Unit 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas & Grammar（导学案）英语新教材外研版八年级下册

该初中英语导学案围绕Unit 1 Career talks展开，涵盖职业相关重点词汇、短语、句型及一般现在时和一般将来时被动语态语法。课堂导入通过“人物与职业匹配”活动，从match的用法切入，关联旧知动词搭配，过渡到职业主题词汇，搭建从词汇到语法的学习支架，梳理前后知识脉络。 资料特色在于知识梳理与情境化练习结合，如词汇辨析表格、被动语态结构对比，培养思维品质。练习题贴近生活（如“教室充满笑声”翻译），提升语言能力，即时练习强化学习策略，助力学习能力发展，适合初中英语教学使用。

Unit 1 Career talks Starting out & Understanding ideas & Grammar 1. 掌握Unit 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas & Grammar部分的重点单词、短语和句型； · 单词：career, wet, drop, watermelon, remind, newborn, brush, speech, challenging, company, interview, communication, skill, require, organise, throughout, benefit, leadership, training · 短语：be filled with, bit by bit, pass through, hold up, a sense of achievement, say goodbye to, because of , feel thankful for, in time, be encouraged by, a piece of, clean up, make sure · 句型：(1) ... is not always considered ..., but ... (2) ... will be kept ... 2. 掌握一般现在时和一般将来时的被动语态用法。 一、单词填空 1. Look! The lovely __________（新生的）baby is sleeping well in the small bed. 2. It’s too hot today. Shall we go and buy a __________（西瓜）? 3. The student made a wonderful __________（演讲）at the school opening ceremony. 4. Suddenly, the __________ (drop) of rain started to fall on our umbrella. 5. His excellent __________ (leader) helped the team win the game at last. 6. How about __________ (organise) a party to celebrate our team’s success? 【答案】1. newborn 2. watermelon 3. speech 4. drops 5. leadership 6. organising 【解析】 1. 此处需要一个形容词修饰名词 baby，括号内中文释义为“新生的”，对应的英文单词就是newborn，它可作形容词表示“新生的”，符合句子语法和语义。故填newborn。 2. 括号内中文是“西瓜”，对应英文单词 watermelon。句中a后接可数名词单数，故填watermelon。 3. 括号内中文为“演讲”，对应的英文单词是 speech。a wonderful 后接可数名词单数，短语make a speech 意为“发表演讲”，故填speech。 4. 括号内给出的单词是drop，它作名词时意为“滴”，是可数名词。句中谓语动词started 为原形，且结合语境“雨滴开始落在我们的雨伞上”，雨滴不止一滴，因此需要用复数形式，故填drops。 5. 括号内给出的单词是leader，意为“领导者”，但句中形容词excellent修饰的应该是一个名词，且表达 “领导力”的含义，才能符合“他出色的____帮助团队最终赢得了比赛”的语义。leader 的名词形式leadership 表示“领导力”，为不可数名词，故填leadership。 6. 括号内单词为organise，句中使用了固定句型 How about doing sth.?（意为“做某事怎么样？”），介词about后接动词时，需要用其动名词形式，故填organising。 二、翻译 1．每天早上，教室里都充满了笑声。（be filled with） 2．因为重感冒，他没有去上学。（because of） 3．是时候告别旧年，迎接新年了。（say goodbye to） 4．上学前，妈妈给了我一片面包。（a piece of） 5．幸运的是，我们在火车离开前及时到达了火车站。（in time） 【答案】1．The classroom is filled with laughter every morning. 2. He didn’t go to school because of his bad cold. 3. It’s time to say goodbye to the old year and welcome the new one. 4. My mother gave me a piece of bread before I went to school. 5. Luckily, we arrived at the railway station in time before the train left. 【解析】 1. 固定搭配be filled with意为“充满……”，主语是the classroom（单数），时间状语every morning表明是一般现在时，因此be动词用 is。“笑声”译为 laughter（不可数名词），“每天早上”译为every morning，置于句末符合英语语序习惯。故答案为The classroom is filled with laughter every morning. 2. 固定搭配because of 后接名词/代词/动名词，不能接句子；“重感冒”译为 his bad cold（名词短语），符合搭配要求。句子描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，否定形式为 didn’t + 动词原形，go to school 为固定短语，意为“去上学”。故答案为He didn’t go to school because of his bad cold. 3. 固定句型It’s time to do sth. 意为“是时候做某事了”，it 作形式主语，真正主语是后面的不定式短语。say goodbye to… 意为“向……告别”；“迎接”译为 welcome；为避免重复，“新年”用 the new one 替代 the new year。故答案为It’s time to say goodbye to the old year and welcome the new one. 4. 固定搭配a piece of 用于修饰不可数名词 bread，表示“一片面包”。句子描述过去的动作，用一般过去时，give 的过去式为 gave；“上学前”译为 before I went to school，时间状语从句时态与主句一致。故答案为My mother gave me a piece of bread before I went to school. 5. “幸运的是”应使用副词形式luckily，固定搭配arrive at后接小地点；“车站” 译为the railway station, “及时”译为in time，“在火车离开前”译为before the train left，时间状语从句时态与主句一般过去时保持一致。故答案为Luckily, we arrived at the railway station in time before the train left. 第一部分 Starting out 【知识梳理1】Match these people to their jobs. match 动词 搭配；匹配；相配 名词 火柴；比赛 名词复数形式是__________ 短语：把……和……匹配__________________ 与……相配_______________ 【答案】matches match ... to ... match up 【即时练习】 1. Our class won the basketball __________（比赛）yesterday. We were all excited. 2. — Why not buy this blue skirt? It __________（搭配）your blouse. — Good idea! 3. 你们需要在这道练习题里把单词和它们对应的意思匹配起来。（翻译句子） _______________________________________________________ 【答案】1. match 2. matches 3. You need to match the words to their correct meanings in this exercise. 【知识梳理2】Who keeps our world running? keep + 宾语 保存某物、留住某人 keep + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 使（宾语）处于某种状态 keep + 形容词 保持（某种状态） keep + 动名词 坚持做（某事） 短语：写日记________________ 保持健康________________ 保持安静________________ 保守秘密________________ 与……保持联系________________ 【答案】keep a diary keep healthy keep silent keep a secret keep in touch with 【即时练习】 1. Though he was tired, he still _________ (keep) working until he finished the work. 2. Do you think it’s a good habit __________ (keep) a diary? 3. 如果你想保持清醒，喝点茶。 __________________________________________________________________ 【答案】1. kept 2. to keep 3. If you want to keep awake, drink some tea. 【知识梳理3】What other jobs do you know? other, the other, others, the others, another 用法辨析 词语 词性 含义及用法 例句 other 形容词 其他的 我们应该帮助班里的其他学生。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ the other 两者中的另一个； 其余的 我有两支钢笔，一支红色，另一支黑色。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ others 代词 其他人/物（泛指） 一些学生喜欢数学，另一些喜欢英语。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ the others 其余的人/物 （特指） 我们班有50个学生，20个是男生，其余的是女生。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ another 形容词 代词 另一个 （三者及以上当中） 这件衬衫太小了，请再给我拿一件。____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 We should help other students in our class. I have two pens. One is red, the other (pen) is blue. Some students like math, others like English. There are 50 students in our class. 20 are boys, the others are girls. This shirt is too small. Please give me another one. 【即时练习】 根据句意用other, the other, others, the others或another填空。 1. There are many students on the playground. Some are playing basketball, and __________ are running. 2. --- Shall we go to the park tomorrow? --- I’m afraid I have too much homework to do. How about making it __________ day? 3. Don’t just stay at home. You should go to __________ places to relax. 4. There are two books on the desk. One is mine, and __________ is my sister’s. 5. I have three uncles. One is a doctor, __________ are policemen. 【答案】1. others 2. another 3. other 4. the other 5. the others 第二部分 Understanding ideas 【知识梳理4】The past 30 years were filled with both challenges and joys. 1. be filled with 意思是____________ 同义短语___________________ 花园里都是花。___________________________=___________________________ 2. both ... and ... 意思是______________ 类似的搭配 既不……也不……________________ 要么……要么……________________ 不但……而且……________________ 【答案】1. 充满；装满 be full of The garden is full of flowers. = The garden is filled with flowers. 2. 两者都 neither ... nor... either ... or ... not only ... but also ... 【即时练习】 1. 这个小盒子里装满了五颜六色的糖果。 _______________________________________________________ 2. The old bottle ______ water, so we can’t pour more into it. A. is filled with B. is full with C. filled with D. full of 3. ______ my father ______ my mother are teachers. They work in the same school. A. Neither; nor B. Either; or C. Not only; but also D. Both; and 【答案】1.The little box is filled with colorful candies. 2. A 3. D 【知识梳理5】I watched her grow bit by bit. 1. watch sb. do sth. 意思是_______________ watch sb. doing sth. 意思是_______________ 类似的短语 看见/听见/注意到某人做某事（全过程）______________________________________ 看见/听见/注意到某人正在做某事 ______________________________________ 昨天我们看着孩子们在公园放风筝。 _______________________________________________________________ 刚才我开心地看着妈妈在包饺子。 _______________________________________________________________ 2. bit by bit 意思是______________ 同义短语 _________________ 类似的短语 一天天地______________ 一步步地______________ 一个接一个______________ 我们通过日常阅读和练习，一点一点地学会了英语。 ___________________________________________________________________ 【答案】1. 看见某人做某事（全过程） 看见某人正在做某事 see/hear/notice sb. do sth. see/hear/notice sb. doing sth. We watched the children fly kites in the park yesterday. I watched my mother making dumplings happily just now. 2. 逐渐地；慢慢地 little by little day by day step by step one by one We learned English bit by bit through daily reading and practice. 【即时练习】 1. She always __________ (watch) her brother __________ (play) football after school. 2. The teacher watched the students __________ (discuss) in groups at that moment. 3. With patience, you will learn to play the piano well ______, not in a short time. A. bit by bit B. day by day C. step by step D. one by one 【答案】1. watches; play 2. discussing 3. A 【知识梳理6】I found a sense of achievement in my job. 1. a sense of 意思是______________ 搭配短语 中文释义 例句 a sense of __________ 方向感 她的方向感很好，从来不会迷路。 ________________________________________________________ a sense of __________ 幽默感 我的英语老师很有幽默感，我们都喜欢她的课。 ________________________________________________________ a sense of __________ 幸福感 帮助别人给我们带来幸福感。 ________________________________________________________ a sense of __________ 责任感 作为青少年，我们应该提高责任感。 ________________________________________________________ a sense of __________ 安全感 开车时系好安全带能给我们带来安全感。 ________________________________________________________ 其他搭配：a sense of smell ____________ a sense of hearing ___________ 2. achievement 名词 成就 动词形式______________ 意思是__________ 形容词形式 _____________ 意思是__________ 短语：取得成就______________________ 你需要努力工作，在自己的领域取得成就。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】1. ……感；一种……的感觉 搭配短语 中文释义 例句 a sense of direction 方向感 She has a good sense of direction, so she never gets lost. a sense of humo(u)r 幽默感 My English teacher has a strong sense of humor, and we all like his classes. a sense of happiness 幸福感 Helping others brings us a sense of happiness. a sense of responsibility 责任感 As teenagers, we should develop a sense of responsibility. a sense of safety 安全感 Wearing seat belts can give us a sense of safety when we drive a car. 嗅觉 听觉 2. 实现；完成；取得（成就） achievable 可实现的；可达到的 make an achievement You need to work hard to make an achievement in your field. 【即时练习】 1. My grandpa has a good sense of ___________ (hear/ hearing). 2. A good student should have a strong sense of ___________ (responsible/ responsibility). 3. It is not easy ______ (achieve) the target in such a short time. 4. — After years of hard work, the scientist finally ______ his goal. — What a great man! A. achieved B. reached C. gained D. got 【答案】1. hearing 2. responsibility 3. to achieve 4. A 【知识梳理7】The city shines brighter because of us, and the job will make us shine, too. because of 意思是______________ （介词短语，后接名词/代词/动名词等） 连词形式是_________（引导原因状语从句） 由于学习努力，她考试取得了好成绩。 ___________________________________________________ 【答案】因为；由于 because Because of her hard work, she got good grades in the exam. 【即时练习】 1. He missed the bus because he got up late.（改为同义句） He missed the bus ______ ______ ______ up late. 2. 因为大风，我们没有去露营。 We didn’t go camping ______________________________. 【答案】1. because of getting 2. because of the strong wind 第三部分 Grammar 一般现在时和一般将来时的被动语态用法 【知识梳理1】一般现在时的被动语态 被动语态是英语中的一个重要语法结构，用来描述动作的承受者。一般现在时的被动语态用来描述现阶段经常发生、客观事实或普遍真理的被动动作，强调动作对主语的影响而非执行者。其基本结构如下： 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 The classroom is cleaned every day. 否定句 主语 + am/is/are + not + 过去分词? These shoes aren’t made by hand. 一般疑问句 Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 过去分词 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + am/is/are. 否定回答：No, 主语 + am not / isn’t / aren’t. Is English widely used all over the world? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t. 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + 过去分词? Where is tea grown? 【即时练习】 1. Rice ____________ (grow) in the south of China. 2. My mother waters the flowers every day.（改为含被动语态的句子） The flowers _________ ________ by my mother every day. 3. The little boy is taken good care of by his grandparents.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答） ______ the little boy ______ good care of by his grandparents? Yes, ______ ______. 【答案】1. is grown 2. are watered 3. Is taken he is 【知识梳理2】一般将来时的被动语态 一般将来时的被动语态描述未来将发生的被动动作，侧重动作对主语的预期影响。其基本结构如下： 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + will be + 过去分词 主语 + am/is/are going to be + 过去分词 A new bridge will be built next year. A new bridge is going to be built next year. 否定句 主语 + will not be + 过去分词 主语 + am/is/are not going to be + 过去分词 The sports meeting won’t be held this week. The sports meeting isn’t going to be held this week. 一般疑问句 Will + 主语 + be + 过去分词？ 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + will. 否定回答：No, 主语 + won’t. Am/Is/Are + 主语 + going to be + 过去分词? 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + am/is/are. 否定回答：No, 主语 + am not / isn’t / aren’t. Will the work be finished on time? Yes, it will. No, it won’t. Is the work going to be finished on time? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t. 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + will + 主语 + be + 过去分词? 特殊疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + going to be + 过去分词? When will the books be put? When are the books going to be put? 【即时练习】 1. A new robot ______ into use by the company in the next few months. A. put B. will put C. will be put D. is put 2.The new movie will be released next month.（对画线部分提问） _______ ______ the new movie ______ ______? 3. We won’t finish the project until next week. （改为含被动语态的句子） The project ______ ______ ______ until next week. 【答案】1. C 2. When will be released 3. won’t be finished 【知识梳理3】不能使用被动语态的动词 在英语中，不能使用被动语态的动词主要分为三类：不及物动词、系动词和部分表示状态或关系的及物动词，因为这类动词没有宾语，而被动语态的构成需要以“宾语变主语”为前提。 1. 不及物动词 不及物动词本身不能直接接宾语，因此无法转换为被动语态。常见的有：happen, take place, come, go, arrive, leave等。 2. 系动词 系动词的功能是连接主语和表语，没有实际的动作对象，不能用于被动语态。常见的有：be, seem, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, become, get, turn等。 3. 表示状态或关系的及物动词 这类动词虽然是及物动词，但表示的是主语的状态、属性或关系，而非动作，通常不用于被动语态。常见的有：have, own, understand, know等。 判断动词能否用于被动语态的核心：该动词在句中是否有逻辑宾语。 有宾语 → 可用于被动语态（如：He wrote a letter. → A letter was written by him.） 无宾语 → 不可用于被动语态 【即时练习】 1. Many leaves __________ (turn) yellow in autumn. 2. The cake __________ (smell) really delicious. Can I have one, Mum? 3. Don’t worry. She __________ (arrive) at the airport on time. 【答案】1. turn 2. smells 3. will arrive 【知识梳理4】一般现在时和一般将来时被动语态的对比记忆口诀 一般现在被动易，am/is/are + done 记心底； 一般将来被动式，will/be going to + be done 莫忘记； 动作对象作主语，语态转换有意义； 不及物动词无被动，这点千万要牢记。 【即时练习】 1. We follow the team rules strictly.（改为含被动语态的句子） _______________________________________________________ 2. We will hold a sports meeting next week.（改为含被动语态的句子） _______________________________________________________ 3. 昨天发生了一起严重的交通事故。（翻译句子） ______________________________________________________ 【答案】1. The team rules are followed strictly (by us). 2. A sports meeting will be hold (by us) next week. 3. A serious traffic accident happened yesterday. 一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Mr Smith __________ (remind) us that we would have two weeks to finish the project. 2. The kitchen is __________ (fill) with the smell of dishes. 3. Amy dreamed to be a __________ (sing) and finally she succeeded. 4. It’s so nice __________ (see) you again. 5. My father cut the watermelon into small pieces __________ (careful). 6. The parents hope to watch their newborn baby __________ (grow) bit by bit. 【答案】 1. reminded 2．filled 3．singer 4．to see 5．carefully 6．grow 【解析】 1. 从句中would have是过去将来时，表明主句动作发生在过去，需用一般过去时。remind的过去式为 reminded，故填reminded。 2. 本题考查固定搭配be filled with，意为“充满……”，是被动结构的常用短语。fill 的过去分词为filled，故填filled。 3. 不定冠词a后需接可数名词单数，sing是动词，意为“唱歌”，其对应的职业名词为singer（歌手），故填singer。 4. 本题考查固定句型It’s + adj. + to do sth.，表示“做某事是…… 的”，it作形式主语，真正主语是不定式。故填to see。 5. 空格处需填副词修饰动词cut（切），careful是形容词，意为“小心的”，其副词形式为carefully，故填carefully。 6. 本题考查固定搭配watch sb. do sth.，表示“观看某人做某事的全过程”。grow用原形符合该结构，故填grow。 二、单词拼写 7. When we won the team competition, everyone felt a sense of ____________（成就）in our hearts. 8. This old building was ____________（认为）a symbol of the city’s history by local people. 9. Her parents ____________（鼓励）her to keep practicing the piano even when she felt tired. 10. Lily spent three days preparing for her ____________（演讲）about teamwork and its importance. 11. Cooking is a useful ____________（技能）that can help us take better care of ourselves. 12. We are ____________（感激的）to our parents for their endless love and support. 13. The reporter will ____________（采访）the volleyball player about her team’s success. 14. Climbing the mountain is a ____________（富于挑战性的）task, but it’s also very exciting. 15. Her excellent ____________（领导才能）helped the team finish the task smoothly and quickly. 16. The athletes have to take part in strict ____________（训练）every day before the competition. 【答案】7. achievement 8. considered 9. encouraged 10. speech 11. skill 12. thankful 13. interview 14. challenging 15. leadership 16. training 【解析】 7. a sense of后接名词，“成就”的名词形式是achievement，且此处表示抽象意义，用单数形式。故填achievement。 8. 句子主语this old building和“认为”是被动关系，用被动语态be+过去分词，consider的过去分词是considered。故填considered。 9. 根据语境可知动作发生在过去，用一般过去时，“鼓励”的过去式是encouraged。故填encouraged。 10. 形容词性物主代词her后接名词，“演讲”的名词形式是speech，此处用单数形式即可。故填speech。 11. 不定冠词a后接可数名词单数，“技能”的单数名词形式是skill。故填skill。 12. be动词后接形容词作表语，“感激的”对应的形容词是thankful。故填thankful。 13. 情态动词will后接动词原形，“采访”的动词原形是interview。故填interview。 14. 名词task前需要形容词作定语，“富于挑战性的”对应的形容词是challenging。故填challenging。 15. 形容词excellent后接名词，“领导才能”的名词形式是leadership，为不可数名词。故填leadership。 16. 形容词strict后接名词，“训练”的名词形式是training，为不可数名词。故填training。 一、词汇运用 1．Choosing the right career __________ (require) careful consideration of one’s interests and strengths. 【答案】requires 【解析】句意：选择合适的职业需要仔细考量个人的兴趣和优势。句子主语Choosing the right career 是动名词短语，视为单数，谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式，故填requires。 2．A volunteer activity will be __________ (organise) to help the elderly this weekend. 【答案】organised 【解析】句意：本周末将组织一场志愿者活动来帮助老年人。主语A volunteer activity和动词organise是被动关系，本句是一般将来时的被动语态，结构为will be + 过去分词，故填organised。 3．Can you tell us how jobs keep our world __________ (run)? 【答案】running 【解析】句意：你能告诉我们工作是如何维持世界运转的吗？固定搭配keep sb./sth. doing sth. 表示“使某人/某物持续做某事”，此处需要填动名词形式，故填running。 4．The __________（好处）of teamwork is that we can finish tasks more efficiently.     【答案】benefit 【解析】句意：团队合作的好处是我们能更高效地完成任务。根据括号内的中文提示“好处”，且谓语动词为is，可知此处需要填单数名词benefit，故填benefit。 5．She started her own __________（公司）with her friends after graduating from university. 【答案】company 【解析】句意：她大学毕业后和朋友们一起创办了自己的公司。根据括号内的中文提示“公司”，且前面有形容词性物主代词her修饰，填单数名词company即可，故填company。 6．We need to improve our __________（沟通）skills to work better in a team. 【答案】communication 【解析】句意：为了在团队中更好地工作，我们需要提升自己的沟通能力。括号内的中文提示是“沟通”，此处需要用名词作定语修饰 skills，communication skills 是固定搭配，意为“沟通能力”，故填communication。 7．She kept working hard __________（自始至终）the year and finally got good grades. 【答案】throughout 【解析】句意：她一整年都坚持努力学习，最终取得了优异的成绩。根据括号内的中文提示“自始至终”，throughout the year是固定短语，意为“一整年”，故填throughout。 8．I have to see a d__________ because I’ve got a toothache. 【答案】dentist 【解析】句意：我牙疼，必须去看牙医。根据后文I’ve got a toothache以及首字母d提示，牙疼需要看牙医，dentist意为“牙医”，故填dentist。 9．Don’t go outside without an umbrella, or you will get w__________ in the rain. 【答案】wet 【解析】句意：没带伞的话别出门，否则你会被雨淋湿的。根据前文without an umbrella和首字母w提示，淋雨会变湿，get wet是固定搭配，意为“淋湿”，故填wet。 10．You should b__________ your teeth twice a day to keep them healthy and white. 【答案】brush 【解析】句意：你应该每天刷两次牙，保持牙齿健康洁白。根据后文your teeth和首字母b提示，此处表示“刷牙”，brush teeth是固定搭配，且should后接动词原形，故填brush。 二、单项选择 11．Many students like playing basketball. ______ prefer playing football in our class. A. Other B. Others C. The other D. Another 【答案】B 【解析】句意：很多学生喜欢打篮球，我们班的其他一些学生更喜欢踢足球。other 后需接名词复数；others 相当于 other + 名词复数，可单独作主语；the other 指“两者中的另一个”；another 指“三者及以上中的另一个”。本句无明确范围，用 others 指代“其他学生”，故选B。 12．A lot of trees ______ in our school yard every spring to make the environment better. A. are planted B. planted C.plant D. were planted 【答案】A 【解析】句意：每年春天我们校园里都会种很多树，来改善环境。主语 trees 和谓语 plant 是被动关系，要用被动语态；every spring 是一般现在时的标志，因此用一般现在时的被动语态 are planted。故选A。 13．We couldn’t finish the group project on time ______ some members’ sudden illness. A. because B. as C. because of D. since 【答案】C 【解析】句意：因为一些成员突然生病，我们没能按时完成小组项目。because/as/since 后接完整的句子；because of 后接名词、代词或动名词短语。本句空格后是名词短语 some members’ sudden illness，故选C。 14．A new library ______ in our community soon, so we will have a better place to read books. A. will build B. is built C. builds D. will be built 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我们社区很快就要建一座新图书馆，所以我们会有一个更好的读书场所。主语 a new library 和谓语 build 是被动关系，要用被动语态；soon 是一般将来时的标志，因此用一般将来时的被动语态 will be built。故选D。 15．The teacher often ______ us ______ the teamwork stories in class to encourage our spirit. A. watches; share B. watches; to share C. watch; share D. watch; to share 【答案】B 【解析】句意：老师经常在课堂上看着我们分享团队合作的故事，以此来鼓舞我们的团队精神。主语 the teacher 是第三人称单数，一般现在时中谓语动词用 watches；固定搭配 watch sb. to do sth. 强调“观看某人去做某事的全过程”，此处符合老师引导学生分享故事的语境。故选B。 三、完形填空 Zhang Jianna is a street cleaner. Recently, short videos of Zhang directing foreigners have spread 16 online. This made people wonder how she got such great English skills. The 49-year-old Zhang comes from a village in Hebei Province. In 2012, she 17 a street cleaner in the embassy (大使馆) area in Beijing. One morning, a foreigner got close to her while she was working. He gently touched her shoulder, and said a lot of unfamiliar words to her. Standing there, Zhang didn’t know 18 to answer him. The foreigner seemed to recognize her awkwardness (尴尬). So he pointed to the street cleaned by Zhang and kept saying, “Good, good!” Zhang suddenly realized that the foreigner was 19 her work for keeping the streets clean. This 20 deeply touched Zhang and she made up her mind to learn English. “I just want to help whenever someone is in need, whether someone is asking for 21 or asking about visa (签证) process,” said Zhang. Therefore, 22 the age of 40, Zhang started her personal challenge. Without a teacher, she began learning English from her children’s textbooks, starting with 23 words and phrases commonly used for giving directions. With no fixed study hours, she made use of every free moment. Over the years, she has filled over ten notebooks with her notes. Memory was her biggest 24 , “Learning English at an older age, I would easily forget the words I learned the day before,” Zhang said. However, she 25 spending any possible moment learning and practicing. Now she has had a vocabulary of around 3,000 English words and can communicate well with foreigners. “Every time I help a stranger in English, I feel happy,” Zhang said. 16．A．slowly B．clearly C．widely D．carefully 17．A．found B．became C．needed D．made 18．A．what B．when C．where D．how 19．A．praising B．asking C．helping D．stopping 20．A．job B．exam C．business D．experience 21．A．methods B．knowledge C．directions D．friendship 22．A．on B．at C．with D．in 23．A．basic B．difficult C．strange D．unusual 24．A．idea B．task C．dream D．problem 25．A．gave up B．stuck to C．put off D．worried about 【答案】 16．C 17．B 18．D 19．A 20．D 21．C 22．B 23．A 24．D 25．B 【解析】本文主要讲述了49岁的街道清洁工张建娜通过自学英语，并乐于用英语帮助外国人的励志故事。 16．句意：最近，张建娜指导外国人的短视频在网上广泛传播。 slowly慢慢地；clearly清楚地；widely广泛地；carefully仔细地。根据“short videos of Zhang directing foreigners have spread…online”可知，此处指张建娜指导外国人的短视频在网上广泛传播，widely“广泛地”符合语境。故选C。 17．句意：2012年，她成为了北京大使馆区的一名街道清洁工。 found找到；became成为；needed需要；made制作。根据“a street cleaner in the embassy (大使馆) area in Beijing”可知，此处指成为了一名街道清洁工，became“成为”符合语境。故选B。 18．句意：站在那里，张不知道如何回答他。 what什么；when什么时候；where在哪里；how如何。根据“Standing there, Zhang didn’t know…to answer him.”可知，此处指不知道如何回答他，how“如何”符合语境。故选D。 19．句意：张突然意识到这个外国人在赞扬她保持街道清洁的工作。 praising赞扬；asking询问；helping帮助；stopping停止。根据“So he pointed to the street cleaned by Zhang and kept saying, ‘Good, good!’”可知，此处指这个外国人在赞扬她保持街道清洁的工作，praising“赞扬”符合语境。故选A。 20．句意：这段经历深深地触动了张，她下定决心要学英语。 job工作；exam考试；business生意；experience经历。根据“This…deeply touched Zhang and she made up her mind to learn English.”以及上文内容可知，此处指这段经历深深地触动了张，experience“经历”符合语境。故选D。 21．句意：我只是想在有人需要的时候提供帮助，无论是有人问路还是询问签证流程。 methods方法；knowledge知识；directions方向；friendship友谊。根据“or asking about visa (签证) process”以及上文“words and phrases commonly used for giving directions”可知，此处指无论是有人问路还是询问签证流程，directions“方向”符合语境。故选C。 22．句意：因此，在40岁时，张开始了她的个人挑战。 on在……上面；at在；with和……一起；in在……里面。根据“…the age of 40”可知，此处指在40岁时，at the age of“在……岁时”，固定词组。故选B。 23．句意：没有老师，她开始从孩子的课本上学习英语，从常用的指路的基本单词和短语开始。 basic基本的；difficult困难的；strange奇怪的；unusual不寻常的。根据“…words and phrases commonly used for giving directions.”可知，此处指从常用的指路的基本单词和短语开始，basic“基本的”符合语境。故选A。 24．句意：记忆是她最大的问题。 idea想法；task任务；dream梦想；problem问题。根据“Memory was her biggest…‘Learning English at an older age, I would easily forget the words I learned the day before,’ Zhang said.”可知，此处指记忆是她最大的问题，problem“问题”符合语境。故选D。 25．句意：然而，她坚持利用一切可能的时间学习和练习。 gave up放弃；stuck to坚持；put off推迟；worried about担心。根据“However, she…spending any possible moment learning and practicing.”以及“Now she has had a vocabulary of around 3,000 English words and can communicate well with foreigners.”可知，此处指她坚持利用一切可能的时间学习和练习，stuck to“坚持”符合语境。故选B。 四、阅读理解 How fast can someone climb 15 meters—the height of a five-floor building? The answer from Chinese speed climber Cao Long is 4.98 seconds. The 23-year-old climber is the third person to have finished the speed climbing route (竞速攀岩路线) within 5 seconds. The other two are Indonesian athletes Kiromal Katibin and Veddriq Leonardo. The records of Katibin and Leonardo are 5 seconds and 4.90 seconds. People call Cao “the fastest man in China” or “Chinese Spider-Man”. According to Cao, the result of speed climbing can change every time because it’s a highly stressful race where two climbers compete at the same time. It’s also a sport that finishes in seconds. If you want to succeed, everything has to be immaculate. Cao tried climbing at the age of 8. Like many kids who first got into climbing, Cao was mainly doing bouldering (抱石) and lead climbing (先锋攀岩) . He was doing very well. However, he got injured and had a surgery (手术) at the age of 18. He then decided to try speed climbing because it uses different skills from bouldering and lead climbing and puts less pressure on his body. It turned out that Cao was great at speed climbing as well, even though he thinks he is hardly the strongest athlete. He understands how to use his body to win. “I know how to better divide power to different parts of my body,” Cao said. In his eyes, the national record of 4.98 seconds has become a thing of the past. “I’ll keep trying to do better and be better,” said Cao. 26．How fast can Cao Long climb 15 meters? A．5 seconds. B．4.90 seconds. C．4.98 seconds. D．5 minutes. 27．What does the underlined word “immaculate” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．perfect B．lucky C．normal D．challenging 28．What’s the correct order of the following events according to Cao Long? ① Cao got injured. ② Cao decided to try speed climbing. ③ Cao finished the speed climbing route in less than 5 seconds. ④ Cao tried climbing. A．②④③① B．④①②③ C．④①③② D．④②①③ 29．What is Cao like according to the passage? A．Hardworking, brave and smart. B．Serious, talented and honest. C．Calm, polite and careful. D．Creative, loving and helpful. 30．What’s the best title of this passage? A．Cao Long’s Story. B．Chinese Spider-Man. C．Speed Climbing. D．Speed Climber. 【答案】26．C 27．A 28．B 29．A 30．B 【解析】本文介绍了中国速度攀岩运动员曹龙以4.98秒的成绩完成15米攀爬的壮举，被称为“中国蜘蛛侠”，并讲述了他从受伤转向速度攀岩的历程及其对比赛的深刻理解。 26．细节理解题。根据第1段“The answer from Chinese speed climber Cao Long is 4.98 seconds”可知，曹龙攀爬15米用时4.98秒。故选C。 27．词句猜测题。根据“If you want to succeed, everything has to be immaculate”及上下文可知，速度攀岩是一项高度紧张且以秒为单位的运动，成功需要“完美无缺”的表现。所以推断，immaculate意为“完美的”。故选A。 28．细节理解题。根据“Cao tried climbing at the age of 8...he got injured and had a surgery at the age of 18...decided to try speed climbing”及第1段“finished the speed climbing route in 4.98 seconds”可知，按照时间的先后顺序应为：④曹龙8岁开始攀岩→①18岁时受伤并手术→②因身体压力转向速度攀岩→③以4.98秒完成竞速路线，即④①②③。故选B。 29．推理判断题。根据“He then decided to try speed climbing because it uses different skills from bouldering and lead climbing and puts less pressure on his body.”（受伤后转向其他领域）和“I’ll keep trying to do better.”（追求更好的成绩）及“I know how to better divide power”（懂得分配身体力量）可知，他勤奋、勇敢且聪明。故选A。 30．最佳标题题。全文围绕曹龙的速度攀岩成就展开，并提到他被称为“中国蜘蛛侠”（“Chinese Spider-Man”），这一称呼生动概括了他的特点。故选B。 五、补全对话 根据对话内容，在空白处写出恰当的句子，使对话意思连贯完整。所写句子应与所给的标点符号一致。 A: Zhou Yang, do you know Archimedes (阿基米德)? B: No, I don’t. 31 A: He is a clever scientist from ancient Greece. B: Do you know other wise men? A: Of course. I think Yuan Longping is wise and great. B: 32 A: Because he developed new kinds of rice plants and saved lots of people. B: Amazing! 33 A: Of course. He made great achievements to help feed the world, but he lived a simple life. B: 34 A: You’re right. Unluckily, he died in 2021. B: 35 But he’ll be remembered. 【答案】31．Who is he? 32．Why? 33．Can you tell me more about him? 34．What a great scientist! 35．I’m sorry to hear that. 【解析】本文是围绕伟大科学家展开，从古希腊的阿基米德到中国的“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平的长对话。对话展现了袁隆平的卓越贡献——研发高产水稻养活无数人，却一生简朴。最后，尽管他已离世，但他的精神与成就将永远被铭记。 31．根据前文“Zhou Yang, do you know Archimedes (阿基米德)?”和后文“He is a clever scientist from ancient Greece.”，结合标点可知，此处应该问阿基米德是谁。Who is he，意为“他是谁呢？”符合语境。故填Who is he。 32．根据后文“Because he developed new kinds of rice plants and saved lots of people.”，结合选项可知，此处提问原因。Why，意为“为什么呢？”符合语境。故填Why。 33．根据前文“Amazing!”和后文“Of course. He made great achievements to help feed the world, but he lived a simple life.”，结合标点可知，此处应该是向对方请求告诉自己关于袁隆平的更多事情。Can you tell me more about him，意为“你能告诉我更多关于他的事吗”符合语境。故填Can you tell me more about him。 34．根据前文“Of course. He made great achievements to help feed the world, but he lived a simple life.”，结合标点可知，此处应该是在表达对袁隆平称赞。What a great scientist，意为“多么伟大的科学家呀”符合语境。故填What a great scientist。 35．根据前文“Unluckily, he died (去世) in 2021.”和后文“But he’ll be remembered.”，结合标点可知，此处应该是对听到袁隆平的去世表示遗憾。I’m sorry to hear that，意为“听到这个消息我很难过”符合语境。故填I’m sorry to hear that。 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Career talks Starting out & Understanding ideas & Grammar 1. 掌握Unit 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas & Grammar部分的重点单词、短语和句型； · 单词：career, wet, drop, watermelon, remind, newborn, brush, speech, challenging, company, interview, communication, skill, require, organise, throughout, benefit, leadership, training · 短语：be filled with, bit by bit, pass through, hold up, a sense of achievement, say goodbye to, because of , feel thankful for, in time, be encouraged by, a piece of, clean up, make sure · 句型：(1) ... is not always considered ..., but ... (2) ... will be kept ... 2. 掌握一般现在时和一般将来时的被动语态用法。 一、单词填空 1. Look! The lovely __________（新生的）baby is sleeping well in the small bed. 2. It’s too hot today. Shall we go and buy a __________（西瓜）? 3. The student made a wonderful __________（演讲）at the school opening ceremony. 4. Suddenly, the __________ (drop) of rain started to fall on our umbrella. 5. His excellent __________ (leader) helped the team win the game at last. 6. How about __________ (organise) a party to celebrate our team’s success? 二、翻译 1．每天早上，教室里都充满了笑声。（be filled with） 2．因为重感冒，他没有去上学。（because of） 3．是时候告别旧年，迎接新年了。（say goodbye to） 4．上学前，妈妈给了我一片面包。（a piece of） 5．幸运的是，我们在火车离开前及时到达了火车站。（in time） 第一部分 Starting out 【知识梳理1】Match these people to their jobs. match 动词 搭配；匹配；相配 名词 火柴；比赛 名词复数形式是__________ 短语：把……和……匹配__________________ 与……相配_______________ 【即时练习】 1. Our class won the basketball __________（比赛）yesterday. We were all excited. 2. — Why not buy this blue skirt? It __________（搭配）your blouse. — Good idea! 3. 你们需要在这道练习题里把单词和它们对应的意思匹配起来。（翻译句子） _______________________________________________________ 【知识梳理2】Who keeps our world running? keep + 宾语 保存某物、留住某人 keep + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 使（宾语）处于某种状态 keep + 形容词 保持（某种状态） keep + 动名词 坚持做（某事） 短语：写日记________________ 保持健康________________ 保持安静________________ 保守秘密________________ 与……保持联系________________ 【即时练习】 1. Though he was tired, he still _________ (keep) working until he finished the work. 2. Do you think it’s a good habit __________ (keep) a diary? 3. 如果你想保持清醒，喝点茶。 __________________________________________________________________ 【知识梳理3】What other jobs do you know? other, the other, others, the others, another 用法辨析 词语 词性 含义及用法 例句 other 形容词 其他的 我们应该帮助班里的其他学生。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ the other 两者中的另一个； 其余的 我有两支钢笔，一支红色，另一支黑色。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ others 代词 其他人/物（泛指） 一些学生喜欢数学，另一些喜欢英语。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ the others 其余的人/物 （特指） 我们班有50个学生，20个是男生，其余的是女生。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________ another 形容词 代词 另一个 （三者及以上当中） 这件衬衫太小了，请再给我拿一件。____________________________________________________________________________________________ 【即时练习】 根据句意用other, the other, others, the others或another填空。 1. There are many students on the playground. Some are playing basketball, and __________ are running. 2. --- Shall we go to the park tomorrow? --- I’m afraid I have too much homework to do. How about making it __________ day? 3. Don’t just stay at home. You should go to __________ places to relax. 4. There are two books on the desk. One is mine, and __________ is my sister’s. 5. I have three uncles. One is a doctor, __________ are policemen. 第二部分 Understanding ideas 【知识梳理4】The past 30 years were filled with both challenges and joys. 1. be filled with 意思是____________ 同义短语___________________ 花园里都是花。___________________________=___________________________ 2. both ... and ... 意思是______________ 类似的搭配 既不……也不……________________ 要么……要么……________________ 不但……而且……________________ 【即时练习】 1. 这个小盒子里装满了五颜六色的糖果。 _______________________________________________________ 2. The old bottle ______ water, so we can’t pour more into it. A. is filled with B. is full with C. filled with D. full of 3. ______ my father ______ my mother are teachers. They work in the same school. A. Neither; nor B. Either; or C. Not only; but also D. Both; and 【知识梳理5】I watched her grow bit by bit. 1. watch sb. do sth. 意思是_______________ watch sb. doing sth. 意思是_______________ 类似的短语 看见/听见/注意到某人做某事（全过程）______________________________________ 看见/听见/注意到某人正在做某事 ______________________________________ 昨天我们看着孩子们在公园放风筝。 _______________________________________________________________ 刚才我开心地看着妈妈在包饺子。 _______________________________________________________________ 2. bit by bit 意思是______________ 同义短语 _________________ 类似的短语 一天天地______________ 一步步地______________ 一个接一个______________ 我们通过日常阅读和练习，一点一点地学会了英语。 ___________________________________________________________________ 【即时练习】 1. She always __________ (watch) her brother __________ (play) football after school. 2. The teacher watched the students __________ (discuss) in groups at that moment. 3. With patience, you will learn to play the piano well ______, not in a short time. A. bit by bit B. day by day C. step by step D. one by one 【知识梳理6】I found a sense of achievement in my job. 1. a sense of 意思是______________ 搭配短语 中文释义 例句 a sense of __________ 方向感 她的方向感很好，从来不会迷路。 ________________________________________________________ a sense of __________ 幽默感 我的英语老师很有幽默感，我们都喜欢她的课。 ________________________________________________________ a sense of __________ 幸福感 帮助别人给我们带来幸福感。 ________________________________________________________ a sense of __________ 责任感 作为青少年，我们应该提高责任感。 ________________________________________________________ a sense of __________ 安全感 开车时系好安全带能给我们带来安全感。 ________________________________________________________ 其他搭配：a sense of smell ____________ a sense of hearing ___________ 2. achievement 名词 成就 动词形式______________ 意思是__________ 形容词形式 _____________ 意思是__________ 短语：取得成就______________________ 你需要努力工作，在自己的领域取得成就。 ________________________________________________________________________________ 【即时练习】 1. My grandpa has a good sense of ___________ (hear/ hearing). 2. A good student should have a strong sense of ___________ (responsible/ responsibility). 3. It is not easy ______ (achieve) the target in such a short time. 4. — After years of hard work, the scientist finally ______ his goal. — What a great man! A. achieved B. reached C. gained D. got 【知识梳理7】The city shines brighter because of us, and the job will make us shine, too. because of 意思是______________ （介词短语，后接名词/代词/动名词等） 连词形式是_________（引导原因状语从句） 由于学习努力，她考试取得了好成绩。 ___________________________________________________ 【即时练习】 1. He missed the bus because he got up late.（改为同义句） He missed the bus ______ ______ ______ up late. 2. 因为大风，我们没有去露营。 We didn’t go camping ______________________________. 第三部分 Grammar 一般现在时和一般将来时的被动语态用法 【知识梳理1】一般现在时的被动语态 被动语态是英语中的一个重要语法结构，用来描述动作的承受者。一般现在时的被动语态用来描述现阶段经常发生、客观事实或普遍真理的被动动作，强调动作对主语的影响而非执行者。其基本结构如下： 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词 The classroom is cleaned every day. 否定句 主语 + am/is/are + not + 过去分词? These shoes aren’t made by hand. 一般疑问句 Am/Is/Are + 主语 + 过去分词 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + am/is/are. 否定回答：No, 主语 + am not / isn’t / aren’t. Is English widely used all over the world? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t. 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + 过去分词? Where is tea grown? 【即时练习】 1. Rice ____________ (grow) in the south of China. 2. My mother waters the flowers every day.（改为含被动语态的句子） The flowers _________ ________ by my mother every day. 3. The little boy is taken good care of by his grandparents.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答） ______ the little boy ______ good care of by his grandparents? Yes, ______ ______. 【知识梳理2】一般将来时的被动语态 一般将来时的被动语态描述未来将发生的被动动作，侧重动作对主语的预期影响。其基本结构如下： 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语 + will be + 过去分词 主语 + am/is/are going to be + 过去分词 A new bridge will be built next year. A new bridge is going to be built next year. 否定句 主语 + will not be + 过去分词 主语 + am/is/are not going to be + 过去分词 The sports meeting won’t be held this week. The sports meeting isn’t going to be held this week. 一般疑问句 Will + 主语 + be + 过去分词？ 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + will. 否定回答：No, 主语 + won’t. Am/Is/Are + 主语 + going to be + 过去分词? 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + am/is/are. 否定回答：No, 主语 + am not / isn’t / aren’t. Will the work be finished on time? Yes, it will. No, it won’t. Is the work going to be finished on time? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t. 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + will + 主语 + be + 过去分词? 特殊疑问词 + am/is/are + 主语 + going to be + 过去分词? When will the books be put? When are the books going to be put? 【即时练习】 1. A new robot ______ into use by the company in the next few months. A. put B. will put C. will be put D. is put 2.The new movie will be released next month.（对画线部分提问） _______ ______ the new movie ______ ______? 3. We won’t finish the project until next week. （改为含被动语态的句子） The project ______ ______ ______ until next week. 【知识梳理3】不能使用被动语态的动词 在英语中，不能使用被动语态的动词主要分为三类：不及物动词、系动词和部分表示状态或关系的及物动词，因为这类动词没有宾语，而被动语态的构成需要以“宾语变主语”为前提。 1. 不及物动词 不及物动词本身不能直接接宾语，因此无法转换为被动语态。常见的有：happen, take place, come, go, arrive, leave等。 2. 系动词 系动词的功能是连接主语和表语，没有实际的动作对象，不能用于被动语态。常见的有：be, seem, look, sound, smell, taste, feel, become, get, turn等。 3. 表示状态或关系的及物动词 这类动词虽然是及物动词，但表示的是主语的状态、属性或关系，而非动作，通常不用于被动语态。常见的有：have, own, understand, know等。 判断动词能否用于被动语态的核心：该动词在句中是否有逻辑宾语。 有宾语 → 可用于被动语态（如：He wrote a letter. → A letter was written by him.） 无宾语 → 不可用于被动语态 【即时练习】 1. Many leaves __________ (turn) yellow in autumn. 2. The cake __________ (smell) really delicious. Can I have one, Mum? 3. Don’t worry. She __________ (arrive) at the airport on time. 【知识梳理4】一般现在时和一般将来时被动语态的对比记忆口诀 一般现在被动易，am/is/are + done 记心底； 一般将来被动式，will/be going to + be done 莫忘记； 动作对象作主语，语态转换有意义； 不及物动词无被动，这点千万要牢记。 【即时练习】 1. We follow the team rules strictly.（改为含被动语态的句子） _______________________________________________________ 2. We will hold a sports meeting next week.（改为含被动语态的句子） _______________________________________________________ 3. 昨天发生了一起严重的交通事故。（翻译句子） ______________________________________________________ 一、用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. Mr Smith __________ (remind) us that we would have two weeks to finish the project. 2. The kitchen is __________ (fill) with the smell of dishes. 3. Amy dreamed to be a __________ (sing) and finally she succeeded. 4. It’s so nice __________ (see) you again. 5. My father cut the watermelon into small pieces __________ (careful). 6. The parents hope to watch their newborn baby __________ (grow) bit by bit. 二、单词拼写 7. When we won the team competition, everyone felt a sense of ____________（成就）in our hearts. 8. This old building was ____________（认为）a symbol of the city’s history by local people. 9. Her parents ____________（鼓励）her to keep practicing the piano even when she felt tired. 10. Lily spent three days preparing for her ____________（演讲）about teamwork and its importance. 11. Cooking is a useful ____________（技能）that can help us take better care of ourselves. 12. We are ____________（感激的）to our parents for their endless love and support. 13. The reporter will ____________（采访）the volleyball player about her team’s success. 14. Climbing the mountain is a ____________（富于挑战性的）task, but it’s also very exciting. 15. Her excellent ____________（领导才能）helped the team finish the task smoothly and quickly. 16. The athletes have to take part in strict ____________（训练）every day before the competition. 一、词汇运用 1．Choosing the right career __________ (require) careful consideration of one’s interests and strengths. 2．A volunteer activity will be __________ (organise) to help the elderly this weekend. 3．Can you tell us how jobs keep our world __________ (run)? 4．The __________（好处）of teamwork is that we can finish tasks more efficiently.     5．She started her own __________（公司）with her friends after graduating from university. 6．We need to improve our __________（沟通）skills to work better in a team. 7．She kept working hard __________（自始至终）the year and finally got good grades. 8．I have to see a d__________ because I’ve got a toothache. 9．Don’t go outside without an umbrella, or you will get w__________ in the rain. 10．You should b__________ your teeth twice a day to keep them healthy and white. 二、单项选择 11．Many students like playing basketball. ______ prefer playing football in our class. A. Other B. Others C. The other D. Another 12．A lot of trees ______ in our school yard every spring to make the environment better. A. are planted B. planted C.plant D. were planted 13．We couldn’t finish the group project on time ______ some members’ sudden illness. A. because B. as C. because of D. since 14．A new library ______ in our community soon, so we will have a better place to read books. A. will build B. is built C. builds D. will be built 15．The teacher often ______ us ______ the teamwork stories in class to encourage our spirit. A. watches; share B. watches; to share C. watch; share D. watch; to share 三、完形填空 Zhang Jianna is a street cleaner. Recently, short videos of Zhang directing foreigners have spread 16 online. This made people wonder how she got such great English skills. The 49-year-old Zhang comes from a village in Hebei Province. In 2012, she 17 a street cleaner in the embassy (大使馆) area in Beijing. One morning, a foreigner got close to her while she was working. He gently touched her shoulder, and said a lot of unfamiliar words to her. Standing there, Zhang didn’t know 18 to answer him. The foreigner seemed to recognize her awkwardness (尴尬). So he pointed to the street cleaned by Zhang and kept saying, “Good, good!” Zhang suddenly realized that the foreigner was 19 her work for keeping the streets clean. This 20 deeply touched Zhang and she made up her mind to learn English. “I just want to help whenever someone is in need, whether someone is asking for 21 or asking about visa (签证) process,” said Zhang. Therefore, 22 the age of 40, Zhang started her personal challenge. Without a teacher, she began learning English from her children’s textbooks, starting with 23 words and phrases commonly used for giving directions. With no fixed study hours, she made use of every free moment. Over the years, she has filled over ten notebooks with her notes. Memory was her biggest 24 , “Learning English at an older age, I would easily forget the words I learned the day before,” Zhang said. However, she 25 spending any possible moment learning and practicing. Now she has had a vocabulary of around 3,000 English words and can communicate well with foreigners. “Every time I help a stranger in English, I feel happy,” Zhang said. 16．A．slowly B．clearly C．widely D．carefully 17．A．found B．became C．needed D．made 18．A．what B．when C．where D．how 19．A．praising B．asking C．helping D．stopping 20．A．job B．exam C．business D．experience 21．A．methods B．knowledge C．directions D．friendship 22．A．on B．at C．with D．in 23．A．basic B．difficult C．strange D．unusual 24．A．idea B．task C．dream D．problem 25．A．gave up B．stuck to C．put off D．worried about 四、阅读理解 How fast can someone climb 15 meters—the height of a five-floor building? The answer from Chinese speed climber Cao Long is 4.98 seconds. The 23-year-old climber is the third person to have finished the speed climbing route (竞速攀岩路线) within 5 seconds. The other two are Indonesian athletes Kiromal Katibin and Veddriq Leonardo. The records of Katibin and Leonardo are 5 seconds and 4.90 seconds. People call Cao “the fastest man in China” or “Chinese Spider-Man”. According to Cao, the result of speed climbing can change every time because it’s a highly stressful race where two climbers compete at the same time. It’s also a sport that finishes in seconds. If you want to succeed, everything has to be immaculate. Cao tried climbing at the age of 8. Like many kids who first got into climbing, Cao was mainly doing bouldering (抱石) and lead climbing (先锋攀岩) . He was doing very well. However, he got injured and had a surgery (手术) at the age of 18. He then decided to try speed climbing because it uses different skills from bouldering and lead climbing and puts less pressure on his body. It turned out that Cao was great at speed climbing as well, even though he thinks he is hardly the strongest athlete. He understands how to use his body to win. “I know how to better divide power to different parts of my body,” Cao said. In his eyes, the national record of 4.98 seconds has become a thing of the past. “I’ll keep trying to do better and be better,” said Cao. 26．How fast can Cao Long climb 15 meters? A．5 seconds. B．4.90 seconds. C．4.98 seconds. D．5 minutes. 27．What does the underlined word “immaculate” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．perfect B．lucky C．normal D．challenging 28．What’s the correct order of the following events according to Cao Long? ① Cao got injured. ② Cao decided to try speed climbing. ③ Cao finished the speed climbing route in less than 5 seconds. ④ Cao tried climbing. A．②④③① B．④①②③ C．④①③② D．④②①③ 29．What is Cao like according to the passage? A．Hardworking, brave and smart. B．Serious, talented and honest. C．Calm, polite and careful. D．Creative, loving and helpful. 30．What’s the best title of this passage? A．Cao Long’s Story. B．Chinese Spider-Man. C．Speed Climbing. D．Speed Climber. 五、补全对话 根据对话内容，在空白处写出恰当的句子，使对话意思连贯完整。所写句子应与所给的标点符号一致。 A: Zhou Yang, do you know Archimedes (阿基米德)? B: No, I don’t. 31 A: He is a clever scientist from ancient Greece. B: Do you know other wise men? A: Of course. I think Yuan Longping is wise and great. B: 32 A: Because he developed new kinds of rice plants and saved lots of people. B: Amazing! 33 A: Of course. He made great achievements to help feed the world, but he lived a simple life. B: 34 A: You’re right. Unluckily, he died in 2021. B: 35 But he’ll be remembered. 1 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $