内容正文:
Unit2 No Rules, No Order 核心语法:must/mustn’t&have to
一、语法精讲
语法点一:情态动词must/mustn’t(核心考点,表义务/禁止)
1. 核心概念
情态动词must/mustn’t 聚焦“规则与义务”,是本单元核心语法。must 表示“必须、应当”,强调主观义务、命令或必要性(如校规、家规);mustn’t 表示“禁止、不允许”,语气强烈,用于明确禁止的行为。二者均无人称和数的变化,后接动词原形。
例:① You must arrive at school on time.(表义务,你必须按时到校);② You mustn’t run in the hallway.(表禁止,你不可以在走廊奔跑)。
2. 句型结构
句式类型
结构公式
真题例句
肯定句(表义务/必要性)
主语 + must + 动词原形 + 其他
【2025年河南中考】We must follow the traffic rules when crossing the road.
否定句(表禁止)
主语 + mustn’t(must not)+ 动词原形 + 其他
【2025年江苏苏州中考模拟】You mustn’t use mobile phones in the library.
一般疑问句(询问义务)
Must + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
【2025年浙江杭州中考】Must we finish the homework before dinner?
特殊疑问句(询问具体义务)
疑问词(What/Where/When等)+ must + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
【2025年广东深圳中考模拟】What rules must we follow in the classroom?
3. 关键用法(易错点突破)
无三单变化:must/mustn’t 不受主语人称和数的影响,主语为第三人称单数时,仍用原形。
例:【2025年山东济南中考】He must wear the school uniform every day.(不用musts)。
否定答句技巧:Must引导的一般疑问句,否定回答不用mustn’t(表禁止,语气过重),需用“No, 主语 + needn’t.”或“No, 主语 + don’t have to.”(表“不必”)。
例:—Must I hand in the paper now? —No, you needn’t. You can do it this afternoon.
mustn’t 与 don’t have to 区别:mustn’t 表“禁止”(绝对不能做),don’t have to 表“不必”(可以不做,有选择)。
例:You mustn’t smoke here.(禁止吸烟);You don’t have to come early.(不必早来)。
语法点二:have to(表客观需要,配套考点)
1. 核心概念
have to 表示“不得不、必须”,强调因客观条件(规则、环境、责任等)而被迫做某事,区别于must的“主观义务”。它有人称和数的变化,时态变化灵活(本单元重点讲一般现在时)。
2. 句型结构与变化规则
句式/人称
具体规则
真题例句(规则主题)
肯定句(非三单/三单)
非三单:主语 + have to + 动词原形;三单:主语 + has to + 动词原形
【2025年安徽中考】I have to get up early to catch the bus.(非三单);She has to finish her work first.(三单)
否定句
非三单:主语 + don’t have to + 动词原形;三单:主语 + doesn’t have to + 动词原形
【2025年湖南长沙中考模拟】They don’t have to stay here.(非三单);He doesn’t have to wear a tie.(三单)
一般疑问句
非三单:Do + 主语 + have to + 动词原形;三单:Does + 主语 + have to + 动词原形
【2025年河北中考】Do you have to follow the school rules?(非三单);Does she have to go to the office?(三单)
易错提醒:have to 的否定和疑问需借助助动词do/does,不可直接在have后加not或提前have;三单形式是has to,不是have to。
二、语法综合练习
(一)单项选择
(1) 【2025年河南中考】—Must I clean the classroom now? —No, you ______. You can do it after class.( )
A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. don’t
(2) 【2025年陕西中考模拟】He ______ wear the school uniform on weekdays. It’s the school rule.( )
A. have to B. has to C. mustn’t D. don’t have to
(3) 【2025年四川成都中考】You ______ run across the road. It’s very dangerous.( )
A. must B. mustn’t C. have to D. don’t have to
(4) 【2025年福建福州中考模拟】—Do you ______ finish the work today? —Yes, because the boss asks for it.( )
A. have to B. must C. has to D. mustn’t
(5) 【2025年湖北襄阳中考】What rules ______ we follow in the library?( )
A. must B. have to C. do D. does
(6) 【2025年江苏南京中考】She ______ go to bed early because she has a test tomorrow.( )
A. have to B. has to C. mustn’t D. doesn’t have to
(7) 【2025年山东青岛中考模拟】—Does he have to get up at 6:00? —______. He can get up a little later on weekends.( )
A. Yes, he does B. No, he doesn’t C. Yes, he must D. No, he mustn’t
(8) 【2025年浙江宁波中考】We ______ keep quiet in the reading room. Everyone is reading.( )
A. must B. mustn’t C. have to D. don’t have to
(9) 【2025年江西中考】My sister ______ wash the dishes after dinner every day. It’s her family duty.( )
A. have to B. has to C. mustn’t D. don’t have to
(10) 【2025年云南昆明中考模拟】You ______ take photos in the museum. It’s not allowed.( )
A. must B. mustn’t C. have to D. don’t have to
(二)用must/mustn’t/have to/has to填空
(1) 【2025年广东广州中考】You ______ follow the traffic lights when crossing the road. It’s safe.
(2) 【2025年甘肃兰州中考】He ______ finish his homework first. His mother is strict with him.
(3) 【2025年山西中考模拟】—Must I hand in the report now? —No, you don’t ______ ______. You can do it tomorrow.
(4) 【2025年贵州贵阳中考】You ______ talk loudly in the library. Others are reading.
(5) 【2025年海南海口中考模拟】My brother ______ get up early because he takes the first bus to school.
(6) 【2025年辽宁沈阳中考】We ______ wear masks in the hospital. It’s the rule there.
(7) 【2025年青海西宁中考模拟】She ______ not ______ go to work today. It’s her day off.
(8) 【2025年湖北武汉中考】You ______ play with fire. It’s very dangerous.
(9) 【2025年江苏苏州中考】Do you ______ ______ finish the project before Friday?
(10) 【2025年安徽中考模拟】He ______ wear glasses to see clearly. He has poor eyesight.
(三)补全对话
对话1(场景:谈论校规)
备选词:must, mustn’t, have to, has to, don’t have to
A: Hi, Tom! What rules do we ______ ______ follow at school?
B: We ______ wear the school uniform every day. And we ______ run in the hallway.
A: ______ we finish the homework before class?
B: Yes, we do. But we ______ ______ hand it in before 8:00 a.m.
对话2(场景:图书馆规则)
备选词:must, mustn’t, have to, has to, needn’t
A: Excuse me, what rules do I ______ ______ follow here?
B: You ______ keep quiet. You ______ talk loudly or answer phone calls.
A: Must I put the books back after reading?
B: No, you ______. The librarian will do it.
A: Does she ______ ______ check every book?
(四)按要求改写句子
1. We must follow the school rules.(改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)
—______ we ______ the school rules?
—No, we ______.
2. He has to finish his work on time.(改为否定句)
He ______ ______ ______ finish his work on time.
3. You mustn’t smoke in the office.(改为同义句)
You ______ ______ smoke in the office.
4. They have to get up early.(改为一般疑问句)
______ they ______ ______ get up early?
5. She must clean her room every day.(对划线部分提问,划线部分:clean her room)
What ______ she ______ ______ every day?
6. He doesn’t have to wear a tie.(改为肯定句)
He ______ ______ wear a tie.
7. Must I go there right now?(作否定回答,表委婉)
No, you ______.
8. We must keep quiet in the library.(对划线部分提问,划线部分:in the library)
______ ______ we keep quiet?
9. She has to go to school by bus.(对划线部分提问,划线部分:by bus)
______ ______ she ______ ______ go to school?
10. You mustn’t play football on the road.(改为祈使句)
______ ______ football on the road.
三、答案与详细解析
(一)单项选择
(1) B 解析:Must引导的疑问句,否定回答用needn’t(不必),mustn’t表禁止,语气过重。【2025河南中考考点:must疑问句否定答句】
(2) B 解析:主语he是三单,结合“校规”表客观需要,用has to,have to三单为has to。【2025陕西模拟考点:have to的三单变化】
(3) B 解析:结合“危险”语境,表禁止用mustn’t,符合规则主题。【2025成都中考考点:mustn’t表禁止】
(4) A 解析:疑问句中助动词Do后接动词原形,have to表客观要求,must无疑问式搭配Do。【2025福州模拟考点:have to的一般疑问句】
(5) A 解析:特殊疑问句询问“必须遵守的规则”,用must引导,符合句式结构。【2025襄阳中考考点:must的特殊疑问句】
(6) B 解析:主语she是三单,结合“明天有考试”表客观需要,用has to。【2025南京中考考点:have to的三单用法】
(7) B 解析:问句用Does引导,答句需呼应;由“周末可晚起”可知不必早起,用否定回答。【2025青岛模拟考点:have to疑问句答句】
(8) A 解析:结合“阅览室所有人在阅读”,表主观义务用must,语气更贴切。【2025宁波中考考点:must表义务】
(9) B 解析:主语my sister是三单,结合“家庭责任”表客观需要,用has to。【2025江西中考考点:have to的三单变化】
(10) B 解析:结合“不被允许”,表禁止用mustn’t,符合博物馆规则场景。【2025昆明模拟考点:mustn’t表禁止】
(二)用must/mustn’t/have to/has to填空
(1) must 解析:结合“红绿灯”,表义务用must,语气强烈贴合交通规则。【2025广州中考考点:must表义务】
(2) has to 解析:主语he是三单,表客观要求(妈妈严格),用has to。【2025兰州中考考点:have to的三单】
(3) have to 解析:否定回答表“不必”,用don’t have to,固定搭配。【2025山西模拟考点:have to的否定】
(4) mustn’t 解析:结合“他人在阅读”,表禁止大声说话用mustn’t。【2025贵阳中考考点:mustn’t表禁止】
(5) has to 解析:主语my brother是三单,表客观需要(赶首班车),用has to。【2025海口模拟考点:have to的三单】
(6) must 解析:结合“医院规则”,表义务用must,语气贴合场景。【2025沈阳中考考点:must表义务】
(7) doesn’t; have to 解析:主语she是三单,否定式为doesn’t have to,表“不必上班”。【2025西宁模拟考点:have to的三单否定】
(8) mustn’t 解析:结合“玩火危险”,表禁止用mustn’t。【2025武汉中考考点:mustn’t表禁止】
(9) have to 解析:疑问句助动词Do后接have to原形,表客观要求。【2025苏州中考考点:have to的一般疑问句】
(10) has to 解析:主语he是三单,表客观需要(视力差),用has to。【2025安徽模拟考点:have to的三单】
(三)补全对话
对话1
答案:have to; must; mustn’t; Must; don’t have to
解析:第一空助动词do后接have to,表客观规则;第二空表义务用must;第三空表禁止用mustn’t;第四空询问义务用Must;第五空表“不必早交”,用don’t have to。
对话2
答案:have to; must; mustn’t; needn’t; have to
解析:第一空表客观规则用have to;第二空表义务用must;第三空表禁止用mustn’t;第四空Must的否定回答用needn’t;第五空助动词Does后接have to原形。
(四)按要求改写句子
(1) Must; follow; needn’t 解析:must引导一般疑问句,must提前;否定回答用needn’t表委婉。
(2) doesn’t have to 解析:主语he是三单,否定式借助doesn’t,后接have to原形。
(3) aren’t allowed to 解析:mustn’t表禁止,同义句可用be not allowed to(不被允许)。
(4) Do; have to 解析:主语they是复数,疑问句借助Do,后接have to原形。
(5) must; do 解析:对动作提问用what,句式为“What + must + 主语 + 动词原形?”。
(6) has to 解析:否定句变肯定句,去掉doesn’t,主语he是三单,用has to。
(7) needn’t 解析:Must的否定回答表委婉,用needn’t(不必)。
(8) Where must 解析:对地点提问用where,句式为“Where + must + 主语 + 动词原形?”。
(9) How does; have to 解析:对方式提问用how,主语she是三单,借助Does,后接have to原形。
(10) Don’t play 解析:mustn’t表禁止,改为祈使句用Don’t + 动词原形。
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