专题12 体裁“解构” ——说明文四大篇章结构破题技巧（培优专练）（全国通用）2026年高考英语二轮复习高效培优系列

专题12 体裁“解构”——说明文四大篇章结构破题技巧 情境突破练 压轴提速练 【题型01】主旨大意题（宏观结构把握） （2026·河北·一模）A study has found that verbal abuse or hurtful words in childhood may be as damaging to long-term mental well-being as physical abuse, if not more so. This groundbreaking research highlights the need to treat verbal abuse as a serious public health issue that comes with lasting psychological consequences. Research led by Liverpool John Moores University has drawn on the data of 20,687 adults from England and Wales. In the survey, participants were asked about their exposure to physical and/or verbal abuse before the age of 18. Then current mental health markers were assessed using a mental well-being scale, which factors in optimism, relaxation, social connection and coping skills. The survey asked participants how often they felt optimistic about the future, useful and relaxed. What the researchers found was that those who experienced verbal abuse as children were 1.64 times more likely to report poor mental well-being as adults. Meanwhile, individuals exposed to physical abuse were 1.52 times more likely to have mental health problems later in life, and those who experienced both verbal and physical maltreatment were 2.15 times more likely to have negative mental health outcomes. There’s a growing body of evidence that demonstrates how verbal abuse in childhood has long- term impacts. It’s often viewed as less harmful than other forms of maltreatment. The researchers found that while physical abuse had decreased — from around 20.2% of children born in the 1970s to 10% of those born in 2000 or later — verbal abuse has increased. This study found that those who experienced this in their youth had nearly double the likelihood of social isolation. There remains an urgent need for greater measures to prevent physical abuse. Verbal abuse may not immediately manifest in ways that catch the attention of bystanders, clinicians, or others in supporting services. The researchers emphasize that this study doesn’t downplay the long- term harm of physical abuse, but it highlights the need to better consider verbal maltreatment when it comes to both child protection policies and mental health treatment in adults who have experienced this trauma. 5．What did the survey in paragraph 2 focus on? A．Adult abuse experiences. B．Social connection in childhood. C．Current physical health markers. D．Childhood abuse and adult mental health. 6．How does the author present the issue in paragraph 3? A．By presenting comparative research data. B．By introducing the study’s background. C．By explaining research methodology. D．By proposing policy solutions. 7．What change in abuse patterns did researchers note? A．Physical abuse increased since 2000. B．Verbal abuse decreased significantly. C．Verbal abuse rose while physical abuse declined. D．Both types dropped among newer generations. 8．What is the best title for the text? A．Physical abuse prevention strategies B．Verbal abuse’s lasting adult impact C．Survey methods in psychology research D．Improving childhood mental health policies 【答案】5．D 6．A 7．C 8．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕一项研究发现展开，阐述了童年时期言语虐待对成年后心理健康的长期影响，并与身体虐待进行对比，强调了关注言语虐待的必要性。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In the survey, participants were asked about their exposure to physical and/or verbal abuse before the age of 18. Then current mental health markers were assessed using a mental well-being scale, which factors in optimism, relaxation, social connection and coping skills.(在调查中，参与者被问及他们在18岁之前是否遭受过身体和/或言语虐待。然后使用心理健康量表评估当前的心理健康指标，该量表考虑了乐观、放松、社会联系和应对技能等因素)”可知，第2段的调查关注的是童年期虐待和成年后的心理健康之间的关系。故选D项。 6．推理判断题。根据第三段中“What the researchers found was that those who experienced verbal abuse as children were 1.64 times more likely to report poor mental well-being as adults. Meanwhile, individuals exposed to physical abuse were 1.52 times more likely to have mental health problems later in life, and those who experienced both verbal and physical maltreatment were 2.15 times more likely to have negative mental health outcomes.(研究人员发现，那些在童年时期遭受过言语虐待的人，成年后报告心理健康状况不佳的可能性要高出1.64倍。与此同时，遭受过身体虐待的人在以后的生活中出现心理健康问题的可能性要高出1.52倍，而同时遭受过言语和身体虐待的人出现负面心理健康结果的可能性要高出2.15倍)”可知，作者在本段通过展示对比性的研究数据来呈现问题。故选A项。 7．细节理解题。根据第四段中“The researchers found that while physical abuse had decreased — from around 20.2% of children born in the 1970s to 10% of those born in 2000 or later — verbal abuse has increased.(研究人员发现，虽然身体虐待有所减少——从20世纪70年代出生的儿童中约20.2%减少到2000年及以后出生的儿童中的10%——但言语虐待有所增加)”可知，研究人员注意到言语虐待增多而身体虐待减少这一虐待模式的变化。故选C项。 8．主旨大意题。通读全文，文章第一段“A study has found that verbal abuse or hurtful words in childhood may be as damaging to long-term mental well-being as physical abuse, if not more so. (一项研究发现，童年时期的语言虐待或伤害性话语对长期心理健康的危害，甚至可能更为严重)”开宗明义，确立了全文核心：关注童年语言虐待对成年心理健康的持久影响。随后，文章通过介绍研究数据(如第三段的风险倍数对比)和趋势变化(第四段语言虐待发生率上升)，论证了语言虐待问题的严重性和紧迫性。文章结尾也呼应了这一主题，强调需关注语言虐待带来的创伤。因此，B项“Verbal abuse’s lasting adult impact (语言虐待对成年人的持久影响)”准确概括了全文主旨，适合作文章标题。故选B项。 （25-26高三上·重庆·月考）Public transportation is the key to a city’s livability. Finland has pioneered a new era in bussing — both in terms of the vehicles themselves and in terms of the experience of riding the bus. In June, a group of hydrogen-powered buses from Portugal arrived in Finland. For a few months the buses will undergo testing to see how they adapt to Finland’s difficult and changeable weather conditions. If they can resist Finland’s weather, the buses will enter service in late summer or early fall, joining the electric buses that are already on the road. But what’s so good about hydrogen? According to a report, a 12-meter bus consumes 6-7kg of hydrogen per 100 kilometers, while an 18-meter bus uses less than 9 kg, leading to a substantial reduction in fuel consumption. These environmentally friendly buses will be first introduced in Jyvaskyla, a city noted for its clean energy initiatives. Its public transportation system already features electric and renewable-fuel vehicles, and it’s home to Finland’s first large-size green hydrogen refueling station, making it an ideal testing ground. Besides, a new research initiative is using smart systems to monitor the mood inside buses. Using cameras, sensors, and analytics, these systems interpret the passengers’ expressions and movements, helping the operators anticipate potential disturbances or conflicts. “With this technology, we can build smart transport environments where operators, passengers, technology providers, and safety personnel work closely,” said Jani Vare, the head of innovation and IPR at Teleste, one of the companies leading the project. The project also takes privacy seriously, striving (力争) to balance public safety and individual privacy rights. With its creative use of renewable energy and cutting-edge technology for a better passenger experience, Finland is truly leading the pack. 1．What might be the hydrogen-powered buses’ challenge in Finland? A．Gaining public acceptance. B．Consuming much less fuel. C．Surviving the tough climate. D．Competing with electric buses. 2．Why is Jyvaskyla chosen to test the new buses? A．It owns supporting facilities. B．It features good air quality. C．It just holds few green buses. D．It has many hydrogen stations. 3．Why are smart systems recommended inside the buses? A．To reduce the drivers’ workload. B．To ensure a safe bus environment. C．To help operators to tackle conflicts. D．To identify passengers’ real needs. 4．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．Green and Smart; Finland’s New Buses B．On the Move: The Transport Revolution C．Hydrogen Buses: Finland’s Future Vehicles D．Privacy on Buses: An Emerging Problem 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了芬兰在公交领域的创新举措，包括氢能公交车的测试应用和智能系统监测车内情况的科研项目。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“For a few months the buses will undergo testing to see how they adapt to Finland’s difficult and changeable weather conditions. (在未来数月内，这些公交车将接受一系列测试，以检验其能否适应芬兰恶劣多变的天气条件。)”可知，氢能公交车在芬兰面临的挑战是能否适应当地恶劣多变的天气条件。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Its public transportation system already features electric and renewable-fuel vehicles, and it’s home to Finland’s first large-size green hydrogen refueling station, making it an ideal testing ground.(它的公交系统中早已普及电动公交车与可再生能源动力公交车，并且这里还建有芬兰首个大型绿氢加注站，是开展相关测试的理想之地。)”可知，于韦斯屈莱市拥有完善的配套设施，包括电动和可再生能源公交车系统，以及芬兰首个大型绿氢加注站，因此被选为新公交车的测试地。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Using cameras, sensors, and analytics, these systems interpret the passengers’ expressions and movements, helping the operators anticipate potential disturbances or conflicts.(该系统通过摄像头、传感器及数据分析技术，解读乘客的面部表情与肢体动作，助力运营方预判可能发生的骚乱或冲突事件。)”可知，公交车内安装智能系统是为了分析乘客的表情和动作，助力运营方预判潜在的骚乱或冲突，最终目的是保障公交环境的安全。故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Public transportation is the key to a city’s livability. Finland has pioneered a new era in bussing—both in terms of the vehicles themselves and in terms of the experience of riding the bus. (公共交通是衡量一座城市宜居程度的关键所在。芬兰在公交领域开启了全新的时代——无论是公交车辆本身，还是乘客的乘车体验，均实现了创新突破。)”以及全文内容可知，文章重点介绍了芬兰公交领域的两大创新：一是绿色环保的氢能公交车的测试与应用，二是用于监测车内状况、保障乘车安全的智能系统。选项A“Green and Smart; Finland’s New Buses (绿色与智能：芬兰的新式公交)”精准涵盖了这两个核心主题。故选A。 （25-26高三上·甘肃兰州·期末）Beneath city sidewalks, tree roots form partnerships that are easy to miss. In many urban soils, tiny fungi attach to roots and create networks that move water and nutrients. Scientists call these relationships mycorrhizae. For decades they were studied mainly in forests, but new methods have made it possible to examine them in parks and along streets. Urban environments are harsh: heat, compacted soil, and pollution limit what roots can reach. Mycorrhizal networks can extend a tree’s “effective” root system, helping it access resources beyond the small volume of soil around a planting pit. Some studies also suggest that these fungal partners influence how trees respond to stress, although the mechanisms are still being debated. Yet the networks are fragile. Construction can break the connections, and heavy use of chemical fertilizers may reduce a tree’s need to cooperate with fungi. In response, several cities have begun testing soil-friendly practices, such as adding wood chips and reducing unnecessary digging near root zones. The lesson is simple: greener streets are not built only by planting more trees. They depend on protecting the invisible systems that keep those trees alive. 4．What does the passage mainly discuss? A．Why city trees grow faster than forest trees. B．Fungi-root partnerships help urban trees. C．How to replace trees with grass in cities. D．Why pollution has disappeared from urban soils. 5．Which challenge is NOT mentioned as a difficulty for urban trees? A．Heat. B．Compacted soil. C．Pollution. D．Lack of sunlight under tall mountains. 6．What can be inferred about heavy use of chemical fertilizers? A．It may weaken cooperation between roots and fungi. B．It strengthens the networks by feeding fungi. C．It prevents construction damage completely. D．It is the only way to save city trees. 7．What is the best title for the passage? A．The Secret Life Under Streets B．The History of City Planning C．The Benefits of Chemical Fertilizers D．The Most Dangerous Urban Animals 【答案】4．B 5．D 6．A 7．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍城市街道下树木根系与真菌形成的菌根网络，及其对树木存活的作用、面临的威胁与相关保护措施。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“Beneath city sidewalks, tree roots form partnerships that are easy to miss. In many urban soils, tiny fungi attach to roots and create networks that move water and nutrients. Scientists call these relationships mycorrhizae.(在城市人行道下方，树根形成了容易被忽视的共生关系。在许多城市土壤中，微小的真菌附着在树根上，形成输送水分和养分的网络。科学家将这种关系称为菌根。)”以及第二段中的“Mycorrhizal networks can extend a tree’s “effective” root system, helping it access resources beyond the small volume of soil around a planting pit.(菌根网络可以扩展树木的“有效”根系，帮助它获取种植坑周围小范围土壤之外的资源。)”可知，文章主要讨论的是真菌与树根的共生关系对城市树木的帮助。故选B项。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Urban environments are harsh: heat, compacted soil, and pollution limit what roots can reach.(城市环境十分恶劣：高温、板结的土壤和污染限制了树根能够延伸的范围。)”可知，文中提到的城市树木面临的挑战有高温、板结土壤和污染，没有提及高山下缺乏阳光这一项。故选D项。 6．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Construction can break the connections, and heavy use of chemical fertilizers may reduce a tree’s need to cooperate with fungi.(施工会破坏这些关联，而化肥的大量施用则可能降低树木与真菌共生的需求。)”可知，大量使用化肥可能会削弱树根和真菌之间的共生合作关系。故选A项。 7．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段中“Beneath city sidewalks, tree roots form partnerships that are easy to miss. In many urban soils, tiny fungi attach to roots and create networks that move water and nutrients. Scientists call these relationships mycorrhizae. (在城市人行道下，树根形成的伙伴关系很容易被忽视。在许多城市土壤中，微小的真菌附着在树根上，形成网络，输送水分和养分。科学家称这种关系为菌根。几十年来，人们主要在森林中对它们进行研究，但新的方法使得在公园和街道上对它们进行研究成为可能。)”以及最后一段“The lesson is simple: greener streets are not built only by planting more trees. They depend on protecting the invisible systems that keep those trees alive.(这个教训很简单：绿色街道不是靠种更多的树就能建成的。他们依赖于保护那些让树木存活的无形系统。)”可知，文章围绕城市街道下方隐藏的树木根系与真菌的共生网络展开，介绍了这个看不见的系统对城市树木的重要意义，因此“街道之下的隐秘生命”最适合作为文章标题。故选A项。 【题型02】写作目的题（宏观功能判断） （25-26高三上·重庆北碚·月考）Since the release of generative AI tools like ChatGPT, millions of people have started using them to access knowledge. And it’s easy to understand their appeal: Present a task, get a polished output, and move on — it feels like effortless production. However, new research suggests this ease may have a cost. A series of studies revealed that people who used AI for creative writing developed work with lower originality compared to those using the“solo-creation way”. In the experiments, participants were tasked with writing a short story and were randomly assigned to do so by using either an AI tool or relying on their own minds (the “solo-creation way”). Once completed, their stories were collected for evaluation. The data revealed a consistent pattern: People who created a story through AI assistance versus solo creation felt that they were less engaged, invested less effort in the creative process, and ultimately produced stories that were less original and less creative, and were often superficially smoother and quicker to wrap up. When these stories were assessed by independent readers who didn’t know how they were produced, these readers found the AI- assisted stories less engaging and were less likely to give them high ratings. Why does this happen? A core principle of creative work is that people create best when they are actively engaged. Solo creation involves more“friction”: you must evaluate ideas, struggle with structure, and synthesize information from different sources. This active process strengthens creative capability. In contrast, getting a ready- made, polished output from an AI requires less cognitive struggle,which can lead to a less durable and more superficial grasp of the creative process. However, to be clear, we do not believe the solution to these issues is to avoid using AI tools,especially given the undeniable benefits they offer in many contexts. Rather, people need to consider when to use AI for speed and when to rely on their own cognitive effort for depth and creativity. 1．What can be learned about generative AI tools from paragraph 1? A．Their perceived efficiency. B．Their constant technical updates. C．Their guarantee of deeper understanding. D．Their access to a vast amount of information. 2．How did the AI- group stories differ from those of the solo- creation group? A．They were polished more. B．They were not as well received. C．They were shorter than expected. D．They were more accessible and efficient. 3．What does the underlined word “synthesize” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Classify. B．Compare. C．Integrate. D．Summarize. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To argue against the use of AI tools. B．To highlight solo creation’s superiority. C．To encourage mindful engagement with AI tools. D．To compare the efficiency of AI tools with solo creation. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了研究表明，使用人工智能辅助创作虽省力，但作品原创性低、吸引力差。独自创作虽有挑战，却能增强创造力。因此，应合理使用人工智能，平衡效率与深度。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Since the release of generative AI tools like ChatGPT, millions of people have started using them to access knowledge. And it’s easy to understand their appeal: Present a task, get a polished output, and move on — it feels like effortless production. However, new research suggests this ease may have a cost.(自从像ChatGPT这样的生成式人工智能工具发布以来，数百万人开始使用它们来获取知识。很容易理解它们的吸引力：提出一个任务，得到一个完善的输出，然后继续前进——这感觉像是毫不费力的生产。然而，新的研究表明，这种安逸可能是有代价的。)”可知，人们使用生成式人工智能主要是因为它看起来效率很高。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“When these stories were assessed by independent readers who didn’t know how they were produced, these readers found the AI- assisted stories less engaging and were less likely to give them high ratings.(当这些故事由不知道它们是如何制作的独立读者评估时，这些读者发现人工智能辅助的故事不那么吸引人，也不太可能给它们打高分。)”可知，人工智能小组的故事不受欢迎。故选B项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段中“A core principle of creative work is that people create best when they are actively engaged.( 创造性工作的一个核心原则是，当人们积极参与时，他们会创造出最好的成果。)”以及划线单词句中“A core principle of creative work is that people create best when they are actively engaged. Solo creation involves more “friction”: you must evaluate ideas, struggle with structure, and … information from different sources.(独自创作涉及更多“阻力”：你必须评估想法，与结构作斗争，并……来自不同来源的信息。)”由此可知，在创作过程中，将不同来源的信息整合在一起是关键步骤。“Synthesize”意为“综合、整合”，和C选项Integrate“整合”意思一致。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据文章大意以及最后一段中“Rather, people need to consider when to use AI for speed and when to rely on their own cognitive effort for depth and creativity.( 相反，人们需要考虑什么时候使用人工智能来提高速度，什么时候依靠自己的认知能力来获得深度和创造力。)”可推知，作者的目的是鼓励人们有意识地、明智地使用人工智能工具。故选C项。 【题型03】篇章结构题（脉络梳理能力） （2026·陕西宝鸡·一模）Innovations in technology and in foreign trade are closely interconnected and mutually reinforcing. On the one hand, technological innovation is a key force in breaking through the limits of traditional economic growth and driving the transformation of foreign trade dynamics. As a core element in the development of new quality productive forces (新质生产力), technological innovations can foster new forms, models and momentum in foreign trade. On the other hand, innovations in foreign trade provide application scenarios for technological breakthroughs. The application of major scientific and technological achievements in industries can trigger (激发)a significant transformation in productivity. Therefore, it is necessary to accelerate (加速)the deep integration of technological innovation with foreign trade innovation. Developing new advantages in China’s international economic cooperation relies fundamentally on the vigorous advancement of new quality productive forces. First, it is essential to firmly anchor technological innovation as the core element and strengthen institutional support for emerging (新兴的)fields and future industries. A sound legal and market environment must be created to protect and encourage innovation. Through technological innovation, the country can continuously empower industrial upgrading and foster the robust growth of new foreign trade models. Second, it is crucial to focus on building a modern industrial system as the main direction of future efforts. By promoting deep integration between innovation and industries, cutting-edge technologies can be applied to the key links of supply chains, transforming and upgrading traditional trade approaches while nurturing and expanding new business forms in foreign trade. Finally, China needs to uphold high-standard opening-up, steadily advance institutional opening-up, and engage in international economic cooperation and scientific and technological co-operation at a higher level. This will broaden international circulation and create stronger momentum for innovation-driven foreign trade growth. Efforts should be made to coordinate moves to strengthen the domestic market and build China into a leading trading power. Taking the initiative to open China’s door wider and steadily advance institutional opening-up will drive reform and foster development, enabling new breakthroughs in the dual circulation of domestic and international markets. China’s development of new energy vehicles has set a strong example. The country has adopted a forward-looking strategy at the national level to speed the deep integration of technological and industrial innovation. Leveraging the strengths of the new national system for mobilizing nationwide resources, China has proactively generated more original and innovative technological achievements. 5．What can we know about “new quality productive forces” from the passage? A．They focus more on the home market than global trade. B．They involve more than just technological progress. C．They are measured by how much trade increases. D．They reduce the need for working with other countries. 6．Why is China’s new energy vehicle industry mentioned in the passage? A．To show the results of mixing technology and trade innovation. B．To point out slow changes in other industries. C．To stress the advantages of a self-dependent economic system. D．To advise relying less on international technology exchange. 7．How is the passage organized? A．By comparing different views and finding a middle way. B．By describing the history of technology in foreign trade. C．By comparing development methods in different countries. D．By stating a main idea and then explaining supporting points. 8．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．Technology: The Sole Trade Engine B．Trade Power: A National Goal C．Tech and Trade: Mutual Drivers D．New Energy Vehicles: An Example 【答案】5．B 6．A 7．D 8．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要阐述了技术创新与对外贸易创新之间相互关联、相互促进的关系，指出二者深度融合的必要性，并从技术创新、产业体系建设、高水平开放三个方面说明推进路径，最后以新能源汽车产业为例佐证观点。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“As a core element in the development of new quality productive forces (新质生产力), technological innovations can foster new forms, models and momentum in foreign trade.(作为新质生产力发展的核心要素，技术创新能够培育对外贸易的新形态、新模式和新动能)”及第三段中的“First, it is essential to firmly anchor technological innovation as the core element and strengthen institutional support for emerging (新兴的) fields and future industries.(首先，必须牢牢把握技术创新这一核心要素，加强对新兴领域和未来产业的制度支持)”可知，新质生产力以技术创新为核心，但还涉及制度支持、产业发展等多个方面，并非仅局限于技术进步。故选B项。 6．推理判断题。根据倒数第一段“China’s development of new energy vehicles has set a strong example. The country has adopted a forward-looking strategy at the national level to speed the deep integration of technological and industrial innovation. Leveraging the strengths of the new national system for mobilizing nationwide resources, China has proactively generated more original and innovative technological achievements.(中国在新能源汽车领域的发展树立了强有力的榜样。该国在国家层面采取了具有前瞻性的战略，以加快技术与产业创新的深度融合。充分利用新的全国性资源调动体系的优势，中国积极创造出了更多原创性和创新性的技术成果。)”结合前文围绕“技术创新与对外贸易创新深度融合”的核心观点可知，提及新能源汽车产业是为了展示技术与贸易（产业）创新融合所取得的成果。故选A项。 7．推理判断题。文章第一段开篇即提出核心观点——“Innovations in technology and in foreign trade are closely interconnected and mutually reinforcing.(技术创新与对外贸易创新紧密关联、相互促进)”，随后分别从技术创新的作用、对外贸易创新的意义说明二者关系，接着从三个方面阐述推进二者深度融合的路径，最后以新能源汽车产业为例佐证观点，整体采用“提出主旨观点—分点阐释支撑”的结构。故选D项。 8．主旨大意题。通读全文，并根据第一段中“Innovations in technology and in foreign trade are closely interconnected and mutually reinforcing.(技术创新与对外贸易创新紧密关联、相互促进)” 可知，文章主要阐述了技术创新与对外贸易创新之间相互关联、相互促进的关系，指出二者深度融合的必要性，并从技术创新、产业体系建设、高水平开放三个方面说明推进路径，最后以新能源汽车产业为例佐证观点。C项“技术与贸易：相互驱动力”精准概括全文主旨，适合作本文标题。故选C项。 （25-26高三上·重庆·月考）The days of high school football players huddled around their coach, eyes fixed on a chalkboard or dry-erase board as their coach diagrams plays and shouts adjustments, may come to an end, just like oversized shoulder pads and high-top cleats. Modern-day coaches are now armed with internet-connected tablets that give them access to plays mere seconds after they occur. Large-screen televisions are common on sidelines, allowing coaches to address entire teams of players at the same time. If a correction needs to be made or a scheme changed, coaches have the information literally at their fingertips. “With the system we use, there’s a lag time of five seconds from when the play happens to when it gets into our system,” Mounds View, Minnesota, football coach Aaron Moberg said. “It’s an awesome competitive advantage. We can see plays and make adjustments in real time. We don’t have to wait to do them at halftime.” The areas behind the end lines of football fields, typically reserved for bands, cheerleaders and field maintenance equipment, are now filled with towers standing roughly 40 feet that house remote-controlled, high-definition video cameras for recording games and practices. videos are uploaded and digitally stored, allowing coaches and coordinators to analyze plays and performances and create cut-ups, or edited highlight reels. “It is pretty incredible stuff,” said Norwood-Young America Central head coach Chris Goodwin, who was involved with filming games for the Gophers during the Glen Mason era. “We can make adjustments after one series. That’s huge.” Drones(无人机) have also become more common, though the aerial vehicles are not allowed at MSHSL-sanctioned events, games or images for safety purposes and potential to create unwarranted distractions, according to the league’s handbook. Member schools can, however, use drones at practices. Cost can be a barrier, but Ostlund, head football coach at Rochester Century High School said most experienced coaches saw the value in the new tech. As these tools evolve and become more accessible, they are set to redefine not only how plays are drawn up, but also how young athletes learn. adapt, and understand the game itself. 1．What is the function of Paragraph 1? A．To summarize football’s long history. B．To introduce the topic by contrast. C．To criticize traditional coaching methods. D．To explain high school football rules. 2．What does “it” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．The remote-controlled, high- definition video cameras on the towers. B．The process of uploading and digitally storing game videos. C．The entire system of recording, storing, and analyzing video. D．The traditional areas behind end lines used for bands and equipment. 3．Why are drones not allowed in MSHSL-sanctioned events? A．They are too expensive for most schools to afford. B．They cannot provide high-definition videos for analysis. C．They will interfere with the work of cheerleaders and bands. D．They may cause safety problems and unnecessary distractions. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．The Evolution of Football Equipment for Players B．The Challenges of Applying New Technology in Football C．How Technology Changes High School Football Coaching D．Famous Coaches’ Opinions on Modern Football Technology 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。介绍了现代科技（特别是实时视频传输与分析设备）改变美国高中美式足球的训练和比赛指导模式，使教练团队能够实现近乎实时的战术分析与调整，从而获得了前所未有的竞争优势。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“The days of high school football players huddled around their coach, eyes fixed on a chalkboard or dry-erase board as their coach diagrams plays and shouts adjustments, may come to an end, just like oversized shoulder pads and high-top cleats.(美式足球场上，那些围在教练身边、紧盯着画满战术的黑板或白板、听教练声嘶力竭调整部署的高中球员们，或许终将随着超大护肩垫和高帮防滑钉鞋一起，渐渐载入历史。)”可知，第一段描述了过去高中橄榄球训练的传统场景(黑板、大声喊叫)，并指出这种日子可能即将结束。第二段紧接着引出“Modern-day coaches(现代教练)”使用平板电脑、大屏幕等高科技手段的场景。作者通过第一段的“旧”与第二段的“新”形成鲜明对比(Contrast)，从而自然地引出文章的核心话题——现代科技在橄榄球训练中的应用。因此，第一段的作用是通过对比来引入话题。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据第四段it前面内容“The areas behind the end lines of football fields, typically reserved for bands, cheerleaders and field maintenance equipment, are now filled with towers standing roughly 40 feet that house remote-controlled, high-definition video cameras for recording games and practices. videos are uploaded and digitally stored, allowing coaches and coordinators to analyze plays and performances and create cut-ups, or edited highlight reels.(足球场端线后的区域，传统上本是乐队、啦啦队和场地维护设备的专属区域，如今却矗立起约12米高的塔架，内部搭载着用于记录比赛和训练的遥控高清摄像机。这些视频资料经上传和数字化存储后，教练团队与战术协调员得以深入分析战术配合与球员表现，并据此剪辑制作出精编的战术集锦或精彩镜头合辑。)”可知，这里的it所指的并不仅仅是摄像机本身，而是前文描述的完整技术流程：包括摄像机的录像、存储以及由此带来的教练能够分析比赛并快速做出调整的能力。正是这整个系统被教练称赞为“不可思议的东西”，并且直接关联到他紧接着关于“一个系列赛后就能做出调整”的陈述。C选项“整个视频录制、存储与分析系统”最具概括性。故选C。 3．细节理解题。由第五段“Drones (无人机) have also become more common, though the aerial vehicles are not allowed at MSHSL-sanctioned events, games or images for safety purposes and potential to create unwarranted distractions, according to the league’s handbook.(尽管无人机的使用日渐普遍，但根据明尼苏达州高中体育联盟手册规定，出于安全考虑及可能引发不当干扰的隐患，该联盟官方组织的所有赛事、比赛或集会均禁止使用无人机。)”可知，MSHSL 禁止在授权赛事中使用无人机，原因是安全问题和可能造成不必要的干扰。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。文章开篇对比过去与现在的执教场景，随后详细介绍联网平板电脑、大屏幕电视、高清摄像机、无人机等技术在高中橄榄球执教中的应用，以及相关规则和成本问题，核心围绕“技术如何改变高中橄榄球执教方式”展开。C项“技术如何改变高中橄榄球执教方式”适合作文章标题，A 选项“橄榄球运动员装备的演变”仅在首句提及，并非核心内容；B 选项“橄榄球应用新技术的挑战”仅在结尾提到成本问题，概括片面；D选项“著名教练对现代橄榄球技术的看法”，教练观点是论据，而非文章主旨，故排除。故选C。 建议用时：40min Passage 1（现象解释型说明文语篇练1） （2026·河北沧州·一模）Tiny songbirds migrate thousands of miles, flying at night and resting during the day, to and from their wintering grounds — and unlike many larger birds, they often forgo flocks and travel independently. But recent research suggests they’re not entirely alone in the dark sky. The conventional wisdom had been that each bird is following its own internal instinct or its own experience. If it is not a young bird and has already migrated a few times, they definitely rely on memory and experience — but generally they’re just on their own. Benjamin M. Van Doren, a scientist, and his colleagues set up ground-based microphones at 26 sites across eastern North America and collected more than 18,300 hours of calls from birds in flight. The seemingly random pings songbirds chirp (啁啾) out appear every few seconds to every minute. The researchers found that solitary (单个的) migrating songbirds seem to cooperate across species, possibly sharing information with other solo travelers about who they are and what to watch out for ahead and that individual birds from different species were flying near one another and calling out using certain patterns. “More so than we could explain by chance,” Van Doren says. “It’s really been unclear why exactly they are spending all this energy and all this effort calling while they’re migrating. There must be some reason or benefit to this behavior. Otherwise they’re just wasting energy. Maybe there’s actually some social information being exchanged among these billions of songbirds migrating at night. Whatever the case, it’s highly likely that staying in touch with other individuals could help them navigate more effectively.” Scientists have previously observed that songbirds form what appear to be mixed-species flocks while searching for food and avoiding predators during the day. The findings add to growing evidence that interspecies interactions may influence songbirds’ migratory behavior far more than was previously believed. Ideally, additional studies will further test these hypotheses by using more direct methods such as tagging specific birds to track them during migration. If we could take it from this big population-level scale and try to understand what the individual’s doing, it is going to be a key to understanding how birds are migrating. 1．What did conventional wisdom say about songbird migration? A．Young birds lack migration experience. B．Birds rely mainly on individual capacity. C．Flocks are essential for their navigation. D．Birds follow genetically programmed routes. 2．Why do songbirds call while migrating according to the text? A．To attract mates from far away. B．To burn away extra energy quickly. C．To exchange crucial information. D．To alert others of immediate dangers. 3．What do researchers hope additional studies will do? A．Track individual birds’ migration directly. B．Develop new audio recognition software. C．Prove all songbirds migrate together. D．Develop new bird protection plans. 4．Which of the following might be the best title for the text? A．Migrating Birds Always Travel in Large Flocks B．Migrating Birds Reveal Energy Conservation Strategies C．Migrating Birds Prove Their Superior Memory Ability D．Migrating Birds Sing to Cooperate with Other Species 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍一项新研究发现迁徙鸣禽并非独自飞行，而是会跨物种鸣叫合作，这颠覆了以往对其迁徙行为的认知。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The conventional wisdom had been that each bird is following its own internal instinct or its own experience. If it is not a young bird and has already migrated a few times, they definitely rely on memory and experience — but generally they’re just on their own. (传统观点认为，每只鸟都是遵循自己内在的本能或自身的经验飞行。如果不是幼鸟且已经迁徙过几次，它们肯定会依靠记忆和经验——但总体来说，它们都是独自行动的。)”可知，传统观点认为鸣禽迁徙主要依靠个体自身的能力。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Maybe there’s actually some social information being exchanged among these billions of songbirds migrating at night. Whatever the case, it’s highly likely that staying in touch with other individuals could help them navigate more effectively. (也许在夜间迁徙的数十亿只鸣禽中，确实存在某种社会信息的交流。无论如何，与其他个体保持联系很有可能帮助它们更有效地导航。)”可知，鸣禽在迁徙时鸣叫是为了交换关键信息。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据尾段中的“Ideally, additional studies will further test these hypotheses by using more direct methods such as tagging specific birds to track them during migration. (理想情况下，后续研究将通过更直接的方法进一步验证这些假设，例如给特定的鸟类贴上标签，追踪它们的迁徙过程。)”可知，研究人员希望后续研究能够直接追踪个体鸟类的迁徙过程。故选A项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“But recent research suggests they’re not entirely alone in the dark sky. (但最近的研究表明，它们在黑暗的天空中并非完全孤独)”和第四段中的“The researchers found that solitary (单个的) migrating songbirds seem to cooperate across species, possibly sharing information with other solo travelers about who they are and what to watch out for ahead and that individual birds from different species were flying near one another and calling out using certain patterns. (研究人员发现，单独迁徙的鸣禽似乎会进行跨物种合作——它们可能会与其他“独行迁徙者”分享自身的身份信息以及前方需要警惕的情况；同时还发现，不同物种的单个鸟类会在彼此附近飞行，并以特定的鸣叫模式相互交流。)”可知，本文主要围绕迁徙鸣禽通过鸣叫与其他物种合作这一研究发现展开，因此“Migrating Birds Sing to Cooperate with Other Species(候鸟啼鸣，为与异种协作)”概括了本文的主题，最适合作为文章标题。故选D项。 Passage 2（现象解释型说明文语篇练2） （25-26高三上·河南新乡·月考）Large pieces of ice fall from the sky, bounce off hard surfaces — and sometimes even break windshields and hurt crops. This is a hailstorm. Hail (冰雹) forms high in the clouds during a storm. There, some raindrops freeze solid. As more and more raindrops collide, an icy “stone” grows in size until it’s too heavy to remain in the air. Researchers are hoping to better understand some of the mysteries of hail. One big question is how hail moves through the atmosphere and builds up in size. Some hailstones have measured more than 13 centimeters across. Scientists used to think that hailstones grew by taking a looping (绕圈) path through the atmosphere. Think of their path as upward and downward like a merry-go-round tipped on its side. But such looping motions are actually rare, scientists in China have now shown. An atmospheric scientist Zhang Qinghong from Peking University, working with her team, had been collecting hailstones since 2016. Zhang’s team gathered more than 3, 000 of these bits of ice and analyzed the chemistry of them. First, they sliced the stones, which allowed them to see layers of ice inside. They then analyzed the specific isotopes (同位素) of oxygen present in the frozen water within each layer. By matching that chemistry with the characteristics of the atmosphere at different heights, they could estimate the paths each ice ball had taken through the sky. Only 1 out of the 27 analyzed hailstones appeared to have moved like a tipped-over merry-go-ground. That was unexpected. “It’s surprising,” says Zhang. “Hailstones are a window into the atmosphere,” says Becky Adams, a hail scientist who lives in Omaha. “It can be hard to directly observe where hail forms,” she explains. “We’re blind to what’s happening inside the clouds. But hailstones deliver clues about what’s going on high in the sky right into scientists’ hands.” 5．What does the underlined word “collide” in paragraph 1 most probably mean? A．Float. B．Fall. C．Stretch. D．Crash. 6．What needs further study according to the researchers? A．The way hail travels. B．The average size hail measures. C．The losses hail brings. D．The components hail consists of. 7．What does the study of Zhang’s team mainly suggest? A．The internal structure of hail is complex. B．Previous studies on hail are totally wrong. C．Shapes can reveal how the hailstone forms. D．Hail may not form the way we long thought. 8．Why does Becky Adams say “Hailstones are a window into the atmosphere”? A．They demonstrate where hail forms. B．They can influence the atmosphere. C．They can help us learn the atmosphere. D．They indicate the severity of air pollution. 【答案】5．D 6．A 7．D 8．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍冰雹的形成原理、科研人员对冰雹运动路径的研究过程，以及冰雹对大气研究的参考价值。 5．词句猜测题。根据第一段中的“There, some raindrops freeze solid. As more and more raindrops collide, an icy “stone” grows in size until it’s too heavy to remain in the air. (在那里，一些雨滴冻结成固体。随着越来越多的雨滴相互碰撞，这个冰“球”的体积不断变大，直到重得无法停留在空中)”可知，雨滴相互撞击冻结才能形成体积逐渐变大的冰雹，因此“collide”的意思是“碰撞”，与“Crash”含义相近。故选D项。 6．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Researchers are hoping to better understand some of the mysteries of hail. One big question is how hail moves through the atmosphere and builds up in size. (研究人员希望能更好地解开冰雹的一些谜团。其中一个重要问题是冰雹如何在大气中运动并逐渐增大体积)”可知，研究人员需要进一步研究的内容是冰雹的运动方式。故选A项。 7．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Scientists used to think that hailstones grew by taking a looping (绕圈) path through the atmosphere. Think of their path as upward and downward like a merry-go-round tipped on its side. But such looping motions are actually rare, scientists in China have now shown. (科学家们过去认为，冰雹是沿着一条绕圈的路径在大气中运动并变大的。可以把它们的路径想象成一台侧翻的旋转木马那样上下移动。但中国科学家如今证实，这种绕圈运动实际上是很罕见的)”以及第四段中的“Only 1 out of the 27 analyzed hailstones appeared to have moved like a tipped-over merry-go-ground. (在分析的27个冰雹中，只有1个的运动轨迹像是侧翻的旋转木马)”可知，张庆红团队的研究表明冰雹的形成方式可能和人们长期以来的认知并不一样。故选D项。 8．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Hailstones are a window into the atmosphere,” says Becky Adams, a hail scientist who lives in Omaha. “It can be hard to directly observe where hail forms,” she explains. “We’re blind to what’s happening inside the clouds. But hailstones deliver clues about what’s going on high in the sky right into scientists’ hands. (“冰雹是窥探大气的一扇窗口，”居住在奥马哈的冰雹科学家贝基·亚当斯说。“直接观察冰雹的形成地点可能很困难，”她解释道。“我们无法知晓云层内部正在发生什么。但冰雹却能将高空发生的情况的线索直接送到科学家们手中)”可知，贝基·亚当斯说这句话的原因是冰雹能够帮助人们了解大气的相关情况。故选C项。 Passage 3（问题解决型说明文语篇练） （25-26高三上·河南新乡·月考）You’ve just finished studying for an important exam. Instead of checking your phone, you listen to music for 10 minutes. New research says this simple choice can greatly change what your brain remembers and what it forgets. Study co-authors Kayla Clark from Rice University and Stephanie Leal from UCLA have discovered something that changes what we thought about music and memory. Their study reveals that music played shortly after learning doesn’t simply help or hurt memory. Instead, it creates a trade-off: the same music that helps you remember the big picture might make you forget important details, while music that preserves fine details could blur (模糊) your overall understanding. The research recruited 130 college students for a memory experiment with everyday household objects. Participants first looked at 128 images and sorted them as “indoor” or “outdoor” items. This simple task helped them remember the images. Right after that, participants were divided into two groups. The first group listened to classical music which was rich in emotional variety. Another group heard flat and featureless sounds. 30 minutes later, everyone took a memory test. People in the first group who became much more motivated by the music did better on the general memory test. They easily recognized items they’d seen before. But they struggled with detailed memory, often mistaking similar-looking items for ones they’d definitely seen. While people in the second group showed the opposite pattern. Their general memory got worse, but their detailed memory improved dramatically. The findings may have medical applications. Music therapy (疗法) is increasingly used for patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Rather than using the same approach for everyone, doctors might need to choose specific musical interventions based on whether they want to support general memory or detailed recall. In a word, music isn’t simply good or bad for memory. It’s a tool that can be adjusted to boost specific types of thinking. The challenge now is learning to use that tool intentionally rather than by accident. 9．How were the students grouped after remembering the images? A．By their memory abilities. B．By their interest in music. C．By the content they listened to. D．By their emotional responses. 10．Why did people in the first group do better on the general memory test? A．Music makes them more active. B．They are good at recognizing objects. C．They like to do memory tasks. D．They have improved detailed memory. 11．Why is the research useful for Alzheimer’s patients? A．It proves music can cure disease. B．It discovers the real needs of patients. C．It offers personalized treatment ideas. D．It shows feeling is the key to treatment. 12．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Music: A Cure for Memory Loss B．How Music Tunes Your Memory C．Music: Changing What You Thought D．How to Improve Detailed Memory 【答案】9．C 10．A 11．C 12．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章围绕“音乐对记忆的影响”这一研究，介绍了研究过程、核心结论及实际应用价值。 9．细节理解题。根据第三段“Right after that, participants were divided into two groups. The first group listened to classical music which was rich in emotional variety. Another group heard flat and featureless sounds. (之后，参与者被分成两组。第一组听的是情感丰富的古典音乐。另一组听的是平淡的无特征声音)”可知，分组依据是“听的内容”，第一组听的是富有情感变化的古典音乐，另一组听的是平淡的无特征声音。故选C。 10．细节理解题。根据第四段“People in the first group who became much more motivated by the music did better on the general memory test. (第一组被音乐激励的人在一般记忆测试中表现更好)”可知，第一组的人被音乐激发得更强烈，他们在一般记忆测试中表现得更好，因为他们听的音乐激发了他们，使他们状态更活跃。故选A。 11．细节理解题。根据第五段“Music therapy (疗法) is increasingly used for patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Rather than using the same approach for everyone, doctors might need to choose specific musical interventions based on whether they want to support general memory or detailed recall. (音乐疗法越来越多地用于阿尔茨海默病患者。医生可能需要根据他们是想支持一般记忆还是详细回忆来选择特定的音乐干预，而不是对每个人都使用相同的方法)”可知，该研究给阿尔茨海默病提供了个性化的治疗思路。故选C。 12．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“In a word, music isn’t simply good or bad for memory. It’s a tool that can be adjusted to boost specific types of thinking. The challenge now is learning to use that tool intentionally rather than by accident. (总而言之，音乐对记忆并不是简单的好或坏。这是一种可以调整的工具，可以促进特定类型的思维。现在的挑战是学会有意而不是无意地使用这个工具)”及通读全文可知，文章核心是“音乐对记忆的调节作用”。因此，“音乐如何调整你的记忆力”最适合作为文章标题。故选B。 Passage 4（观点对比型说明文语篇练） （2026·湖北荆州·一模）Like the ever-shifting colors of the sky and sea, emotions move in waves: they gather gradually, reach the peak, and eventually fade, only to be succeeded by new ones. Studies indicate that when fully experienced, an emotion lasts at most ninety seconds. Yet so often, we find ourselves ensnared (掉入陷阱) in emotions that last far beyond — why? The answer lies in how we feed emotions with our thoughts and stories. When we get stuck in overthinking why we feel a certain way, whether it’s justified, or why we shouldn’t feel it, we create a cycle that breathes new life into the emotion. Attempting to avoid or block emotions doesn’t make them disappear; instead, they get trapped inside us, which can even cause physical pain or tension. Contrary to the popular view that emotions are a weakness, they are, in truth, an essential part of being human. We generally experience five core emotions: joy, sadness, fear, anger, and desire. Not naturally good or bad, they each serve as an essential instrument of our personal growth with their specific wisdom. For instance, joy connects us to appreciation, fear alerts us to the unknown, and anger signals a boundary being crossed. To break free from unhelpful emotional cycles, we can apply the “fact vs. story” framework. By focusing on facts instead of stories, we can tap into our true feelings. Using simple emotional language — like “I’m sad,” “I’m happy,” or “I’m scared” — helps us relate to our basic emotions, which brings us out of a state of stress and into the present moment. Grounded in what is real, we focus on what can be influenced and cease wasting energy on things that exhaust us. Feeling emotions fully without resistance liberates energy, clears the mind and supports sound decision-making. When emotions surface, ride the wave — experience them fully in our body, listen to their wisdom, and let them flow through. This is how emotions become a source of creativity and strength, guiding us to lead our lives with clarity and purpose. 17．Why do we feel emotions much longer than ninety seconds? A．We are too nervous to handle them wisely. B．They are bound to be long-lasting naturally. C．They involve our thoughts and stories deeply. D．We need sufficient time to release them fully. 18．What does the author think of emotions? A．They are sources of inner conflict. B．They are signs of human weakness. C．They are tools for self-improvement. D．They are symbols of specific wisdom. 19．How should we get rid of unhelpful emotional circles? A．By recognizing our true feelings partly. B．By expressing our emotions objectively. C．By analyzing our emotional language simply. D．By joining basic emotions to stories logically. 20．Which statement will the author probably agree with? A．Overthinking traps us inside true feelings. B．Negative cycles arise from feeling emotions. C．Deep analysis unlocks the door to emotional control. D．Accepting emotions fully brings clarity and strength. 【答案】17．C 18．C 19．B 20．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了情绪持续时间长的原因、对情绪的看法、摆脱负面情绪的方法以及充分感受情绪的益处。 17．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Studies indicate that when fully experienced, an emotion lasts at most ninety seconds. Yet so often, we find ourselves ensnared in emotions that last far beyond — why?(研究表明，当一种情绪被全然体验时，其持续时长最多不过90秒。然而现实中，我们却常常深陷于某种情绪之中难以自拔，其持续时间远超90秒 —— 这究竟是为何？)”、第二段中“The answer lies in how we feed emotions with our thoughts and stories. When we get stuck in overthinking why we feel a certain way, whether it’s justified, or why we shouldn’t feel it, we create a cycle that breathes new life into the emotion.(答案在于，我们会用自身的思绪与臆想不断“滋养”情绪。当我们执着地反复琢磨自己产生某种情绪的缘由、纠结这种情绪是否合情合理，或是懊恼自己本不该产生这种情绪时，便会陷入一个恶性循环，让这种情绪重焕生机。)”可知，我们感觉情绪的时间远超过90秒是因为它们深深地涉及了我们的思想和故事。故选C。 18．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Contrary to the popular view that emotions are a weakness, they are, in truth, an essential part of being human. We generally experience five core emotions: joy, sadness, fear, anger, and desire. Not naturally good or bad, they each serve as an essential instrument of our personal growth with their specific wisdom.(与“情绪是软弱的表现”这一普遍观点恰恰相反，情绪实则是人性中不可或缺的一部分。人类通常会体验五种核心情绪：喜悦、悲伤、恐惧、愤怒与渴望。这些情绪本身并无好坏之分，每种情绪都蕴含着独特的智慧，是助力我们个人成长的重要工具。例如，喜悦让我们懂得感恩，恐惧提醒我们警惕未知的风险，而愤怒则预示着我们的边界正被侵犯。)”可知，作者认为情绪是自我提升的工具。故选C。 19．细节理解题。根据第四段中“To break free from unhelpful emotional cycles, we can apply the “fact vs. story” framework. By focusing on facts instead of stories, we can tap into our true feelings. Using simple emotional language — like “I’m sad,” “I’m happy,” or “I’m scared” — helps us relate to our basic emotions, which brings us out of a state of stress and into the present moment.(为了摆脱无益的情绪循环，我们可以运用“事实与故事”的框架。通过关注事实而不是故事，我们可以挖掘出我们真实的感受。使用简单的情绪语言，比如“我很难过”、“我很开心”或“我很害怕”，可以帮助我们与基本情绪建立联系，使我们摆脱压力状态，进入当下。)”可知，我们应该通过客观地表达我们的情绪来摆脱无益的情绪循环。故选B。 20．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Feeling emotions fully without resistance liberates energy, clears the mind and supports sound decision-making. When emotions surface, ride the wave — experience them fully in our body, listen to their wisdom, and let them flow through. This is how emotions become a source of creativity and strength, guiding us to lead our lives with clarity and purpose.(毫无抗拒地全然接纳情绪，能释放内心的能量、理清思绪，并有助于做出明智的决策。当情绪浮现时，不妨顺势而为 —— 让身体去充分感受这份情绪，聆听它所传递的智慧，而后任其自然而然地流淌而过。唯有如此，情绪才能转化为创造力与力量的源泉，指引我们以清醒的头脑和明确的目标过好每一天。)”可知，作者认为全然接纳情绪能带来清醒的头脑与力量，可能会同意“充分接受情绪能带来清晰和力量”这一观点。故选D。 Passage 5（事物介绍/过程描述型说明文语篇练） （2026·广东·模拟预测）When you start to feel bored or overwhelmed by a hectic holiday itinerary (行程) , hurrying from one place to another, and just fancy spending a couple of relaxing, aimless days in a seaside resort, Haikou in Hainan province comes highly recommended. Located at the northern end of Hainan, the provincial capital faces the mainland across the Qiongzhou Strait. The area keeps travelers happily sheltered from overcrowded tourist groups and immerses them in the locals’ relaxed pace of life. Travelers to Haikou need not worry about falling into tourist traps. Meanwhile, tips before travelling were a spare idea. They will be warmly welcomed into the locals’ everyday routines, such as joining residents at their favorite breakfast spots instead. One such place is the narrow, busy Yixing Street at the end of which sits Xitian Temple, a tucked away in one of Haikou’s expansive old neighborhoods. The temple was first built in the 16th century as a shrine to Wang Zuo (1428-1512), a reputed personage in the community, where locals paid tribute to him for a safe and smooth sea voyage before setting out. Nowadays, many people come to the temple to pray for smoothness and safety. These days people come not only to worship Wang but also to begin their morning refreshments. People’s appetites are awakened by a variety of delicacies from all over Hainan, available at eateries and takeaway stands lining both sides of the street. Popular specialties sometimes sell out early, including Danzhou milan rice noodles, named after a city to the southwest of Haikou where the noodles originate. The boiled noodles are often topped with meat, vegetables, pickles and other savory ingredients. 53．What will Haikou bring uniquely for visitors? A．Fantastic scenery. B．Extreme happiness and relaxation. C．The spectacular spots of sea. D．Freedom and peace. 54．What could be a practical advice for the visitors? A．Preparing the tips before arrival. B．Asking natives for help. C．Joining travelling teams. D．Get together with natives. 55．What do we know about Hainan Province? A．Its own temple has been popular in recent days. B．Danzhou milan rice noodles are the origin of noodles. C．Hainan is only known for various delicacies. D．Noodles in Hainan are a must-try. 【答案】53．D 54．D 55．A 【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了海南海口作为海滨度假地的特色，包括其闲适的氛围、融入当地生活的旅行体验，以及特色街区与美食。 53．细节理解题。根据第一段“When you start to feel bored or overwhelmed by a hectic holiday itinerary (行程) , hurrying from one place to another, and just fancy spending a couple of relaxing, aimless days in a seaside resort, Haikou in Hainan province comes highly recommended. (当你开始对紧凑的假期行程感到厌倦或疲惫，疲于在各个景点之间奔波，只想在海滨度假胜地度过几天放松、悠闲的时光时，海南海口是非常值得推荐的去处)”及第二段“The area keeps travelers happily sheltered from overcrowded tourist groups and immerses them in the locals’ relaxed pace of life. (这片区域能让游客完美避开拥挤的旅行团，沉浸在当地人悠闲的生活节奏中)”可知，“不用奔波于紧凑行程”对应freedom，“放松、悠闲的时光”及“悠闲的生活节奏”对应peace。故选D项。 54．细节理解题。根据第三段“They will be warmly welcomed into the locals’ everyday routines, such as joining residents at their favorite breakfast spots instead. (游客们能惬意地融入当地人的日常生活，比如和居民们一起去他们最爱的早餐店打卡)”可知，游客可以和当地人聚在一起。故选D项。 55．细节理解题。根据第四段“Nowadays, many people come to the temple to pray for smoothness and safety. (如今，许多人会前往这座寺庙祈求顺遂平安)”可知，寺庙最近受到人们欢迎。故选A项。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 6 / 9 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题12 体裁“解构”——说明文四大篇章结构破题技巧 情境突破练 压轴提速练 【题型01】主旨大意题（宏观结构把握） （2026·河北·一模）A study has found that verbal abuse or hurtful words in childhood may be as damaging to long-term mental well-being as physical abuse, if not more so. This groundbreaking research highlights the need to treat verbal abuse as a serious public health issue that comes with lasting psychological consequences. Research led by Liverpool John Moores University has drawn on the data of 20,687 adults from England and Wales. In the survey, participants were asked about their exposure to physical and/or verbal abuse before the age of 18. Then current mental health markers were assessed using a mental well-being scale, which factors in optimism, relaxation, social connection and coping skills. The survey asked participants how often they felt optimistic about the future, useful and relaxed. What the researchers found was that those who experienced verbal abuse as children were 1.64 times more likely to report poor mental well-being as adults. Meanwhile, individuals exposed to physical abuse were 1.52 times more likely to have mental health problems later in life, and those who experienced both verbal and physical maltreatment were 2.15 times more likely to have negative mental health outcomes. There’s a growing body of evidence that demonstrates how verbal abuse in childhood has long- term impacts. It’s often viewed as less harmful than other forms of maltreatment. The researchers found that while physical abuse had decreased — from around 20.2% of children born in the 1970s to 10% of those born in 2000 or later — verbal abuse has increased. This study found that those who experienced this in their youth had nearly double the likelihood of social isolation. There remains an urgent need for greater measures to prevent physical abuse. Verbal abuse may not immediately manifest in ways that catch the attention of bystanders, clinicians, or others in supporting services. The researchers emphasize that this study doesn’t downplay the long- term harm of physical abuse, but it highlights the need to better consider verbal maltreatment when it comes to both child protection policies and mental health treatment in adults who have experienced this trauma. 5．What did the survey in paragraph 2 focus on? A．Adult abuse experiences. B．Social connection in childhood. C．Current physical health markers. D．Childhood abuse and adult mental health. 6．How does the author present the issue in paragraph 3? A．By presenting comparative research data. B．By introducing the study’s background. C．By explaining research methodology. D．By proposing policy solutions. 7．What change in abuse patterns did researchers note? A．Physical abuse increased since 2000. B．Verbal abuse decreased significantly. C．Verbal abuse rose while physical abuse declined. D．Both types dropped among newer generations. 8．What is the best title for the text? A．Physical abuse prevention strategies B．Verbal abuse’s lasting adult impact C．Survey methods in psychology research D．Improving childhood mental health policies （25-26高三上·重庆·月考）Public transportation is the key to a city’s livability. Finland has pioneered a new era in bussing — both in terms of the vehicles themselves and in terms of the experience of riding the bus. In June, a group of hydrogen-powered buses from Portugal arrived in Finland. For a few months the buses will undergo testing to see how they adapt to Finland’s difficult and changeable weather conditions. If they can resist Finland’s weather, the buses will enter service in late summer or early fall, joining the electric buses that are already on the road. But what’s so good about hydrogen? According to a report, a 12-meter bus consumes 6-7kg of hydrogen per 100 kilometers, while an 18-meter bus uses less than 9 kg, leading to a substantial reduction in fuel consumption. These environmentally friendly buses will be first introduced in Jyvaskyla, a city noted for its clean energy initiatives. Its public transportation system already features electric and renewable-fuel vehicles, and it’s home to Finland’s first large-size green hydrogen refueling station, making it an ideal testing ground. Besides, a new research initiative is using smart systems to monitor the mood inside buses. Using cameras, sensors, and analytics, these systems interpret the passengers’ expressions and movements, helping the operators anticipate potential disturbances or conflicts. “With this technology, we can build smart transport environments where operators, passengers, technology providers, and safety personnel work closely,” said Jani Vare, the head of innovation and IPR at Teleste, one of the companies leading the project. The project also takes privacy seriously, striving (力争) to balance public safety and individual privacy rights. With its creative use of renewable energy and cutting-edge technology for a better passenger experience, Finland is truly leading the pack. 1．What might be the hydrogen-powered buses’ challenge in Finland? A．Gaining public acceptance. B．Consuming much less fuel. C．Surviving the tough climate. D．Competing with electric buses. 2．Why is Jyvaskyla chosen to test the new buses? A．It owns supporting facilities. B．It features good air quality. C．It just holds few green buses. D．It has many hydrogen stations. 3．Why are smart systems recommended inside the buses? A．To reduce the drivers’ workload. B．To ensure a safe bus environment. C．To help operators to tackle conflicts. D．To identify passengers’ real needs. 4．Which can be a suitable title for the text? A．Green and Smart; Finland’s New Buses B．On the Move: The Transport Revolution C．Hydrogen Buses: Finland’s Future Vehicles D．Privacy on Buses: An Emerging Problem （25-26高三上·甘肃兰州·期末）Beneath city sidewalks, tree roots form partnerships that are easy to miss. In many urban soils, tiny fungi attach to roots and create networks that move water and nutrients. Scientists call these relationships mycorrhizae. For decades they were studied mainly in forests, but new methods have made it possible to examine them in parks and along streets. Urban environments are harsh: heat, compacted soil, and pollution limit what roots can reach. Mycorrhizal networks can extend a tree’s “effective” root system, helping it access resources beyond the small volume of soil around a planting pit. Some studies also suggest that these fungal partners influence how trees respond to stress, although the mechanisms are still being debated. Yet the networks are fragile. Construction can break the connections, and heavy use of chemical fertilizers may reduce a tree’s need to cooperate with fungi. In response, several cities have begun testing soil-friendly practices, such as adding wood chips and reducing unnecessary digging near root zones. The lesson is simple: greener streets are not built only by planting more trees. They depend on protecting the invisible systems that keep those trees alive. 4．What does the passage mainly discuss? A．Why city trees grow faster than forest trees. B．Fungi-root partnerships help urban trees. C．How to replace trees with grass in cities. D．Why pollution has disappeared from urban soils. 5．Which challenge is NOT mentioned as a difficulty for urban trees? A．Heat. B．Compacted soil. C．Pollution. D．Lack of sunlight under tall mountains. 6．What can be inferred about heavy use of chemical fertilizers? A．It may weaken cooperation between roots and fungi. B．It strengthens the networks by feeding fungi. C．It prevents construction damage completely. D．It is the only way to save city trees. 7．What is the best title for the passage? A．The Secret Life Under Streets B．The History of City Planning C．The Benefits of Chemical Fertilizers D．The Most Dangerous Urban Animals 【题型02】写作目的题（宏观功能判断） （25-26高三上·重庆北碚·月考）Since the release of generative AI tools like ChatGPT, millions of people have started using them to access knowledge. And it’s easy to understand their appeal: Present a task, get a polished output, and move on — it feels like effortless production. However, new research suggests this ease may have a cost. A series of studies revealed that people who used AI for creative writing developed work with lower originality compared to those using the“solo-creation way”. In the experiments, participants were tasked with writing a short story and were randomly assigned to do so by using either an AI tool or relying on their own minds (the “solo-creation way”). Once completed, their stories were collected for evaluation. The data revealed a consistent pattern: People who created a story through AI assistance versus solo creation felt that they were less engaged, invested less effort in the creative process, and ultimately produced stories that were less original and less creative, and were often superficially smoother and quicker to wrap up. When these stories were assessed by independent readers who didn’t know how they were produced, these readers found the AI- assisted stories less engaging and were less likely to give them high ratings. Why does this happen? A core principle of creative work is that people create best when they are actively engaged. Solo creation involves more“friction”: you must evaluate ideas, struggle with structure, and synthesize information from different sources. This active process strengthens creative capability. In contrast, getting a ready- made, polished output from an AI requires less cognitive struggle,which can lead to a less durable and more superficial grasp of the creative process. However, to be clear, we do not believe the solution to these issues is to avoid using AI tools,especially given the undeniable benefits they offer in many contexts. Rather, people need to consider when to use AI for speed and when to rely on their own cognitive effort for depth and creativity. 1．What can be learned about generative AI tools from paragraph 1? A．Their perceived efficiency. B．Their constant technical updates. C．Their guarantee of deeper understanding. D．Their access to a vast amount of information. 2．How did the AI- group stories differ from those of the solo- creation group? A．They were polished more. B．They were not as well received. C．They were shorter than expected. D．They were more accessible and efficient. 3．What does the underlined word “synthesize” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Classify. B．Compare. C．Integrate. D．Summarize. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A．To argue against the use of AI tools. B．To highlight solo creation’s superiority. C．To encourage mindful engagement with AI tools. D．To compare the efficiency of AI tools with solo creation. 【题型03】篇章结构题（脉络梳理能力） （2026·陕西宝鸡·一模）Innovations in technology and in foreign trade are closely interconnected and mutually reinforcing. On the one hand, technological innovation is a key force in breaking through the limits of traditional economic growth and driving the transformation of foreign trade dynamics. As a core element in the development of new quality productive forces (新质生产力), technological innovations can foster new forms, models and momentum in foreign trade. On the other hand, innovations in foreign trade provide application scenarios for technological breakthroughs. The application of major scientific and technological achievements in industries can trigger (激发)a significant transformation in productivity. Therefore, it is necessary to accelerate (加速)the deep integration of technological innovation with foreign trade innovation. Developing new advantages in China’s international economic cooperation relies fundamentally on the vigorous advancement of new quality productive forces. First, it is essential to firmly anchor technological innovation as the core element and strengthen institutional support for emerging (新兴的)fields and future industries. A sound legal and market environment must be created to protect and encourage innovation. Through technological innovation, the country can continuously empower industrial upgrading and foster the robust growth of new foreign trade models. Second, it is crucial to focus on building a modern industrial system as the main direction of future efforts. By promoting deep integration between innovation and industries, cutting-edge technologies can be applied to the key links of supply chains, transforming and upgrading traditional trade approaches while nurturing and expanding new business forms in foreign trade. Finally, China needs to uphold high-standard opening-up, steadily advance institutional opening-up, and engage in international economic cooperation and scientific and technological co-operation at a higher level. This will broaden international circulation and create stronger momentum for innovation-driven foreign trade growth. Efforts should be made to coordinate moves to strengthen the domestic market and build China into a leading trading power. Taking the initiative to open China’s door wider and steadily advance institutional opening-up will drive reform and foster development, enabling new breakthroughs in the dual circulation of domestic and international markets. China’s development of new energy vehicles has set a strong example. The country has adopted a forward-looking strategy at the national level to speed the deep integration of technological and industrial innovation. Leveraging the strengths of the new national system for mobilizing nationwide resources, China has proactively generated more original and innovative technological achievements. 5．What can we know about “new quality productive forces” from the passage? A．They focus more on the home market than global trade. B．They involve more than just technological progress. C．They are measured by how much trade increases. D．They reduce the need for working with other countries. 6．Why is China’s new energy vehicle industry mentioned in the passage? A．To show the results of mixing technology and trade innovation. B．To point out slow changes in other industries. C．To stress the advantages of a self-dependent economic system. D．To advise relying less on international technology exchange. 7．How is the passage organized? A．By comparing different views and finding a middle way. B．By describing the history of technology in foreign trade. C．By comparing development methods in different countries. D．By stating a main idea and then explaining supporting points. 8．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．Technology: The Sole Trade Engine B．Trade Power: A National Goal C．Tech and Trade: Mutual Drivers D．New Energy Vehicles: An Example （25-26高三上·重庆·月考）The days of high school football players huddled around their coach, eyes fixed on a chalkboard or dry-erase board as their coach diagrams plays and shouts adjustments, may come to an end, just like oversized shoulder pads and high-top cleats. Modern-day coaches are now armed with internet-connected tablets that give them access to plays mere seconds after they occur. Large-screen televisions are common on sidelines, allowing coaches to address entire teams of players at the same time. If a correction needs to be made or a scheme changed, coaches have the information literally at their fingertips. “With the system we use, there’s a lag time of five seconds from when the play happens to when it gets into our system,” Mounds View, Minnesota, football coach Aaron Moberg said. “It’s an awesome competitive advantage. We can see plays and make adjustments in real time. We don’t have to wait to do them at halftime.” The areas behind the end lines of football fields, typically reserved for bands, cheerleaders and field maintenance equipment, are now filled with towers standing roughly 40 feet that house remote-controlled, high-definition video cameras for recording games and practices. videos are uploaded and digitally stored, allowing coaches and coordinators to analyze plays and performances and create cut-ups, or edited highlight reels. “It is pretty incredible stuff,” said Norwood-Young America Central head coach Chris Goodwin, who was involved with filming games for the Gophers during the Glen Mason era. “We can make adjustments after one series. That’s huge.” Drones(无人机) have also become more common, though the aerial vehicles are not allowed at MSHSL-sanctioned events, games or images for safety purposes and potential to create unwarranted distractions, according to the league’s handbook. Member schools can, however, use drones at practices. Cost can be a barrier, but Ostlund, head football coach at Rochester Century High School said most experienced coaches saw the value in the new tech. As these tools evolve and become more accessible, they are set to redefine not only how plays are drawn up, but also how young athletes learn. adapt, and understand the game itself. 1．What is the function of Paragraph 1? A．To summarize football’s long history. B．To introduce the topic by contrast. C．To criticize traditional coaching methods. D．To explain high school football rules. 2．What does “it” in paragraph 4 refer to? A．The remote-controlled, high- definition video cameras on the towers. B．The process of uploading and digitally storing game videos. C．The entire system of recording, storing, and analyzing video. D．The traditional areas behind end lines used for bands and equipment. 3．Why are drones not allowed in MSHSL-sanctioned events? A．They are too expensive for most schools to afford. B．They cannot provide high-definition videos for analysis. C．They will interfere with the work of cheerleaders and bands. D．They may cause safety problems and unnecessary distractions. 4．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．The Evolution of Football Equipment for Players B．The Challenges of Applying New Technology in Football C．How Technology Changes High School Football Coaching D．Famous Coaches’ Opinions on Modern Football Technology 建议用时：40min Passage 1（现象解释型说明文语篇练1） （2026·河北沧州·一模）Tiny songbirds migrate thousands of miles, flying at night and resting during the day, to and from their wintering grounds — and unlike many larger birds, they often forgo flocks and travel independently. But recent research suggests they’re not entirely alone in the dark sky. The conventional wisdom had been that each bird is following its own internal instinct or its own experience. If it is not a young bird and has already migrated a few times, they definitely rely on memory and experience — but generally they’re just on their own. Benjamin M. Van Doren, a scientist, and his colleagues set up ground-based microphones at 26 sites across eastern North America and collected more than 18,300 hours of calls from birds in flight. The seemingly random pings songbirds chirp (啁啾) out appear every few seconds to every minute. The researchers found that solitary (单个的) migrating songbirds seem to cooperate across species, possibly sharing information with other solo travelers about who they are and what to watch out for ahead and that individual birds from different species were flying near one another and calling out using certain patterns. “More so than we could explain by chance,” Van Doren says. “It’s really been unclear why exactly they are spending all this energy and all this effort calling while they’re migrating. There must be some reason or benefit to this behavior. Otherwise they’re just wasting energy. Maybe there’s actually some social information being exchanged among these billions of songbirds migrating at night. Whatever the case, it’s highly likely that staying in touch with other individuals could help them navigate more effectively.” Scientists have previously observed that songbirds form what appear to be mixed-species flocks while searching for food and avoiding predators during the day. The findings add to growing evidence that interspecies interactions may influence songbirds’ migratory behavior far more than was previously believed. Ideally, additional studies will further test these hypotheses by using more direct methods such as tagging specific birds to track them during migration. If we could take it from this big population-level scale and try to understand what the individual’s doing, it is going to be a key to understanding how birds are migrating. 1．What did conventional wisdom say about songbird migration? A．Young birds lack migration experience. B．Birds rely mainly on individual capacity. C．Flocks are essential for their navigation. D．Birds follow genetically programmed routes. 2．Why do songbirds call while migrating according to the text? A．To attract mates from far away. B．To burn away extra energy quickly. C．To exchange crucial information. D．To alert others of immediate dangers. 3．What do researchers hope additional studies will do? A．Track individual birds’ migration directly. B．Develop new audio recognition software. C．Prove all songbirds migrate together. D．Develop new bird protection plans. 4．Which of the following might be the best title for the text? A．Migrating Birds Always Travel in Large Flocks B．Migrating Birds Reveal Energy Conservation Strategies C．Migrating Birds Prove Their Superior Memory Ability D．Migrating Birds Sing to Cooperate with Other Species Passage 2（现象解释型说明文语篇练2） （25-26高三上·河南新乡·月考）Large pieces of ice fall from the sky, bounce off hard surfaces — and sometimes even break windshields and hurt crops. This is a hailstorm. Hail (冰雹) forms high in the clouds during a storm. There, some raindrops freeze solid. As more and more raindrops collide, an icy “stone” grows in size until it’s too heavy to remain in the air. Researchers are hoping to better understand some of the mysteries of hail. One big question is how hail moves through the atmosphere and builds up in size. Some hailstones have measured more than 13 centimeters across. Scientists used to think that hailstones grew by taking a looping (绕圈) path through the atmosphere. Think of their path as upward and downward like a merry-go-round tipped on its side. But such looping motions are actually rare, scientists in China have now shown. An atmospheric scientist Zhang Qinghong from Peking University, working with her team, had been collecting hailstones since 2016. Zhang’s team gathered more than 3, 000 of these bits of ice and analyzed the chemistry of them. First, they sliced the stones, which allowed them to see layers of ice inside. They then analyzed the specific isotopes (同位素) of oxygen present in the frozen water within each layer. By matching that chemistry with the characteristics of the atmosphere at different heights, they could estimate the paths each ice ball had taken through the sky. Only 1 out of the 27 analyzed hailstones appeared to have moved like a tipped-over merry-go-ground. That was unexpected. “It’s surprising,” says Zhang. “Hailstones are a window into the atmosphere,” says Becky Adams, a hail scientist who lives in Omaha. “It can be hard to directly observe where hail forms,” she explains. “We’re blind to what’s happening inside the clouds. But hailstones deliver clues about what’s going on high in the sky right into scientists’ hands.” 5．What does the underlined word “collide” in paragraph 1 most probably mean? A．Float. B．Fall. C．Stretch. D．Crash. 6．What needs further study according to the researchers? A．The way hail travels. B．The average size hail measures. C．The losses hail brings. D．The components hail consists of. 7．What does the study of Zhang’s team mainly suggest? A．The internal structure of hail is complex. B．Previous studies on hail are totally wrong. C．Shapes can reveal how the hailstone forms. D．Hail may not form the way we long thought. 8．Why does Becky Adams say “Hailstones are a window into the atmosphere”? A．They demonstrate where hail forms. B．They can influence the atmosphere. C．They can help us learn the atmosphere. D．They indicate the severity of air pollution. Passage 3（问题解决型说明文语篇练） （25-26高三上·河南新乡·月考）You’ve just finished studying for an important exam. Instead of checking your phone, you listen to music for 10 minutes. New research says this simple choice can greatly change what your brain remembers and what it forgets. Study co-authors Kayla Clark from Rice University and Stephanie Leal from UCLA have discovered something that changes what we thought about music and memory. Their study reveals that music played shortly after learning doesn’t simply help or hurt memory. Instead, it creates a trade-off: the same music that helps you remember the big picture might make you forget important details, while music that preserves fine details could blur (模糊) your overall understanding. The research recruited 130 college students for a memory experiment with everyday household objects. Participants first looked at 128 images and sorted them as “indoor” or “outdoor” items. This simple task helped them remember the images. Right after that, participants were divided into two groups. The first group listened to classical music which was rich in emotional variety. Another group heard flat and featureless sounds. 30 minutes later, everyone took a memory test. People in the first group who became much more motivated by the music did better on the general memory test. They easily recognized items they’d seen before. But they struggled with detailed memory, often mistaking similar-looking items for ones they’d definitely seen. While people in the second group showed the opposite pattern. Their general memory got worse, but their detailed memory improved dramatically. The findings may have medical applications. Music therapy (疗法) is increasingly used for patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Rather than using the same approach for everyone, doctors might need to choose specific musical interventions based on whether they want to support general memory or detailed recall. In a word, music isn’t simply good or bad for memory. It’s a tool that can be adjusted to boost specific types of thinking. The challenge now is learning to use that tool intentionally rather than by accident. 9．How were the students grouped after remembering the images? A．By their memory abilities. B．By their interest in music. C．By the content they listened to. D．By their emotional responses. 10．Why did people in the first group do better on the general memory test? A．Music makes them more active. B．They are good at recognizing objects. C．They like to do memory tasks. D．They have improved detailed memory. 11．Why is the research useful for Alzheimer’s patients? A．It proves music can cure disease. B．It discovers the real needs of patients. C．It offers personalized treatment ideas. D．It shows feeling is the key to treatment. 12．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Music: A Cure for Memory Loss B．How Music Tunes Your Memory C．Music: Changing What You Thought D．How to Improve Detailed Memory Passage 4（观点对比型说明文语篇练） （2026·湖北荆州·一模）Like the ever-shifting colors of the sky and sea, emotions move in waves: they gather gradually, reach the peak, and eventually fade, only to be succeeded by new ones. Studies indicate that when fully experienced, an emotion lasts at most ninety seconds. Yet so often, we find ourselves ensnared (掉入陷阱) in emotions that last far beyond — why? The answer lies in how we feed emotions with our thoughts and stories. When we get stuck in overthinking why we feel a certain way, whether it’s justified, or why we shouldn’t feel it, we create a cycle that breathes new life into the emotion. Attempting to avoid or block emotions doesn’t make them disappear; instead, they get trapped inside us, which can even cause physical pain or tension. Contrary to the popular view that emotions are a weakness, they are, in truth, an essential part of being human. We generally experience five core emotions: joy, sadness, fear, anger, and desire. Not naturally good or bad, they each serve as an essential instrument of our personal growth with their specific wisdom. For instance, joy connects us to appreciation, fear alerts us to the unknown, and anger signals a boundary being crossed. To break free from unhelpful emotional cycles, we can apply the “fact vs. story” framework. By focusing on facts instead of stories, we can tap into our true feelings. Using simple emotional language — like “I’m sad,” “I’m happy,” or “I’m scared” — helps us relate to our basic emotions, which brings us out of a state of stress and into the present moment. Grounded in what is real, we focus on what can be influenced and cease wasting energy on things that exhaust us. Feeling emotions fully without resistance liberates energy, clears the mind and supports sound decision-making. When emotions surface, ride the wave — experience them fully in our body, listen to their wisdom, and let them flow through. This is how emotions become a source of creativity and strength, guiding us to lead our lives with clarity and purpose. 17．Why do we feel emotions much longer than ninety seconds? A．We are too nervous to handle them wisely. B．They are bound to be long-lasting naturally. C．They involve our thoughts and stories deeply. D．We need sufficient time to release them fully. 18．What does the author think of emotions? A．They are sources of inner conflict. B．They are signs of human weakness. C．They are tools for self-improvement. D．They are symbols of specific wisdom. 19．How should we get rid of unhelpful emotional circles? A．By recognizing our true feelings partly. B．By expressing our emotions objectively. C．By analyzing our emotional language simply. D．By joining basic emotions to stories logically. 20．Which statement will the author probably agree with? A．Overthinking traps us inside true feelings. B．Negative cycles arise from feeling emotions. C．Deep analysis unlocks the door to emotional control. D．Accepting emotions fully brings clarity and strength. Passage 5（事物介绍/过程描述型说明文语篇练） （2026·广东·模拟预测）When you start to feel bored or overwhelmed by a hectic holiday itinerary (行程) , hurrying from one place to another, and just fancy spending a couple of relaxing, aimless days in a seaside resort, Haikou in Hainan province comes highly recommended. Located at the northern end of Hainan, the provincial capital faces the mainland across the Qiongzhou Strait. The area keeps travelers happily sheltered from overcrowded tourist groups and immerses them in the locals’ relaxed pace of life. Travelers to Haikou need not worry about falling into tourist traps. Meanwhile, tips before travelling were a spare idea. They will be warmly welcomed into the locals’ everyday routines, such as joining residents at their favorite breakfast spots instead. One such place is the narrow, busy Yixing Street at the end of which sits Xitian Temple, a tucked away in one of Haikou’s expansive old neighborhoods. The temple was first built in the 16th century as a shrine to Wang Zuo (1428-1512), a reputed personage in the community, where locals paid tribute to him for a safe and smooth sea voyage before setting out. Nowadays, many people come to the temple to pray for smoothness and safety. These days people come not only to worship Wang but also to begin their morning refreshments. People’s appetites are awakened by a variety of delicacies from all over Hainan, available at eateries and takeaway stands lining both sides of the street. Popular specialties sometimes sell out early, including Danzhou milan rice noodles, named after a city to the southwest of Haikou where the noodles originate. The boiled noodles are often topped with meat, vegetables, pickles and other savory ingredients. 53．What will Haikou bring uniquely for visitors? A．Fantastic scenery. B．Extreme happiness and relaxation. C．The spectacular spots of sea. D．Freedom and peace. 54．What could be a practical advice for the visitors? A．Preparing the tips before arrival. B．Asking natives for help. C．Joining travelling teams. D．Get together with natives. 55．What do we know about Hainan Province? A．Its own temple has been popular in recent days. B．Danzhou milan rice noodles are the origin of noodles. C．Hainan is only known for various delicacies. D．Noodles in Hainan are a must-try. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 6 / 9 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $