内容正文:
译林英语七上Unit3语法讲解及习题:人称代词(主格/宾格)
一、语法核心精讲
1. 人称代词定义
指代“人/事物”的代词,分主格和宾格,避免名词重复,让表达更简洁。
2. 主格(Subject form)
功能:作主语(动作发出者),位于句首。
对应形式:
单复数
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
I(我)
you(你)
he(他)/ she(她)/ it(它)
复数
we(我们)
you(你们)
they(他们/它们/她们)
例句:
She sings very well.(she作主语,指代 Lily)
It is a cute dog.(it作主语,指代狗)
3. 宾格(Object form)
功能:作宾语(动作承受者),位于及物动词(like/help/see等)或介词(to/with/for等)之后。
对应形式:
单复数
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
单数
me(我)
you(你)
him(他)/ her(她)/ it(它)
复数
us(我们)
you(你们)
them(他们/它们/她们)
例句:
My mother loves me.(me作love的宾语)
I play basketball with them.(them作with的宾语)
4. 主格vs宾格核心区分
形式
位置/功能
例句
主格
句首,动作发出者
He plays football.(he是主语)
宾格
动词/介词后,动作承受者
I know him.(him是know的宾语)
二、练习题
(一)基础题:主格/宾格形式匹配(15题)
写出下列人称对应的主格或宾格形式:
1. I(宾格)→ __________ 2. he(宾格)→ __________ 3. she(宾格)→ __________
4. we(宾格)→ __________ 5. they(宾格)→ __________ 6. me(主格)→ __________
7. him(主格)→ __________ 8. her(主格)→ __________ 9. us(主格)→ __________
10. them(主格)→ __________ 11. it(宾格)→ __________ 12. you(单数宾格)→ __________
13. you(复数主格)→ __________ 14. it(主格)→ __________ 15. they(单数对应主格)→ __________
(二)进阶题:主格填空(10题)
用括号内人称代词的主格形式填空:
1. __________ (She/Her) is my cousin. __________ (He/Him) is a student.
2. __________ (We/Us) live in Shanghai. __________ (It/Its) is a big city.
3. __________ (I/Me) like reading. __________ (They/Them) like swimming too.
4. __________ (You/Your) are a good friend. __________ (He/Him) often helps others.
5. __________ (She/Her) has a new bag. __________ (It/Its) is pink.
(三)提升题:宾格填空(12题)
用括号内人称代词的宾格形式填空:
1. My father teaches __________ (I) math. I like __________ (he) very much.
2. Can you help __________ (she) with her homework? She needs __________ (we).
3. The teacher looks after __________ (they) well. We all love __________ (she).
4. I want to give __________ (it) to __________ (he).
5. Let __________ (we) go to the park. I will take __________ (you) there.
6. She often plays games with __________ (we). We enjoy __________ (she) company.
(四)综合题:主格/宾格辨析(15题)
用括号内人称代词的正确形式填空:
1. __________ (I) am a student. My teacher likes __________ (I).
2. __________ (He) is my brother. I often play with __________ (He).
3. __________ (She) has a cat. __________ (It) is cute. I like __________ (It).
4. __________ (We) are in Class 2. Miss Wang teaches __________ (We) English.
5. __________ (They) are my classmates. I often help __________ (They) with their lessons.
6. __________ (You) are kind. Everyone likes __________ (You).
7. __________ (It) is a dog. I feed __________ (It) every day.
8. __________ (He) and __________ (She) are doctors. People respect __________ (They).
9. __________ (We) and __________ (They) are good friends. __________ (We) often visit __________ (They).
10. __________ (I) and __________ (You) can go together. __________ (We) will meet __________ (She) at the station.
(五)拓展题:短文填空(1篇)
阅读短文,用括号内人称代词的正确形式填空:
__________ (I) have a good friend. __________ (He) name is Tom. __________ (We) go to the same school. __________ (She/He) is good at English. __________ (I) often ask __________ (he) for help with English. __________ (They/We) also like playing sports. Every weekend, __________ (we) play basketball with __________ (they) friends. __________ (It) is always fun. __________ (She/He) mother often makes snacks for __________ (we). __________ (I) like __________ (she) cooking. __________ (They) are all nice people. __________ (We) are happy to be friends with __________ (they).
三、答案+解析
(一)基础题答案
1. me 2. him 3. her 4. us 5. them
6. I 7. he 8. she 9. we 10. they
11. it 12. you 13. you 14. it 15. he/she/it
(解析:主格与宾格为固定对应关系,you单复数同形,it主宾格一致)
(二)进阶题答案
1. She; He(作主语,用主格)
2. We; It(指代“我们”和“上海”,作主语用主格)
3. I; They(作主语,用主格)
4. You; He(作主语,用主格)
5. She; It(指代“她”和“包”,作主语用主格)
(三)提升题答案
1. me; him(teach和like是及物动词,后接宾格)
2. her; us(help是及物动词,need后接宾格)
3. them; her(look after是动词短语,后接宾格;love后接宾格)
4. it; him(give sth. to sb. 中,sth.和sb.均用宾格)
5. us; you(let后接宾格;take后接宾格)
6. us; her(with是介词,后接宾格;enjoy后接宾格)
(四)综合题答案
1. I; me(前作主语用主格,后作like的宾语用宾格)
2. He; him(前作主语用主格,后作with的宾语用宾格)
3. She; It; it(前两处作主语用主格,后作like的宾语用宾格)
4. We; us(前作主语用主格,后作teach的宾语用宾格)
5. They; them(前作主语用主格,后作help的宾语用宾格)
6. You; you(前作主语用主格,后作like的宾语用宾格)
7. It; it(前作主语用主格,后作feed的宾语用宾格)
8. He; she; them(前两处作主语用主格,后作respect的宾语用宾格)
9. We; they; We; them(前两处作主语用主格,后作visit的宾语用宾格)
10. I; you; We; her(前两处作主语用主格,We作主语,her作meet的宾语)
(五)拓展题答案
1. I(作主语,用主格)
2. His(此处为形容词性物主代词,补充说明,避免歧义)
3. We(作主语,用主格)
4. He(指代Tom,男性,作主语)
5. I(作主语,用主格)
6. him(作ask的宾语,用宾格)
7. We(指代“我和Tom”,作主语)
8. we(作主语,用主格)
9. their(形容词性物主代词,修饰friends)
10. It(指代“打篮球”这件事,作主语)
11. His(修饰mother,形容词性物主代词)
12. us(作for的宾语,用宾格)
13. I(作主语,用主格)
14. her(作like的宾语,用宾格)
15. They(指代Tom一家,作主语)
16. We(作主语,用主格)
17. them(作with的宾语,用宾格)
(解析:短文填空需结合语境判断人称和成分,形容词性物主代词为补充,帮助理解人称指代,核心仍围绕主格作主语、宾格作宾语的规则)
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