上海市育才中学2025-2026学年高二上学期期末英语试卷

2025学年第一学期高二英语期末诊断试卷 2026.1 (本试卷满分115分考试时间105分钟) I.Grammar and Vocsbuinry (20') Section A Dircctions:Afer reading the possage below.fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word fill in each blonk with the proper form of the given word:for the other blanks.use one word that best fits each blank Scicncc journals ban listing of ChatGPT as co-author on papers The publishers of thousands of scientific joumals have banned or restricted contributors'use of an advanced Al-driven chatbot amid the concerns (1) it could pepper academic literature with flawed and cven fabricated research. ChatGPT,a fluent but flaky chatbot devcloped by OpenAl in Califomia,has impressed or distressed more than a million human users by rattling out poems,short stories,cssays and even personal advice since its launch in November. (2) the chatbot has proved a buge source of fun---its take on how to free a peanut butter sandwich from a VCR,in the style of the King Jares Bible,is one notable bit---the program can also produce fake scientific abstracts that are convincing enough to fool human reviewers. ChatGPT's more legal uses in article preparation have already led to it(3) (credit) as a co-author on a handful of papers. The sudden arrival of ChatGPT has promoted a scramble published to respond On Thursday, Holden Thorp,the editor-in-chief of the leading US journal Science,announced an updated editorial policy,banning the use of text from ChatGPT and clarifying that the program could not be listed as an author. "Given the craze that has built up around this,it's a good idea to make (4) absolutely clear that we will not permit ChatGPT to be an author or to have its text (5) (use)in papers,"Thorp said. Leading scientific journals require authors to sign a form(6) (declare)that they are accountable(7) their contribution to the work.Since ChatGPT cannoi do this.it cannot be an author,Thorp says. But even using ChatGPT in the preparation of a paper is problematic,he believes.ChatGPT makes plenty of errors,which could find their way into the literature,he says,and if scientists come (8) (rely)on Al programs to prepare literature reviews or summarize their findings,the proper context of the work and the deep inspection that results deserve could be lost. "That is the opposite direction of where we need to go,"he said. Other publishers have made similar changes.On Tuesday.Springer-Nature,which publishes nearly 3.000 joumals,updated its guidelines to state that ChatGPT cannot be listed as an author. 扫描全能王创建 可织 But the publisher has not banned ChatGPT outright.The ool,and others like it.can still be used in the preparation of papers.if full delails(9) (reveal)in the manuscript. Elsevier,which publishes about 2.800 joumals,including Cell and the Lancel,has taken a similar stancc to Springer-Nature,(10) guidelincs allow the use of Al tools to improve the readability and language of the research aricle,but not to replace key tasks that should be douc by the authors,such as interpreting data or drawing scientific conclusions. Section B Directions:Complete the following sentences by using the words in the hor.Each word can only be used oncc.Note that there is one word more than you need. A.actions B.choosing C.cxercising D.grounded E.intentional F.modest G.passengers H.predictive 1.separating J.thoughts K.weighing Free Will Under the Scanner One night,while lying awake,I found myself turning over different ways to begin an essay.I imagined sentence after sentence,11 how each might flow into the next.All the while. nezrons (were quictly firing in my brain.That neural activity helps explain why I had those12-but does it also mean I had no choice in the matter? Some scientists believe so.A number of influential studies suggest that our brains launch 13 before we arc aware of making a decision.In the 1980s,Benjamin Libet found that electrical signals in the brain-so-called readiness potentials -appear before people report choosing to move.More recent studies have found similar results.sometimes detecting 14 brain activity several seconds in advance. These findings have led some researchers to conclude that free will doesn't exist-that the brain.not the mind,determines what we do.Neuroscientist John-Dylan Haynes,for instance,has argued that our decisions are"predetermined,"and that the brain is'making the decision before the person."Philosopher and biologist Jerry Coyne goes further,claiming that none of our choices result from 15 reflection at all. But do these experiments really show that we are mere 16.watching decisions unfold from the backseat?Not quite.The tasks involved in these studies,like 17 between two buttons,are siraple.They do not reflect the kind of thoughtful planning we engage in every day.Moreover,the power of early brain signals is 18 at best.In many cases,it's only sligh!ly more accurate than a coin flip(抛硬币)】 Other research shows that conscious thought does matter.Forming specific intentions, reflecting on goals,and 19 self-control can significantly influence our actions.These processes,though 20 in the brain,are central to what we understand as free will. II.Reading Comprehension (45') Section A (15') Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A.B. :tD.Fili in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. 扫描全能王创建 可只 Information literacy seems to be a unquc phnise for our tine.It is imporant in all aspects of life to achicve personal.social.workplacc and cducational gools.Last month.a leading test providing company 21 that it had created one to measure students'ability to 22 online material.That suggested an official recognition that the millions of dollars spent to supply online access to our students is of 23 use unless students know how to find out useful information from the ocean of 24on the Web. Clearly,"computer skills"are not enough.Students are never 25 while surfing the Internet.They trust everything online.That trusting 26 is partly a legacy of the print age.If we tend to believe things we read in the library books.it is because they have been 27 first by a publisher.who decided they were worth printing.and then by the librarian who acquired them or the professor who requested their 28.The Web,however,enjoys no such 29. But.there is a paradox()in the way people think of the Web.Everyone is aware that bad information is everywhere online.but most people feel 30 that they can sort the good from the bad.In a survey 31 by the Pew Project on the Intermet and American Life,87 percent of search-engine users said they found what they were looking for all or most of the time. That level of confidence may not be 32,particularly when a search for information requires judging a Web site's33.According to the Pew survey,only 38 percent of search-engine users were aware of the difference between.unpaid and 34 search results, and only 18 percent could tell which is which.People tend to judge the credit of a Web site by its appearance,35 by checking who put it up and why. 21.A.promised B.announccd C.provided D.reminded 22.A.develop B.improve C.endure D.evaluate 23.A.great B.full C.little D.low 24.A.charm B.search C.device D.rubbish 25.A.alert B.exhausted C.misunderstood D.considerable 26.A.nature B.sample C.skill D.site 27.A.publicized B.screened C.declined D.maintained 28.A.interaction B.technique C.purchase D.authority 29.A.growth B.process C.challenges D.accusation 30.A.confused B.incapable C.negative D.confident 3!.A.interviewed B.concealed C.relied D.released 32.A.justified B.frustrated C.imposed D.devoted 33.A.design B.profit C.credit D.allowance 34.A.launched B.sponsored C.rejected D.volunteered 35.A.apart from B.in particular C.rather than D.as well as Section B (22') Directions:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished sratements.For each of them there are four cholces marked A.B.C.and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the informotlon glven in the passage you have just read. ▣ 扫描全能王创建 (A) Every April I am troubled by the same concem-that spring might not occur this year.The landscape looks dull.with hills,sky and forest appcaring gray.My spirits cbh.as they did during an April snowfall when I first camc to Maine I5 years ago."Just wait,"a neighbor advised."You'll wake up onc morning and spring will just be here." And look,on May 3 that yer I awoke to a green so amazing as to be almost clectric,as if spring were simply a mattcr of flipping a switch.Hills,sky and forest revealed their purples,blues and green.Lcaves had unfolded and daffodils were fighting their way heavenward. Then there was the old apple tree.It sits on an undeveloped lot in my ncighborhood.It belongs to no one and therefore to everyone.The tree's dark twisted branches stretch out in unpruncd(未经修y的)abandon..Each spring it blossoms so freely that the air becomes filled with the scent of apple. Until last year,I thought I was the only one aware of this trec.And then onc day.in a bit of spring madness,i set out with pruner to remove a few disorderly branches.No sooner had I arrived under the trec than neighbors opened their windows and stepped onto their porches. These were people I barely knew and seldom spoke to.but it was as if I had come uninvited into their personal gardens. My mobile-home neighbor was the first to speak."You're not cutting it down,are you?"she asked anxiously.Another neighbor frowned as I cut off a branch."Don't kill it,now,"he warned. Soon half the neighborhood had joined me under the apple tree.It struck me that I had lived there for fivc years and only now was learning these people's names.what they did for a living and how they passed the winter.It was as if the old apple tree was gathering us under its branches for the purpose of both acquaintanceship and shared wonder.I couldn't help recalling Robert Frost's words: The trees that have it in thelr pent-up buds To darken nature and be summer woods One thaw led to another.Just the other day I saw one of my neighbors at the local store.He remarked how this recent winter had been especially long and complained of not having seen or spoken at length to anyone in our neighborhood.And then.he looked at me and said."We need to prune that applc tree again." 36.By saying that"my spirits ebb"(Para.I),the author means thar A.he feels relieved B.he feels blue C.he is surprised D.he is tired 37.The apple tree mentioned in the passage is most likely to A.be regarded as a delight in the neighborhood B.have been abandoned by its original owner C.have been neglected by everyone in the community D.be appealing only to the author 38.In Para.4,"neighbors opened their windows and stepped onto their porches"probably because A.they were surprised that someone unknown was pruning the tree B.they wanted to prevent the author from pruning the tree C.they were concemed about the safety of the tree heywanted to get to know the author 扫描全能王创建 百 39.Jt can be inferred that the author's ncighbor mentioned in the last paragraph most cared about A.when spring would arrive B.how to pass the long winter C.the ncighborhood gathering D.the pruming of the apple trec (B) Tech-Camp No.6 Devon Road,Kowloon Tong.Hong Kong A tecbnology day camp for students 12-17 About About Tech-Camp Tech-Camp is a day camp with a focus oo computers and electronics technology.We offer 2-week summer programmes for stdents of 12 to 17 years of age.We have a computer lab with the latest and fastest cquipmenL an clectro Isb.d a video productioo studio.Our staff are special.too. Our propramme leaders ar experts ia computers and clctrooics.of coursc,but they are also pcople who carc about children and cnjoy working with th.em The bencfits of Tccb-Ca▣p In all of our programmcs.we thow dents bow to work in tcams and how to solvc problems by themsclvc:.We encouract thca to thirk creavely. What studcnts wlll do I Tecb-Camp Eoch day Tech-camp fcd with cl ntermg and challenging activities.For cxample.in the Computer P'rogammc.i e t bauc computer proyramming.and how to usc the Intcmcl.In the llgh-tcchradio-concrolled model cars and produce their own short vidco: Prograuc S11 Scation 2 Session 3 Computer I5 Junc-26 Junc I5 Junc-26 June 15 June-26 Junc Progtanime High-tcch 29 June-10 July 27 July-7 August 15 Junc-26 June Programmc Fcc.HK S2.000 per student (1 discoant available for groups of 10 or more students.) For more information about Tech-Camp.please contact Dircctor of Summer Programmes,Ms. Julia Brown.by phone,fax or c-mail. Telcphone:26548898 Fac26948850 Email:juliab@techcamp.com.hk 40.What would you probably like to ask about if you phone Ms.Julia Brown after reading the brochure? A.The activities the students will have. B.The fee each attendant should pay. C.The e-mail address of Tech-Camp. D.The deadline for application. 41.From the brochure we can infer that A.the Camp offers students accommodation during their two-week stay at the Camp B higb school teachers are in charge of the Tech-Camp all the time 、 扫描全能王创建 C.students at Tech-Camp benefit from the knowledge about the hi-tech through lectures given by the experts D.students will learn how to work with their friends and how to think and solve problems creatively through activities 42.If Mrs.Newman's two sons and another ten classmates of theirs form a group to sign up for the camp,how much can Mrs.Newman save? A.HK $200 B.HK $400 C.HK$3600 D.HK $2400 (C) While fossil fuels-coal,oil,gas-still generate roughly 85 percent of the world's energy supply,it's cleaner than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar. The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world:they now account for more than half of new power sources going on line. Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources.But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables, especially wind and solar.The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years. In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.In Scotland, for example,wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes.While the rest of the world takes the lead,notably China and Europe,the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift.In March,for the first time,wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US,reported the US Energy Information Administration. President Trump has underlined fossil fuels-especially coal-as the path to economic growth.In a recent speech in lowa,he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source.But that message did not play well with many in lowa,where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state's electricity generation-and where tech giants such as Facebook, Microsoft,and Google are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers. The question "what happens when the wind doesn't blow or the sun doesn't shine?"has provided a quick put-down for skeptics.But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely. The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers,who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles.Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now,this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years. While there's a long way togo,the train lines for renewables are spiking.The pace of change in energy soures appears tobe speeding up-perhaps just in time to havea meaningful ffect in slowing climate change.What Washington does,or doesn't do-to promote altemative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought. 43.According to Paragraph 3,the use of renewable energy in America A.is progressing notably B.is as extensive as in Europe C.faces many challenges D.has proved to be impractical 6 扫描全能王创建 44.It can be learned that in lowa. A.there is a shortage of clean energy supply B.wind energy has replaced fossil fuels C.tech giants are investing in clean energy D.wind is a widely uscd energy source 45.Which of the following is truc about clcan cnergy according to paragraphs 5&6? A.Its application has helped boost battery storage. B.It is commonly used in car manufacturing. C.Its continuous supply might bccome a reality D.Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult. 46.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy A.will bring the US closer to other countries. B.will accelerate global environmental change. C.is not really encouraged by the US government. D.is not competitive enough with regard to its cost. Section C (8') Directions:Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need A.Choose a job you love,or you will regret all your life. B.Others define it more as finding their life's"calling". C.But they have a deep sense of caring about their mission. D.This then causes an increase in unhappiness or"bumnout"at work. E.You can still be successful,and you can still find happiness without it. F.But,is passion really the most important key to success? A large body of evidence-based career advice says employees who are passionate about what they do will be both happier and more productive at work.Their passion comes from caring deeply about what they do or where they work and being personally invested in and motivated by its mission. 47 What about the large percentage of people who don't absolutely love their current job-are they doomed to a life of failure and misery?And,further,must you sustain this passion in every role and at each point in your career? In fact,as one peer-reviewed study titled "On the Role of Passion for Work in Burnout" found,passion can sometimes even be a negative indicator for success or job satisfaction,not to mention the work/life balance everyone seems to be chasing after.The authors found that "obsessivc passion"for one's work can lead to an increase in conflict between work and other life activities because the person cannot let go of the work activity.48 But.on the other hand,not having passion doesn't mean you don't care about your job or don't bave other factors motivating you to do"great"work and advance in your career.And,not everyone defines passion in the same sense.Some people think having passion for their career means simply liking the job.49Ask 20 people what it means to bave a passion for 7 扫描全能王创建 可 their carccr.and you'll likely get 20 somewhat different responses. The good news is that you will still be fine if you secm satisfied with your career path but are not passionate about your job.Passion.it seems.is optional. 50 What a relicf II.Summary writing (10') Dircctions:Read the following passage.Summorize in no more than 60 words the main idea and thc moin poini(s)of the passagc.Use your own words as for as possible 51 California condors are North America's largest birds,with wing-length of up to 3 meters.In the 1980s,clectrical lines and lead poisoning nearly drove them to dying out.Now.clectric shock taining and medical treatment arc helping to rescue these big birds. Elecctrical lines have been killing them off."As they go in to rest for the night,they just don't sec the power lines."says Bruce Rideout of San Dicgo Zoo.Their wings can bridge the gap between lincs.resulting in electrocution (if they touch two lines at once.So scientists have come up with a shocking idca.Tall poles,placed in large training areas.teach the birds to stay clear of clectrical lines by giving them a painful but not deadly electric shock.Before the training was introduced.66%of set-freed condors died of electrocution.This has now dropped to 18%. Lead poisoning has proved more difficult to deal with.When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead,they absorb large quantities of lead.This affects their nervous systems and ability to produce baby birds,and can lead to kidncy failures and death.So condors with high levels of lead are sent to Los Angeles Zoo.where they are treated with calcium EDTA.a chemical that removes lead from the blood over several days.This work is starting to pay off.The annual death rate for adult condors has dropped from 38%in 2000 to 5.4%in 2011. Rideour's team thinks that the California condors'average survival time in the wild is now just under eight years."Although these measures are not effective forever.they are vital for now," he says."They are truly good birds that are worth every effort we put into recovering them." IV.Translation (15') Directions:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets. 52.尽管任务艰巨，这些科研人员仍选择迎难而上，攻克技术难关。(is) 53.持续接触不同的文化有助于我们开阔眼界，加深对这个世界的理解。(exposure) 54.如今人们担心的不再是如何填饱肚子，而是如何防止发胖。(concern) 55.这款新开发的机器人配备了能与人进行实时对话的语音系统以及可感知他人情绪的感 应转凰，给在场的观众留下了深刻的印象，(which) V.Guided Writing (25') Dlrections:Write an English compositlon in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 56.学较规定止学生带手机进入课堂，对于这项规定，你是支持还是反对呢？请以此写 一篇短文，你的内容必须包括： 1.你对此项规定的看法（选抒“支持该规定”或是“反对该规定”）： 2.结合实例谈谈你的理由。 扫描全能王创建 可表