内容正文:
译林英语七上Unit2语法:一般现在时(II)
一、语法核心精讲
1. 定义
习惯性/经常性动作:搭配频率副词(often/usually/always/sometimes/every day等)。
例:He usually plays football after school.(频率副词放实义动词前)
客观真理/自然规律:无时间标志词,逻辑永恒。
例:Water boils at 100℃. / Light travels faster than sound.
长期稳定状态/喜好:强调当前持续的性格、爱好、身份。
例:She likes pop music. / They live in Shanghai.
2. 主语人称分类
非第三人称单数(用动词原形):I/You/We/They + 复数名词(students/books)
第三人称单数(用动词单三形式):He/She/It + 单个人名(Tom/Lily)+ 单数可数名词(a boy/the tree)+ 不可数名词(water/money)
3. 句式结构
句式
非单三主语
(I/You/We/They等)
单三主语
(He/She/It等)
关键注意点
肯定句
主语 + 动词原形 + 其他
主语 + 动词单三 + 其他
单三形式仅肯定句中变化
否定句
主语 + don't + 动词原形 + 其他
主语 + doesn't + 动词原形 + 其他
doesn't后动词必须还原
一般疑问句
Do + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
Does + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
答句助动词与问句一致
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词 + Do + 主语 + 动词原形?
特殊疑问词 + Does + 主语 + 动词原形?
疑问词放句首,单三用Does
4. 动词单三变化规则
规则类型
具体要求
正确例词
易错反例
一般情况
直接加s
play→plays;eat→eats
——
辅音+y结尾
变y为i,加es
study→studies;try→tries
play→plays(元音+y直接加s)
ch/sh/ss/x结尾
加es
watch→watches;fix→fixes
——
o结尾(有生命)
加es
go→goes;tomato→tomatoes
photo→photos(无生命加s)
特殊变化
固定形式
have→has;do→does
——
二、练习题
(一)基础题:单三形式转换(15题)
请写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式:
1. look → __________ 2. finish → __________ 3. fly → __________ 4. have → __________ 5. cry → __________
6. pass → __________ 7. enjoy → __________ 8. do → __________ 9. carry → __________ 10. box → __________
11. go → __________ 12. teach → __________ 13. wash → __________ 14. piano → __________ 15. tomato → __________
(二)进阶题:句式转换
按要求完成下列句式转换:
1. They walk to school.(改为否定句)_________________________________________________________________
2. She does her homework every evening.(改为否定句)
_________________________________________________________________
3. We like swimming.(改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
4. Tom plays football on Sundays.(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
5. They watch TV at 7 p.m.(对划线部分提问 )
_________________________________________________________________
6. Lucy goes to the park on weekends.(对划线部分提问 )
_________________________________________________________________
(三)提升题:语法填空(20题)
用括号内动词的正确形式填空:
1. My mother __________ (cook) dinner for us every day.
2. ______ (do) your brother __________ (like) playing basketball?
3. The girl __________ (not listen) to music in class.
4. — What __________ (do) your father __________ (do)?— He __________ (be) a doctor.
5. Jack __________ (have) two dogs. They __________ (run) fast.
6. The sun __________ (rise) in the east and __________ (set) in the west.
7. — __________ (do) they __________ (go) to the cinema every month? — No, they __________.
8. Lily __________ (not eat) ice cream. She thinks it's unhealthy.
9. My teacher often __________ (help) us with our lessons.
10. We __________ (not play) games on school days.
11. — How __________ Tom __________ (get) to school? — He __________ (ride) a bike.
12. The cat __________ (like) fish very much. It __________ (eat) a fish every day.
13. My grandparents __________ (live) in a small village.
14. She __________ (study) hard. She __________ (want) to be a teacher.
15. ______ (do) your sister __________ (read) books in the evening?
16. It __________ (rain) a lot in summer here.
17. They __________ (not know) the answer to the question.
18. He __________ (watch) TV after finishing his homework.
19. The children __________ (play) football in the park every Saturday.
20. She __________ (have) a new pen. It __________ (write) well.
(四)综合题:短文填空(1篇)
阅读短文,用括号内动词的正确形式填空:
My classmate Jim (1) __________ (be) from America. He (2) __________ (like) China very much. He (3) __________ (study) Chinese at school every day. His parents (4) __________ (work) in Beijing. They (5) __________ (teach) English in a middle school. Jim (6) __________ (not speak) Chinese very well, but he (7) __________ (try) his best to learn it. He often (8) __________ (talk) with us in Chinese. We often (9) __________ (help) him. Every weekend, Jim (10) __________ (go) to the Chinese Culture Center. He (11) __________ (learn) Chinese painting there. Sometimes, he (12) __________ (invite) us to go with him. We all (13) __________ (have) a good time.
三、答案解析
(一)基础题答案
1. looks(一般情况加s) 2. finishes(sh结尾加es) 3. flies(辅音+y变i加es) 4. has(特殊变化) 5. cries(辅音+y变i加es)
6. passes(ss结尾加es) 7. enjoys(元音+y直接加s) 8. does(特殊变化) 9. carries(辅音+y变i加es) 10. boxes(x结尾加es)
11. goes(o结尾有生命加es) 12. teaches(ch结尾加es) 13. washes(sh结尾加es) 14. pianos(o结尾无生命加s) 15. tomatoes(o结尾有生命加es)
(二)进阶题答案
1. They don't walk to school.(复数主语,否定用don't,动词还原)
2. She doesn't do her homework every evening.(单三主语,否定用doesn't,does还原为do)
3. Do you like swimming? No, we don't.(复数主语用Do,答句助动词一致)
4. Does Tom play football on Sundays? Yes, he does.(单三主语用Does,动词还原)
5. What do they do at 7 p.m.?(特殊疑问词+Do+主语+动词原形)
6. Where does Lucy go on weekends?(单三主语,特殊疑问句用Does,动词还原)
(三)提升题答案
1. cooks(单三,直接加s) 2. Does; like(单三用Does,动词还原) 3. doesn't listen(单三否定用doesn't)
4. does; do; is(特殊疑问词+Does,答句be动词单三用is) 5. has; run(have单三为has,复数主语用原形)
6. rises; sets(客观真理,单三形式) 7. Do; go; don't(复数主语用Do) 8. doesn't eat(单三否定)
9. helps(单三,直接加s) 10. don't play(复数否定用don't) 11. does; get; rides(单三特殊疑问句用Does)
12. likes; eats(单三,直接加s) 13. live(复数主语用原形) 14. studies; wants(辅音+y变i加es)
15. Does; read(单三用Does) 16. rains(单三,直接加s) 17. don't know(复数否定)
18. watches(ch结尾加es) 19. play(复数主语用原形) 20. has; writes(have单三为has,write直接加s)
(四)综合题答案
1. is(单三主语,be动词用is) 2. likes(单三,直接加s) 3. studies(辅音+y变i加es) 4. work(复数主语用原形)
5. teach(复数主语用原形) 6. doesn't speak(单三否定) 7. tries(辅音+y变i加es) 8. talks(单三,直接加s)
9. help(复数主语用原形) 10. goes(o结尾加es) 11. learns(单三,直接加s) 12. invites(单三,直接加s)
13. have(复数主语用原形)
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