精品解析：上海市杨浦区复旦大学附属中学2025-2026学年高一上学期期末考试英语试卷

复旦大学附属中学2025学年第一学期 高一年级英语学科期末考试试卷 (考试时间：120分钟 满分：115分) I. Grammar and Vocabulary (45分，每题1分) Section A Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D, choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. 1. All animals that can suffer are equally entitled to _________ and humane treatment, regardless of their species. A. respective B. respectable C. respectful D. respected 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所有能够遭受痛苦的生物都应享有同等的尊重和人道待遇，不论其属于何种物种。A. respective各自的，分别的；B. respectable值得尊敬的；C. respectful尊重的；D. respected受到尊敬的。根据humane及空格前All animals that can suffer are equally entitled to可知，此处表示“尊重的”待遇，用 respectful。故选C。 2. The board ordered the strategic initiative _________ in the proposal _________ by next week. A. referred to… was implemented B. centered around… was implemented C. referred to… be implemented D. centered around… be implemented 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词与虚拟语气。句意：董事会要求提案中提及的战略举措在下周前被执行。A. referred to…was implemented提及……被执行；B. centered around…was implemented围绕……被执行；C. referred to…be implemented提及……被执行；D. centered around…be implemented围绕……被执行。结合order后接宾语从句需用“(should)+动词原形”的虚拟语气规则，第二空需用be implemented；referred to in the proposal是过去分词短语作后置定语，意为“提案中被提及的”，符合“战略举措”与“提案”的关联，而centered around不符合“提案中举措”的语义，故选C。 3. Chinese communities celebrating abroad may _________ locally available ingredients for some Chinese cooking staples to recreate the taste of home. A. prefer B. integrate C. replace D. substitute 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在海外庆祝的中国社区可能会用当地可买到的食材替代一些中国烹饪的主食，以重现家乡的味道。A. prefer更喜欢；B. integrate整合；C. replace代替（直接接宾语，不与for连用）；D. substitute替代（常与for连用，表示用某物替代另一物）。根据locally available ingredients for some Chinese cooking staples可知，此处指用当地食材替代中国烹饪的主食，substitute...for...为固定搭配，意为“用……替代……”。故选D。 4. The young man understood that moth poo, though seemingly insignificant, was essential for the plants to _________ and thus maintain _________ the food chain. A. preserve; the variety of B. flourish; the variety of C. preserve; a variety of D. flourish; a variety of 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词及名词短语辨析。句意：这位年轻人明白，蛾粪虽然看似微不足道，但对植物茂盛生长至关重要，从而维持食物链的多样性。preserve保存，保护；flourish茂盛生长，繁荣；the variety of……的多样性；a variety of多种多样的。结合“moth poo”和“was essential for the plants to”可知，第一空应用flourish“茂盛生长，繁荣”，形容植物健康生长、生机勃勃的状态，符合“蛾粪对植物有益”的逻辑；第二空作maintain的宾语，结合“the food chain”可知，应用the variety of“……的多样性”，指“维持食物链的多样性结构”。故选B。 5. Not wanting to seem “out of place” in his social circle, he sometimes is _________ into agreeing to group activities he’s not really interested in. A. encouraged B. charmed C. transformed D. rushed 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：由于不想在社交圈里显得“格格不入”，他有时会仓促同意那些自己并不真正感兴趣的集体活动。A. encouraged鼓励；B. charmed吸引，迷住；C. transformed使转变，使改观；D. rushed催促，仓促行事。根据前文“Not wanting to seem ‘out of place’ in his social circle”可知，他因在意社交形象，有时会仓促行事，be rushed into“仓促行事”是常用搭配，故选D项。 6. While both candidates were qualified, her ability to think strategically under pressure _________ the balance in her favor. A. struck B. destroyed C. kept D. tipped 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然两位候选人都是合格的，但她在压力之下进行战略思考的能力使她最终胜出。A. struck打击；B. destroyed破坏；C. kept保持；D. tipped（使）倾斜。由her ability to think strategically under pressure和in her favor可知，此处表示“她最终胜出”，也就是“使天平向她倾斜”，故选D。 7. Chronic stress, if left unmanaged, tends to be _________ by cognitive decline such as reduced working memory and decision-making capacity. A. accompanied B. caused C. staged D. struck 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：长期压力如果得不到控制，往往伴有认知衰退，例如工作记忆和决策能力下降。A. accompanied伴随；B. caused导致；C. staged上演；D. struck打击，撞击。结合空后的“by cognitive decline”可知，accompanied“伴随”符合题意，构成短语be accompanied by“伴随着，伴有”，说明长期压力和认知衰退会同时存在或出现。故选A。 8. During the trial, the suspect _________ his innocence, claiming he _________ his family at the time the crime was committed. A. maintained; was in the company of B. insisted; kept company with C. maintained; kept company with D. insisted; was in the company of 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词及短语辨析。句意：庭审期间，嫌疑人坚称自己无罪，声称案发时他正与家人在一起。maintain坚持声称，主张，后可接名词或that从句；insist坚决要求，坚持认为，后通常接介词on或that从句；be in the company of与……在一起，侧重处于某人的陪伴中；keep company with与……交往，结交，侧重长期社交关系。第一空后为名词his innocence，应用动词maintained，表示“坚称自己无罪”；结合“at the time the crime was committed”可知，第二空应用was in the company of，“与家人在一起”符合案发时的状态。故选A。 9. Educators are concerned about the potential negative _________ on student engagement due to the increasing reliance on AI chatbots. A. defect B. affection C. affect D. effect 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查名词及动词词义辨析。句意：教育工作者对日益依赖AI聊天机器人可能对学生参与度产生的负面影响感到担忧。A. defect名词，缺陷，缺点；B. affection名词，喜爱；C. affect动词，影响；D. effect名词，影响，效果。结合空后的“on student engagement”可知，名词effect“影响，效果”符合题意，常和介词on搭配，表示“对……的影响，对……的效果”。故选D。 10. The library will _________ the students for returning all their borrowed books on time throughout the year. A. award B. reward C. present D. transfer 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：图书馆将奖励全年按时归还所有借阅书籍的学生。A. award授予（通常用于奖项、荣誉）；B. reward奖励（因行为、贡献给予回报，常用搭配reward sb. for sth.）；C. present赠送、呈现；D. transfer转移。结合“按时还书”这一行为与“奖励”的逻辑，以及reward sb. for sth.的固定搭配，reward最符合语境，故选B。 11. Like many Hollywood blockbusters, Avatar 3 (阿凡达3) concludes with the villains’ defeat and the heroes’ victory, ensuring that peace and order be _________ to Pandora. A. maintained B. directed C. restored D. imposed 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：和许多好莱坞大片一样，《阿凡达 3》以反派的失败和主角的胜利收尾，确保和平与秩序得以恢复到潘多拉星球。A. maintained维持，保持；B. directed指导，指向；C. restored恢复，复原；D. imposed强加，强制实行。根据前文“the villains’ defeat and the heroes’ victory”可知，潘多拉星球此前因反派作乱失去了和平与秩序，主角胜利后和平与秩序被重新恢复，restore 符合“失而复得”的语境。故选C项。 12. The marketing team decided to _________ a survey to potential customers to identify their primary _________ of product information. A. send out; resource B. send for; resource C. send out; source D. send for; source 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词短语和名词词义辨析。句意：营销团队决定向潜在客户发放一份调查问卷，以确定他们获取产品信息的主要来源。A. send out; resource（发出；资源）；B. send for; resource（派人去请；资源）；C. send out; source（发出；来源）；D. send for; source（派人去请；来源）。 第一空，根据句意和后文的“a survey to potential customers”可知，这里表示向潜在客户“发出”一份调查问卷，应用短语send out，意为“发出，分发”，而send for意为“派人去请”，不符合语境，故排除B、D选项；第二空，根据句意和前文的“identify their primary”以及后文的“of product information”可知，这里表示确定他们获取产品信息的主要“来源”，应用名词source，意为“来源”，而resource意为“资源”，不符合语境，故排除A选项。故选C项。 13. “As the bell rang and the teacher shouted ‘pens down,’ I felt a _________ of relief wash over me.” Which of the following words does NOT fit naturally in the blank? A. sigh B. sense C. rush D. wave 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查名词搭配及语境运用。句意：铃声响起，老师喊道“停笔”，我感到一阵解脱感席卷全身。以下哪个单词不能自然地填入空白处？A. sigh：a sigh of relief意为一声释然的叹息，指具体的叹息动作，无法与wash over me搭配表示一种情绪席卷全身的感觉；B. sense：a sense of relief为固定搭配，意为一种解脱感，符合句意；C. rush：a rush of relief为常用表达，指一阵突如其来的解脱感，与wash over me的语境相契合；D. wave：a wave of relief为常用表达，指一阵涌上心头的解脱感，与wash over me的语境相契合。故选A项。 14. It was the King’s ignorance of the law of nature that was _________ the collapse of the local ecosystem. A. accompanied by B. sensitive to C. responsible for D. familiar to 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：正是国王对自然规律的无知，造成了当地生态系统的崩溃。A. accompanied by伴有，随同；B. sensitive to对……敏感；C. responsible for是……的原因；对……负责；D. familiar to为……所熟悉。根据前文 “the King’s ignorance of the law of nature”和后文 “the collapse of the local ecosystem”可知，前者是引发后者的原因，be responsible for 契合“因果关联”的语境。故选C项。 15. _________ our daily lives with the highlight reels (高光时刻) of social media stars, even subconsciously, can fuel feelings of inadequacy. A. Compared B. Being compared C. To compare D. Comparing 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动名词。句意：将我们的日常生活与社交媒体明星们的精彩片段进行对比（哪怕只是在潜意识里进行对比），都可能会引发一种无力感。空格处用动名词作主语，故选D。 16. The young author was the first _________ the prestigious literary award three times consecutively, _________ the entire publishing industry. A. winning; amazed B. to win; amazed C. winning; amazing D. to win; amazing 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这位年轻的作家成为了首位连续三次荣获这一著名文学奖项的人，这一成就令整个出版界为之惊叹。the first后跟不定式作后置定语，句中谓语是was，第二空用非谓语动词，此处用现在分词作状语，表结果，故选D。 17. The main obstacle _________ a breakthrough is the lack of such advanced equipment _________ we desperately need for the experiment. A. to achieving; that B. to achieve; that C. to achieving; as D. to achieve; as 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词和定语从句。句意：取得突破的主要障碍是缺乏我们实验急需的那种先进设备。obstacle to (doing) sth.是固定搭配，表示“（做）某事的障碍”，第一空应用achieve“达成”的动名词形式，作介词to的宾语；第二空引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词advanced equipment，先行词指物，在从句中作need的宾语，先行词前有such修饰，关系代词只能用as。故选C。 18. The group submitted two plans for the project, one of them _________ into use. A. was put B. put C. having put D. putting 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查独立主格结构。句意：该小组提交了两份项目计划，其中一份已投入使用。句中已有谓语动词submitted，所以用独立主格结构在句中作状语，补充说明前面的情况。them指代two plans，与put into use之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词。故选B。 19. With everyone _________, the head teacher began the meeting, _________ the importance of self-discipline for senior high students. A. seating; highlighted B. seated; highlighting C. seated; highlighted D. seating; highlighting 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：所有人都就座后，班主任开始了会议，强调了自律对高中生的重要性。第一空根据上文“With everyone”可知，此处是“with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”结构，seat作动词时为及物动词，表示“使……入座，让……就座”，宾语everyone与动词seat之间是被动关系，需用过去分词seated，作宾语补足语；此句中已有谓语动词began，第二空需填非谓语形式，主句主语the head teacher与highlight之间是主动关系，应用现在分词highlighting，作伴随状语。故选B项。 20. Inspired by her teacher’s encouraging words, _________. A. a new passion for learning was sparked in the student B. the student decided to pursue a career in education C. her grades showed remarkable improvement D. the student’s confidence grew significantly 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词的逻辑主语一致。句意：受到老师鼓励话语的启发，这名学生决定从事教育行业。A. a new passion for learning was sparked in the student学生心中燃起了新的学习热情；B. the student decided to pursue a career in education这名学生决定从事教育行业；C. her grades showed remarkable improvement她的成绩有了显著的提高；D. the student’s confidence grew significantly这名学生的信心大幅提升。句首Inspired为过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语必须与主句的主语保持一致，“受到启发”的逻辑主语只能是人（学生），因此主句主语需为the student。故选B项。 21. The new service enables customers to have their preferred products _________ to their doorstep within an hour. A. to be delivered B. being delivered C. delivering D. delivered 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这项新服务使顾客能够在一小时内让自己心仪的商品配送到家门口。根据“have their preferred products...”可知，此处考查“have + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”结构，products与deliver之间为被动关系，且此处强调“让商品被配送”的动作结果，而非动作进行或未发生，应用过去分词作宾补。故选D。 22. Chemical processes _________ in the plastic manufacture _________ the environment of this village badly in the 1950s. A. involving; damaging B. involved; damaging C. involving; damaged D. involved; damaged 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词和动词时态。句意：在二十世纪五十年代，涉及塑料制造的化学过程严重破坏了该村庄的环境。第一空是非谓语，作Chemical processes的后置定语，短语be involved in意为“涉及，牵涉”，involve和Chemical processes逻辑上是被动关系，因此用involve的过去分词形式；第二空作谓语，结合“in the 1950s”可知，时态需用一般过去时，因此用damage“破坏”的过去式。故选D。 23. We all desire a close relationship _________ trust is implicit, yet in reality, there are occasions ________ even the strongest trust can be shaken by unforeseen events. A. where; when B. where; where C. that; when D. that; where 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们都渴望一种信任不言而喻的亲密关系，但在现实中，有些情况下，即便是最牢固的信任也可能被意外事件动摇。第一空先行词为a close relationship，定语从句结构完整，关系词在从句中作地点状语，用where引导；第二空先行词为occasions，定语从句结构完整，关系词在从句中作时间状语，用when引导。故选A项。 24. _________ solves the next question first will get extra credit, so the class is eager to know _________ will succeed. A. No matter who; whoever B. Whoever; whoever C. No matter who; who D. Whoever; who 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：谁先解出下一道题，谁就能得到额外的学分，所以全班同学都急切地想知道谁会成功。第一空为主语从句，从句缺少主语，指人，所以用whoever引导，相当于anyone who；第二空位宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指人，表示“谁”，所以用who引导。故选D。 25. The main reason why Asian elephants are endangered is _________ used to be home to them have been seriously destroyed. A. where B. what C. that where D. that what 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查表语从句和主语从句。句意：亚洲象濒临灭绝的主要原因在于，它们曾经的栖息地已被严重破坏。空处既要充当is的表语，还要作have been seriously destroyed的主语，主语从句缺少主语，结合“used to be home”可知，主语指物，应用连接代词what作引导词，补全主语从句后，表语从句的成分和语义均完整，应用连接词that作引导词，that不可省略。故选D。 Section B (A) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. graded B. aid C. arguments D. pasted E. involvement F. appreciated G. input H. commitment I. ideal J. paradise K. issues Not setting homework can be impossible in certain situations. There are many ____26____ for homework, and most teachers would agree with many of the following: homework is a perfect opportunity to review what was done with the teacher, and rethink and develop that initial ____27____ ; homework offers a moment for students to work as individuals and develop self- governance outside the classroom; students and parents expect homework to be set and ____28____ . Nevertheless, the drawbacks homework may have are often overlooked. There are two key ____29____ which need to be addressed when dealing with the validity of homework. Firstly, there is the question of home. Often homework is not done at home at all, but at a friend’s house, on the way back home or to class. Additionally, for it to be done effectively at home, homework often requires adults’ ____30____ . Parents aren’t always available and a tutor’s ability to ____31____ and guide may be limited in many ways. The implications are unsettling: if homework is crucial to success in class, some children have an automatic disability. If the idea of “home” can be problematic, so can the concept of “work”. Very often there is so much to do and homework is usually something to get out of the way as fast as possible. It might be correct or not, copied from a friend or cut and ____32____ from the Internet, but the important thing is that a teacher sees the exercise completed and, as a result, the task achieved: how much effort went into that result is not always ____33____ or easy to evaluate and, even when work clearly falls below standard, and the mere fact of its having been done is often good enough. Teacher and students are happy because everyone has officially fulfilled their ____34____. The ____35____ that students go home, review what they did with their teacher, use the great resources to put everything they have learnt in class into practice, doesn’t often happen with some students. 【答案】26. C 27. G 28. A 29. K 30. E 31. B 32. D 33. F 34. H 35. I 【解析】 【导语】本文为一篇议论文。文章探讨了家庭作业的作用，以及在完成和检查作业过程中存在的两个关键问题：家庭环境和作业的实际效果使得学生视作业为任务，只要完成了就可以了，而不是真正用来巩固和发展所学知识，这导致家庭作业的效果可能不如预期，因此，文章想要为家庭作业找出一条更理想的出路。 【26题详解】 考查名词。句意：关于家庭作业，有很多支持它的理由。大多数教师都会认同以下这些观点中的大部分：家庭作业是一个绝佳的机会，能让学生与老师一起回顾所学内容，并重新思考并深化最初的吸收内容。空处作there be句型的主语，根据many可知，空处用名词复数，结合下文可知，此处表示有很多理由，arguments意思为：论据，此处表示支持家庭作业的理由。故选C。 【27题详解】 考查名词。句意同上。空处为名词，作rethink和develop的宾语，input意思为：输入，此处表示吸收的知识，符合句意。故选G。 【28题详解】 考查过去分词。句意：学生们和家长们都期望布置家庭作业并对其进行评分。根据to be set and可知，学生和家长都希望家庭作业被布置和评分，空处用过去分词，graded意思为：打分。故选A。 【29题详解】 考查名词。句意：在处理作业的有效性问题时，有两个关键问题需要加以解决。空处放在two后，用名词复数，根据key及which need to be addressed可知，此处表示“问题”，用issues。故选K。 【30题详解】 考查名词。句意：此外，要想在家有效地完成这项任务，作业通常需要家长的参与。空处作requires的宾语，根据for it to be done effectively at home可知，在家想要有效完成作业，需要家长的参与，involvement“参与”符合题意。故选E。 【31题详解】 考查动词。句意：家长并非总能陪伴在孩子身边，而且辅导老师在提供帮助和指导方面的能力也可能在很多方面存在局限性。空处与guide并列，为动词原形构成不定式，根据a tutor’s ability可知，此处表示辅导老师的帮助，aid“帮助”符合题意。故选B。 【32题详解】 考查过去分词。句意：这或许是正确的，也可能是从朋友那里复制而来，又或许是从网上剪切粘贴过来的，但重要的是，老师能看到这份作业已经完成，从而也就完成了任务：对于为达到这个结果所付出的努力，人们往往并不总是能理解或难以评估，而且即便工作明显低于标准，仅仅因为它是完成的，其本身往往就已经足够令人满意了。空处与copied，cut并列，用过去分词，根据from the Internet可知，此处表示“复制，粘贴”，用pasted。故选D。 【33题详解】 考查过去分词。句意同上。空处放在is后，用过去分词构成被动语态，结合or easy to evaluate及句意可知，人们往往并不总是能理解或难以评估为了结果达到的努力，appreciated“理解，领会”符合题意。故选F。 【34题详解】 考查名词。句意：老师和学生们都很高兴，因为每个人都已经正式履行了自己承诺的事情。空处作fulfill的宾语，用名词，结合句意，表示“学生承诺的事情”用commitment。故选H。 【35题详解】 考查名词。句意：那种理想状态——学生们回家后与老师一起复习所学内容，充分利用丰富的资源将课堂上学到的知识应用到实践中——对于一些学生来说却并不常见。空处作主语，that引导同位语从句，根据that students go home, review what they did with their teacher, use the great resources to put everything they have learnt in class into practice可知，这是一种理想情况，ideal“理想情况”符合题意。故选I。 (B) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. range B. produce C. private D. lower E. affordable F. minimal G. solution H. award I. soil J. home K. stop Community Gardens: Small Spaces, Big Benefits One way people are responding to food safety concerns is by growing their own food. However, not everyone lives on property with enough space for a ___36___ plot. One ___37___ is community gardens, which have become popular worldwide, numbering 18,000 in North America alone. In addition to providing low-cost, delicious food, these public spaces offer cities a ___38___ of other benefits. Community gardens are located in a town or city and tended by local residents. Often, the land is on a vacant lot owned by the city. The site is divided into manageable parts, which may be taken care of by individuals or by the garden’s members collectively. Since the land is usually publicly owned, the cost for gardeners to rent it is ___39___. In fact, New York City, which is ___40___ to more than 750 community gardens managed by more than 20,000 members, charges people just $1 a year to lease a patch. Other costs involve ___41___, tools, seeds, fencing, and so on. However, because they’re shared by many people, individual gardeners pay very little. A community garden can quickly pay off, in terms of delicious fruits and vegetables, in addition to beautiful flowers. Extra ___42___ can be sold for a profit at farmers markets. But a garden’s benefit doesn’t ___43___ there. They also beautify cities, foster strong relationships among residents, and ___44___ an area’s crime rate. Award-winning spaces like London’s Culpeper Community Garden even attract tourists. Beautiful and ____45____, community gardens are often described as oases in crowded cities. 【答案】36. C 37. G 38. A 39. F 40. J 41. I 42. B 43. K 44. D 45. E 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了社区花园可作为解决私人种植空间不足的方案，其运作成本低，且具有多重效益，除提供食物和经济收益外，还能美化环境、促进社区关系并降低犯罪率，成为城市中的宝贵绿洲。 【36题详解】 考查形容词。句意：然而，并非所有人都拥有足够空间来开辟私人地块。空处作修饰plot的定语，结合后文的“community gardens”可推知，C项private“私人的”符合题意，表示“开辟私人地块”。故选C。 【37题详解】 考查名词。句意：一种解决方案是社区花园，这已在全球流行，仅北美就有18000个。空处作主语，空前有One，结合前文“However, not everyone lives on property with enough space for a ___1___ plot.”可推知，G项solution“解决办法”符合题意，表示“一种解决方案是社区花园”。故选G。 【38题详解】 考查名词。句意：除了提供低成本、美味的食物外，这些公共空间还为城市带来一系列其他益处。结合“of other benefits”以及后面段落介绍的多种益处可推知，A项range“范围，界限”符合题意，构成固定短语a range of表示“一系列”。故选A。 【39题详解】 考查形容词。句意：由于土地通常为公有，园丁租用成本极低。空处作表语，结合“Since the land is usually publicly owned”可推知，F项minimal“极低的”符合题意，表示“园丁租用成本极低”。故选F。 【40题详解】 考查名词。句意：事实上，纽约市是750多个由2万多名成员管理的社区花园所在地，租用一块菜地每年仅收取1美元。空处作表语，结合“to more than 750 community gardens”可推知，J项home“家园”符合题意，构成固定短语be home to表示“是……的所在地”。故选J。 【41题详解】 考查名词。句意：其他成本涉及土壤、工具、种子、围栏等。空处作involve的宾语，结合“tools, seeds, fencing”可推知，I项soil“土壤”符合题意，表示“涉及土壤、工具、种子、围栏等”。故选I。 【42题详解】 考查名词。句意：多余的农产品可在农贸市场出售获利。空处作主语，被Extra修饰，结合“at farmers markets”可推知，B项produce“农产品”符合题意，表示“多余的农产品”。故选B。 【43题详解】 考查动词。句意：但花园的好处不止于此。空处和doesn’t构成谓语，结合后文“They also beautify cities, foster strong relationships among residents, and ___9___ an area’s crime rate.”可推知，K项stop“停止”符合题意，表示“不止于此”。故选K。 【44题详解】 考查动词。句意：它们还美化城市、促进居民间紧密联系，并降低区域犯罪率。空处和beautify及foster并列，作谓语，结合“an area’s crime rate”可推知，D项lower“降低”符合题意，表示“降低区域犯罪率”。故选D。 【45题详解】 考查形容词。句意：美丽且经济实惠的社区花园常被形容为拥挤城市中的绿洲。空处和Beautiful并列，作状语，结合前文的“individual gardeners pay very little”可推知，E项affordable“价格合理的”符合题意，表示“美丽且经济实惠的社区花园”。故选E。 II. Reading Comprehension Section A (1*15每题1分) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. The Life-changing Loose Thread A California man and his family went from rags to riches after discovering that the blanket given to him by his grandmother was worth a small fortune. Loren Krytzer was living in a small hut and barely ____46____ on his disability payments. One day, he happened to be watching Antiques Roadshow on TV when he learned that the forgotten old blanket in his closet might be ____47____. The Krytzer family heirloom (传家宝) ____48____ to be an antique Navajo weaving from the 19th century that fetched US$1. 5 million at auction. Krytzer’s blanket was prized for much more than its antiquity. Among Native American tribes, the Navajo are recognized ____49____ the most skillful weavers of blankets and rugs. The weaving style is characterized by vivid, varied patterns and exceptional ____50____. From shearing the sheep, spinning, preparing, and dyeing the wool to the actual weaving process, it ____51____ around 345 hours to create one blanket. Women ____52____ wove Navajo blankets while men built the weaving devices. To this day, Navajo people still maintain the division of work and make high quality blankets and rugs to sell. A firm ____53____ is that since only God is perfect, their creations should have some imperfection. Navajo people also believe that their souls are ____54____ into every weaving, so they intentionally include a hidden loose thread into each piece. This ensures that it isn’t too ____55____, and their souls can still find their way into the afterlife. Once dependent on disability payments to make ends meet, the Krytzers managed to find the loose thread on their road to riches that allowed them to ____56____ the trap of financial ruin. In a (n) ____57____ twist, the family’s life-changing windfall (意外之财) came with a huge tax bill from the government and a lot of begging relatives. After taking a family vacation in Mexico, buying a new sports car and a couple of real estate purchases, Krytzer ____58____ his disability payments. Now ____59____, he gets big bills for property taxes and insurance. Ironically, the family decided to ____60____ to a less expensive state to save money. 46. A. getting by B. getting through C. getting over D. getting back 47. A. valueless B. priceless C. worthless D. worthy 48. A. worked out B. figured out C. turned out D. came out 49. A. as B. for C. with D. by 50. A. durability B. stability C. reliability D. sustainability 51. A. takes B. spends C. costs D. consumes 52. A. delicately B. traditionally C. professionally D. skillfully 53. A. promise B. principle C. belief D. rule 54. A. sewn B. mixed C. fixed D. rooted 55. A. complete B. smooth C. beautiful D. perfect 56. A. escape B. set C. find D. sense 57. A. rewarding B. lucky C. unfortunate D. amazing 58. A. replaced B. lost C. renewed D. preserved 59. A. therefore B. meanwhile C. otherwise D. instead 60. A. immigrate B. relocate C. emigrate D. displace 【答案】46. A 47. B 48. C 49. A 50. A 51. A 52. B 53. C 54. A 55. D 56. A 57. C 58. B 59. D 60. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了美国加州男子洛伦·克里策凭借祖母留下的一条传家宝毯子，从靠残疾补助金勉强度日一跃成为富豪，以及暴富后生活发生的一系列变化。 【46题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：洛伦·克里策住在一间小茅屋里，靠残疾补助金勉强维持生计。A. getting by 勉强维持生计；B. getting through 度过（困难时期）；C. getting over 克服；D. getting back 恢复，回来。根据前文“living in a small hut”和后文“on his disability payments”及“Once dependent on disability payments to make ends meet”可知，他生活窘迫，靠残疾补助金勉强度日，getting by符合语境。故选A。 【47题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一天，他碰巧在电视上看《古董路演》，才知道壁橱里那条被遗忘的旧毯子可能价值连城。A. valueless 无价值的；B. priceless 价值连城的，无价的；C. worthless 无用的，无价值的；D. worthy 值得的，配得上的。根据后文“fetched US$1.5 million at auction”可知，这条毯子最终拍卖了150万美元，说明它价值连城，priceless符合语境。故选B。 【48题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：克里策家的这件传家宝原来是一件19世纪的纳瓦霍古董织物，在拍卖会上拍得了150万美元。A. worked out 计算出，解决；B. figured out 弄明白；C. turned out 结果是，原来是；D. came out 出版，出现。根据上文“after discovering that the blanket given to him by his grandmother was worth a small fortune.”可知，原本被遗忘的旧毯子，经了解后发现是珍贵古董，turned out后接事实真相，符合语境。故选C。 【49题详解】 考查固定搭配。句意：在美国原住民部落中，纳瓦霍人被认为是最擅长编织毯子和小地毯的人。A. as 作为；B. for 为了；C. with 和……一起；D. by 通过。根据下文“the most skillful weavers of blankets and rugs. ”可知，此处指纳瓦霍人被认为是最擅长编织毯子和小地毯的人，be recognized as是固定搭配，意为“被认为是……，被公认为……”，符合语境。故选A。 【50题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这种编织风格的特点是色彩鲜艳、图案多样且耐用性极佳。A. durability 耐用性；B. stability 稳定性；C. reliability 可靠性；D. sustainability 可持续性。结合前文“antique Navajo weaving from the 19th century”可知，19世纪的织物能留存至今并成为珍品，说明其耐用性好，durability符合语境。故选A。 【51题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：从剪羊毛、纺纱、准备羊毛、染色到实际编织过程，制作一条毯子大约需要345个小时。A. takes 花费（时间），主语为物或it；B. spends 花费（时间/金钱），主语为人；C. costs 花费（金钱），主语为物；D. consumes 消耗。It takes + 时间 + to do sth.是固定句型，意为“做某事需要花费多少时间”，此处it为形式主语，真正主语是后面的不定式短语，符合语境。故选A。 【52题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：传统上，纳瓦霍妇女编织毯子，而男子则制作编织工具。A. delicately 精致地；B. traditionally 传统上；C. professionally 专业地；D. skillfully 熟练地。根据后文“To this day, Navajo people still maintain the division of work”可知，这种男女分工是一直延续的传统，traditionally符合语境。故选B。 【53题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一个坚定的信念是，既然只有上帝是完美的，他们的作品应该有一些不完美之处。A. promise 承诺；B. principle 原则；C. belief 信念；D. rule 规则。根据后文“Navajo people also believe that...”可知，此处与后文的“believe”相呼应，指纳瓦霍人的一种信念，belief符合语境。故选C。 【54题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：纳瓦霍人还相信他们的灵魂被缝进了每一件编织品中，所以他们故意在每一件作品中加入一根隐藏的松散线头。A. sewn 缝，缝合；B. mixed 混合；C. fixed 固定；D. rooted 扎根。结合前文“weaving”可知，灵魂应是被“缝”进编织品中，sewn符合语境。故选A。 【55题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这确保了它不会太完美，他们的灵魂仍然能找到进入来世的路。A. complete 完整的；B. smooth 光滑的；C. beautiful 美丽的；D. perfect 完美的。根据前文“their creations should have some imperfection”可知，此处指故意留线头是为了避免作品过于完美，perfect与前文的imperfection相呼应，符合语境。故选D。 【56题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：曾经依靠残疾补助金维持生计的克里策一家，成功找到了通往财富之路的“松散线头”，得以摆脱财务崩溃的困境。A. escape 摆脱，逃离；B. set 设置；C. find 找到；D. sense 感觉到。根据前文“from rags to riches”和后文“the trap of financial ruin”可知，他们从贫困走向富裕，摆脱了财务困境，escape the trap意为“摆脱困境”，符合语境。故选A。 【57题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，这个家庭改变命运的意外之财伴随着政府的巨额税单和众多乞讨的亲戚。A. rewarding 有益的；B. lucky 幸运的；C. unfortunate 不幸的；D. amazing 令人惊讶的。根据后文“huge tax bill”和“begging relatives”可知，这些都是暴富后的烦恼，是不幸的事情，unfortunate符合语境。故选C。 【58题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在墨西哥度假、买了一辆新跑车并购置了几处房产后，克里策失去了残疾补助金。A. replaced 取代；B. lost 失去；C. renewed 续期；D. preserved 保存。根据前文“Once dependent on disability payments”和后文“he gets big bills for property taxes and insurance”可知，他暴富后不再符合领取残疾补助金的条件，所以失去了这笔钱，lost符合语境。故选B。 【59题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：他反而还要支付巨额的房产税和保险费。A. therefore 因此；B. meanwhile 与此同时；C. otherwise 否则；D. instead 反而。根据前文“ Krytzer   his disability payments”和后文“he gets big bills for property taxes and insurance”可知，此处指不仅失去了残疾补助金，反而还要缴纳巨额的税和保险费。故选D。 【60题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：具有讽刺意味的是，这家人决定搬到一个物价更低的州来省钱。A. immigrate 移民（入境）；B. relocate 搬迁，重新安置；C. emigrate 移民（出境）；D. displace 取代，使流离失所。根据后文“to a less expensive state to save money”可知，此处指在国内搬到另一个州，relocate符合语境，强调重新安置住所。故选B。 Section B (61-64每题2分；65-68每题1分) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) I’ve been in an 18-year love-hate relationship with a black walnut tree. It’s a unique tree. In late September or early October, falling fruits as hard as baseballs threaten the skulls (头骨) of you, your children, your neighbors and those that reside next door to them. Umbrellas in the yard are a must while dining in early August, and as for me, I wear my bike helmet while working in the garden. The black walnut also releases a chemical substance through its roots as a competitive strategy. It’s poisonous to several common plants. There have been many new plant varieties that I brought home with hopes that maybe the black walnut would accept them, but they failed to flourish. What does work are native plants that naturally grow in the area. Native plants are important to have around since they provide beneficial pollinators (传粉者) like birds, bees and butterflies with seeds and contribute to a healthy and diverse environment. Native plants for this area are generally easy to grow, so they experience less stress. Have I thought of getting rid of this giant pain in my tiny backyard? Yes, however, getting rid of this tree standing at 50 feet with an 87-inch trunk is next to impossible. It’s also protected under the law. Rightfully so. Trees are important to the urban forest and for all of those that inhabit it. Sometimes I think about my life without the black walnut. I can’t imagine a spring without the birds who arrive every year and loudly sing their songs before dawn. I’d miss falling asleep on lazy weekend afternoons as I look up into its leaves. Every spring, I wonder what the season holds: What are the chances of being knocked unconscious while barbecuing? Like any good relationship, I’ll never be pleased. I’m stuck with this tree, so I’ll listen to its needs and give it the space it requires. In return, my walnut offers a habitat for wildlife and a reminder that __________. 61. Why does the author wear a bike helmet while working in the garden? A. To protect the injured skull. B. To prevent herself from sunburn. C. To avoid being hit by the nuts. D. To reduce the chance of getting bitten by bees. 62. How does the black walnut tree ensure its survival? A. By attracting birds and insects to pollinate nearby plants. B. By releasing substances to keep animals away. C. By producing chemicals that prevent certain plants from growing nearby. D. By competing aggressively for water and nutrients in the soil. 63. Which of the following DOESN’T account for the author’s love-hate relationship with the tree? A. The volume of its fruits may bring inconvenience. B. The tree outcompetes the native plants in the garden. C. The tree is home to numerous birds and other creatures. D. The presence of the tree takes up much space of the garden. 64. The author most probably got a reminder from the tree that _________. A. it’s better to give than to take B. trees and plants have their own ways to flourish C. a good relationship always comes with trouble D. acceptance, instead of resistance, is the better way to be 【答案】61. C 62. C 63. B 64. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者与一棵黑胡桃树长达18年的爱恨关系，作者既烦恼其果实掉落和化学排他性，又欣赏它为鸟类提供栖息地、带来自然生机，最终学会接受并与之共存。 【61题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“In late September or early October, falling fruits as hard as baseballs threaten the skulls (头骨) of you, your children, your neighbors and those that reside next door to them. Umbrellas in the yard are a must while dining in early August, and as for me, I wear my bike helmet while working in the garden. (在九月下旬或十月初，那些像棒球般坚硬的掉落果实会威胁到你、你的孩子、你的邻居以及他们隔壁居民的头骨。八月初用餐时，院子里一定要准备好伞。至于我，干活时会戴着自行车头盔。)”可知，作者在花园里干活时会戴着自行车头盔是为了避免被树上掉落的坚硬果实砸到。故选C项。 【62题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中“The black walnut also releases a chemical substance through its roots as a competitive strategy. It’s poisonous to several common plants. (黑胡桃树还会通过根系释放一种化学物质作为竞争策略。它对几种常见植物有毒。)”可知，黑胡桃树通过释放化学物质来阻止附近某些植物的生长，从而确保自身生存。故选C项。 【63题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中“In late September or early October, falling fruits as hard as baseballs threaten the skulls (头骨) of you, your children, your neighbors and those that reside next door to them. (在九月下旬或十月初，那些像棒球般坚硬的掉落果实会威胁到你、你的孩子、你的邻居以及他们隔壁居民的头骨。)”、第五段中“Have I thought of getting rid of this giant pain in my tiny backyard? Yes, however, getting rid of this tree standing at 50 feet with an 87-inch trunk is next to impossible. (我有没有想过要移除我那小小的后院里这棵巨大的“祸根”呢？是的，不过要移除这棵高达50英尺、树干直径达87英寸的大树，几乎是不可能的。)”和第六段中“I can’t imagine a spring without the birds who arrive every year and loudly sing their songs before dawn. (我无法想象一个没有那些每年都会到来并在黎明前高声歌唱的鸟儿的春天。)”可知，作者对黑胡桃树的“恨”包括果实过大带来不便，大树占据花园很大的空间，对其“爱”包括为鸟类提供栖息地。再根据第四段中“What does work are native plants that naturally grow in the area. (起作用的是那些在该地区自然生长的本土植物。)”和“Native plants for this area are generally easy to grow, so they experience less stress. (该地区的本土植物通常易于生长，因此它们所承受的压力较小。)”可知，黑胡桃树并不会挤压本地植物的生存空间，因此“这棵树在花园中比本土植物更具优势”并不是作者对它又爱又恨的原因。故选B项。 【64题详解】 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段中“I’m stuck with this tree, so I’ll listen to its needs and give it the space it requires. In return, my walnut offers a habitat for wildlife (我与这棵树共存，所以我会倾听它的需求，给予它所需的空间。作为回报，我的胡桃树为野生动物提供栖息地)”可知，在与黑胡桃树爱恨交织地相处过后，作者最终接受与树共存，享受其带来的美好。由此可知，作者从树身上得到的启示是：接受，而非抗拒，是更好的相处方式。故选D项。 (B) One day, my 11-year-old daughter told me that she wanted to return a pair of pants on Amazon. “You need to keep clicking the ‘something else’ button if you want to talk to a real person,” I told her. She followed my word, and after a bit of clicking, she managed to talk to a real customer-service agent and get the pants returned. In the process, I had the chance to think about what this everyday interaction was teaching my daughter. I thought about what it meant to constantly ask for “something else”. It’s not only about having a real person to talk with. It’s equally about the quality of our communication. It involves thinking something, then saying it, and then having another person think and say something back to you. It seems simple and yet it may become the exception, not the rule. In many cases, it already has. With the “quick responses” at the bottom of many email platforms, potential responses often appear right in front of us. “Yes, sure.” “Of course!” or “I got it.” The responses, I’ve noticed, are mostly okay. Sometimes, they’re exactly what I want to say. Occasionally, they’re wildly wrong. At first, I told myself I wouldn’t use those pre-made responses. Soon enough, though, I got in a rush and found they were good. What would happen if our language got automated in general in this way? What if, instead of generating responses, we simply pointed and clicked? Choosing a response is a kind of thinking, but it’s far less accurate than the kind needed to generate content. It has to do more with recognizing a “good enough” response. Instead of starting with a blank board, we critique things. That’s not useless, but it doesn’t replace thinking in a generative way. If kids only critique something, they won’t have original thoughts. They may become great editors, but they’ll likely struggle to create ideas in fresh ways. There’s no simple solution and certainly no way to turn back the clock on automated talk. Yet, as we move forward, we need to consider carefully how simple changes in communication can have serious effects. If we want to help our kids, the “something else” we searched for — authentic human conversation — should not be the exception, but the rule. 65. What contributes to high-quality communication according to paragraph 2? A. The clear goals. B. The exact expressions. C. The process of thinking. D. The immediate response. 66. How does the author feel about using the pre-made responses? A. Curious and eager to try them out. B. Annoyed and resistant to their widespread use. C. Disappointed by their frequent inaccuracy. D. Unwilling but finally aware of their convenience. 67. What concern does the author raise about children’s overuse of automated language? A. It will make their expressions more accurate and efficient. B. It may limit the development of their editing and revising skills. C. It may undermine their capacity for original and independent thinking. D. It increases their engagement in thoughtful, meaningful communication. 68. What can be the best title for the text? A. My Reflection on the Automated Talk B. My Unforgettable Online Return Experience C. The Art of Guiding Children’s Creativity D. The Benefits of Using Automation in Communication 【答案】65. C 66. D 67. C 68. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要以作者女儿在亚马逊退货时需点击“其他选项”联系真人客服的经历为切入点，反思了自动化交流的普及现状，探讨了其对沟通质量及孩子原创思维培养的影响，并呼吁重视真实的人际对话。 【65题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“It’s equally about the quality of our communication. It involves thinking something, then saying it, and then having another person think and say something back to you.(这同样关乎我们沟通的质量。它包括思考某件事，然后说出来，再让另一个人思考并回应你)”可知，高质量的沟通离不开思考的过程——先思考、再表达、再接收对方的思考与回应。故选C项。 【66题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“At first, I told myself I wouldn’t use those pre-made responses. Soon enough, though, I got in a rush and found they were good.(起初，我告诉自己不会使用那些预制回复。但很快，我因为匆忙，发现这些回复还不错)”可知，作者起初不愿使用预制回复，但最终因便捷性而认可了它们，即内心不情愿但后来意识到其便利性。故选D项。 【67题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“What would happen if our language got automated in general in this way? What if, instead of generating responses, we simply pointed and clicked? Choosing a response is a kind of thinking, but it’s far less accurate than the kind needed to generate content. It has to do more with recognizing a “good enough” response. Instead of starting with a blank board, we critique things. That’s not useless, but it doesn’t replace thinking in a generative way. If kids only critique something, they won’t have original thoughts. They may become great editors, but they’ll likely struggle to create ideas in fresh ways.(如果我们的语言普遍以这种方式实现自动化，会发生什么呢？要是我们不再主动生成回应，而只是简单地进行点击选择，又会怎样呢？选择一种回应固然也算一种思考，但它远不如生成内容所需的思考那般严谨深入。这种思考更多只是筛选出一个 “还算合适” 的答案。我们不再是从零开始创作，而是对现成的内容进行评判。这种方式并非毫无用处，却无法替代具有创造性的主动思考。如果孩子们只对事物进行评判，他们就不会有原创的想法。他们可能会成为优秀的编辑，但很可能难以用新颖的方式创造想法)”可知，作者担心孩子过度使用自动化语言会削弱其原创思维和独立思考能力的发展。故选C项。 【68题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合最后一段“There’s no simple solution and certainly no way to turn back the clock on automated talk. Yet, as we move forward, we need to consider carefully how simple changes in communication can have serious effects. If we want to help our kids, the “something else” we searched for — authentic human conversation — should not be the exception, but the rule.(没有简单的解决方案，当然也没有办法让自动对话时光倒流。然而，在我们前进的过程中，我们需要仔细考虑沟通方面的简单改变会产生怎样严重的影响。如果我们想帮助我们的孩子，我们寻找的“其他东西”——真实的人类对话——不应该是例外，而应该是规则)”可知，文章以一次退货经历为引子，围绕自动化交流展开反思，分析了预制回复等自动化沟通方式的特点、自身使用感受，以及其对孩子思维培养的潜在负面影响，最后呼吁重视真实人际对话。A项“我对自动化交流的反思”准确概括了全文核心主旨,适合作本文标题。故选A项。 (C) Teen Creative Writing Release your creativity as a writer, while learning the tricks of the trade. You have the freedom to write what you want, but you also need to gain the discipline of writing. There are no grades, no exams, and no wrong answers — just creative writing. Each class is taught by a teacher experienced in helping young writers discover and develop their unique voices. This course is offered as a 6-week online class (with a 3-hour session per week) . It’s open to students aged from 13 to 17. Upcoming Classes ● Starting on Tuesday, October 21st ● Online, anytime ● Registration fee $25, paid once per term The Syllabus (教学大纲) The syllabus varies from teacher to teacher, term to term. Many topics will be similar to those covered in the online classes. Course Components Week 1 (OIL) Realizing the importance of having fun with writing, and exploring essential elements of creative writing — observation, imagination, and language. Week 2 (Show & Tell) Understanding the difference between showing and telling, as well as techniques for showing — sensory description, specificity, and scenes. Week 3 (Fiction) Learning the types and forms of fiction, where to find fiction ideas, and the basics of creating a story — characters, plots, and points of view. Week 4 (Nonfiction) Exploring three types of creative nonfiction writing — memoirs, personal essays, and narrative nonfiction, as well as learning where to find nonfiction ideas. * Note: Content may vary among individual classes. 69. What can we know about the Teen Creative Writing course? A. It encourages creative expression without pressure. B. It focuses on preparing students for writing exams. C. It restricts enrollment to students with writing experience. D. It assigns grades based on students’ writing quality. 70. In which week can you learn to write about real-life figures in the course? A. Week 1 B. Week 2 C. Week 3 D. Week 4 71. Where are we most likely to read the text? A. In a teacher’s exam preparation guide. B. In a student course selection handbook. C. In a textbook introducing writing skills. D. On a creative writing competition notice. 【答案】69. A 70. D 71. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了面向13至17岁青少年的创意写作课程，包括课程特色、开课信息、教学大纲及每周课程内容等相关情况。 【69题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Release your creativity as a writer, while learning the tricks of the trade. You have the freedom to write what you want, but you also need to gain the discipline of writing. There are no grades, no exams, and no wrong answers — just creative writing.(释放你作为作家的创造力，同时学习行业技巧。你可以自由地写你想写的东西，但你也需要培养写作的自律性。这里没有分数，没有考试，也没有错误答案——只有创意写作)”可知，该青少年创意写作课程允许学生自由创作，无分数、考试压力，鼓励创意表达。故选A项。 【70题详解】 细节理解题。根据Course Components部分中的“Week 4 (Nonfiction) Exploring three types of creative nonfiction writing — memoirs, personal essays, and narrative nonfiction, as well as learning where to find nonfiction ideas.(第4周（非虚构写作）：探索三种创意非虚构写作类型——回忆录、个人随笔和叙事性非虚构作品，并学习从何处寻找非虚构写作灵感)”可知，非虚构写作涉及回忆录、个人随笔等，对应第4周的课程内容。故选D项。 【71题详解】 推理判断题。根据全文内容，文章详细介绍了Teen Creative Writing课程的特色、开课时间、报名费用、教学大纲、每周课程内容等信息，这些信息均是学生选择课程时会关注的核心内容，最有可能在学生选课手册中读到故选B项。 (D) Pets On Board! Traveling with a pet can be just as involved as booking a flight for yourself. From weight limits to carrier sizes — and sometimes even buying an extra seat — the rules vary widely among airlines. Below is a comparison of four airlines that permit pets onboard, each offering a distinct approach to in-cabin (舱内) pet travel. JetBlue (United States) JetBlue allows small dogs and cats to travel in the cabin, with each passenger permitted to bring one pet. The pet must remain in a carrier that fits under the seat, and only a limited number of pets are accepted on each flight. While JetBlue no longer sets a strict weight limit for pets, the carrier size is tightly controlled. The airline charges a fixed fee for each pet per flight, and early booking is recommended due to capacity limits. Vueling (Spain) The Spanish airline Vueling mainly operates out of Barcelona. It permits pets to fly in the cabin as long as the combined weight of the pet and carrier does not exceed 8kg. The carrier must meet specific size requirements, and no more than three pets are allowed per flight. Fees vary depending on whether the flight is domestic or international. Etihad Airways (United Arab Emirates) Etihad Airways provides one of the most flexible options for pet travel, allowing passengers either to place a small pet at their feet or to purchase an additional seat for the animal. Larger carriers are permitted when a seat is bought, but strict weight limits still apply. While this flexibility may appeal to some travelers, the cost has risen sharply in recent years, making Etihad the most expensive option among the four airlines. KM Malta Airlines (Malta) Based in the Mediterranean island nation of Malta, KM Malta Airlines offers a more generous weight allowance than many European airlines, permitting pets of up to 10kg including the carrier to travel in the cabin. Each passenger may bring up to two pets on board. A valid health certificate for their pets is required at check-in. A single fixed fee applies regardless of destination. 72. Which statement is consistent with JetBlue’s pet policy as described in the passage? A. Passengers may carry more than one pet if space allows. B. Pets must be kept in a carrier that fits beneath the seat. C. Passengers may purchase an extra seat for a pet carrier to be placed on it. D. Pets must meet a strict weight limit set by the airline. 73. What do Vueling and KM Malta Airlines have in common when it comes to flying with pets? A. Both limit the number of pets allowed in the cabin on each flight. B. Both require passengers to present a valid health certificate for their pets. C. Both allow pets weighing up to 10kg to travel in the cabin. D. Both charge pet fees that increase with flight distance. 74. Which airline is suitable for passengers who value flexibility in carrier size over cost? A. JetBlue B. Vueling C. Etihad Airways D. KM Malta Airlines 【答案】72. B 73. A 74. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了捷蓝、伏林、阿提哈德和马耳他航空四家航司的客舱宠物政策。虽然各家在重量、尺寸及费用上规定各异，但均允许宠物随主人登机。 【72题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“The pet must remain in a carrier that fits under the seat, and only a limited number of pets are accepted on each flight.(宠物必须被安置在能放入座位下方的笼子里，而且每趟航班只允许携带一定数量的宠物)”可知，根据文章中所描述的捷蓝航空公司的宠物政策，B选项“宠物必须装在能放于座位下方的容器中”正确。故选B。 【73题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“The carrier must meet specific size requirements, and no more than three pets are allowed per flight.(该宠物运输笼必须满足特定的尺寸要求，并且每次航班上最多只能搭载三只宠物)”以及最后一段“Each passenger may bring up to two pets on board.(每位乘客可携带最多两只宠物上飞机)”可知，两者都对每趟航班允许携带的宠物数量进行了限制。故选A。 【74题详解】 细节理解题。根据Etihad Airways (United Arab Emirates)部分“Etihad Airways provides one of the most flexible options for pet travel, allowing passengers either to place a small pet at their feet or to purchase an additional seat for the animal. Larger carriers are permitted when a seat is bought, but strict weight limits still apply. While this flexibility may appeal to some travelers, the cost has risen sharply in recent years, making Etihad the most expensive option among the four airlines.(阿提哈德航空公司为宠物旅行提供了最为灵活的方案之一：乘客可以选择将宠物放在自己的脚边，或者为宠物额外购买一个座位。若为宠物购买额外座位，则可使用更大的宠物运输笼，但仍有严格的重量限制。虽然这种灵活性可能会吸引一些旅客，但近年来费用大幅上涨，使得阿提哈德航空成为这四家航空公司中费用最高的选择)”可知，对于那些更看重宠物运输笼尺寸灵活性而非成本的乘客来说Etihad Airways比较合适。故选C。 (E) Imagine this. You need an image of a balloon for a work presentation and turn to an AI text-to-image generator to create a suitable image. You enter the prompt (提示词) “red balloon against a blue sky” but the generator returns an image of an egg instead. What’s going on? The generator you’re using may have been “poisoned”. What does this mean? Text-to-image generators work by being trained on large datasets that include millions or billions of images. Some of the generators have been trained by randomly scraping online images, many of which may be under copyright. This has led to many copyright infringement (侵害) cases where artists have accused big tech companies of stealing and profiting from their work. This is also where the idea of “poison” comes in. Researchers who want to empower individual artists have recently created a tool named “Nightshade” to fight back against unauthorized image scraping. The tool works by slightly altering an image’s pixels (像素) in a way that confuses the computer vision system but leaves the image unaltered to a human’s eyes. If an organization then scrapes one of these images to train a future AI model, its data pool becomes “poisoned”. This can result in mistaken learning, which makes the generator return unintended results. As in our earlier example, a balloon might become an egg. The higher the number of “poisoned” images in the training data, the greater the impact. Because of how generative AI works, the damage from “poisoned” images also affects related prompt keywords. For example, if a “poisoned” image of a Picasso work is used in training data, prompt results for masterpieces from other artists can also be affected. Possibly, tools like Nightshade can be abused by some users to intentionally upload “poisoned” images in order to confuse AI generators. But the Nightshade’s developer hopes the tool will make big tech companies more respectful of copyright. It does challenge a common belief among computer scientists that data found online can be used for any purpose they see fit. Human rights activists, for example, have been concerned for some time about the uncontrolled use of machine vision in wider society. This concern is particularly serious concerning facial recognition. There is a clear connection between facial recognition cases and data poisoning, as both relate to larger questions around technological governance. It may be better to see data poisoning as an innovative solution to the denial of some fundamental human rights. 75. What does the underlined word “scraping” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. facilitating B. collecting C. damaging D. polishing 76. According to the passage, what is the consequence of data poisoning? A. increasing the accuracy of returned information B. causing users to forget the prompt key words C. affecting the training of generative AI D. discriminating against great masterpieces 77. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs? A. Data poisoning is somehow justified to direct attention to human rights. B. Computer scientists have learned to respect the copyright of most artists. C. Nightshade is being abused by human rights activists to recognize faces. D. The issue of technological governance has aroused the lawyers’ interest. 78. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Data Poisoning: Government Empowering Citizens to Protect Themselves B. Data Poisoning: Addressing Facial Recognition Issues Among Artists C. Data Poisoning: Risks and Rewards of Generative AI Data Training D. Data Poisoning: Empowering Artists and Beyond 【答案】75. B 76. C 77. A 78. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了AI文本生成图像工具存在的版权侵权问题，以及研究人员研发的“Nightshade”工具通过数据投毒的方式反击未经授权的图像抓取，同时探讨了数据投毒的影响、潜在滥用风险，还将其与技术治理、人权保护等更广泛的问题关联起来的相关内容。 【75题详解】 词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“Text-to-image generators work by being trained on large datasets that include millions or billions of images. Some of the generators have been trained by randomly scraping online images, many of which may be under copyright. This has led to many copyright infringement (侵害) cases where artists have accused big tech companies of stealing and profiting from their work.(文本生成图像的生成工具是通过在包含数百万甚至数十亿张图像的大型数据集上进行训练来运作的。一些生成工具的训练方式是随机scraping网络上的图像，其中许多图像可能受版权保护。这引发了多起版权侵权案件，艺术家们指控大型科技公司窃取他们的作品并从中牟利)”可知，AI工具的训练需要大量图像数据，而这些网络图像被科技公司获取后引发了版权侵权纠纷，结合“窃取作品”的语境可推断，scraping意为“收集”，与collecting同义。故选B项。 【76题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“If an organization then scrapes one of these images to train a future AI model, its data pool becomes “poisoned”. This can result in mistaken learning, which makes the generator return unintended results.(如果某个机构抓取了这些被处理的图像之一来训练未来的AI模型，其数据库就会被“投毒”。这会导致AI模型产生错误的学习结果，进而让生成工具返回非预期的结果)”以及第四段中的“The higher the number of “poisoned” images in the training data, the greater the impact. Because of how generative AI works, the damage from “poisoned” images also affects related prompt keywords.(训练数据中被“投毒”的图像数量越多，影响就越大。由于生成式人工智能的运作方式，被“投毒”图像造成的损害还会影响相关的提示词关键词)”可知，数据投毒会让AI模型产生错误学习，影响生成式AI的训练过程，导致其输出结果出错。故选C项。 【77题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“Possibly, tools like Nightshade can be abused by some users to intentionally upload “poisoned” images in order to confuse AI generators. But the Nightshade’s developer hopes the tool will make big tech companies more respectful of copyright.(诸如Nightshade这类工具或许会被部分用户滥用，他们刻意上传 “被投毒” 的图像，以此干扰人工智能生成工具的运行。但该工具的开发者希望，这款工具能让大型科技公司更加尊重版权)”以及最后一段“Human rights activists, for example, have been concerned for some time about the uncontrolled use of machine vision in wider society. This concern is particularly serious concerning facial recognition. There is a clear connection between facial recognition cases and data poisoning, as both relate to larger questions around technological governance. It may be better to see data poisoning as an innovative solution to the denial of some fundamental human rights(例如，人权活动人士一段时间以来一直关注机器视觉在社会各界的滥用问题。这一担忧在人脸识别领域尤为突出。人脸识别相关事件与数据投毒之间存在明显关联，因为二者均牵涉到技术治理层面的诸多深层问题。我们不妨将数据投毒视作解决部分基本人权被侵犯问题的一种创新方案)” 可知，尽管数据投毒存在被滥用的可能，但它既能够维护艺术家的版权，还能关联到人权保护、技术治理等问题，被视作解决人权问题的创新方式，由此可推断数据投毒在某种程度上是合理的，因为它能将人们的注意力引向人权问题。故选A项。 【78题详解】 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章开篇以AI生成图像出错的例子引出“数据投毒”的概念，接着介绍数据投毒的工具Nightshade最初是为了赋能艺术家，反击科技公司的版权侵权行为，随后探讨了数据投毒的影响、潜在滥用风险，最后将其延伸到技术治理、人权保护等更广泛的领域。D 项“数据投毒：赋能艺术家及更多领域”精准契合文章核心，适合作本文标题。故选D项。 Section C (每题2分) Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two sentences than you need. As a coach, I generally encourage the people I work with to keep a journal. With my MBA students at Stanford, this is even a formal requirement of my class. The purpose of journaling is to make sure that learning continues beyond the end of a class or coaching session. ____79____ This long experience has convinced me of the value of journaling and is consistent with what I know about experiential learning. But why does it actually work? What are the underlying processes that make journal writing meaningful? Research by neuroscientist (神经科学家) Joseph Ledoux offers some answers. He challenges the traditional idea that memories are simply stored and later retrieved. Instead, his research suggests that memories are reshaped each time they are recalled. ____80____ Journaling helps us revisit experiences, update our understanding, and create records we can return to later. ____81____ He distinguishes between emotional memories, which operate largely outside conscious awareness, and cognitive memories, which involve deliberate and conscious understanding. Emotional responses, Ledoux explains, are often processed unconsciously before we even know. Writing after emotional experiences allows us to process those emotions more clearly and thoughtfully. But, of course, many otherwise valuable coaching sessions and experiential learning activities don’t evoke strong emotions — is it helpful to journal in these cases as well? Ledoux’s research shows that emotional memories are naturally stronger and longer-lasting than non-emotional ones. Without reflection, quieter experiences may easily be forgotten. ____82____ A. Ledoux’s research mainly focuses on how digital tools can enhance memory retention and learning efficiency. B. Ledoux’s work on emotion and cognition suggests an even more powerful reason for the value of journaling. C. In short, our memory about something is only as good as our last memory about it. D. Journaling is most effective when learners experience strong emotions during coaching sessions. E. Each year, I read nearly 1,000 of my students’ journal entries, and I’ve kept a personal journal for decades. F. Journaling after non-emotional experiences strengthens these memories and prevents them from being lost among more powerful and long-lasting emotional memories. 【答案】79. E 80. C 81. B 82. F 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍作者鼓励他人写日记的做法及日记的价值，结合神经科学家的研究，阐释写日记发挥作用的内在机制。 【79题详解】 根据上文“As a coach, I generally encourage the people I work with to keep a journal. With my MBA students at Stanford, this is even a formal requirement of my class. The purpose of journaling is to make sure that learning continues beyond the end of a class or coaching session.(作为一名教练，我通常鼓励与我共事的人写日记。对我斯坦福大学的MBA学生来说，这甚至是我课程的一项正式要求。写日记的目的是确保学习在课程或辅导结束后仍能继续)”以及下文“This long experience has convinced me of the value of journaling and is consistent with what I know about experiential learning.(这段漫长的经历让我坚信写日记的价值，也与我所了解的体验式学习相一致)”可知，此处应衔接上文的写日记要求，引出下文的“漫长经历”，E选项“Each year, I read nearly 1,000 of my students’ journal entries, and I’ve kept a personal journal for decades.(每年，我都会阅读近1000份学生的日记，而且我自己写日记已经几十年了)”中的read nearly 1,000 of my students’ journal entries、kept a personal journal for decades正是long experience的具体体现，既呼应上文的教学场景，又引出下文的价值认知，符合语境。故选E项。 【80题详解】 根据上文“Research by neuroscientist (神经科学家) Joseph Ledoux offers some answers. He challenges the traditional idea that memories are simply stored and later retrieved. Instead, his research suggests that memories are reshaped each time they are recalled.(神经科学家约瑟夫·勒杜的研究提供了一些答案。他挑战了传统观点，即记忆只是被储存起来，之后再被提取。相反，他的研究表明，记忆每次被回忆时都会被重塑)”以及下文“Journaling helps us revisit experiences, update our understanding, and create records we can return to later.(写日记帮助我们重温经历，更新认知，并创建可供日后查阅的记录)”可知，此处应总结勒杜关于记忆的研究结论，衔接下文写日记与记忆的关联，C选项“In short, our memory about something is only as good as our last memory about it.(简而言之，我们对某件事的记忆好坏取决于我们上一次对它的记忆)”是对前文memories are reshaped each time they are recalled的简洁总结，同时为下文写日记通过重温经历重塑记忆、更新认知做铺垫，符合语境。故选C项。 【81题详解】 根据下文“He distinguishes between emotional memories, which operate largely outside conscious awareness, and cognitive memories, which involve deliberate and conscious understanding. Emotional responses, Ledoux explains, are often processed unconsciously before we even know. Writing after emotional experiences allows us to process those emotions more clearly and thoughtfully.(他区分了情绪记忆和认知记忆，前者主要在意识之外运作，后者涉及刻意和有意识的理解。勒杜解释说，情绪反应往往在我们意识到之前就被无意识地处理了。在经历情绪波动后写作，能让我们更清晰、更深入地处理这些情绪)”可知，此处应引出勒杜关于情绪、认知与写日记价值的关联研究，B选项“Ledoux’s work on emotion and cognition suggests an even more powerful reason for the value of journaling.(勒杜在情绪和认知方面的研究，为写日记的价值提供了一个更有力的理由)”中的emotion and cognition与下文的emotional memories、cognitive memories相呼应，even more powerful reason承接上文记忆研究，引出下文情绪相关的深层原因，符合语境。故选B项。 【82题详解】 根据上文“But, of course, many otherwise valuable coaching sessions and experiential learning activities don’t evoke strong emotions — is it helpful to journal in these cases as well? Ledoux’s research shows that emotional memories are naturally stronger and longer-lasting than non-emotional ones. Without reflection, quieter experiences may easily be forgotten.(但当然，许多原本有价值的辅导课程和体验式学习活动并不会引发强烈的情绪——在这些情况下写日记也有帮助吗？勒杜的研究表明，情绪记忆天生比非情绪记忆更强烈、更持久。如果不进行反思，平淡的经历很容易被遗忘)”可知，此处应回答前文的疑问，说明非情绪体验后写日记的作用，F选项“Journaling after non-emotional experiences strengthens these memories and prevents them from being lost among more powerful and long-lasting emotional memories.(在非情绪体验后写日记，能强化这些记忆，防止它们在更强烈、更持久的情绪记忆中被遗忘)”中的non-emotional experiences、strengthens these memories、prevents them from being lost均与上文内容精准呼应，直接回应了“非情绪情况下写日记是否有帮助”的问题，符合语境。故选F项。 III. Productive Grammar (每题1分，共10分) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Swiss Compromise: No Killing, Just Coping with a Beaver Boom “I hate beavers,” a woman tells the beaver hotline. Forty years ago, she planted an oak tree in a small town in southern Zurich ____83____ the frontier of beaver expansion now lies, but the tree has just been brought down. Beavers, nature’s great engineers, can cause chaos during winter as they renovate their lodges and build up their dams. For people, this can mean flooding, sinkholes appearing in roads and trees being felled. A single incident can cause 70,000 Swiss francs (£65,000) in damages. ____84____ (cope), the beaver-rich canton of Zurich came up with the hotline. ____85____ is suffering from the seasonal home-improvement projects by the semi-aquatic rodents can get in touch with the local Beaver Advisory Centre. ____86____ (staff) by ecologists who give advice, assess damages and evaluate potential compensation, the center runs the hotline, hoping to calm down people furious at their beaver neighbors. Switzerland is experiencing a beaver boom. When top predators first ____87____ (recolonize) a former habitat — such as when wolves, bears and eagles return to areas across Europe — population growth is usually slow, then it moves exponentially. In 2008, there were 1,600 beavers, and in 2022 there were 4,900, with numbers likely to have increased since. What is striking about the Swiss example is the degree ____88____ citizens accept living alongside them. Unlike in most European countries, no beaver ____89____ (kill) legally in Switzerland since they were reintroduced in 1956. The local beavers’ latest trick has been raising the height of their dam — an enterprise that risks ____90____ (flood) the sewage system. “It’s ____91____ who’s more patient: man or beaver? Once you start touching their dams, they get inventive and build new dams.” says Roos, a public works employee ____92____ (maintain) waterways, roads, streets and paths in the municipality of Hettlingen. 【答案】83. where 84. To cope 85. Whoever 86. Staffed 87. recolonize 88. to which 89. has been killed 90. flooding 91. about 92. maintaining 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了瑞士正经历海狸数量激增的现象，海狸活动给人类生活带来诸多困扰，苏黎世州为此设立热线电话应对，同时阐述了瑞士民众对海狸的接纳度及相关现状。 【83题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：四十年前，她在苏黎世南部一个小镇种了一棵橡树，而现在这里正是海狸扩张的前沿地带，但这棵树刚刚被推倒了。此处引导限定性定语从句，先行词为a small town，关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 【84题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了应对这种情况，海狸数量众多的苏黎世州推出了这条热线电话。此处作目的状语，“推出热线电话”的目的是“应对海狸带来的困扰”，应用动词不定式，句首单词，首字母大写。故填To cope。 【85题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：任何遭受这些半水生啮齿动物季节性家园改造工程困扰的人，都可以联系当地的海狸咨询中心。此处引导主语从句，连接词作句子主语，表示“任何遭受困扰的人”，应用whoever(无论谁，任何人)引导，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Whoever。 【86题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：该中心由生态学家组成，他们提供建议、评估损失并评定潜在的赔偿，中心运营着这条热线，希望能安抚那些对海狸邻居感到愤怒的人们。此处修饰the center，staff与the center之间为被动关系（中心被生态学家任职/组成），应用过去分词，表被动，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Staffed。 【87题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：当顶级捕食者首次重新定居到以前的栖息地时——比如当狼、熊和鹰回到欧洲各地的区域时——种群数量增长通常很慢，然后会呈指数级增长。此处为时间状语从句的谓语动词，根据后文“such as when wolves, bears and eagles return to areas across Europe”中return可知，此处时态应与后文一致，用一般现在时，主语top predators为复数，所以用动词原形recolonize。故填recolonize。 【88题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：瑞士案例中引人注目的一点是公民接受与它们共存的程度。extent常与介词to搭配，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为the degree，从句中缺少程度状语（“在……程度上”），应用to which引导。故填to which。 【89题详解】 考查动词语态。句意：与大多数欧洲国家不同，自1956年海狸被重新引入瑞士以来，没有一只海狸在瑞士被合法捕杀过。根据时间状语since they were reintroduced in 1956可知，应用现在完成时，且beaver与kill之间为被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，主语no beaver为单数，助动词用has。故填has been killed。 【90题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：当地海狸最新的把戏是加高堤坝——这项举动有淹没污水处理系统的风险。固定搭配risk doing sth.“冒险做某事”，动名词作宾语。故填flooding。 【91题详解】 考查介词。句意：“这是一场关于谁更有耐心的较量：人类还是海狸？一旦你开始触碰它们的堤坝，它们就会变得很有创造力，建造新的堤坝。”赫廷根市负责维护水道、公路、街道和小路的市政工程人员鲁斯说。此处表示“关于”，应用介词about。故填about。 【92题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：“这是一场关于谁更有耐心的较量：人类还是海狸？一旦你开始触碰它们的堤坝，它们就会变得很有创造力，建造新的堤坝。”赫廷根市负责维护水道、公路、街道和小路的市政工程人员鲁斯说。此处修饰a public works employee，maintain与employee之间为主动关系，应用现在分词，作后置定语。故填maintaining。 IV. Sentence Translation (3+3+4+5=15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 93. 中国传统书法被誉为“纸上的舞蹈”，具有很高的艺术价值。(refer, which) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Traditional Chinese calligraphy, which is referred to as “dance on paper”, holds significant artistic value. 【解析】 【详解】考查名词（短语）、动词（短语）、形容词和定语从句。句子在介绍一般性的事实，时态宜用一般现在时，整个句子可处理为主从复合句，“被誉为‘纸上的舞蹈’”可理解为修饰“中国传统书法”的成分，用which引导非限制性定语从句，对其作补充说明，which替代先行词在从句中作主语；主句的主语“中国传统书法”可用名词短语traditional Chinese calligraphy，不可数，谓语“具有”可用动词hold，宾语“很高的艺术价值”可用名词短语significant artistic value；从句中“被誉为”可用动词短语refer to… as…的被动式be referred to as，关系代词which指代先行词Traditional Chinese calligraphy，be动词用is，“纸上的舞蹈”可用名词短语dance on paper。故可译为：Traditional Chinese calligraphy, which is referred to as “dance on paper”, holds significant artistic value. 94. 当那位建筑师看见胆怯的花朵从冻结的土地中破土而出时，她内心对于自然的赞叹之情难以言表。 (beyond) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________ 【答案】When the architect saw the timid flowers breaking through the frozen soil, the admiration for nature in her heart was beyond expression. 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语和时间状语从句。句子陈述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时；表示“当……时”用when引导时间状语从句；“看见……做某事”用see sb./sth. doing sth.结构，“胆怯的花朵”用the timid flowers；“从冻结的土地中破土而出”用break through the frozen soil，因此“看见花朵破土而出”用saw the timid flowers breaking through the frozen soil；主句中“她内心对于自然的赞叹之情”用the admiration for nature in her heart；“难以言表”用beyond expression。故翻译为：When the architect saw the timid flowers breaking through the frozen soil, the admiration for nature in her heart was beyond expression. 95. 各国的成人礼习俗根植于各自的传统价值观，因此庆祝方式在内容和形式上差异很大。(root, vary) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The customs of coming-of-age ceremonies in different countries are rooted in their respective traditional values, so the ways of celebration vary significantly in both content and form. 【解析】 【详解】考查名词、动词（短语）、形容词和副词。句子在介绍一般性的事实，时态宜用一般现在时，“因此”可用表示因果关系的并列连词so，连接前后两个简单句；第一句中主语“成人礼习俗”可用名词短语the customs of coming-of-age ceremonies，“各国的”可用介宾短语in different countries，作主语的后置定语；“根植于”可用动词短语be rooted in，be动词用are；“各自的传统价值观”可用名词短语their respective traditional values；第二句中主语“庆祝方式”可用名词短语the ways of celebration；谓语“差异”可用动词vary，用动词原形；状语“很大”可用副词significantly，状语“在内容和形式上”可用介宾短语in both content and form。故可译为：The customs of coming-of-age ceremonies in different countries are rooted in their respective traditional values, so the ways of celebration vary significantly in both content and form. 96. 如今，许多年轻人对流行明星了如指掌，但他们也需意识到我们璀璨的传统文化同样值得传承。 (familiar, aware) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________ 【答案】Nowadays, many young people are very familiar with pop stars, but they also need to be aware that our splendid traditional culture is equally worth inheriting. 【解析】 【详解】考查形容和固定搭配。句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时；“如今”用nowadays作时间状语；“许多年轻人”用many young people；“对……了如指掌”用be very familiar with...，用but连接并列句，表转折；“需意识到”用need to be aware that...，that引导宾语从句；“我们璀璨的传统文化”用our splendid traditional culture；“同样值得传承”用is also worth inheriting。故翻译为：Nowadays, many young people are very familiar with pop stars, but they also need to be aware that our splendid traditional culture is equally worth inheriting. 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 复旦大学附属中学2025学年第一学期 高一年级英语学科期末考试试卷 (考试时间：120分钟 满分：115分) I. Grammar and Vocabulary (45分，每题1分) Section A Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D, choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. 1. All animals that can suffer are equally entitled to _________ and humane treatment, regardless of their species. A. respective B. respectable C. respectful D. respected 2. The board ordered the strategic initiative _________ in the proposal _________ by next week. A. referred to… was implemented B. centered around… was implemented C. referred to… be implemented D. centered around… be implemented 3. Chinese communities celebrating abroad may _________ locally available ingredients for some Chinese cooking staples to recreate the taste of home. A. prefer B. integrate C. replace D. substitute 4. The young man understood that moth poo, though seemingly insignificant, was essential for the plants to _________ and thus maintain _________ the food chain. A. preserve; the variety of B. flourish; the variety of C. preserve; a variety of D. flourish; a variety of 5. Not wanting to seem “out of place” in his social circle, he sometimes is _________ into agreeing to group activities he’s not really interested in. A. encouraged B. charmed C. transformed D. rushed 6. While both candidates were qualified, her ability to think strategically under pressure _________ the balance in her favor. A. struck B. destroyed C. kept D. tipped 7. Chronic stress, if left unmanaged, tends to be _________ by cognitive decline such as reduced working memory and decision-making capacity. A. accompanied B. caused C. staged D. struck 8. During the trial, the suspect _________ his innocence, claiming he _________ his family at the time the crime was committed. A. maintained; was in the company of B. insisted; kept company with C. maintained; kept company with D. insisted; was in the company of 9. Educators are concerned about the potential negative _________ on student engagement due to the increasing reliance on AI chatbots. A. defect B. affection C. affect D. effect 10. The library will _________ the students for returning all their borrowed books on time throughout the year. A. award B. reward C. present D. transfer 11. Like many Hollywood blockbusters, Avatar 3 (阿凡达3) concludes with the villains’ defeat and the heroes’ victory, ensuring that peace and order be _________ to Pandora. A. maintained B. directed C. restored D. imposed 12. The marketing team decided to _________ a survey to potential customers to identify their primary _________ of product information. A. send out; resource B. send for; resource C. send out; source D. send for; source 13. “As the bell rang and the teacher shouted ‘pens down,’ I felt a _________ of relief wash over me.” Which of the following words does NOT fit naturally in the blank? A. sigh B. sense C. rush D. wave 14. It was the King’s ignorance of the law of nature that was _________ the collapse of the local ecosystem. A. accompanied by B. sensitive to C. responsible for D. familiar to 15. _________ our daily lives with the highlight reels (高光时刻) of social media stars, even subconsciously, can fuel feelings of inadequacy. A. Compared B. Being compared C. To compare D. Comparing 16. The young author was the first _________ the prestigious literary award three times consecutively, _________ the entire publishing industry. A. winning; amazed B. to win; amazed C. winning; amazing D. to win; amazing 17. The main obstacle _________ a breakthrough is the lack of such advanced equipment _________ we desperately need for the experiment. A. to achieving; that B. to achieve; that C. to achieving; as D. to achieve; as 18. The group submitted two plans for the project, one of them _________ into use. A. was put B. put C. having put D. putting 19. With everyone _________, the head teacher began the meeting, _________ the importance of self-discipline for senior high students. A. seating; highlighted B. seated; highlighting C. seated; highlighted D. seating; highlighting 20. Inspired by her teacher’s encouraging words, _________. A. a new passion for learning was sparked in the student B. the student decided to pursue a career in education C. her grades showed remarkable improvement D. the student’s confidence grew significantly 21. The new service enables customers to have their preferred products _________ to their doorstep within an hour. A. to be delivered B. being delivered C. delivering D. delivered 22. Chemical processes _________ in the plastic manufacture _________ the environment of this village badly in the 1950s. A. involving; damaging B. involved; damaging C. involving; damaged D. involved; damaged 23. We all desire a close relationship _________ trust is implicit, yet in reality, there are occasions ________ even the strongest trust can be shaken by unforeseen events. A. where; when B. where; where C. that; when D. that; where 24. _________ solves the next question first will get extra credit, so the class is eager to know _________ will succeed. A. No matter who; whoever B. Whoever; whoever C. No matter who; who D. Whoever; who 25. The main reason why Asian elephants are endangered is _________ used to be home to them have been seriously destroyed. A. where B. what C. that where D. that what Section B (A) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. graded B. aid C. arguments D. pasted E. involvement F. appreciated G. input H. commitment I. ideal J. paradise K. issues Not setting homework can be impossible in certain situations. There are many ____26____ for homework, and most teachers would agree with many of the following: homework is a perfect opportunity to review what was done with the teacher, and rethink and develop that initial ____27____ ; homework offers a moment for students to work as individuals and develop self- governance outside the classroom; students and parents expect homework to be set and ____28____ . Nevertheless, the drawbacks homework may have are often overlooked. There are two key ____29____ which need to be addressed when dealing with the validity of homework. Firstly, there is the question of home. Often homework is not done at home at all, but at a friend’s house, on the way back home or to class. Additionally, for it to be done effectively at home, homework often requires adults’ ____30____ . Parents aren’t always available and a tutor’s ability to ____31____ and guide may be limited in many ways. The implications are unsettling: if homework is crucial to success in class, some children have an automatic disability. If the idea of “home” can be problematic, so can the concept of “work”. Very often there is so much to do and homework is usually something to get out of the way as fast as possible. It might be correct or not, copied from a friend or cut and ____32____ from the Internet, but the important thing is that a teacher sees the exercise completed and, as a result, the task achieved: how much effort went into that result is not always ____33____ or easy to evaluate and, even when work clearly falls below standard, and the mere fact of its having been done is often good enough. Teacher and students are happy because everyone has officially fulfilled their ____34____. The ____35____ that students go home, review what they did with their teacher, use the great resources to put everything they have learnt in class into practice, doesn’t often happen with some students. (B) Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. range B. produce C. private D. lower E. affordable F. minimal G. solution H. award I. soil J. home K. stop Community Gardens: Small Spaces, Big Benefits One way people are responding to food safety concerns is by growing their own food. However, not everyone lives on property with enough space for a ___36___ plot. One ___37___ is community gardens, which have become popular worldwide, numbering 18,000 in North America alone. In addition to providing low-cost, delicious food, these public spaces offer cities a ___38___ of other benefits. Community gardens are located in a town or city and tended by local residents. Often, the land is on a vacant lot owned by the city. The site is divided into manageable parts, which may be taken care of by individuals or by the garden’s members collectively. Since the land is usually publicly owned, the cost for gardeners to rent it is ___39___. In fact, New York City, which is ___40___ to more than 750 community gardens managed by more than 20,000 members, charges people just $1 a year to lease a patch. Other costs involve ___41___, tools, seeds, fencing, and so on. However, because they’re shared by many people, individual gardeners pay very little. A community garden can quickly pay off, in terms of delicious fruits and vegetables, in addition to beautiful flowers. Extra ___42___ can be sold for a profit at farmers markets. But a garden’s benefit doesn’t ___43___ there. They also beautify cities, foster strong relationships among residents, and ___44___ an area’s crime rate. Award-winning spaces like London’s Culpeper Community Garden even attract tourists. Beautiful and ____45____, community gardens are often described as oases in crowded cities. II. Reading Comprehension Section A (1*15每题1分) Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. The Life-changing Loose Thread A California man and his family went from rags to riches after discovering that the blanket given to him by his grandmother was worth a small fortune. Loren Krytzer was living in a small hut and barely ____46____ on his disability payments. One day, he happened to be watching Antiques Roadshow on TV when he learned that the forgotten old blanket in his closet might be ____47____. The Krytzer family heirloom (传家宝) ____48____ to be an antique Navajo weaving from the 19th century that fetched US$1. 5 million at auction. Krytzer’s blanket was prized for much more than its antiquity. Among Native American tribes, the Navajo are recognized ____49____ the most skillful weavers of blankets and rugs. The weaving style is characterized by vivid, varied patterns and exceptional ____50____. From shearing the sheep, spinning, preparing, and dyeing the wool to the actual weaving process, it ____51____ around 345 hours to create one blanket. Women ____52____ wove Navajo blankets while men built the weaving devices. To this day, Navajo people still maintain the division of work and make high quality blankets and rugs to sell. A firm ____53____ is that since only God is perfect, their creations should have some imperfection. Navajo people also believe that their souls are ____54____ into every weaving, so they intentionally include a hidden loose thread into each piece. This ensures that it isn’t too ____55____, and their souls can still find their way into the afterlife. Once dependent on disability payments to make ends meet, the Krytzers managed to find the loose thread on their road to riches that allowed them to ____56____ the trap of financial ruin. In a (n) ____57____ twist, the family’s life-changing windfall (意外之财) came with a huge tax bill from the government and a lot of begging relatives. After taking a family vacation in Mexico, buying a new sports car and a couple of real estate purchases, Krytzer ____58____ his disability payments. Now ____59____, he gets big bills for property taxes and insurance. Ironically, the family decided to ____60____ to a less expensive state to save money. 46. A. getting by B. getting through C. getting over D. getting back 47. A. valueless B. priceless C. worthless D. worthy 48. A. worked out B. figured out C. turned out D. came out 49. A. as B. for C. with D. by 50. A. durability B. stability C. reliability D. sustainability 51. A. takes B. spends C. costs D. consumes 52. A. delicately B. traditionally C. professionally D. skillfully 53. A. promise B. principle C. belief D. rule 54. A. sewn B. mixed C. fixed D. rooted 55. A. complete B. smooth C. beautiful D. perfect 56. A. escape B. set C. find D. sense 57. A. rewarding B. lucky C. unfortunate D. amazing 58. A. replaced B. lost C. renewed D. preserved 59. A. therefore B. meanwhile C. otherwise D. instead 60. A. immigrate B. relocate C. emigrate D. displace Section B (61-64每题2分；65-68每题1分) Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) I’ve been in an 18-year love-hate relationship with a black walnut tree. It’s a unique tree. In late September or early October, falling fruits as hard as baseballs threaten the skulls (头骨) of you, your children, your neighbors and those that reside next door to them. Umbrellas in the yard are a must while dining in early August, and as for me, I wear my bike helmet while working in the garden. The black walnut also releases a chemical substance through its roots as a competitive strategy. It’s poisonous to several common plants. There have been many new plant varieties that I brought home with hopes that maybe the black walnut would accept them, but they failed to flourish. What does work are native plants that naturally grow in the area. Native plants are important to have around since they provide beneficial pollinators (传粉者) like birds, bees and butterflies with seeds and contribute to a healthy and diverse environment. Native plants for this area are generally easy to grow, so they experience less stress. Have I thought of getting rid of this giant pain in my tiny backyard? Yes, however, getting rid of this tree standing at 50 feet with an 87-inch trunk is next to impossible. It’s also protected under the law. Rightfully so. Trees are important to the urban forest and for all of those that inhabit it. Sometimes I think about my life without the black walnut. I can’t imagine a spring without the birds who arrive every year and loudly sing their songs before dawn. I’d miss falling asleep on lazy weekend afternoons as I look up into its leaves. Every spring, I wonder what the season holds: What are the chances of being knocked unconscious while barbecuing? Like any good relationship, I’ll never be pleased. I’m stuck with this tree, so I’ll listen to its needs and give it the space it requires. In return, my walnut offers a habitat for wildlife and a reminder that __________. 61. Why does the author wear a bike helmet while working in the garden? A. To protect the injured skull. B. To prevent herself from sunburn. C. To avoid being hit by the nuts. D. To reduce the chance of getting bitten by bees. 62. How does the black walnut tree ensure its survival? A. By attracting birds and insects to pollinate nearby plants. B. By releasing substances to keep animals away. C. By producing chemicals that prevent certain plants from growing nearby. D. By competing aggressively for water and nutrients in the soil. 63. Which of the following DOESN’T account for the author’s love-hate relationship with the tree? A. The volume of its fruits may bring inconvenience. B. The tree outcompetes the native plants in the garden. C. The tree is home to numerous birds and other creatures. D. The presence of the tree takes up much space of the garden. 64. The author most probably got a reminder from the tree that _________. A. it’s better to give than to take B. trees and plants have their own ways to flourish C. a good relationship always comes with trouble D. acceptance, instead of resistance, is the better way to be (B) One day, my 11-year-old daughter told me that she wanted to return a pair of pants on Amazon. “You need to keep clicking the ‘something else’ button if you want to talk to a real person,” I told her. She followed my word, and after a bit of clicking, she managed to talk to a real customer-service agent and get the pants returned. In the process, I had the chance to think about what this everyday interaction was teaching my daughter. I thought about what it meant to constantly ask for “something else”. It’s not only about having a real person to talk with. It’s equally about the quality of our communication. It involves thinking something, then saying it, and then having another person think and say something back to you. It seems simple and yet it may become the exception, not the rule. In many cases, it already has. With the “quick responses” at the bottom of many email platforms, potential responses often appear right in front of us. “Yes, sure.” “Of course!” or “I got it.” The responses, I’ve noticed, are mostly okay. Sometimes, they’re exactly what I want to say. Occasionally, they’re wildly wrong. At first, I told myself I wouldn’t use those pre-made responses. Soon enough, though, I got in a rush and found they were good. What would happen if our language got automated in general in this way? What if, instead of generating responses, we simply pointed and clicked? Choosing a response is a kind of thinking, but it’s far less accurate than the kind needed to generate content. It has to do more with recognizing a “good enough” response. Instead of starting with a blank board, we critique things. That’s not useless, but it doesn’t replace thinking in a generative way. If kids only critique something, they won’t have original thoughts. They may become great editors, but they’ll likely struggle to create ideas in fresh ways. There’s no simple solution and certainly no way to turn back the clock on automated talk. Yet, as we move forward, we need to consider carefully how simple changes in communication can have serious effects. If we want to help our kids, the “something else” we searched for — authentic human conversation — should not be the exception, but the rule. 65. What contributes to high-quality communication according to paragraph 2? A. The clear goals. B. The exact expressions. C. The process of thinking. D. The immediate response. 66. How does the author feel about using the pre-made responses? A. Curious and eager to try them out. B. Annoyed and resistant to their widespread use. C. Disappointed by their frequent inaccuracy. D. Unwilling but finally aware of their convenience. 67. What concern does the author raise about children’s overuse of automated language? A. It will make their expressions more accurate and efficient. B. It may limit the development of their editing and revising skills. C. It may undermine their capacity for original and independent thinking. D. It increases their engagement in thoughtful, meaningful communication. 68. What can be the best title for the text? A. My Reflection on the Automated Talk B. My Unforgettable Online Return Experience C. The Art of Guiding Children’s Creativity D. The Benefits of Using Automation in Communication (C) Teen Creative Writing Release your creativity as a writer, while learning the tricks of the trade. You have the freedom to write what you want, but you also need to gain the discipline of writing. There are no grades, no exams, and no wrong answers — just creative writing. Each class is taught by a teacher experienced in helping young writers discover and develop their unique voices. This course is offered as a 6-week online class (with a 3-hour session per week) . It’s open to students aged from 13 to 17. Upcoming Classes ● Starting on Tuesday, October 21st ● Online, anytime ● Registration fee $25, paid once per term The Syllabus (教学大纲) The syllabus varies from teacher to teacher, term to term. Many topics will be similar to those covered in the online classes. Course Components Week 1 (OIL) Realizing the importance of having fun with writing, and exploring essential elements of creative writing — observation, imagination, and language. Week 2 (Show & Tell) Understanding the difference between showing and telling, as well as techniques for showing — sensory description, specificity, and scenes. Week 3 (Fiction) Learning the types and forms of fiction, where to find fiction ideas, and the basics of creating a story — characters, plots, and points of view. Week 4 (Nonfiction) Exploring three types of creative nonfiction writing — memoirs, personal essays, and narrative nonfiction, as well as learning where to find nonfiction ideas. * Note: Content may vary among individual classes. 69. What can we know about the Teen Creative Writing course? A. It encourages creative expression without pressure. B. It focuses on preparing students for writing exams. C. It restricts enrollment to students with writing experience. D. It assigns grades based on students’ writing quality. 70. In which week can you learn to write about real-life figures in the course? A. Week 1 B. Week 2 C. Week 3 D. Week 4 71. Where are we most likely to read the text? A. In a teacher’s exam preparation guide. B. In a student course selection handbook. C. In a textbook introducing writing skills. D. On a creative writing competition notice. (D) Pets On Board! Traveling with a pet can be just as involved as booking a flight for yourself. From weight limits to carrier sizes — and sometimes even buying an extra seat — the rules vary widely among airlines. Below is a comparison of four airlines that permit pets onboard, each offering a distinct approach to in-cabin (舱内) pet travel. JetBlue (United States) JetBlue allows small dogs and cats to travel in the cabin, with each passenger permitted to bring one pet. The pet must remain in a carrier that fits under the seat, and only a limited number of pets are accepted on each flight. While JetBlue no longer sets a strict weight limit for pets, the carrier size is tightly controlled. The airline charges a fixed fee for each pet per flight, and early booking is recommended due to capacity limits. Vueling (Spain) The Spanish airline Vueling mainly operates out of Barcelona. It permits pets to fly in the cabin as long as the combined weight of the pet and carrier does not exceed 8kg. The carrier must meet specific size requirements, and no more than three pets are allowed per flight. Fees vary depending on whether the flight is domestic or international. Etihad Airways (United Arab Emirates) Etihad Airways provides one of the most flexible options for pet travel, allowing passengers either to place a small pet at their feet or to purchase an additional seat for the animal. Larger carriers are permitted when a seat is bought, but strict weight limits still apply. While this flexibility may appeal to some travelers, the cost has risen sharply in recent years, making Etihad the most expensive option among the four airlines. KM Malta Airlines (Malta) Based in the Mediterranean island nation of Malta, KM Malta Airlines offers a more generous weight allowance than many European airlines, permitting pets of up to 10kg including the carrier to travel in the cabin. Each passenger may bring up to two pets on board. A valid health certificate for their pets is required at check-in. A single fixed fee applies regardless of destination. 72. Which statement is consistent with JetBlue’s pet policy as described in the passage? A. Passengers may carry more than one pet if space allows. B. Pets must be kept in a carrier that fits beneath the seat. C. Passengers may purchase an extra seat for a pet carrier to be placed on it. D. Pets must meet a strict weight limit set by the airline. 73. What do Vueling and KM Malta Airlines have in common when it comes to flying with pets? A. Both limit the number of pets allowed in the cabin on each flight. B. Both require passengers to present a valid health certificate for their pets. C. Both allow pets weighing up to 10kg to travel in the cabin. D. Both charge pet fees that increase with flight distance. 74. Which airline is suitable for passengers who value flexibility in carrier size over cost? A. JetBlue B. Vueling C. Etihad Airways D. KM Malta Airlines (E) Imagine this. You need an image of a balloon for a work presentation and turn to an AI text-to-image generator to create a suitable image. You enter the prompt (提示词) “red balloon against a blue sky” but the generator returns an image of an egg instead. What’s going on? The generator you’re using may have been “poisoned”. What does this mean? Text-to-image generators work by being trained on large datasets that include millions or billions of images. Some of the generators have been trained by randomly scraping online images, many of which may be under copyright. This has led to many copyright infringement (侵害) cases where artists have accused big tech companies of stealing and profiting from their work. This is also where the idea of “poison” comes in. Researchers who want to empower individual artists have recently created a tool named “Nightshade” to fight back against unauthorized image scraping. The tool works by slightly altering an image’s pixels (像素) in a way that confuses the computer vision system but leaves the image unaltered to a human’s eyes. If an organization then scrapes one of these images to train a future AI model, its data pool becomes “poisoned”. This can result in mistaken learning, which makes the generator return unintended results. As in our earlier example, a balloon might become an egg. The higher the number of “poisoned” images in the training data, the greater the impact. Because of how generative AI works, the damage from “poisoned” images also affects related prompt keywords. For example, if a “poisoned” image of a Picasso work is used in training data, prompt results for masterpieces from other artists can also be affected. Possibly, tools like Nightshade can be abused by some users to intentionally upload “poisoned” images in order to confuse AI generators. But the Nightshade’s developer hopes the tool will make big tech companies more respectful of copyright. It does challenge a common belief among computer scientists that data found online can be used for any purpose they see fit. Human rights activists, for example, have been concerned for some time about the uncontrolled use of machine vision in wider society. This concern is particularly serious concerning facial recognition. There is a clear connection between facial recognition cases and data poisoning, as both relate to larger questions around technological governance. It may be better to see data poisoning as an innovative solution to the denial of some fundamental human rights. 75. What does the underlined word “scraping” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. facilitating B. collecting C. damaging D. polishing 76. According to the passage, what is the consequence of data poisoning? A. increasing the accuracy of returned information B. causing users to forget the prompt key words C. affecting the training of generative AI D. discriminating against great masterpieces 77. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs? A. Data poisoning is somehow justified to direct attention to human rights. B. Computer scientists have learned to respect the copyright of most artists. C. Nightshade is being abused by human rights activists to recognize faces. D. The issue of technological governance has aroused the lawyers’ interest. 78. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage? A. Data Poisoning: Government Empowering Citizens to Protect Themselves B. Data Poisoning: Addressing Facial Recognition Issues Among Artists C. Data Poisoning: Risks and Rewards of Generative AI Data Training D. Data Poisoning: Empowering Artists and Beyond Section C (每题2分) Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two sentences than you need. As a coach, I generally encourage the people I work with to keep a journal. With my MBA students at Stanford, this is even a formal requirement of my class. The purpose of journaling is to make sure that learning continues beyond the end of a class or coaching session. ____79____ This long experience has convinced me of the value of journaling and is consistent with what I know about experiential learning. But why does it actually work? What are the underlying processes that make journal writing meaningful? Research by neuroscientist (神经科学家) Joseph Ledoux offers some answers. He challenges the traditional idea that memories are simply stored and later retrieved. Instead, his research suggests that memories are reshaped each time they are recalled. ____80____ Journaling helps us revisit experiences, update our understanding, and create records we can return to later. ____81____ He distinguishes between emotional memories, which operate largely outside conscious awareness, and cognitive memories, which involve deliberate and conscious understanding. Emotional responses, Ledoux explains, are often processed unconsciously before we even know. Writing after emotional experiences allows us to process those emotions more clearly and thoughtfully. But, of course, many otherwise valuable coaching sessions and experiential learning activities don’t evoke strong emotions — is it helpful to journal in these cases as well? Ledoux’s research shows that emotional memories are naturally stronger and longer-lasting than non-emotional ones. Without reflection, quieter experiences may easily be forgotten. ____82____ A. Ledoux’s research mainly focuses on how digital tools can enhance memory retention and learning efficiency. B. Ledoux’s work on emotion and cognition suggests an even more powerful reason for the value of journaling. C. In short, our memory about something is only as good as our last memory about it. D. Journaling is most effective when learners experience strong emotions during coaching sessions. E. Each year, I read nearly 1,000 of my students’ journal entries, and I’ve kept a personal journal for decades. F. Journaling after non-emotional experiences strengthens these memories and prevents them from being lost among more powerful and long-lasting emotional memories. III. Productive Grammar (每题1分，共10分) Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. The Swiss Compromise: No Killing, Just Coping with a Beaver Boom “I hate beavers,” a woman tells the beaver hotline. Forty years ago, she planted an oak tree in a small town in southern Zurich ____83____ the frontier of beaver expansion now lies, but the tree has just been brought down. Beavers, nature’s great engineers, can cause chaos during winter as they renovate their lodges and build up their dams. For people, this can mean flooding, sinkholes appearing in roads and trees being felled. A single incident can cause 70,000 Swiss francs (£65,000) in damages. ____84____ (cope), the beaver-rich canton of Zurich came up with the hotline. ____85____ is suffering from the seasonal home-improvement projects by the semi-aquatic rodents can get in touch with the local Beaver Advisory Centre. ____86____ (staff) by ecologists who give advice, assess damages and evaluate potential compensation, the center runs the hotline, hoping to calm down people furious at their beaver neighbors. Switzerland is experiencing a beaver boom. When top predators first ____87____ (recolonize) a former habitat — such as when wolves, bears and eagles return to areas across Europe — population growth is usually slow, then it moves exponentially. In 2008, there were 1,600 beavers, and in 2022 there were 4,900, with numbers likely to have increased since. What is striking about the Swiss example is the degree ____88____ citizens accept living alongside them. Unlike in most European countries, no beaver ____89____ (kill) legally in Switzerland since they were reintroduced in 1956. The local beavers’ latest trick has been raising the height of their dam — an enterprise that risks ____90____ (flood) the sewage system. “It’s ____91____ who’s more patient: man or beaver? Once you start touching their dams, they get inventive and build new dams.” says Roos, a public works employee ____92____ (maintain) waterways, roads, streets and paths in the municipality of Hettlingen. IV. Sentence Translation (3+3+4+5=15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 93. 中国传统书法被誉为“纸上的舞蹈”，具有很高的艺术价值。(refer, which) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________ 94. 当那位建筑师看见胆怯的花朵从冻结的土地中破土而出时，她内心对于自然的赞叹之情难以言表。 (beyond) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________ 95. 各国的成人礼习俗根植于各自的传统价值观，因此庆祝方式在内容和形式上差异很大。(root, vary) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________ 96. 如今，许多年轻人对流行明星了如指掌，但他们也需意识到我们璀璨的传统文化同样值得传承。 (familiar, aware) (汉译英) __________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $