来。分析句子可知，此处为动词短语come alive with“因……而变得生动活泼”，所以此处为介词with的填入。故填with。 【37题详解】 考查动词时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：主要街道两旁是唐式凉亭，人们穿着中国传统服装悠闲地散步。空处为第一个分句的谓语动词，主语The main street为单数名词和动词line为被动关系，结合上下文时态可知，此处为陈述客观事实，为一般现在时。故填is lined。 【38题详解】 考查副词。句意：主要街道两旁是唐式凉亭，人们穿着中国传统服装悠闲地散步。由副词修饰动词可知，此处为副词leisurely作状语修饰动词strolling。故填leisurely。 【39题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：让这个现代娱乐活动与众不同的是一系列以唐代文化元素为特色的户外表演，以现代的方式呈现。分析句子可知，空处引导主句从句，从句缺少主语，指代事物，应用连接代词what引导从句。故填What。 【40题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：让这个现代娱乐活动与众不同的是一系列以唐代文化元素为特色的户外表演，以现代的方式呈现。分析句子可知，主句已有谓语动词is，空处应填非谓语动词，performances和feature为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式作后置定语。故填featuring。 【41题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：舞台上，著名的唐代诗人由演员扮演，与游客谈论中国古代诗歌。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰Tang Dynasty poets，Tang Dynasty poets和play为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式。故填played。 【42题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在紧凑区域内，迷人的音乐剧和舞蹈表演融合了传统和现代元素，提供了令人印象深刻的文化体验。由空后cultural experience名词短语可知，此处为形容词作定语修饰该名词短语。故填impressive。 【43题详解】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：这些互动活动已成为该市的旅游亮点，自6月以来，每天平均吸引30万游客前往大唐购物中心。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，由该句since可知，此处应为现在完成时，主语events为复数名词，所以为动词复数形式。故填have become。 【44题详解】 考查冠词。句意：这些互动活动已成为该市的旅游亮点，自6月以来，每天平均吸引30万游客前往大唐购物中心。an/a...average of“……的平均”是固定短语，修饰词daily的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。 【45题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：受到唐代魅力的启发，大唐商城继续创作新的作品，展示这个时代的诗歌和艺术表演。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是new productions，从句中缺少主语成分，应用关系代词which/that引导。故填that/which。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，你的留学生朋友David对中国国画非常感兴趣。你校国画社团正在招募新的成员，请写信邀请他加入。内容包括： 1.写信目的； 2.社团活动； 3.期待加入。 注意：1.词数80左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear David, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear David， Knowing that you are fond of traditional Chinese painting, I’ m writing to invite you to join the club of traditional Chinese Painting in our school. I truly think it an fantastic opportunity for you, an enthusiast for Chinese painting. Every Friday afternoon, the club offers drawing classes in the school gallery, during which you’ll learn how to paint and appreciate traditional Chinese painting. It also holds exhibitions of some works of art by true masters on a regular basis, helping you gain deep insight into the Chinese painting. I believe you will benefit a lot there. Looking forward to your joining. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以李华的身份，给对中国国画感兴趣的留学生朋友David写信，邀请他加入学校的国画社团。 【详解】1.词汇积累 喜欢：be fond of→enjoy 机会：opportunity→chance 欣赏：appreciate→admire 展览会：exhibition→show 2.句式拓展 同义句转换 原句：It also holds exhibitions of some works of art by masters on a regular basis, helping you gain deep insight into Chinese painting. 拓展句：It also holds exhibitions of some works of art by masters on a regular basis which can help you gain deep insight into Chinese painting. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Knowing that you are fond of traditional Chinese painting, I’ m writing to invite you to join the club of traditional Chinese Painting in our school. (运用了现在分词作状语和that引导的宾语从句) [高分句型2] Every Friday afternoon, the club offers drawing classes in the school gallery, during which you’ll learn how to paint and appreciate traditional Chinese painting. (运用了介词+which引导的非限制性定语从句) 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 We sometimes take our loved ones’ concern for granted and show our worst mood to the family. During my growth, an experience in senior high school stood out in my memory. As a taxi driver, my dad drove through chaotic streets with heavy traffic. Sometimes he had to deal with rude passengers and struggle with thin income. Despite these, he never complained. Dad was devoted to our family and cared much about us. The sunflower keychain I had given him as a Father’s Day gift in fifth grade had long lost its shine. Yet he had it attached to his leather belt everywhere he went. Every day, he simply headed out early in his worn-out uniform with two patches (补丁) and returned late with a tired but warm smile. When we joked about his “fashionable patches”, he’d laugh and say, “These are my medals of honor!” As I entered senior high school, my world became overwhelming. Math problems danced in my head. My grades didn’t improve but even declined. School pressures skyrocketed. Even small things would set me off. Dad’s daily “How’s school today?” felt like another weight on my back. I was mean to his inquiries, even though I knew he meant well. One day after a frustrating exam, I returned home, my backpack strap (肩带) cutting into my shoulder. Dad was calculating the taxi bills then. “Hey,” he said, with a smile on his face, “How is …” “STOP IT!” The words exploded out of me. “You’re always in my business! Can’t you just...leave me ALONE?” He froze. The pen he was holding rolled off the table. His face fell, as if I’d thrown cold water on him. Then he stood up slowly and walked to his room. The door shut softly—not a slam (砰地关上), just a quiet click—that somehow hurt me worse. 注意： 1．续写词数应为150左右; 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 I was shocked myself and my eyes fell on the keychain, my mind racing. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I knocked at the door and it opened. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Paragraph 1 I was shocked myself and my eyes fell on the keychain, my mind racing. The faded sunflower, once golden and bright, now mirrored Dad’s silent sacrifices. Memories flooded in: him skipping meals to pay for my textbooks, his cracked hands gripping the steering wheel, and the way he proudly called his patches “medals.” My outburst replayed in my head, sharp and ugly. Guilt gnawed at me as I realized his questions weren’t prying—they were his lifeline to my world. The quiet click of the door echoed louder than any argument. Paragraph 2 I knocked at the door and it opened. Dad sat on the edge of his bed, the sunflower keychain trembling in his hands. “I… I’m sorry,” I choked out. He looked up, eyes weary but soft. “I just wanted to know you’re okay,” he murmured. Tears blurred my vision as I hugged him, his patched uniform rough against my cheek. “Your medals are real,” I whispered. He laughed, a warm sound that melted the tension. From then on, his “How’s school?” became a bridge, not a burden. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，主要讲述了作者在高中时期因学业压力大，对关心自己的出租车司机父亲恶语相向，事后感到后悔，最终向父亲道歉并和解的故事。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“我自己也惊呆了，我的目光落在钥匙链上，我的脑子飞快地转着。”可知，第一段可描写作者看到钥匙链后，回忆起父亲对自己的爱与付出，内心充满愧疚，开始反思自己的行为。 ②由第二段首句内容“我敲了敲门，门开了”可知，第二段可描写作者鼓起勇气向父亲道歉，两人进行沟通交流，最终化解矛盾，修复关系。 2.续写线索：看到钥匙链回忆父亲付出（产生愧疚）——鼓起勇气敲门找父亲——向父亲道歉——父亲理解包容 ——矛盾化解，关系修复 3.词汇激活 行为类 ① 意识到：realize/be aware ② 颤抖：tremble/quiver ③ 拥抱：hug/embrace 情绪类： ① 自豪地：proudly/with pride ② 温暖的：warm/cozy 【点睛】【高分句型 1】“I just wanted to know you’re okay,” he murmured.（运用了省略that的宾语从句） 【高分句型 2】Guilt gnawed at me as I realized his questions weren’t prying—they were his lifeline to my world.（运用了as引导的时间状语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 宁远一中崇德学校高二年级期末全真模拟英语试题卷 本试题卷分为听力、阅读、语言运用和写作四个部分。时量120分钟。满分150分。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒到的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。 1. What happened to the man? A. He was fined by his company. B. He had a business failure. C. He lost his job. 2. What did the man forget to do today? A. Watch a show. B. Walk the dog. C. Practice the piano. 3. How many courses does the woman have in the morning? A. Two. B. Three. C. Five. 4. What does the woman need help with? A. Buying some medicine. B. Finding a drugstore. C. Getting groceries. 5. What is the woman’s problem? A. She lacks imagination. B. She manages time badly. C. She has difficulty focusing. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。 6. What are the speakers mainly discussing? A. The man’s trip preparations. B. The man’s emergency funds. C. The man’s credit limit. 7. How much cash has the man prepared for his trip? A. 200 euros. B. 300 euros. C. 500 euros. 听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。 8. Why is the woman nervous? A. It’s been years since her last race. B. She hasn’t trained for two months. C. She suffered an injury before. 9. What’s the man’s advice? A Doing enough warm-up exercises. B. Adjusting based on the race. C. Keeping a comfortable pace. 10. What is the man mainly doing? A. Building the woman’s confidence for the race. B. Creating a recovery plan for the woman. C. Comforting the woman after the race. 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。 11. Where is the conversation taking place? A. In a hotel apartment. B. On a beach. C. In a cafe. 12. What drink does the woman want? A. Juice. B. Water. C. Coffee. 13. What are the speakers going to do tonight? A. Read magazines. B. Have a group dinner. C. Use a coffee machine. 听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。 14. What’s the probable relationship between the speakers? A. Teammates. B. Professor and student. C. Interviewer and interviewee. 15. Why is the newly discovered dinosaur special? A. It stands on three legs. B. It likes eating leaves. C. It has two fingers. 16. What will the woman discuss next? A. Another dinosaur species. B. Her next research region. C. Dinosaurs moving between regions. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。 17. What do we know about Barnard’s star? A. It’s bigger than the Sun. B. It’s younger than the Sun. C. It’s cooler than the Sun. 18. Why is Barnard’s Star hard to observe? A. Its brightness is low. B. It’s too close to the Sun. C. It has millions of planets. 19. What does the speaker think of the universe? A. It is full of the unknown B. It is largely explored. C. It is multi-centered. 20. Who is the speaker probably talking to? A. Scientists. B. Students. C. News reporters. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Poetry Exhibitions in Chicago Monica Ong: Planetaria Planetaria is an exhibition of visual poems by Monica Ong that use the visual language of astronomy to explore the territories of motherhood. If poetry and astronomy were to throw an art party, this one invites audiences to imagine new cosmographies. Date: Thursday, April 21, 2023 —Thursday, September 8, 2024 Location: 61 W. Superior, Chicago Illinois 60654 Kara Walker: Back of Hand Kara Walker: Back of Hand appropriately highlights Walker’s engagement with language. The exhibition features 2015 Book, a series of 11 typewritten pages with ink and watercolor illustrations. Works in this exhibition contain strong imagery and content that may not be suitable for all viewers. Date: Thursday, February 15, 2024 — Saturday, May 18, 2024 Location: 61 W. Superior, Chicago Illinois 60654 Alex Katz: Collaborations with Poets Experience the first exhibition to bring together the full range of materials that show Alex Katz’s collaborations with poets, impressing visitors with their proper use of poetic language. Collaborations with Poets includes editioned books, drawings, all centering on poets and poetry. Date: Saturday, February 18, 2024 — Saturday, March 20, 2024 Location: 61 W. Superior Street, Chicago, Illinois 60654 Harriet Monroe: the Open Door Harriet Monroe: the Open Door maps the development of Monroe’s editorial philosophy, locating it within the cultures of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. She advocated openness to contemporary poems, leading to the publication of some of the most influential English-language poems of the modern era. Date: Thursday, September 14, 2023-Saturday, January 13, 2024 Location: 61 West Superior Street, Chicago, Illinois 60654 1. Where should you go if you are interested in studying universe? A. Harriet Monroe: the Open Door. B. Kara Walker: Back of Hand. C. Alex Katz: Collaborations with Poets. D. Monica Ong: Planetaria. 2. What do Kara Walker: Back of Hand and Alex Katz: Collaborations with Poets have in common? A. Both exhibitions are proper for all the viewers. B. Both exhibitions feature the poets’ skillful use of language. C. Both exhibitions bring together works of different poets. D. Both exhibitions include books with photographs. 3. What do we know about Harriet Monroe? A. She wrote poems by citing philosophy. B. She drew a map about her editorial philosophy. C. She welcomed the occurrence of modern poems. D. She inspired poets to appreciate modern poems. B I’m standing with Malena in front of an enormous pan in a kitchen in Copenhagen as she cooks “meatballs”, the size of ping pong balls. Then Malena places a hot one on my plate. It gives a little when I press my fork into it, just like a conventional meatball. I put a little in my mouth. It tastes good. If I didn’t know better, I wouldn’t suspect that I was chewing ground-up bugs. She and her business partner, Jessica, both in their early 30s, have big plans: to sell sustainable insect-based food products to the world. The pair founded their company, Hey Planet, in 2017. While one third of the Earth’s arable (可耕种的) land is used to grow livestock feed, millions of people are starving in the Horn of Africa. “We already have a solution — plant-based food — but people also want animal protein.” says Malena. “Our meat has a protein content that’s as high as or higher than beef. It also contains omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin B12 and iron, which create a familiar meaty taste,” says Jessica. Their biggest block is that many of their potential customers find insects unacceptable. But many parts of the world have a long tradition of eating bugs. Up to the middle of the 20th century, some people in France and Germany made soups with fried May bugs. In all, approximately 2,100 different insect species are fit for human consumption. However, science is no match for human emotion. That’s why their packaging has almost no images of insects. The labels do state “Sustainable meat made from beetle protein” though they don’t say which beetle, let alone what the buffalo beetle does. “We hope that the origin of insect protein will be viewed only as a food-enriching ingredient,” Jessica says. It would be no different than many other foods. As I cycle through Copenhagen after my visit to Hey Planet, I pass a stand selling rode polser, Denmark’s popular pork sausages. Suddenly the idea of marketing food made from insects doesn’t seem like a pipe dream. After all, most Danish people don’t think twice about what gives rode polse their distinctive red colour: a dye obtained from a South American insect. 4. Why was Hey Planet founded? A. To reduce food shortage globally. B. To make use of insects in the Horn of Africa. C. To reduce the consumption of plant-based food. D. To expand land use for livestock feed production. 5. What is a feature of Hey Planet’s products? A. Nutrition comparable to beef. B. Flavor distinct from traditional meat. C. More sustainable than plant-based food. D. Packaging hiding insect origin completely. 6. What is the main barrier of Hey Planet’s products? A. Opposition from animal protectors. B. Consumers’ emotional resistance. C. The government’s food safety regulations. D. Technical limitations within the company. 7. What is the author’s attitude toward the future of the insect “meatball”? A. Neutral. B. Worried. C. Optimistic. D. Uncertain. C When we’re confronting a confusing problem, we often gather a group to brainstorm. We’re looking to the team to get the best ideas as quickly as possible. I love seeing it happen — except for one catch. Group brainstorming usually backfires. In brainstorming meetings, many good ideas are lost — and few are gained. Extensive evidence shows that when we generate ideas together, we fail to maximize collective intelligence. Brainstorming groups fall so far short of their potential that we may get more and better ideas if we all work alone. As the humorist Dave Barry said, “If you had to identify, in one word, the reason why the human race has not achieved and never will achieve its full potential, that word would be: meetings.” But the problem isn’t meetings themselves; it’s how we run them. Think about the brainstorming sessions you’ve attended. You’ve probably seen people bite their tongues due to ego threat(“I don’t want to look stupid.”), noise(“We can’t all talk at once.”), and conformity pressure(“Let’s all jump on the boss’s ship!”). Goodbye, diversity of thought; hello, groupthink. These challenges are greater for people who lack power or status: the most junior person in the room or an introvert drowning in a sea of extroverts. To unearth the hidden potential in teams, instead of brainstorming, we are better off shifting to a process called “brainwriting”. The initial steps are solo. You start by asking everyone to generate ideas separately. Next, you pool them and share them anonymously among the group. To preserve independent judgment, each member evaluates them on their own. Only then does the team come together to select and refine the most promising options. When ideas are developed and assessed individually before being chosen collectively, possibilities that might otherwise go unnoticed can surface and be advanced. In brainstorming meetings, it’s too easy for participation to lean toward the biggest egos, the loudest voices, and the most powerful people. The brainwriting process makes sure that all ideas are brought to the table and that all voices are brought into the conversation. The goal isn’t to be the smartest person in the room: it’s to make the room smarter. 8. What can replace the word “catch” underlined in paragraph 1? A. rare case B. hidden problem C. helpful suggestion D. special requirement 9. What does paragraph 3 focus on? A. The root causes of brainstorming’s failure. B. The typical results of brainstorming meetings. C. The standard process of brainstorming sessions. D. The potential advantages of group brainstorming. 10. Why is brainwriting more effective? A. It needs fewer participants. B. It simplifies the original procedure. C. It guarantees balanced participation. D. It adopts a more structured approach. 11. What is the best title for the passage? A. Ego Threat: A Barrier in Group Meetings B. Brainwriting: A Way to Unlock Team Potential C. Traditional Brainstorming: A Loss of Collective Intelligence D. The Dominance of Outgoing People: A Phenomenon in Brainstorming D Imagine walking into a room filled with strangers, you haven’t spoken a word. You haven’t heard one either. Yet something is already being said. You might feel the slight pressure of a look from across the room. You sense comfort in the way another person smiles—not just with their lips, but with their whole face. You know who is confident, who is nervous, who seems open, and who seems closed. All this happens before a single word is spoken. This isn’t magic. It’s the mind’s secret language. It’s the silent, invisible force beneath every human interaction, shaping our relationships, influencing our judgments, and connecting us in ways that words never could. Long before you learned to talk, you were already a master of silent communication. Babies just days old can detect eye contact. They respond to tone, rhythm and facial expressions. They cry to signal need and smile to build bonds (联系). No vocabulary is needed. This is the foundation of what neuroscientists call social cognition—the brain’s ability to understand and respond to others. Our brains are built for connection. We don’t just observe others: we simulate (模仿) their actions inside ourselves. When you see someone smile your brain activates the same regions that fire when you yourself smile. This is the basis of mirror neurons, a system discovered in the 1990s that helps explain how we “feel” what others feel. From babyhood, we start building a theory of mind. This means understanding that others have their own separate thoughts, feelings and intentions. We use this knowledge constantly, mostly without speaking. You don’t need someone to say, “I’m depressed.” You recognize it in how they shut a door firmly or avoid meeting your eyes. This skill to sense others—to read their mental state from their face posture, gestures, voice tone and even silences—is the essential foundation of human connection. It explains our talent for storytelling, teamwork, and caring. It’s also why misunderstandings can happen so easily. 12. What can we learn about babies according to paragraph 3? A. They learn words quickly. B. They bond through smiles. C. They ignore facial expressions. D. They rarely signal needs. 13. Why does the author mention “mirror neurons”? A. To describe brain diseases. B. To explain sharing others’ feelings. C. To argue against social cognition. D. To prove speech’s importance. 14. What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A. How brains process language. B. Why people avoid eye contact. C. The role of the theory of mind. D. The discovery of babies’ abilities. 15. What ability is a key function of the theory of mind? A. Predicting weather changes. B. Creating complex vocabulary. C. Understanding others’ intentions. D. Memorizing scientific terms. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 How to Handle Peer (同龄人) Pressure As adolescents are the most sensitive age group, peer pressure is a common issue they often encounter during their academic journey. They have a strong desire to belong as well as for a fear of not belonging. When classmates influence each other to adopt specific behaviors, attitudes, or choices, the pressure occurs. ___16___ Here are some strategies to overcome these pressures: ___17___ Everyone has a set of values that are unique to them. Understanding personal core values and beliefs lays a solid foundation for resisting negative influences. When individuals are clear about their identity and principles, they are less likely to surrender to peer pressure. Regular personal reflection helps shape and strengthen this individual consciousness. Establish clear boundaries. Setting boundaries involves expressing one’s thoughts, feelings, and decisions confidently and respectfully, even in the face of opposition. By firmly but mildly communicating personal boundaries and preferences, individuals can maintain control over their choices. ___18___ Surround oneself with supportive influences. Building genuine connections with like-minded individuals who respect and support each other’s values acts as a shield against negative influences and fosters a positive social environment, providing encouragement.___19___ Their wisdom, encouragement, and support help build confidence and navigate complex social dynamics. View peer pressure objectively and make a balance. ___20___ Positive peer pressure involves peers supporting and encouraging constructive actions, such as spreading kindness, creating an active and anti-bullying atmosphere. Neutral peer pressure involves in non- harmful areas like fashion and speech patterns. In conclusion, although peer pressure is often a destructive force that needs to be overcome, it can also encourage teenagers to behave in ways that are beneficial to themselves and others. A. Develop a strong sense of self-awareness. B. Be positive about your own reactions and feelings. C. Tackling peer pressure can be challenging but manageable. D. Despite its negative implication, peer pressure can also be inspiring or neutral. E. In this way they can resist peer pressure without being aggressive or submissive. F. The term “peer pressure” most popularly refers to the influences felt by classmates. G. Additionally, seeking guidance from trusted adults offers priceless insights and advice. 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 I always miss the days spent at university. My experiences there ____21____ me a lot making me a person I had never expected to be. I met individuals having great passion such as Professor Johnson. He was ____22____ , who always pushed me beyond the comfort zone. He asked me to analyze complex concepts and ____23____ deep discussions. As for academic homework, I could always receive his thorough ____24____ . His great devotion to his profession motivated me to progress further. The weekly lab programs were unforgettable, usually including field trips. One trip ____25____. On a cold January afternoon, Professor Johnson led us to a stream where I ____26____some green watercress (水田芥). He told us about its functions and characteristics and even picked some for us to ____27____ . I had never imagined a vegetable could grow in this kind of winter climate, and one bite of the vegetable with great flavor and icy, crisp feel ___28___ me. That experience aroused my deep ____29____ for nature and commitment to environmental conservation. Being ____30____ to feelings of awe at university regularly shifted my focus away from myself, making me ___31___ in the presence of something greater. Based on all this, my best advice to fellow students as to ____32____ awe during the time at university. Get involved in opportunities that stretch you. ____33____, you may feel confused and even frightened a little bit but real education requires some degree of ____34____. When you finally walk across the stage at graduation, you will be ____35____ for those experiences. 21. A. favored B. pleased C. transformed D. consumed 22. A. honest B. strict C. passionate D. polite 23. A. enter into B. break off C. attend to D. withdraw from 24. A. criticisms B. evaluations C. descriptions D. considerations 25. A. stood out B. faded away C. got through D. slipped out 26. A. planted B. protected C. discovered D. removed 27. A. taste B. record C. watch D. sell 28. A. stressed B. affected C. addressed D. refreshed 29. A. hope B. admiration C. regret D. concern 30. A. treated B. compared C. exposed D. added 31. A. humble B. nervous C. proud D. desperate 32. A. prevent B. seek C. abandon D. await 33. A. Gradually B. Secretly C. Originally D. Suddenly 34. A. competence B. discomfort C. knowledge D. interest 35. A. ready B. famous C. fit D. grateful 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Grand Tang Mall in Xi’an, Shaanxi province, offers a fascinating experience that transports visitors back to the Tang Dynasty. Even after 10 p. m. on weekdays, the pedestrian area comes alive ____36____vibrant lights and lively music. The main street____37____ (line) with Tang-style pavilions, and people dressed in traditional Chinese attire (服装) can be seen ____38____ (leisure) strolling. ____39____ sets this modern recreation apart is a series of outdoor performances ____40____ (feature)cultural elements from the Tang Dynasty presented in a contemporary way. Onstage, acclaimed Tang Dynasty poets, ____41____ (play) by actors, engage visitors in conversations about ancient Chinese poetry. Within a compact area, captivating musicals and dance performances blend traditional and contemporary elements, providing an _____42_____ (impress) cultural experience. These interactive events ____43____ (become) the city’s tourism highlight, attracting ____44____daily average of 300, 000 tourists to the Grand Tang Mall since June. Inspired by the glamour of the Tang Dynasty, the Grand Tang Mall continues to create new productions_____45_____showcase the era’s poetry and art performances. With over 20 regular programs, each lasting 10 minutes, visitors are encouraged to arrive early to secure a good view of these popular shows. 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，你的留学生朋友David对中国国画非常感兴趣。你校国画社团正在招募新的成员，请写信邀请他加入。内容包括： 1.写信目的； 2.社团活动； 3.期待加入。 注意：1.词数80左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear David, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 We sometimes take our loved ones’ concern for granted and show our worst mood to the family. During my growth, an experience in senior high school stood out in my memory. As a taxi driver, my dad drove through chaotic streets with heavy traffic. Sometimes he had to deal with rude passengers and struggle with thin income. Despite these, he never complained. Dad was devoted to our family and cared much about us. The sunflower keychain I had given him as a Father’s Day gift in fifth grade had long lost its shine. Yet he had it attached to his leather belt everywhere he went. Every day, he simply headed out early in his worn-out uniform with two patches (补丁) and returned late with a tired but warm smile. When we joked about his “fashionable patches”, he’d laugh and say, “These are my medals of honor!” As I entered senior high school, my world became overwhelming. Math problems danced in my head. My grades didn’t improve but even declined. School pressures skyrocketed. Even small things would set me off. Dad’s daily “How’s school today?” felt like another weight on my back. I was mean to his inquiries, even though I knew he meant well. One day after a frustrating exam, I returned home, my backpack strap (肩带) cutting into my shoulder. Dad was calculating the taxi bills then. “Hey,” he said, with a smile on his face, “How is …” “STOP IT!” The words exploded out of me. “You’re always in my business! Can’t you just...leave me ALONE?” He froze. The pen he was holding rolled off the table. His face fell, as if I’d thrown cold water on him. Then he stood up slowly and walked to his room. The door shut softly—not a slam (砰地关上), just a quiet click—that somehow hurt me worse. 注意： 1．续写词数应为150左右; 2．请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 I was shocked myself and my eyes fell on the keychain my mind racing. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I knocked at the door and it opened. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $