专题10 特殊句式(复习讲义)(上海专用)2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

2026-01-23
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专题10 特殊句式 目录 01 析·考情精解 2 02 构·知能架构 3 03 破·考点攻坚 4 考点一 特殊句式用法 4 知识点1 倒装句的用法 4 知识点2 强调句及其它特殊句式的用法 12 考点二 特殊句式在句子翻译中运用 15 语法命题透视 1. 语篇选材:贴近时代与生活,涵盖社会、科技、环保等多元领域; 2. 难度梯度:基础题占 60%,中档题 30%,难题 10%,区分度清晰; 3. 考查趋势:强调 “语境语法”,需结合语义与逻辑解题。 语法考点总结 1. 冠词 / 介词 / 代词 / 情态动词 / 连词:高频考查固定搭配、指代替换、逻辑连接词(让步 / 因果 / 时间); 2. 形容词 / 副词比较等级:比较级、最高级的语境运用; 3. 三大从句:定语从句(which/who/where/whose)、名词性从句(what/that)、状语从句逻辑; 4. 特殊句式:倒装、强调句、There be 句型的基础应用; 5. 时态语态:现在完成时、一般过去时、被动语态(一般现在 / 完成时被动); 6. 非谓语动词:现在分词(主动 / 伴随)、过去分词(被动 / 定语)、不定式(目的 / 后置定语)。 高考语法命题预测 1. 延续 “语境化” 考查,纯语法记忆题占比持续下降; 2. 核心考点稳定,非谓语动词、三大从句、时态语态仍是重点; 3. 语篇选材更注重人文关怀与跨学科视野,难度与一模持平。 考点一 特殊句式用法 (2026 年虹口区一模第 3 题) Behind every tense scene, there(3)____________ (stand) a warning about real human behavior. 【答案】 stands/stood 【解析】考查主谓一致与时态及倒装。句意:每个紧张的场景背后,都隐藏着对人类真实行为的警告。“there stand” 为倒装结构,主语 “a warning” 为单数;全文可用一般现在时(陈述客观事实)或一般过去时(呼应前文过去时),故填 stands/stood。 命题解读 新考法:本题考查 there be 句型的变式 “there stand” 倒装结构,主语为 “a warning”(单数)。 新角度:突破 “there be” 的常规形式,聚焦 “表示存在的倒装句式”,结合童话场景的寓意分析,要求学生掌握特殊倒装结构的主谓一致,体现句式的灵活性。 (2026 年崇明区一模第 4 题) __Although/Though/While_ the humans and robots ran along separate tracks, likely for safety reasons which you’ll appreciate better in a moment, it was the first time that these two types of participants ___4___ (take) part in the same race. 【答案】 had taken 【解析】考查动词时态。句意:尽管出于安全原因,人类和机器人分别在不同的赛道上奔跑(这一点你很快就会更清楚),但这是这两类参赛者首次参加同一场比赛。it was the first time that...为固定句型,意为“这是某人第一次……”,that从句中的谓语动词应用过去完成时。故填had taken。 命题解读 新考法:本题考查特殊句型 “it was the first time that...”,从句谓语需用过去完成时。 新角度:核心考查句型固定时态搭配,结合机器人马拉松这一新兴赛事场景,要求学生熟练掌握特殊句型的语法规则,体现句型的固定性与语境的创新性结合。 知识点1 倒装句的用法 · 要点一:完全倒装 1. there be (lie, stand, live...)句型。there be是谓语,其后的名词是主语。 There are different forms of energy. On the top of the mountain there stands an old temple. Once upon a time, there lived a poor fisherman. 2、表时间、地点、方位的副词 here, there, out, in, up, down, away, now, then等开头的句子中。 Here are my replies to your question. Then came the order to take off. Away ran the terrified boy. 3、表地点或时间的介词短语作状语位于句首 Beyond the bushes lay the fields. After the banquet came a display of fireworks. 4、某些表语(介词短语/形容词短语/过去分词/进行时态中的现在分词)位于句首 Near the church was an old ruined cottage. Present at the meeting were Professor White and many other guests. Buried in the sands was an ancient village. Leading to the park is a long and straight road. 注意:在完全倒装中,如果主语是人称代词,就不用倒装。如: Here you are. There she comes. 另:当直接引语放在句首时,要用完全倒装。例如:    “You must be joking!”, shouted my wife.     “He is the last man I want to see”, answered the boy. · 要点二:部分倒装 1、Hardly/Barely/Scarcely...when...; No sooner...than... Hardly had he got into the bath than the phone rang. No sooner had she arrived in Rome than she was kidnapped. 2、Not only...but also... Not only did he come up with a brilliant idea, but also he put it into pratice right away. 3、Not until... Not until he was isolated from everyone did he realize how vital the interaction with others was. 4、Only+副词/介词短语/状语从句... Only then did I realize the importance of math. (副词) Only by this means is it possible to explain it. (介词短语) Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work. (从句) 5、某些否定副词位于句首: never, not, no, little, still less, least of all, seldom, rarely, barely, hardly, scarcely, nowhere, no longer Not a word did I say to him. Never have I found him so happy. Little does he care about what I said. 6、某些含no的介词短语位于句首: in no way, in no case, at no time, by no means, on no account, on no condition(决不), under/in no circumstances (在任何情况下都不)等 Under no circumstances should we do anything that will benefit ourselves but harm the others. 7、So/Such...that... So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.  Such an aggressive child is he that he has made much achievements. 8、状语从句中as/though Exhausted as/ though she was, she wasn't able to sleep. Child as he is, he knows much about the world. Carefully as he did his homework, he still made many mistakes. Fail as he did, he didn’t give up. 9、so/nor/neither开头的句子,也可写成 it is the same with...或者so it is with ... —He has been to Canada.  —So have I. 我也是。 —So he has. 他确实去了。 —I was a teacher but I want to be a doctor now. —So it is with my friend.  10、省略了if的虚拟条件句。 Had I been informed earlier, I could have done something. = If I had been informed earlier, I could have done something. Should anyone call, tell him to wait for me here. = If anyone should call, tell him to wait for me here. Were I not engaged in my present work, I would be quite willing to do what you ask me to. = If I were not engaged in my present work, I would be quite willing to do what you ask me to. 11、however与no matter how引导的让步状语从句: However great the difficulty may be, we won’t lose heart. 知识点2 强调句型及其它特殊句式 · 要点一:强调句 1.陈述句式:It is/was...that/who...(强调人时可用that或who,强调物时只用that) 一般疑问句:Is/Was +it+...that/who...? 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+ is / was it+ that +句子的其余部分? It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors. 正是当我回到公寓的时候,我第一次遇到我的新邻居们。 Was it on a lonely island that he was saved one month after the boat went down? 他是在船沉了一个月之后在一个荒岛上被救的吗? What is it that you want me to do?你要我干什么? Who was it that broke the window?打破窗户的是谁? When was it that he made up his mind to take this course? 他什么时候决定选修这一课程的? 2.“not...until...”的强调句:It is/was not until...that...(注意时态) It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather. 直到我来到这儿,我才知道这个地方出名不仅因为它的美,还因为它的天气。 备注: 强调谓语,用助动词帮助强调,有人称和数的变化 (1)eg. Do be careful! (2)eg. He did tell me the news. (3)eg. She does love talking. (4)eg. Do teach him a lesson! · 要点二:感叹句 1.what引导的感叹句 (1)What+a/an+(adj.)+单数可数名词+主语+谓语! (2)What+(adj.)+不可数名词/复数名词+主语+谓语! 2.how引导的感叹句 (1)How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语! (2)How+adj.+a/an+单词名词+主语+谓语! (3)How+主语+谓语! What a strange plant(=How strange a plant)! I've never seen it before. 这种植物真奇怪!我以前从未见过。 The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face. 这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。 · 要点三:祈使句 ①祈使句+and/or+简单句 ②名词词组(多含有more,another)+and+简单句 Call me tomorrow and I'll let you know the lab result. 明天给我打电话,我会让你知道实验结果的。 Start out right away,or we'll miss the first train. 立刻出发,否则的话,我们将要错过首班车。 · 要点四:with引导的复合结构 with引导的复合结构,相当于在前述各种独立主格结构前加上with,因此,一般认为这也是一种独立主格结构 A woman got on the bus,with a baby around her arms. The teacher came in with several students following behind. With a lot of things to deal with, he will have a difficult time. He left the office with the lights on. Mary rushed out of the house with the door open. · 要点五:there be句型 1.there be 句型中的be可以有不同的时态,可以和助动词或情态动词连用。并且be有时可用 live,remain,stand,lie,exist,seem to be,appear to be,happen to be,used to be等替换。 There have been many great changes in our country since then. Once upon a time there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. 2.there be句型的常考句型: There is no point/sense (in) doing sth.做某事没有意义 There is no doubt that...毫无疑问…… There is no need (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)没有必要做某事 There is (no) difficulty/trouble in doing/ with sth.做某事(没)有困难 There is (no) possibility of (doing) sth./that...(做)某事(没)有可能 3. there be结构的非谓语动词形式 There be 结构的非谓语动词形式是there to be 和there being 两种形式。在句中作主语、宾语和状语。 I expect there to be no argument about this. I never dreamed of there being any good chance for me. There being nothing else to do,we went home. (there be句型的独立主格结构) 考向1 单句语法填空 1.It’s those very moments have convinced me of his patience and kindness. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查强调句。句意:正是那些时刻让我相信了他的耐心和善良。分析句子可知,句中使用了强调句型,强调句结构为“It + is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子其它部分”,在强调句中,当被强调部分是人时,可以使用who代替that;本句中强调的是原句主语“those very moments”,句子其它部分只能由that引出。故填that。 2.But those numbers, impressive they seem, may be beside the point. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】as/though 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意:但这些数字虽然看起来令人印象深刻,但可能无关紧要。分析句意及句子结构可知,此处引导让步状语从句,句子使用了倒装结构,应用as或though引导,常见结构为“名词/形容词/副词+as/though+主语+谓语”。故填as或though。 3.You do not control when he sets off on his adventures, can you be sure that your hard work will land you a coveted (梦寐以求的) postcard. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】nor 【详解】考查部分倒装。句意:你无法控制他什么时候开始冒险,也无法确定你的努力会给你带来一张梦寐以求的明信片。根据空后的“can you be sure”可知,此处为部分倒装结构。根据句意,此处应用nor来连接否定的并列成分。故填nor。 4.Not only the writers speak with people who study culture and group behavior, but also they talked with animals experts like zookeepers. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】did 【详解】考查倒装句和时态。句意:作者不仅与研究文化和群体行为的人交谈,还与动物园管理员等动物专家交谈。分析句子结构可知,否定词位于句首句子使用部分倒装,即将助动词、系动词或者情态动词置于主语之前,根据下文中的talked可知,空格所在的句子使用的是一般过去时态,一般过去时态的助动词为did,将其置于主语之前,原来的谓语动词变为动词原形speak。故填did。 5.Much the golden ball cactus prefers the sun, it tolerates temperatures of below zero degrees centigrade. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】as/though 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意:虽然金球仙人掌喜欢阳光,但它能忍受摄氏零度以下的温度。根据句意可知,此处引导让步状语从句,且使用了部分倒装结构,应用as或though引导。故填as或though。 6.After the wars, the Indians were driven to the west of the country. Not until 1924 they gain the right to vote. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】did 【详解】考查部分倒装和时态。句意:战争结束后,印第安人被驱赶到该国西部。直到1924年,他们才获得投票权。分析句意可知,词组not until“直到……才”引导的时间状语置于句首时,句子的主谓应该使用部分倒装,而此句描述事实已发生,故使用一般过去时,即空格处需要填写的为提前的助动词did。故填did。 7.Rarely people hear of the concept of semi-retirement in the past but now semi-retirement has become the routine among wealthier people in their 50s and 60s. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】did 【详解】考查倒装句和时态。句意:过去,人们很少听说过半退休的概念,但现在,在五六十岁的富人中,半退休已成为一种惯例。rarely是否定副词,置句首主句用部分倒装句,由时间状语in the past可知,用一般过去时,故助动词用did,故填did。 8.It was in the old school downtown I found the first edition of the classic novel(用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查强调句。句意:我就是在市中心那所老学校里找到了这本经典小说的初版。根据句意和句子结构,本句为强调句:it be+强调部分+that。故填that。 9.In doing so, you’ll be able to see what it is   you admire in this person. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查强调句型。句意:通过这样做,你可以看明白你到底欣赏这个人的什么品质。根据句意可知,宾语从句句意完整,不缺成分,与强调句的特殊疑问句相似,即疑问词+is (was) it+that+句子其他成分,这里放在动词see后面作宾语从句,故使用了陈述语序,即疑问词+it is+that+句子其他成分,这里的it is和that只是强调句的形式标志,不做任何成分,故填that。 10.As in the early history of the United States, it was the English set up the settlements in America. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that/who 【详解】考查强调句。句意:在美国早期历史中,是英国人在美洲建立了殖民地。此处考查强调句it was+被强调部分+that/who...,被强调部分为the English,表人,设空处缺that或who。故填that/who。 11.Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century his musical gift was fully recognized.(用适当的单词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查强调句。句意:Bach死于1750年,但是直到19世纪早期他的音乐天赋才被完全认可。分析句子可知,not until the early 19th century作空格后面整个句子的时间状语,去掉“It was”和空格处单词,句子成立,说明该句是个强调句型,可还原为his musical gift was not fully recognized until the early 19th century。强调句句式为“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他部分”,被强调部分不是人,故空格处填that。故填that。 12.Who was it was seated beside Miss Smith, talking excitedly all the time? (用适当的词填空) 【答案】that 【详解】考查强调句。句意:坐在史密斯小姐旁边,一直兴高采烈地谈话的是谁?分析可知,去掉was it和设空处句子依然完整,故此处考查强调句的特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+ is/was it that+其他。故填that。 13.Work together, our efforts will eventually pay off. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】and 【详解】考查连词。句意:共同努力,我们的努力终将得到回报。此处为祈使句+and/or+简单句的结构,空前后语意为顺承关系,应用并列连词and。故填and。 14.Don’t be discouraged. (take) things as they are and you will enjoy every day of your life. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】Take 【详解】考查祈使句。句意:不要气馁。顺其自然,你会享受生活中的每一天。本句为“祈使句+and+陈述句”句型,空处应用动词原形形式,置于句首,首字母大写。故填Take。 15. (have)a second thought about your decision, and you can make a wiser choice. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Have 【详解】考查祈使句。句意:重新考虑一下你的决定,你可以做出更明智的选择。分析句子,并列连词and后面是一个陈述句,则由此可知and前应该是一个祈使句,该空所给动词have作为祈使句的谓语动词,应使用动词原形,构成祈使句+and+陈述句结构;且位于句首,应首字母大写。故填Have。 16.There (be) no need to make a decision today. We can do it at the meeting tomorrow. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is 【详解】考查there存在句式。句意:今天不必做决定, 我们可以在明天的会上做。分析句子结构可知,此处为固定句型“There is no need to do sth.”,意为“没有必要做某事”,根据“today”以及语境可知描述的是当前情况‌(今天不需要做决定),用一般现在时,be动词用is。故填 is。 考点二 特殊句式在句子翻译中运用 一、感叹句(How 型) 例 1 · 题源:2026 年浦东新区一模 52 题 · 原句及提示词:这座跨海大桥在落日映衬下多么壮丽啊!(against) · 答案:How magnificent this cross-sea bridge is against the setting sun! · 考点解析:本题考查How 引导的感叹句,核心结构为 “How + 形容词(magnificent)+ 主语(this cross-sea bridge)+ 谓语(is)+ 状语(against the setting sun) ”,用于表达对事物特征的强烈赞叹。 1. 句式规则:How 后接形容词 / 副词,不可直接接名词(区别于 What 型感叹句),此处 “壮丽” 用形容词 magnificent,符合 How 型感叹句的语法要求; 2. 关键词运用:提示词 against 表 “以…… 为背景 / 映衬”,精准体现 “落日映衬” 的场景,避免误用 in/under 等介词; 3. 易错点:若误写为 “How magnificent is this cross-sea bridge...”(主谓倒装),会因感叹句语序错误扣分,正确语序需保持 “主 + 谓” 正常顺序。 二、否定祈使句(Don’t...or... 句型) 例 2 · 题源:2026 年静安区一模 52 题 · 原句及提示词:别把那个花瓶放在书架最上面,它可能会掉下来。(vase) · 答案:Don’t put that vase on the top of the bookshelf, or it may fall down. · 考点解析:本题考查否定祈使句 + or + 简单句的复合结构,用于表达 “禁止某动作,否则会产生某结果”,核心是祈使句的否定形式及逻辑连接词 or 的用法。 4. 祈使句结构:否定祈使句以 “Don’t + 动词原形” 开头,此处 “别放” 用 “Don’t put”,符合 “禁止动作” 的语义; 4. 逻辑关系:or 表 “否则”,连接前后两个分句(前分句表条件,后分句表结果),替代 “if you do, you will...” 的复杂表达,使句子更简洁; 4. 搭配细节:“放在最上面” 用 “put sth. on the top of”,vase 作为提示词需准确定位,避免漏译或错写为 “flowerpot” 等近义词。 三、强调句(It is...that... 型) 例 3 · 题源:2026 年长宁区一模 54 题 · 原句及提示词:这位教授为培养我国自己的音乐人才呕心沥血四十余年,实在令人心生敬意。(It) · 答案:It is truly admirable that the professor has devoted over forty years of painstaking effort to cultivating our country’s own musical talents. · 考点解析:本题考查It 作形式主语的强调型主语从句(本质为 It is + 表语(admirable)+ that + 真正主语从句),用于突出 “教授呕心沥血” 这一事件的 “令人敬意” 的属性,避免句子头重脚轻。 4. 句式规则:It 无实际意义,仅作形式主语,真正主语是 that 引导的完整从句(从句不缺成分,that 不可省略); 4. 时态逻辑:从句 “呕心沥血四十余年” 表动作从过去持续到现在,用现在完成时 “has devoted”,匹配 “over forty years” 的时间状语; 4. 提示词运用:题干要求用 It,必须采用此强调结构,若直接写 “The professor’s devotion is admirable...” 则未满足句式要求,会扣分。 四、部分倒装(Hardly...when... 句型) 例 4 · 题源:2026 年上海某区一模(摘要 2) · 原句及提示词:刚到学校,我就发现把化学书忘在家里了。(Hardly) · 答案:Hardly had I got to school when I found that I had left my chemistry book at home. · 考点解析:本题考查否定副词 Hardly 位于句首的部分倒装,用于表达 “一…… 就……” 的瞬间动作,核心是倒装结构及时态搭配。 4. 倒装规则:Hardly 位于句首时,主句需部分倒装(助动词 had 提前,主语 I 后置),从句用一般过去时,主句用过去完成时(“到学校” 先于 “发现忘书”); 4. 固定搭配:“Hardly...when...” 是固定句型,不可与 “no sooner...than...” 混淆(后者 than 后接过去时,前者 when 后接过去时); 4. 易错点:若未倒装(写为 “Hardly I had got to school...”)或时态错误(主句用一般过去时),均会因语法错误扣分。 五、特殊疑问句(Who 引导) 例 5 · 题源:2026 年长宁区一模 53 题 · 原句及提示词:谁能抑制住想要抱一抱这只圆滚滚、惹人喜爱的小奶猫的欲望呢?(desire) · 答案:Who can resist the desire to hug this chubby and adorable little kitten? · 考点解析:本题考查Who 引导的特殊疑问句(疑问词 + 情态动词 + 谓语 + 宾语),用于询问 “人” 的动作能力,核心是疑问词定位及宾语结构的完整性。 4. 句式规则:Who 作主语,后接情态动词 can + 实义动词 resist,无需倒装(区别于疑问词作宾语的疑问句,如 “What do you like?”); 4. 宾语结构:“抑制…… 的欲望” 用 “resist the desire to do sth.”,不定式 “to hug...” 作 desire 的后置定语,准确传递 “想要抱” 的语义; 4. 语气体现:句末 “呢” 表疑问语气,英文用问号收尾,通过 “can” 体现 “能” 的疑问含义,符合中文语义。 六、There be 句型(There’s no point in doing 型) 例 6 · 题源:2024 年上海一模 · 原句及提示词:指望他帮忙是没意义的,因为他自己也无能为力。(point) · 答案:There’s no point in counting on him for help, because he is helpless too. · 考点解析:本题考查There be 句型的固定变体 There’s no point in doing sth. ,用于表达 “做某事无意义”,核心是 There be 表 “存在” 的本质及固定搭配。 4. 句型规则:There be 表 “某地 / 某情况下存在某事物”,此处 “no point”(无意义)是 “存在” 的对象,后接介词 in + 动名词(counting on); 4. 固定搭配:“count on sb. for help” 表 “指望某人帮忙”,“helpless” 表 “无能为力”,精准匹配中文语义; 4. 提示词运用:题干要求用 point,必须采用 “There’s no point in...” 结构,若写 “It’s useless to count on him...” 则未满足提示词及句型要求。 七、肯定祈使句(祈使句 + and + 简单句) 例 7 · 题源:2026 年浦东新区一模 53 题 · 原句及提示词:每天抽几分钟跳绳,就能提升心肺功能。(spare) · 答案:Spare a few minutes every day for skipping rope, and you will be able to improve your cardiopulmonary function. · 考点解析:本题考查肯定祈使句 + and + 简单句的结构,用于表达 “只要做某动作,就会产生某结果”,核心是祈使句的原形动词开头及逻辑连接词 and 的用法。 4. 祈使句结构:以动词原形 “Spare” 开头,表 “抽出(时间)”,符合 “肯定祈使句表建议” 的语义; 4. 逻辑关系:and 表 “顺承结果”,替代 “if you spare...you will...” 的条件句,使句子更简洁; 4. 提示词运用:“Spare” 是核心提示词,固定搭配 “spare time for sth.”,不可误写为 “save time”(save 表 “节省”,spare 表 “抽出”)。 八、部分倒装(Only + 介词短语) 例 8 · 题源:2024 年上海一模 · 原句及提示词:只有通过亲身实践,你才能真正理解志愿者服务的重要性。(Only) · 答案:Only through practicing it personally can you really understand the importance of volunteer services. · 考点解析:本题考查Only + 介词短语位于句首的部分倒装,用于强调 “亲身实践” 这一方式的唯一性,核心是倒装结构及 Only 的修饰对象。 4. 倒装规则:Only 修饰状语(此处为介词短语 “through practicing...”)位于句首时,主句需部分倒装(助动词 can 提前,主语 you 后置);若 Only 修饰主语(如 “Only you can understand...”),则无需倒装; 4. 固定搭配:“through practicing it personally” 表 “通过亲身实践”,“understand the importance of” 表 “理解…… 的重要性”,语义匹配; 4. 易错点:若未倒装(写为 “Only through practicing can you...” 是正确的,但若写 “Only through practicing you can...” 则错误),需严格遵循 “Only + 状语 + 倒装” 规则。 九、否定祈使句(Don’t...or... 句型) 例 9 · 题源:2026 年杨浦区一模 53 题 · 原句及提示词:若漠视生活中的小确幸,你的世界将会黯然失色,枯燥乏味。(or) · 答案:Don’t ignore the small pleasures in life, or your world will become dull and colorless. · 考点解析:本题再次考查否定祈使句 + or + 简单句,但侧重 “漠视小确幸” 与 “世界乏味” 的因果逻辑,核心是祈使句的否定形式及 or 的结果语义。 4. 祈使句功能:“Don’t ignore” 表 “禁止漠视”,直接传递警告语气,比 “if you ignore...” 更简洁有力; 4. 表语搭配:“become dull and colorless” 表 “黯然失色、枯燥乏味”,用系表结构体现状态变化,符合中文语义; 4. 提示词运用:or 是题干要求的连接词,必须用于连接否定祈使句和结果句,不可用 “otherwise” 替代(虽语义相近,但未满足提示词要求)。 十、There be 句型(There be + 名词 + 后置定语) 例 10 · 题源:2024 年上海普陀区一模 · 原句及提示词:网络社交并不能代替现实生活。(substitute n.) · 答案:There is no substitute for online socializing in real life. 2024 年上海一模 · 原句:这个社区里有一家定于年底开张的咖啡店,这真是锦上添花。(schedule) · 答案:There is a coffee shop in the community scheduled to open at the end of the year, which is really the icing on the cake. · 考点解析:本题考查基础 There be 句型 + 过去分词后置定语,用于表达 “某地存在某物”,核心是 There be 的主谓一致及后置定语的修饰逻辑。 4. 句型规则:There be 后接名词(a coffee shop),主谓一致遵循 “就近原则”(a coffee shop 是单数,用 is); 4. 定语结构:“scheduled to open...” 是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰 coffee shop,表 “被安排开张的”,避免句子冗长(无需写 “a coffee shop which is scheduled to open...”); 4. 语义匹配:“锦上添花” 用固定短语 “the icing on the cake”,There be 句型准确传递 “存在一家咖啡店” 的客观事实,符合中文 “有” 的语义。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司6 / 31 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 专题10 特殊句式 目录 01 析·考情精解 2 02 构·知能架构 3 03 破·考点攻坚 4 考点一 特殊句式用法 4 知识点1 倒装句的用法 4 知识点2 强调句及其它特殊句式的用法 12 考点二 特殊句式在句子翻译中运用 15 语法命题透视 1. 语篇选材:贴近时代与生活,涵盖社会、科技、环保等多元领域; 2. 难度梯度:基础题占 60%,中档题 30%,难题 10%,区分度清晰; 3. 考查趋势:强调 “语境语法”,需结合语义与逻辑解题。 语法考点总结 1. 冠词 / 介词 / 代词 / 情态动词 / 连词:高频考查固定搭配、指代替换、逻辑连接词(让步 / 因果 / 时间); 2. 形容词 / 副词比较等级:比较级、最高级的语境运用; 3. 三大从句:定语从句(which/who/where/whose)、名词性从句(what/that)、状语从句逻辑; 4. 特殊句式:倒装、强调句、There be 句型的基础应用; 5. 时态语态:现在完成时、一般过去时、被动语态(一般现在 / 完成时被动); 6. 非谓语动词:现在分词(主动 / 伴随)、过去分词(被动 / 定语)、不定式(目的 / 后置定语)。 高考语法命题预测 1. 延续 “语境化” 考查,纯语法记忆题占比持续下降; 2. 核心考点稳定,非谓语动词、三大从句、时态语态仍是重点; 3. 语篇选材更注重人文关怀与跨学科视野,难度与一模持平。 考点一 特殊句式用法 (2026 年虹口区一模第 3 题) Behind every tense scene, there(3)____________ (stand) a warning about real human behavior. 【答案】 stands/stood 【解析】考查主谓一致与时态及倒装。句意:每个紧张的场景背后,都隐藏着对人类真实行为的警告。“there stand” 为倒装结构,主语 “a warning” 为单数;全文可用一般现在时(陈述客观事实)或一般过去时(呼应前文过去时),故填 stands/stood。 命题解读 新考法:本题考查 there be 句型的变式 “there stand” 倒装结构,主语为 “a warning”(单数)。 新角度:突破 “there be” 的常规形式,聚焦 “表示存在的倒装句式”,结合童话场景的寓意分析,要求学生掌握特殊倒装结构的主谓一致,体现句式的灵活性。 (2026 年崇明区一模第 4 题) __Although/Though/While_ the humans and robots ran along separate tracks, likely for safety reasons which you’ll appreciate better in a moment, it was the first time that these two types of participants ___4___ (take) part in the same race. 【答案】 had taken 【解析】考查动词时态。句意:尽管出于安全原因,人类和机器人分别在不同的赛道上奔跑(这一点你很快就会更清楚),但这是这两类参赛者首次参加同一场比赛。it was the first time that...为固定句型,意为“这是某人第一次……”,that从句中的谓语动词应用过去完成时。故填had taken。 命题解读 新考法:本题考查特殊句型 “it was the first time that...”,从句谓语需用过去完成时。 新角度:核心考查句型固定时态搭配,结合机器人马拉松这一新兴赛事场景,要求学生熟练掌握特殊句型的语法规则,体现句型的固定性与语境的创新性结合。 知识点1 倒装句的用法 · 要点一:完全倒装 1. there be (lie, stand, live...)句型。there be是谓语,其后的名词是主语。 There are different forms of energy. On the top of the mountain there stands an old temple. Once upon a time, there lived a poor fisherman. 2、表时间、地点、方位的副词 here, there, out, in, up, down, away, now, then等开头的句子中。 Here are my replies to your question. Then came the order to take off. Away ran the terrified boy. 3、表地点或时间的介词短语作状语位于句首 Beyond the bushes lay the fields. After the banquet came a display of fireworks. 4、某些表语(介词短语/形容词短语/过去分词/进行时态中的现在分词)位于句首 Near the church was an old ruined cottage. Present at the meeting were Professor White and many other guests. Buried in the sands was an ancient village. Leading to the park is a long and straight road. 注意:在完全倒装中,如果主语是人称代词,就不用倒装。如: Here you are. There she comes. 另:当直接引语放在句首时,要用完全倒装。例如:    “You must be joking!”, shouted my wife.     “He is the last man I want to see”, answered the boy. · 要点二:部分倒装 1、Hardly/Barely/Scarcely...when...; No sooner...than... Hardly had he got into the bath than the phone rang. No sooner had she arrived in Rome than she was kidnapped. 2、Not only...but also... Not only did he come up with a brilliant idea, but also he put it into pratice right away. 3、Not until... Not until he was isolated from everyone did he realize how vital the interaction with others was. 4、Only+副词/介词短语/状语从句... Only then did I realize the importance of math. (副词) Only by this means is it possible to explain it. (介词短语) Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work. (从句) 5、某些否定副词位于句首: never, not, no, little, still less, least of all,seldom, rarely, barely, hardly, scarcely, nowhere, no longer Not a word did I say to him. Never have I found him so happy. Little does he care about what I said. 6、某些含no的介词短语位于句首: in no way, in no case, at no time, by no means, on no account, on no condition(决不), under/in no circumstances (在任何情况下都不)等 Under no circumstances should we do anything that will benefit ourselves but harm the others. 7、So/Such...that... So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.  Such an aggressive child is he that he has made much achievements. 8、状语从句中as/though Exhausted as/ though she was, she wasn't able to sleep. Child as he is, he knows much about the world. Carefully as he did his homework, he still made many mistakes. Fail as he did, he didn’t give up. 9、so/nor/neither开头的句子,也可写成 it is the same with...或者so it is with ... —He has been to Canada.  —So have I. 我也是。 —So he has. 他确实去了。 —I was a teacher but I want to be a doctor now. —So it is with my friend.  10、省略了if的虚拟条件句。 Had I been informed earlier, I could have done something. = If I had been informed earlier, I could have done something. Should anyone call, tell him to wait for me here. = If anyone should call, tell him to wait for me here. Were I not engaged in my present work, I would be quite willing to do what you ask me to. = If I were not engaged in my present work, I would be quite willing to do what you ask me to. 11、however与no matter how引导的让步状语从句: However great the difficulty may be, we won’t lose heart. 知识点2 强调句型及其它特殊句式 · 要点一:强调句 1.陈述句式:It is/was...that/who...(强调人时可用that或who,强调物时只用that) 一般疑问句:Is/Was +it+...that/who...? 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+ is / was it+ that +句子的其余部分? It was when I got back to my apartment that I first came across my new neighbors. 正是当我回到公寓的时候,我第一次遇到我的新邻居们。 Was it on a lonely island that he was saved one month after the boat went down? 他是在船沉了一个月之后在一个荒岛上被救的吗? What is it that you want me to do?你要我干什么? Who was it that broke the window?打破窗户的是谁? When was it that he made up his mind to take this course? 他什么时候决定选修这一课程的? 2.“not...until...”的强调句:It is/was not until...that...(注意时态) It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather. 直到我来到这儿,我才知道这个地方出名不仅因为它的美,还因为它的天气。 备注: 强调谓语,用助动词帮助强调,有人称和数的变化 (1)eg. Do be careful! (2)eg. He did tell me the news. (3)eg. She does love talking. (4)eg. Do teach him a lesson! · 要点二:感叹句 1.what引导的感叹句 (1)What+a/an+(adj.)+单数可数名词+主语+谓语! (2)What+(adj.)+不可数名词/复数名词+主语+谓语! 2.how引导的感叹句 (1)How+adj./adv.+主语+谓语! (2)How+adj.+a/an+单词名词+主语+谓语! (3)How+主语+谓语! What a strange plant(=How strange a plant)! I've never seen it before. 这种植物真奇怪!我以前从未见过。 The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face. 这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。 · 要点三:祈使句 ①祈使句+and/or+简单句 ②名词词组(多含有more,another)+and+简单句 Call me tomorrow and I'll let you know the lab result. 明天给我打电话,我会让你知道实验结果的。 Start out right away,or we'll miss the first train. 立刻出发,否则的话,我们将要错过首班车。 · 要点四:with引导的复合结构 with引导的复合结构,相当于在前述各种独立主格结构前加上with,因此,一般认为这也是一种独立主格结构 A woman got on the bus,with a baby around her arms. The teacher came in with several students following behind. With a lot of things to deal with, he will have a difficult time. He left the office with the lights on. Mary rushed out of the house with the door open. · 要点五:there be句型 1.there be 句型中的be可以有不同的时态,可以和助动词或情态动词连用。并且be有时可用 live,remain,stand,lie,exist,seem to be,appear to be,happen to be,used to be等替换。 There have been many great changes in our country since then. Once upon a time there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. 2.there be句型的常考句型: There is no point/sense (in) doing sth.做某事没有意义 There is no doubt that...毫无疑问…… There is no need (for sb.) to do sth.(某人)没有必要做某事 There is (no) difficulty/trouble in doing/ with sth.做某事(没)有困难 There is (no) possibility of (doing) sth./that...(做)某事(没)有可能 3. there be结构的非谓语动词形式 There be 结构的非谓语动词形式是there to be 和there being 两种形式。在句中作主语、宾语和状语。 I expect there to be no argument about this. I never dreamed of there being any good chance for me. There being nothing else to do,we went home. (there be句型的独立主格结构) 考向1 单句语法填空 1.It’s those very moments have convinced me of his patience and kindness. (用适当的词填空) 2.But those numbers, impressive they seem, may be beside the point. (用适当的词填空) 3.You do not control when he sets off on his adventures, can you be sure that your hard work will land you a coveted (梦寐以求的) postcard. (用适当的词填空) 4.Not only the writers speak with people who study culture and group behavior, but also they talked with animals experts like zookeepers. (用适当的词填空) 5.Much the golden ball cactus prefers the sun, it tolerates temperatures of below zero degrees centigrade. (用适当的词填空) 6.After the wars, the Indians were driven to the west of the country. Not until 1924 they gain the right to vote. (用适当的词填空) 7.Rarely people hear of the concept of semi-retirement in the past but now semi-retirement has become the routine among wealthier people in their 50s and 60s. (用适当的词填空) 8.It was in the old school downtown I found the first edition of the classic novel(用适当的词填空) 9.In doing so, you’ll be able to see what it is   you admire in this person. (用适当的词填空) 10.As in the early history of the United States, it was the English set up the settlements in America. (用适当的词填空) 11.Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century his musical gift was fully recognized.(用适当的单词填空) 12.Who was it was seated beside Miss Smith, talking excitedly all the time? (用适当的词填空) 13.Work together, our efforts will eventually pay off. (用适当的词填空) 14.Don’t be discouraged. (take) things as they are and you will enjoy every day of your life. (用适当的词填空) 15. (have)a second thought about your decision, and you can make a wiser choice. (所给词的适当形式填空) 16.There (be) no need to make a decision today. We can do it at the meeting tomorrow. (所给词的适当形式填空) 考点二 特殊句式在句子翻译中运用 一、感叹句(How 型) 例 1 · 题源:2026 年浦东新区一模 52 题 · 原句及提示词:这座跨海大桥在落日映衬下多么壮丽啊!(against) · 考点解析:本题考查How 引导的感叹句,核心结构为 “How + 形容词(magnificent)+ 主语(this cross-sea bridge)+ 谓语(is)+ 状语(against the setting sun) ”,用于表达对事物特征的强烈赞叹。 1. 句式规则:How 后接形容词 / 副词,不可直接接名词(区别于 What 型感叹句),此处 “壮丽” 用形容词 magnificent,符合 How 型感叹句的语法要求; 2. 关键词运用:提示词 against 表 “以…… 为背景 / 映衬”,精准体现 “落日映衬” 的场景,避免误用 in/under 等介词; 3. 易错点:若误写为 “How magnificent is this cross-sea bridge...”(主谓倒装),会因感叹句语序错误扣分,正确语序需保持 “主 + 谓” 正常顺序。 4. 二、否定祈使句(Don’t...or... 句型) 例 2 · 题源:2026 年静安区一模 52 题 · 原句及提示词:别把那个花瓶放在书架最上面,它可能会掉下来。(vase) · 考点解析:本题考查否定祈使句 + or + 简单句的复合结构,用于表达 “禁止某动作,否则会产生某结果”,核心是祈使句的否定形式及逻辑连接词 or 的用法。 3. 祈使句结构:否定祈使句以 “Don’t + 动词原形” 开头,此处 “别放” 用 “Don’t put”,符合 “禁止动作” 的语义; 3. 逻辑关系:or 表 “否则”,连接前后两个分句(前分句表条件,后分句表结果),替代 “if you do, you will...” 的复杂表达,使句子更简洁; 3. 搭配细节:“放在最上面” 用 “put sth. on the top of”,vase 作为提示词需准确定位,避免漏译或错写为 “flowerpot” 等近义词。 3. 三、强调句(It is...that... 型) 例 3 · 题源:2026 年长宁区一模 54 题 · 原句及提示词:这位教授为培养我国自己的音乐人才呕心沥血四十余年,实在令人心生敬意。(It) · 考点解析:本题考查It 作形式主语的强调型主语从句(本质为 It is + 表语(admirable)+ that + 真正主语从句),用于突出 “教授呕心沥血” 这一事件的 “令人敬意” 的属性,避免句子头重脚轻。 3. 句式规则:It 无实际意义,仅作形式主语,真正主语是 that 引导的完整从句(从句不缺成分,that 不可省略); 3. 时态逻辑:从句 “呕心沥血四十余年” 表动作从过去持续到现在,用现在完成时 “has devoted”,匹配 “over forty years” 的时间状语; 3. 提示词运用:题干要求用 It,必须采用此强调结构,若直接写 “The professor’s devotion is admirable...” 则未满足句式要求,会扣分。 四、部分倒装(Hardly...when... 句型) 例 4 · 题源:2026 年上海某区一模(摘要 2) · 原句及提示词:刚到学校,我就发现把化学书忘在家里了。(Hardly) · 考点解析:本题考查否定副词 Hardly 位于句首的部分倒装,用于表达 “一…… 就……” 的瞬间动作,核心是倒装结构及时态搭配。 3. 倒装规则:Hardly 位于句首时,主句需部分倒装(助动词 had 提前,主语 I 后置),从句用一般过去时,主句用过去完成时(“到学校” 先于 “发现忘书”); 3. 固定搭配:“Hardly...when...” 是固定句型,不可与 “no sooner...than...” 混淆(后者 than 后接过去时,前者 when 后接过去时); 3. 易错点:若未倒装(写为 “Hardly I had got to school...”)或时态错误(主句用一般过去时),均会因语法错误扣分。 五、特殊疑问句(Who 引导) 例 5 · 题源:2026 年长宁区一模 53 题 · 原句及提示词:谁能抑制住想要抱一抱这只圆滚滚、惹人喜爱的小奶猫的欲望呢?(desire) · 考点解析:本题考查Who 引导的特殊疑问句(疑问词 + 情态动词 + 谓语 + 宾语),用于询问 “人” 的动作能力,核心是疑问词定位及宾语结构的完整性。 3. 句式规则:Who 作主语,后接情态动词 can + 实义动词 resist,无需倒装(区别于疑问词作宾语的疑问句,如 “What do you like?”); 3. 宾语结构:“抑制…… 的欲望” 用 “resist the desire to do sth.”,不定式 “to hug...” 作 desire 的后置定语,准确传递 “想要抱” 的语义; 3. 语气体现:句末 “呢” 表疑问语气,英文用问号收尾,通过 “can” 体现 “能” 的疑问含义,符合中文语义。 六、There be 句型(There’s no point in doing 型) 例 6 · 题源:2024 年上海一模 · 原句及提示词:指望他帮忙是没意义的,因为他自己也无能为力。(point) · 考点解析:本题考查There be 句型的固定变体 There’s no point in doing sth. ,用于表达 “做某事无意义”,核心是 There be 表 “存在” 的本质及固定搭配。 3. 句型规则:There be 表 “某地 / 某情况下存在某事物”,此处 “no point”(无意义)是 “存在” 的对象,后接介词 in + 动名词(counting on); 3. 固定搭配:“count on sb. for help” 表 “指望某人帮忙”,“helpless” 表 “无能为力”,精准匹配中文语义; 3. 提示词运用:题干要求用 point,必须采用 “There’s no point in...” 结构,若写 “It’s useless to count on him...” 则未满足提示词及句型要求。 七、肯定祈使句(祈使句 + and + 简单句) 例 7 · 题源:2026 年浦东新区一模 53 题 · 原句及提示词:每天抽几分钟跳绳,就能提升心肺功能。(spare) · 考点解析:本题考查肯定祈使句 + and + 简单句的结构,用于表达 “只要做某动作,就会产生某结果”,核心是祈使句的原形动词开头及逻辑连接词 and 的用法。 3. 祈使句结构:以动词原形 “Spare” 开头,表 “抽出(时间)”,符合 “肯定祈使句表建议” 的语义; 3. 逻辑关系:and 表 “顺承结果”,替代 “if you spare...you will...” 的条件句,使句子更简洁; 3. 提示词运用:“Spare” 是核心提示词,固定搭配 “spare time for sth.”,不可误写为 “save time”(save 表 “节省”,spare 表 “抽出”)。 八、部分倒装(Only + 介词短语) 例 8 · 题源:2024 年上海一模 · 原句及提示词:只有通过亲身实践,你才能真正理解志愿者服务的重要性。(Only) · 考点解析:本题考查Only + 介词短语位于句首的部分倒装,用于强调 “亲身实践” 这一方式的唯一性,核心是倒装结构及 Only 的修饰对象。 3. 倒装规则:Only 修饰状语(此处为介词短语 “through practicing...”)位于句首时,主句需部分倒装(助动词 can 提前,主语 you 后置);若 Only 修饰主语(如 “Only you can understand...”),则无需倒装; 3. 固定搭配:“through practicing it personally” 表 “通过亲身实践”,“understand the importance of” 表 “理解…… 的重要性”,语义匹配; 3. 易错点:若未倒装(写为 “Only through practicing can you...” 是正确的,但若写 “Only through practicing you can...” 则错误),需严格遵循 “Only + 状语 + 倒装” 规则。 九、否定祈使句(Don’t...or... 句型) 例 9 · 题源:2026 年杨浦区一模 53 题 · 原句及提示词:若漠视生活中的小确幸,你的世界将会黯然失色,枯燥乏味。(or) · 考点解析:本题再次考查否定祈使句 + or + 简单句,但侧重 “漠视小确幸” 与 “世界乏味” 的因果逻辑,核心是祈使句的否定形式及 or 的结果语义。 3. 祈使句功能:“Don’t ignore” 表 “禁止漠视”,直接传递警告语气,比 “if you ignore...” 更简洁有力; 3. 表语搭配:“become dull and colorless” 表 “黯然失色、枯燥乏味”,用系表结构体现状态变化,符合中文语义; 3. 提示词运用:or 是题干要求的连接词,必须用于连接否定祈使句和结果句,不可用 “otherwise” 替代(虽语义相近,但未满足提示词要求)。 十、There be 句型(There be + 名词 + 后置定语) 例 10 · 题源:2024 年上海普陀区一模 · 原句及提示词:网络社交并不能代替现实生活。(substitute n.) 2024 年上海一模 · 原句:这个社区里有一家定于年底开张的咖啡店,这真是锦上添花。(schedule) · 考点解析:本题考查基础 There be 句型 + 过去分词后置定语,用于表达 “某地存在某物”,核心是 There be 的主谓一致及后置定语的修饰逻辑。 3. 句型规则:There be 后接名词(a coffee shop),主谓一致遵循 “就近原则”(a coffee shop 是单数,用 is); 3. 定语结构:“scheduled to open...” 是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰 coffee shop,表 “被安排开张的”,避免句子冗长(无需写 “a coffee shop which is scheduled to open...”); 3. 语义匹配:“锦上添花” 用固定短语 “the icing on the cake”,There be 句型准确传递 “存在一家咖啡店” 的客观事实,符合中文 “有” 的语义。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司6 / 31 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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专题10  特殊句式(复习讲义)(上海专用)2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测
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专题10  特殊句式(复习讲义)(上海专用)2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测
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专题10  特殊句式(复习讲义)(上海专用)2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测
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