2026年中考英语复习专题课件：动词和动词短语

第二篇　语法突破方案 词类(二)　动词和动词短语 语境悟语法 考点跟踪练 语境实战练 课标考点导图 课标考点导图 2 语境悟语法 考点一 系动词、及物动词和不及物动词、助动词 ❘用法总结❘ 1.系动词 系动词后接形容词等作表语,主要用来说明主语的身份、性质、特征或状态。 【注意】系动词无被动语态。 3 语境悟语法 2.及物动词和不及物动词 (1)及物动词:其后必须接名词、代词或v.-ing形式等作宾语。 My mother is watering flowers. 我妈妈正在浇花。 (2)不及物动词:其后不接宾语;如接宾语,需要借助介词。 I agree with what you said. 我同意你说的话。 4 语境悟语法 3.助动词 (1)助动词: be(am/is/are, was/were); do(does, did); will(would); shall(should); have(has, had)。 (2)助动词本身无实际意义,不能单独作谓语,必须和其他动词连用构成谓语,表示时态、语态、疑问、否定等。 5 【1】从方框中选择恰当的词并用其适当形式填空。 1.—The flowers in our classroom came out in one night, Cindy. —That’s fantastic! They are beautiful and colorful. They 　　　　nice.   2.The piece of music, Erquan Yingyue, 　　　　beautiful but sad. It is a traditional treasure of China.  3.I was expecting to see the special scenery and 　　　　all kinds of food so that I accepted this invitation at once.  语境悟语法 smell sounds ❘语境体悟❘ taste sound　smell　taste 6 【2】用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。 1.The food in this restaurant is quite expensive. In addition, it tastes 　　　　(badly).  2.Don’t laugh at others when they 　　　　(be) in trouble.  3.James 　　　　(become) a basketball lover when he was 12 years old.  4.(2024甘肃)Tom and his parents 　　 　　(have) supper when the phone rang.  5.She 　 　　　(be) to Beijing many times, so she knows it very well.  6.We will go for a picnic if it 　　 　　(not rain) this afternoon.  语境悟语法 bad are became were having has been doesn’t rain 7 语境悟语法 考点二 情态动词 ❘用法总结❘ 分类 用法 can ①can(过去式could)表示能力;②表示请求;③常用can’t表示否定推测 may 表示推测、请求、许可,其过去式might的语气较为委婉,表示的可能性更小 must ①must表示肯定推测,意为“一定;准是”;②mustn’t 意为“禁止;不准” shall与 should ①shall常用于第一人称, 表示征求对方的意见或提出请求; ②should意为“应该”,可用于各种人称 will will用于询问、请求;也可以表示决心和意愿;其过去式would可用于各种人称 need ①need作情态动词时,多用于否定句或疑问句; ②need作实义动词时,常见用法need to do sth. 8 语境悟语法 —Peter isn’t in the classroom. Where is he? 彼得不在教室。他在哪里? —I’m not sure. He may/might/could be in the library. 我不确定。他可能在图书馆。 9 语境悟语法 根据语境,用恰当的情态动词填空。 1.—Excuse me, can I borrow this book? —Sure, but you 　　　　return it by the end of this term.  2.(2025白银改编) 　 　　　you turn down the TV, please? I’m trying to work.  3.(2025绥化改编)He 　　　　know the secret. I haven’t told anyone about it.  4.—　　　 　 I take a seat here?  —No, you can’t. They’re only for the old and children. must ❘语境体悟❘ Can/Could can’t May/Can/Could 10 语境悟语法 5.(2025云南改编)—Linda, can you do housework? —Yes, I 　　　　. I learned to cook at the age of eight.  6.—Robert, look at the time. 　　　　you play the drums at such a late hour?  —Sorry, dear. I’ll stop right now. 7.(2025天津改编)You 　　 　　tell Jim the good news because I’ve told him already.  can Must needn’t 11 语境悟语法 考点三 动词短语 ❘用法总结❘ 1.动词短语的构成 类型 示例 动词+副词 take off, write down, hand in, fix up (注意:此类短语的宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词,则要放在副词前面) 动词+介词 ask for, care about, look after, laugh at, lead to, wait for 动词+名词 have fun, play sports, take place 动词+副词+介词 look down upon, add up to, catch up with, do well in, run out of 动词+名词+介词 take care of, pay attention to, take part in 12 语境悟语法 2.常考动词短语 (更多短语见《课标词汇突破》P词066) 13 语境悟语法 1.(2024武汉改编)—Ben, help me 　　　　　　the book from the shelf, will you? It’s out of my reach.  —With pleasure. 2.In China, people usually 　　　　　　their houses to sweep away bad luck before the Spring Festival.  3.I want to tell friends of my age: Be brave in 　 　　　　　your dreams. Nothing is impossible!  4.The performance is so wonderful that I’m 　 　　　　　watching it again.  5.Linda 　　　　　　her mother. Both of them have curly hair and blue eyes.  take down ❘语境体悟❘ clean up running after looking forward to run after　take down　take after　clean up　look forward to takes after 14 Ⅰ.从方框中选择恰当的词并用其适当形式填空。 1.Tom’s classmate sent him a message to ask for help. He read it carefully and 　　　　with some useful advice.  2.—How do you usually go to Wuhan from here? —By high-speed train. It 　　　　me only 20 minutes to get there.  3.Seeing is not always believing. We 　　　　not judge(判断) anyone or anything if we don’t know the full story.  考点跟踪练 replied takes should take　be　should　stay　become　have　reply　sound　will　taste 15 4.—Would you like to have some fried chicken? —No, thanks. I think it 　　　　delicious but is unhealthy.  5.I 　　　　decided to stay away from fried food and soft drinks since I had my medical examination.  6.One expert and one scientist 　　　　coming to speak to us about science and technology tomorrow.  7.People should eat less junk food if they wish to 　　　　healthy.  考点跟踪练 tastes have are stay take　be　should　stay　become　have　reply　sound　will　taste 16 8.Your idea 　　　　good. Let’s give it a try and see if it will work.  9.A quick review of successes and failures at the end of the year 　　　　help shape your year ahead.  10.(2025泸州改编)Born in the countryside in Handan, Hebei, Wan went to Tianjin in 2018 and 　　 　　a deliveryman. 考点跟踪练 sounds will became take　be　should　stay　become　have　reply　sound　will　taste 17 Ⅱ.从方框中选择恰当的短语并用其适当形式填空。 1.It is a Chinese tradition to respect the old and 　　　　　　the young.  2.—I’m worried about leaving my friends and going to a new school. —Take it easy. I’m sure you’ll 　　 　　　　your new classmates if you are friendly to them.  3.Many teenagers 　　　　　　national heroes and dream of becoming like them.  考点跟踪练 care for get along with look up to hang out　care for　get along with　put up　take off　work out　look up to　get off 18 hang out　care for　get along with　put up　take off　work out　look up to　get off 4.(2025龙东改编)The stewardess(女乘务员) announced, “Welcome to our flight. The plane will 　　　　　　in ten minutes. Please fasten(系紧) your seat belts.”  5.(2025长春改编)We often hear “Mind your step.” when we 　　　　　　a high-speed train.  6.(2025安徽改编)—Thanks a lot for yesterday. I had a good time visiting the ancient town. —It was my great pleasure to 　　　　　　with you. 考点跟踪练 take off get off hang out 19 hang out　care for　get along with　put up　take off　work out　look up to　get off 7.(2025连云港改编)Our class went on a camping trip last Sunday. We 　　　　　　our tent near a lake.  8.(2025宿迁改编)In yesterday’s math lesson, our group 　　　　　　the problem after a discussion. 考点跟踪练 put up worked out 20 Ⅰ.从方框中选择恰当的词或短语并用其适当形式填空。 1.(2025江西改编)Mozart 　　　　　　many pieces of beautiful music. That’s why he is so famous.  2.—The paper cutting is pretty lively. Who made it? —It　　　　　 　be Mary. She is really good at doing this.  3.If it rains tomorrow, I 　　　　　　stay at home to do my homework.  4.Look! There are many students 　　　　　　on the playground.  语境实战练 created must will pick　should　lay　turn off　create　must　miss　run　take part in　will running 21 5.(2025绥化改编)On the Dragon Boat Festival, my mother cooked delicious zongzi and 　　　　　　them on the plate.  6.Earthquakes can be very dangerous. We 　　　　　　learn to protect ourselves.  7.(2025福建改编)—I’d like to travel to Shandong. —Mount Taishan is a place of interest. You can’t 　　　　　　it.  8.Please 　　　　　　up the rubbish and put it into the proper rubbish bin.  语境实战练 laid should miss pick pick　should　lay　turn off　create　must　miss　run　take part in　will 22 9.Remember to 　　　　　　the lights before you leave the classroom.  10.The spirit of this competition is not to win but to 　　　　　　it.  语境实战练 turn off take part in pick　should　lay　turn off　create　must　miss　run　take part in　will 23 Ⅱ.完形填空 Last summer vacation, I joined a volunteer team to 　1　 English in a primary school in a remote village. My parents 　2 　 my plan and helped me prepare all the things I needed.  （ ）1.A.teach B.study C.travel （ ）2.A.went along with 　 B.agreed with C.turned down 语境实战练 teach A agreed with B 24 When we 　3　 the village early in the morning, the kids were already waiting at the school gate. They 　4 　 us with curious eyes and rushed to welcome us warmly. The school headmaster 　5 　 us to the classrooms and introduced us to the local teachers. （ ）3.A.got to 　　　　　 B.looked for C.passed by （ ）4.A.went through 　　 B.listened to C.looked at （ ）5.A.wished B.led C.helped 语境实战练 got to A looked at C led B 25 My first task was to 　6　 English classes to Grade 5 students. Before the first class, I 　7　 my lesson plan carefully and practiced teaching steps again and again. When I walked into the classroom, the noisy room suddenly 　8 　 quiet. I smiled, 　9 　 myself, and then started the class with a simple English song. （ ）6.A.give B.have C.take （ ）7.A.checked B.reviewed C.prepared （ ）8.A.sounded B.became C.looked （ ）9.A.said B.told C.introduced 语境实战练 give A prepared C became B introduced C 26 The kids were very active in class. They raised their hands eagerly when I 　10　 questions. Some of them couldn’t speak English fluently, but they tried their best to 　11 　 their ideas. After class, many kids followed me and asked questions. I spent extra time 　12 　 them with their pronunciation and grammar.  （ ）10.A.answered B.asked C.rose （ ）11.A.tell B.speak C.express （ ）12.A.helping B.listening C.reading 语境实战练 asked B express C helping A 27 One afternoon, we decided to 　13 　 a sports meeting for the kids. We 　14　 the playground with colorful flags and set up game stations. The kids ran, jumped and laughed happily. At the end of the meeting, we gave small gifts to each child. Seeing their bright smiles, I felt that all the hard work was worth it.  This experience taught me the value of education and made me 　15　 how important it is to bring knowledge to those in need.  （ ）13.A.plan B.hold C.set （ ）14.A.filled B.covered C.decorated （ ）15.A.realize B.present C.offer 语境实战练 hold B decorated C realize A 28 Ⅲ.(2025威海改编)语法填空 　　About 2,500 years ago, there was a big battle near the town of Marathon in Greece (希腊). Greece won the battle and the Greek soldier(士兵) Pheidippides ran from Marathon to Athens 1.　　　　(tell) their victory. This was about forty kilometers long. When he arrived in Athens, he shouted, “We have 2.　　(win)!” and then immediately died!  语境实战练 to tell won 29 When the first modern Olympic Games started in Greece in 1896, they 3.　　 　　(celebrate) the legend of Pheidippides with a race 4.　　　　 Marathon Bridge to the Olympic Stadium in Athens. They called this race a marathon. Seventeen competitors took part, 5.　　　　 only eight finished the race. In 1908, the Olympic Games were in London. The marathon was 42.195 kilometers long, and 6.　　　　 few years later, this became the official length(官方长度).  语境实战练 celebrated from but a 30 There 7.　　　　(be) thousands of marathons in different countries every year. People run marathons because they like taking part in competitions, or 8.　　　　(simple) because they love running. Once in Greenland, there was a marathon on ice. And an English-man once walked a marathon underwater in Loch Ness, Scotland. It 9.　　　　(take) him twelve days!  语境实战练 are simply took 31 According to the latest notice from the government, a marathon will 10.　　　　(hold) next month. This time, the event will include a full marathon, a half marathon and a fun run. The government plans to interest 20,000 11.　　　　(run) in taking part in it.  语境实战练 be held runners 32 $