Unit 4 知识点 -2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级下册

该初中英语单元复习讲义按Welcome、Reading、Grammar、Integration模块系统梳理知识，通过对比表格（如either/as well/too/also辨析）、例句解析（如make up的“编造”“组成”用法）及真题链接呈现词汇、短语、语法要点，构建清晰知识脉络，突出重难点内在联系。 讲义亮点在于“真题情境化练习”设计，如南通中考“Gulliver in Lilliput”书评选择题、宿迁中考advise用法题，结合例句解析培养语言运用和逻辑思维素养。每个要点配固定搭配（如have difficulty doing sth）和易错提醒，基础学生可掌握基础用法，优秀学生通过拓展真题深化理解，助力学生自主复习，也为教师实施精准分层教学提供支持。

Unit4 Welcome 课文要点全解 1 The story and characters are made up. 故事和角色是编造的。 make up ①创作，编写；编造 为“动词+副词”型短语，名词作宾语时位于 up 前后都可；人称代词作宾语时只能位于 make与 up之间。 He made up a story, so we didn't believe it.他编了一个故事，所以我们并不相信它。 I told the kids a story, making it up as I went along.我给孩子们讲了个故事，是现编的。 ②组成，构成 Twelve doctors made up a medical team. 12名医生组成了一个医疗团队。 拓展 be made up of由······组成 Our class is made up of 24 girls and 21 boys. 我们班由24个女生和21个男生组成。 2 Are you reading anything good at the moment, Daniel?丹尼尔，你目前在读什么好书吗？ read ①〔及物动词〕读；阅读 I usually read storybooks after dinner. 我通常晚饭后读故事书。 ②〔不及物动词〕阅读；朗读；读书 Listen！ He is reading.听！他正在读书。 ③〔名词〕读物，书(或文章等) a good read 好的读物 3 You must check it out！你一定要看看！ check out 为“动词+副词”结构，人称代词作其宾语时只能放在 check与 out之间。 ①察看，看一看 Check out the prices at our new store！ 看一看我们新商店的价格吧！ —— Excuse me, I wonder if the plane can land on time.打扰一下，我想知道这班飞机是否能准时降落。 —— Wait a minute, please. Let me check it out.请稍等，我查一下。 ②〔从图书馆等〕借出 The library allows you to check out six books at a time. 图书馆允许每次借六本书。 Reading 课文要点全解 1 My arms, legs and hair were tied to the ground！我的胳膊、腿和头发都被绑在了地上！tie ①〔及物动词〕捆，绑，系，拴；打结 现在分词为 tying。 tie… to…把……系/拴到……上 The old man tied the horse to a tree. 那位老人把马拴到了一棵树上。 I tied a knot in the rope. 我在绳子上打了个结。 ②〔可数名词〕领带 He is wearing a blue tie.他打着一条蓝领带。 (扬州广陵区期中)用所给单词的适当形式填空。 Look！ The man in a hat is a dog with a rope.(tie) 解析 我们可用“关键信息法”解答此题由关键信息“Look！”可知，时态为现在进行时，应用动词 tie 的现在分词形式 tying。 答案 tying 2 I shouted at them—— the loud noise made some of them fall over.我朝他们大喊——巨大的声响让他们中的一些人摔倒了。 fall over 摔倒 He fell over when he was skating. 他溜冰的时候摔倒了。 拓展①fall off(从······上)摔下 The boy fell off the tree yesterday. 昨天这个男孩从树上摔了下来。 ②fall down摔倒;落下;倒塌 My mother fell down from her bike just now. 我的母亲刚才从她的自行车上摔了下来。 3However, they soon got up again and continued moving across my body.然而,他们很快又站起来，继续在我身上爬动。 continue〔动词〕继续 后可接名词、代词、动词不定式或动词-ing形式。 continue doing/ to do sth继续做某事。 I felt too sick to continue. 我感觉很难受，无法继续下去了。 Mike continued reading/ to read the novel. 迈克继续读那本小说。 4 I did not know what to say either. 我也不知道该说什么。 辨析: either, as well, too 与 also 也否定句号，也可不加 either 通常用于 放于句末，其前通常加逗 as well也；还 常用于句末，其前无逗号 too也 通常用于 一般放于句末，其前通常加肯定句 逗号，也可不加 also也 位于助动词、情态动词或连系动词 be之后，行为动词之前 If he doesn't go, I won't go, either. 如果他不去，我也不去。 He speaks English, and he knows French as well.他说英语，也懂法语。 Jim likes red. I like red, too. 吉姆喜欢红色，我也喜欢红色。 They also agree with me.他们也同意我的意见。 拓展 Me either.表示“我也不”。 ——I don't like swimming.我不喜欢游泳。 —— Me either.我也不喜欢。 5 I tried to pull one hand out of the ropes and finally managed to break free.我试着把一只手从绳子中抽出，最后成功挣脱了。 (1) pull ①〔及物动词〕抽出 He pulled a pen from his bag. 他从包里抽出一支钢笔。 ②〔动词〕拉，拖 反义词为 push,意为“推”。 Please pull the door. Don't push it. 请拉门，不要推门。 (2) break free 逃脱,挣脱 He finally managed to break free from his attacker.他终于设法摆脱了袭击他的人。 These animals broke free from their ropes. 这些动物从捆住它们的绳索中挣脱了出来。 拓展 set… free放走…… The kind man set the little rabbit free. 那个善良的男人放走了那只小兔子。 6 I looked down and saw a huge army of tiny people.我低头一看,看到一大批小人。army〔名词〕 ①大批，大群 an army of…一大群…… An army of ants are busy carrying things.一大群蚂蚁在忙着搬运东西。 ②陆军部队；陆军 Her husband has been in the army for five years，她的丈夫已在陆军服役5年了。 7 They were coming straight towards me.他们正径直朝我走来。 straight ①〔副词〕径直；笔直地 Go straight down the road and then turn left.沿着这条路一直向前走，然后左转。 ②〔形容词〕直的 在句中作表语或定语。 The road is very straight. 这条路很直。(作表语) Please draw a straight line. 请画一条直线。(作定语) Grammar 课文要点全解 1 Amy does not know how to write the book review.埃米不知道如何写书评。 review ①〔可数名词〕评论 指报纸、杂志等上的对书籍、电影、戏剧等的评论文章。 a review of... 对······的评论 Please read the review of her book.请读一下对她的书的评论。 ②〔不可数名词〕评论 指评论这一活动。 We sent the book to the press for review. 我们把这本书送到出版社供评论。 (南通中考) 真题链接 —— Have you decided what to write about Gulliver in Lilliput in the report? ——I'm not sure. Maybe I need to read some about it before writing. A. reasons B. rewards C. results D. reviews 解析 我们可用“语境分析法”解答此题。reason“理由”; reward“报酬”; result“结果”;review“评论”。由上文“对于《格列佛在小人国》你决定在报告中写什么了吗?”和答语第一句“我不确定”可推知，空格所在句表示“或许我需要在写之前读一些关于它的评论”。 答案 D 2They are discussing which book to read next.他们正在讨论接下来读哪本书。 discuss〔及物动词〕讨论,谈论,商量 ①不直接跟动词不定式作宾语，但可跟“疑问词+动词不定式”结构或疑问词引导的从句。 They are discussing how to do it. 他们正在讨论怎样做这件事。 ②discuss sth with sb 和某人讨论某事 You needn't discuss this matter with me. 你不必和我讨论这件事。 拓展 discuss的名词形式为 discussion (讨论)。 discuss sth with sb 相当于 have a discussion with sb about sth。 Let's discuss our weekend plan with our parents.= Let's have a discussion with our parents about our weekend plan. 让我们和我们的父母讨论一下周末计划吧。 3 Mr Wu advised us which to choose first.吴老师建议我们先选哪本。 advise〔动词〕提出建议 用作及物动词时，后面常跟名词(短语)、代词、动词-ing形式或宾语从句等作宾语。 advise sb(not) to do sth建议某人(不)做某事advise doing sth建议做某事 She advised us to start early. 她建议我们早点出发。 The doctor advised(taking)a week's rest. 医生建议休息一周。 (宿迁中考)真题链接 ——— Miss Li, can you tell me how to improve my writing skills? —— Certainly. I advise you a diary in English every day. A. to keep B. keeping C. Kept D. keep 解析 我们可用“固定搭配法”解答此题。advise sb to do sth意为“建议某人做某事”,为固定搭配。句意：“李老师，你能告诉我怎样提高写作技能吗?”“当然可以。我建议你每天用英语写日记。” 答案 A 4The students asked their teacher when to hand in their book reviews.学生们问老师什么时候上交书评。 hand in 提交,呈交,上交 为“动词+副词”结构，若名词作宾语，放在hand与 in 之间或 in 之后都可以；若代词作宾语,应放在 hand与 in之间。 Tom has handed in his report.汤姆上交报告了。 I' ve finished my homework. I must hand it in.我完成家庭作业了。我必须把它交上。 拓展 hand out分发 The teacher is handing out our English papers.老师正在分发我们的英语试卷。 (连云港中考)真题链接 根据所给汉语和句子意思，用英语补全句子。 Jim, check your homework before you (上交它). 解析 hand in“上交”；若代词作其宾语应放在 hand与 in之间,故“上交它”应用 hand it in 表达。 答案 hand it in 5 I have to give a short summary of the book, but I mustn't give away the ending.我必须对这本书作一个简短的总结，但我绝不能透露结局。 (1) give away 是“动词+副词”结构,宾语是人称代词时，要将人称代词放在 give与away之间。宾语若为名词，名词可放在away前,也可放在 away后。 ①泄露，暴露 give away a secret泄露秘密 Don't worry. I won't give you away. 别担心，我不会出卖你的。 ②赠送；捐赠 They often give away books to a children's home.他们经常给儿童之家捐书。 (2) ending〔名词〕 ①结尾，结局 His stories usually have a happy ending. 他的故事通常有一个美满的结局。 ②结束；终结；最后部分 It was the perfect ending to the perfect day.那是美好一天的圆满结束。 拓展 end〔名词〕(时间、活动等的)最后部分，末尾 〔动词〕结束 6 First of all, you must remember that books in the library are for everyone, so please make sure you take care of them.首先，你们一定要记住，图书馆里的书是供所有人使用的，所以请务必爱护它们。 first of all 第一,首先 用来说明事物的排列顺序，常放在句首作状语，后面用逗号与句子的其他部分隔开，用来强调首要的事情或动作。 First of all, you must keep your cool. 首先，你必须保持冷静。 Integration 课文要点全解 1 Many of the British publishing houses were unwilling to publish the first book. 许多英国出版社都不愿出版第一本书。 unwilling〔形容词〕不愿意的 不用于名词前。 be unwilling to do sth 不愿意做某事 The cat is unwilling to go outside in the rain. 那只猫不愿意在雨天出门。 拓展 willing〔形容词〕愿意的 不用于名词前。 I'm perfectly willing to discuss the problem. 我十分乐意讨论这个问题。 2 sales up to 600 million copies in over 200countries and areas 在超过200个国家和地区的销量高达6亿册 (1) sales〔名词复数〕销售量 sales of ⋯⋯的销售量 in sales 在销量上 Sales of cars are up this year. 小汽车销量今年增加了。 We have got more than $50,000 in sales so far. 到目前为止，我们已获得超过50 000 美元的销售额。 拓展 sale〔名词〕出售，销售；廉价出售 for sale 待售 on sale 出售；减价出售 (2) copy ①〔可数名词〕一本(份，册)；复制品 用作复数时表示同一种书的许多册，而不是许多种不同的书。 He is reading a copy of the daily newspaper.他正在看一份日报。 ②〔动词〕复制；抄写 Could you copy this letter and send it out,please?请你把这封信复印一份发出去好吗？ I copied the phone number into my address book.我把电话号码抄写在自己的通讯录上。 3. It is usually difficult to know which book to read, especially if you have so many great books to choose from.通常很难知道该读哪本书，尤其是当你有这么多好书可供选择时。 especially〔副词〕尤其，特别 修饰动词、形容词或整个句子；其形容词形式为 especial，意为“特别的，特殊的”。 I am especially busy on weekends. 我周末特别忙。 He likes all subjects, especially maths. 他喜欢所有的学科，尤其是数学。 (常州中考)真题链接 The summer vacation is coming. Don't swim in the lake, when you are alone. A. probably B. possibly C. especially D. exactly 解析 我们可用“句意分析法”解答此题。probably“可能”; possibly“大概,可能”; especially“尤其”; exactly“确切地”。结合句意“暑假到了，不要在湖里游泳， 当你一个人的时候”可知，应选C。 答案C 4And they may have difficulty getting the book published because publishers cannot say for sure if the book will be successful or not.而且他们可能在出版书籍时遇到困难，因为出版商无法确定这本书是否会成功。 difficulty ①〔不可数名词〕 困难 表示抽象意义上的“困难”。 have difficulty(in) doing sth 做某事有困难 with difficulty费劲地 in difficulty处于困境中 I had great difficulty(in) finishing the task.完成这项任务我遇到了很大困难。 ②〔可数名词〕困难；难题；难事 其形容词形式为 difficult，意为“困难的”。 He met with many difficulties when travelling.他在旅行中遇到了许多困难。 (淮安期中) 真题链接 用所给单词的适当形式填空。 You can go to her when you are having difficulty (make)a decision. 解析 have difficulty(in) doing sth 意为“做某事有困难”，为固定用法。句意：你难以作决定时，可以去找她。答案 making 5 Excuse me, Mrs Li, could you tell me where to find the Harry Potter series?打扰一下，李老师，您能告诉我在哪里可以找到“哈利·波特”系列吗? excuse me 劳驾，请原谅 是在打扰他人之前的客套话，以示礼貌和歉意，主要用于： ①询问情况，引起别人的注意，如问路、问姓名等。 Excuse me, are you Mr Smith? 请问，你是史密斯先生吗? ②征求别人的许可，向对方提出请求。 Excuse me. Could you help me, please? 打扰一下。请你帮我一下，可以吗? ③打扰他人，打断别人的讲话或正在做的事。 Excuse me！ I want to wash my hands. 对不起！我想要洗手。 6 What words would you use to describe them?你会用哪些词来描述他们? describe〔及物动词〕描述 后接名词、代词、动词-ing形式或疑问词引导的从句作宾语。 describe sb/sth to sb 向某人描述某人/某事物Can you describe your family? 你能描述一下你的家庭情况吗? If you have time, you can describe the football match to the children.你如果有时间，可以给孩子们描述足球比赛的情况。 拓展 description〔名词〕描述 the description of的描述 Will you please give me the description of the picture?请你给我描述一下这幅画好吗? 7 My opinion 我的看法 opinion〔名词〕看法，想法 in one's opinion 依……看 Students have different opinions about doing house-work.关于做家务，学生们有不同的看法。 In my opinion, you should communicate better with your parents.在我看来，你应该更好地和你父母沟通一下。 8 He is fun-loving and brave, though he often gets into trouble.他喜爱玩乐且很勇敢，尽管他经常惹麻烦。 though〔连词〕尽管though可引导让步状语从句，与 although用法相同。 Though/Although it was raining, we went there. 虽然下着雨，但我们还是去了那儿。 (徐州中考)真题链接 Dad sometimes goes to the supermarket with us he hates going shopping. A. Because B. so C. though D. if 解析 我们可用“句意分析法”解答此题。由句意“爸爸有时会和我们一起去超市， 他讨厌购物”可知，应用 though引导让步状语从句。 答案 C 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $