内容正文:
译林英语七上Unit5语法讲解及习题:可数名词与不可数名词
一、语法核心精讲
(一)可数名词(Countable nouns)
指可以数出具体数量的人/事物,有单复数形式。
1. 单数形式用法
单数可数名词前需加冠词a/an:
以辅音音素开头的名词前用a(如:a banana);
以元音音素开头的名词前用an(如:an orange;注意:an hour/a unit,需根据发音判断)。
2. 复数形式变化规则
规则类型
变化方式
示例
一般名词
直接加s
cake → cakes
以“辅音+y”结尾的名词
变y为i,加ies
story → stories
以s/sh/ch/x结尾的名词
加es
bus → buses;match → matches
以o结尾的名词
有生命加es,无生命加s
potato → potatoes;photo → photos
以f/fe结尾的名词
变f/fe为ves
half → halves;life → lives
特殊变化
固定形式
man → men;sheep → sheep
(二)不可数名词(Uncountable nouns)
指无法数出具体数量的事物(多为液体、抽象概念、物质名词),无单复数形式,需借助“量词短语”表示数量。
1. 常见不可数名词类型
食物类:rice, meat, cheese, soup, salt;
饮品类:water, tea, milk, juice;
抽象类:time, money, news。
2. 数量表达:量词短语
结构:“数词 + 量词 + of + 不可数名词”(量词需根据名词类型变化),如:
a piece of cheese(一块奶酪);
two bags of rice(两袋大米);
five cartons of milk(五盒牛奶)。
(三)核心区分规则
规则
可数名词
不可数名词
能否直接加数词
能(如:two apples)
不能(需加量词,如:a glass of water)
能否加a/an
单数形式能
不能
有无复数形式
有
无
二、练习题
(一)基础题:可数/不可数名词判断(12题)
判断下列名词是“可数名词(C)”还是“不可数名词(U)”:
1. apple → __________
2. water → __________
3. cake → __________
4. rice → __________
5. story → __________
6. meat → __________
7. bus → __________
8. tea → __________
9. potato → __________
10. cheese → __________
11. child → __________
12. news → __________
(二)进阶题:可数名词复数变化(15题)
写出下列可数名词的复数形式:
1. banana → __________
2. story → __________
3. bus → __________
4. photo → __________
5. half → __________
6. man → __________
7. carrot → __________
8. wish → __________
9. tomato → __________
10. life → __________
11. woman → __________
12. match → __________
13. box → __________
14. foot → __________
15. sheep → __________
(三)提升题:量词短语搭配(10题)
为下列不可数名词搭配合适的量词短语(用“数词+量词+of”):
1. ______________________________ water(一杯)
2. ______________________________ rice(两袋)
3. ______________________________ soup(一碗)
4. ______________________________ meat(三公斤)
5. ______________________________ tea(四杯)
6. ______________________________ cheese(一块)
7. ______________________________ milk(五盒)
8. ______________________________ juice(六瓶)
9. ______________________________ salt(一包)
10. ______________________________ news(一条)
(四)综合题:语法填空(20题)
用可数名词复数或不可数量词短语填空:
1. I want two __________ (apple) and a __________ (glass) of water.
2. There are five __________ (story) in this book.
3. We need three __________ (bag) of __________ (rice) for the party.
4. She bought four __________ (potato) and a __________ (piece) of cheese.
5. There are six __________ (bus) at the station.
6. He drank two __________ (cup) of __________ (tea).
7. The __________ (man) are playing football on the playground.
8. We have ten __________ (box) of __________ (salt).
9. She ate three __________ (cake) and a __________ (bowl) of soup.
10. There are seven __________ (child) in the classroom.
(五)拓展题:短文填空(1篇)
用“可数名词复数”或“不可数量词短语”填空,完成短文:
Today we have a class party. We need to prepare some food. First, we buy 10 __________ (apple) and 5 __________ (banana). Then we get 2 __________ (bag) of __________ (rice) and 3 __________ (kilo) of __________ (meat). For drinks, we need 4 __________ (bottle) of __________ (juice) and 6 __________ (carton) of __________ (milk). We also prepare some __________ (cake) and a __________ (bowl) of __________ (soup). Everyone is happy to enjoy the food!
三、答案+解析
(一)基础题答案
1. C(可数)
2. U(不可数)
3. C(可数)
4. U(不可数)
5. C(可数)
6. U(不可数)
7. C(可数)
8. U(不可数)
9. C(可数)
10. U(不可数)
11. C(可数)
12. U(不可数)
(二)进阶题答案
1. bananas(一般名词加s)
2. stories(辅音+y变i加ies)
3. buses(以s结尾加es)
4. photos(无生命o加s)
5. halves(以f结尾变ves)
6. men(特殊变化)
7. carrots(一般名词加s)
8. wishes(以sh结尾加es)
9. tomatoes(有生命o加es)
10. lives(以fe结尾变ves)
11. women(特殊变化)
12. matches(以ch结尾加es)
13. boxes(以x结尾加es)
14. feet(特殊变化)
15. sheep(特殊变化,单复数同形)
(三)提升题答案
1. a glass of
2. two bags of
3. a bowl of
4. three kilos of
5. four cups of
6. a piece of
7. five cartons of
8. six bottles of
9. a packet of
10. a piece of
(四)综合题答案
1. apples;glass(apple是可数名词,前有two用复数;water是不可数名词,用a glass of)
2. stories(story是可数名词,前有five用复数)
3. bags;rice(bag是可数名词,前有three用复数;rice是不可数名词)
4. potatoes;piece(potato是可数名词,前有four用复数;cheese是不可数名词)
5. buses(bus是可数名词,前有six用复数)
6. cups;tea(cup是可数名词,前有two用复数;tea是不可数名词)
7. men(man是可数名词,由are可知用复数)
8. boxes;salt(box是可数名词,前有ten用复数;salt是不可数名词)
9. cakes;bowl(cake是可数名词,前有three用复数;soup是不可数名词)
10. children(child是可数名词,前有seven用复数)
(五)拓展题答案
1. apples(可数名词,前有10用复数)
2. bananas(可数名词,前有5用复数)
3. bags;rice(bag是可数名词,前有2用复数;rice是不可数名词)
4. kilos;meat(kilo是可数名词,前有3用复数;meat是不可数名词)
5. bottles;juice(bottle是可数名词,前有4用复数;juice是不可数名词)
6. cartons;milk(carton是可数名词,前有6用复数;milk是不可数名词)
7. cakes(可数名词,some后用复数)
8. bowl;soup(soup是不可数名词,用a bowl of)
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