专题06 介词与介词短语（复习讲义）（浙江专用）2026年中考英语一轮复习讲练测

专题06 介词与介词短语 目录 考点一 介词的用法 2 考点二 介词的分类 3 考点三 重难易错常考介词 11 考点四 常考介词短语 13 主要考点 1. 介词的基本用法：表示时间、地点、方向、方式等。 2. 介词的分类：地点介词、方向介词、时间介词、方式介词。 3. 介词短语和固定搭配：如in front of、next to、because of等。 4. 介词与动词、形容词、名词的固定搭配使用。 课标要求 1. 掌握有关习惯用语和固定搭配中的介词使用。 2. 掌握介词的形式和意义，并能正确使用。 命题方向 1. 完形填空中考查介词的使用，特别是在具体语境中的运用。2. 语法填空中考查介词的适当形式，特别是在缺少介词的句子中。3. 写作中考查介词的使用，尤其是在描述时间、地点、原因等方面。4. 考查介词与其他词类的固定搭配，如动词短语和介词的固定搭配。5. 考查介词的辨析，如时间介词in, on, at的区分使用。 命题预测：介词是一种虚词。表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的词。介词在句中单独作成分，后面一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词、短语或从句作它的宾语。在句中充当定语、状语、表语或补语，表示人或事物之间的关系。介词是历年各省市中考必考知识点。从考查形式看，一般有完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为2～4分。从命题意图看，侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用介词的能力。 考点一 介词的用法 介词短语可在句中 作定语，状语，表语和宾语补足语。如： 介词短语 示例 作定语 The woman with a flower on her head is from the countryside. (定) 作状语 We have breakfast at seven.（表时间） He goes to work by bus every day.(方式状语) They were late for the meeting because of the heavy rain.（表原因） What do you mean by doing such a thing?（表方法） Nothing in the world could live without air or water.（表条件） For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755. 一百多年来，最有影响力的英语词典是塞缪尔·约翰逊于1755年出版的词典。（表时间） 作表语 My glasses are on the desk. 我的眼镜在课桌上放着。 A few apples remain on the tree.树上还留有机关苹果。 作补足语 I found the old building in a bad condition.我发现那栋旧建筑状况很差。 They must keep their hands behind their backs.他们必须把手放在背后。 1．Our Maths teacher _______ short hair _______ young. A．has; look B．with; look C．has; looks D．with; looks 2．I study English ________ to tapes. A．to listen B．by hears C．by listening D．by hearing 3．The little boy filled his box ________ some old books. A．with B．by C．in D．for 4．—She answered all the questions ________ any help. —Really? She is so smart. A．under B．with C．in D．without 5．My roommate is a girl ________ round eyes and long hair. A．has B．with C．have D．is having 考点二 介词的分类 1. 时间介词 表示＂时间＂的介词如下： ① 表示年、月、日、时刻等用at, in, on ② 表示时间的前后用before, after ③ 表示期限等用by, until, till ④ 表示期间等用for, during, through ⑤ 表示时间的起点等用from, since ⑥ 表示时间的经过等用in, within, at, on, in at用于表示时刻、时间的某一点 at lunch在午饭时 at breakfast早餐时 at noon正午时 at night在夜间 at that time那时 at the moment此刻，目前 at the same time同时 at times偶尔，有时 at nine在九点钟 at first开始的时候，起初 at last最后 ►We usually have lunch at noon/ at twelve. 我们通常中午吃午饭（十二点吃午饭）。 on用于表示某天，某一天的上、下午（指具体的某一时，一律用on） on Monday 在周一 on Monday evening 在周一晚上 on Tuesday morning 在周二早上 on June 6在6月6日 on May 4,2016 在2016年5月4日 on a cold night在一个寒冷的夜晚 on that day在那天 on Christmas Day在圣诞节那天 on time准时 on the night of July（the）first 在七月一日的夜晚 ►We didn’t listen to the lecture on Wednesday afternoon. 周三下午我们没去听演讲。 in用于表示周、月、 季节、年和泛指的上午、下午、晚上（指在一段时间内）。 in the week在这周 in the holiday在假期中 in May 在五月 in 1995在1995年 in summer在夏季 in Spring在春季 in autumn在秋季 in winter在冬季 in September, 1995 在1995年9月 in the morning 在上午 in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening在晚上 in the 21st century在二十一世纪 in time及时 in an hour一个小时后 in a minute一会儿，立刻 ►The plane took off on time.飞机准时起飞了。 ►People go skating in winter.人们冬天去滑冰。 ►Do they work in the day time or at night? 他们是白天工作还是夜里工作？ before, after（注：两个既可以作介词又可以作连词） before在……之前 ►Wash your hands before dinner.（before作介词）吃饭前请洗手。 ►He will call me before he leaves here/before ten o’ clock.（前一个before作连词；后一个before作介词）他离开这儿之前/十点之前，将给我打电话。 after在……之后 ►Let’s sing some songs after school.（after作介词）放学后咱们唱歌吧！ ►Please close the door after you leave the room.（after作连词）离开房间后请关门。 by, until/till by 在……前（时间）；截止（到）…… ►How many English books had you read by the end of last year? 到去年年底以前你看过多少本英文书？ ►She had left by the time I arrived. 我到时（之前）她已经走了。 by the end of在……底（之前） by then 到那时 by the time+从句 在……之前 until/till知道……为止（时间） ►We didn’t begin to watch TV until/till nine o’ clock. 一直到九点，我们才开始看电视。（begin是点动词，所以用否定式） ►I will wait for him until he comes here. 我将在这儿一直等到他来。 for, during, through for 达……之久（表示经过了多少时间），可以和一般现在时、过去时、将来时连用，但经常和完成时连用。 during 在……期间 through 一直……（从开始到结束） ►He has lived here for 20 years.他在这儿已经住了二十年了。 ►We will stay in the city for two days.我们要在这座城市呆两天。 ►They are going to have a good rest during the summer holidays.暑假中他们打算好好休息一下。 ►They played the cards through the night.他们打了一整夜的牌。 ►He stayed in London through the winter.他整个冬天都待在伦敦。 from, since from从……起（时间） 表示＂从……开始＂时，一般都是用词组from...to...，而单纯表示确切的＂从几点开始＂时用at。 ►The meeting will be held from eight to ten. 这个会议将从8点开到10点。 ►The meeting will be held at eight. 会议将从八点钟开始。 since自从……以来（表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续） ►I have been sick since yesterday.我从昨天起就病了。（强调一直病到现在） ►The doctor has saved a lot of lives since he became a doctor.（since作连词，引导时间状语从句）这个医生自从当医生以来已经拯救了许多人的生命。 in, within in过……后（未来时间）大多用在将来时（一般将来时和过去将来时）。 in an hour一小时之后 in a week or so大约一星期之后 ►He will be back in five hours.他五小时之后回来。 ►They said they would arrive here in a week.他们说他们一周后到达。 within不超过……的范围 within 3 hours 3小时之内 within a week一周之内 ►I must finish painting the cat within five minutes.我必须在五分钟之内画好这只猫。 2. 表示场所、方向的介词 （1） 表示场所的介词：at, in, on, under, by, near, between, around, opposite （2） 表示方向的介词：into, out of, along, across, through, up, past ①at, in at在某地（表示比较狭窄的场所） at school上学 at home在家 stand at the door站在门边 at a factory在一家工厂 at the bottom of在……下面 at the party在聚会上 at the end of在……末尾 at the table在桌旁 at the station在火车站 at the crossroads在十字路口 at work在上班 at the bus stop在公共汽车站 ►I’ ll meet him at the Beijing railway station. 我将去北京站接他。 in在某地（表示比较宽敞的场所） in Beijing在北京 in the world在世界上 in the house在房子里 ►His brother is in prison and was arrested 2 years ago. 他哥哥两年前被捕现在在监狱中服刑。 ►She was born in China.她是在中国出生的。 ②on, above, over, under, below on在……上面，有接触面。 on the desk在桌子上面；on the map在地图上。 on在……靠近……的地方 on the right在右边 on the screen在屏幕上 on the river在河边 on the farm在农场 on the floor在地板上 on the island/beach在岛上/海滨 on the pavement在人行道上 above在……上方 ►Our plane flew above the clouds.我们的飞机在云端上飞行。 over在……正上方，是under的反义词 ►There is a light over Li Ming.李明的正上方有一盏灯。 ►A few birds were flying over the sea.有几只鸟在海上飞。 ►under在……下面；在……之内 under the table桌子下面 under the jacket在夹克内 ►The dog is under the table.这只狗在桌子下面。 below在……下方（不一定是正下方） 正下方是under，below是above的反义词。 ►There are a lot of fishes below the surface of the water.水面下有许多各式各样的鱼。 ③near, by near近的，不远的 near=not far，是far的反义词。near还可以指时间。 in the near future在不久的将来 ►Is there a bus stop near here? 这儿附近有公共汽车站吗？ by在……旁边，距离比near要近 by the window在窗户旁边 by me在我旁边 ►The boy is standing by the window. 这个男孩正站在窗户旁边。 ④ between, among, around between在两者之间 ►My teacher is sitting between Tom and Mike.我们的老师正坐在汤姆和迈克之间。 ►What’ s the difference between A and B? A和B之间有什么区别？ among在三者或更多的之中 ►There is a beautiful house among the trees.在树林之中有一间漂亮的房子。 ►He is very popular among the students.他在学生之中很受欢迎（很出名）。 around环绕，在……周围，在……四周 ►We sat around the table.我们在桌子四周坐下来。 ►The earth moves around the sun.地球围绕太阳转。 ⑤ in front of，behind，opposite in front of早……的前面；在……的前部 ►There is a tree in front of the house. ►There is a big desk for the teacher in the front of the classroom. 在教室的前部有一张大讲桌。 behind在……后面 behind是in front of的反义词 ►There is a tree behind my house. 我家房子后面有一颗树。 ►There is a tree at the back of my house.我家房子后面有一棵树。 opposite在……对面 ►Our school is opposite a university,我们学校在一所大学的对面。 ►He stood opposite me.他站在我对面。 ⑥ in, into, out of, up in在……之内，用于表示静止的位置 ►The students are in the classroom.学生们在教室里。 into进入用于表有特定终点的运动的方向。通常用于表示动作的动词之后,如go, come, walk, run等。 ►The students run into the classroom.学生们跑进教室。 ►He jumped into the water.他跳入水中。 out of和into一样，也表示有一定的运动方向 ►The students rushed out of the room.学生们冲出房间。 out of的基本含义：从……到外面，离开；在……范围之外；从（某个数）之中 up移动 ►The children climbed up the tree.孩子们爬上了树。 ⑦ along, across, past, through along沿着 ►I was walking along the river when it began to rain.我正沿着河边散步，突然下起雨来了。 across横过 ►I often swim across the river.我常游泳横渡这条河。 past经过 ►Every day he runs past the city hall.他每天跑步经过市政府。 through贯穿，通过 ►The sun shone through the clouds.阳光穿过云层照射下来。 ►The river was through the city.这条河穿过这个城市。 ⑧ to, from, for 3. 表示原因的介词 常见的表示“原因、理由”的介词有for, at, from, with, by, because of , owing to, due to, on account of, thanks to, out of, through等。 for, because of, at, out of for:多=与表示感情的抽象名词或动词及reason, famous等词连用。 I must apologize for calling you so late.和抱歉我这么晚来找你。 at:常表示某种表情的起因，常和表示听、看或喜、怒、吃惊等词连用。 You didn’t looked very surprised at the news of his failure.听到他失败的消息，你看上去并不是很吃惊。 He got angry at her words他因她所说的话而生气。 from:常接抽象名词表示自然或间接原因 Lots of people suffered from hunger in those days.在那些日子里,许多人都遭受到了饥饿之苦。 of:多用于自身的原因,如死因、病因等。 I'm ashamed of myself for being so stupid.我为自己这么笨而感到羞愧 He died of cancer.他死于癌症。 with:多用于表示情绪的形容词或身体动作或状态的动词之后，表示某种心理或心理状况的原因。 Her face went white with anger.她气得脸都白了。 by:表示“由于,成为……结果”,不与冠词连用。 by chance/accident意外，偶然地, by nature天生 because of:意为“由于,因为”,在句中仅作状语，修饰句中的一部分，与其他成分不用逗号隔开。 He didn't go to work because of his illness.由于生病他没去上班。 owing to:与because of 一样,也强调因果关系,作状语修饰整个句子，可放在句首或句末,用逗号隔开。 They decided to postpone the trip, owing to the change of the weather. 由于天气变化，他们决定推迟旅行。 due to:引出造成后果的原因,在句中作表语、状语和定语。作状语时与owing to同义,一般不用逗号与其他成分隔开,且不放于句首。 The team's success was largely due to her efforts.该队的成功很大程度上是由于她的努力。 on account of:与because of，owing to同义,但语气较为正式。可作状语、表语，但不作定语。 That was on account of lack of exercise.那是由于缺乏锻炼。 thanks to:只能用作状语,可以表示正面的意思“幸亏”，也可以用在讽刺口吻中(近于讽刺口吻的“感谢”)。 The play succeeded thanks to fine acting by all the cast. 由于全体演员的出色表演 那出戏剧才获得成功。 4. 表示除.....之外的介词 besides表示“除了……外，还有……”，表示累加关系，指包括介词宾语在内； except表示“除……以外”，表示排除关系，指从整体中除去一部分； but表示“除……以外”，与except同义，但是比except的语气更强烈。 I like English and maths besides Chinese.除了语文，我还喜欢英语和数学。 Everyone is here except Miss Ye.除了叶老师外，所有人都在这里。 There is nothing in the basket but three eggs.篮子里除了3个鸡蛋外，什么也没有。 5. 表示“支持或反对”的介词 against:意为“反对”,指在观点或张方面与某人采取立的态度。 He is against your opinion.他反对你的观点。 for:指在观点或主张等方面与某人采取一致的态度，思是“支持，赞成”，与in favor of同义。 Are you for the plan or against it?你支持还是反对这个计划? 6. 表示方式的介词 in, with, by in表示“用材料、语言”。 Can you say it in English? with表示“用工具、某物”如: with a pen。 by表示“用、以、靠、通过…方法”。 He prefers traveling by car. 他更喜欢乘汽车出行。 3.重难易错常考介词 （1）for与of表示不定式复合结构的逻辑主语 ①It is +adj. +of sb to do sth =sb. +be + adj. + to do sth当形容词说明不定式逻辑主语的性质、特性时，用of。常见的形容词有 kind，good，nice，clever,stupid,foolish, con siderate，polite,impolite,cruel 等。 It was kind of you to help us.=You are kind to help us. 你好心帮助我们，真是太好了。 It was silly of you to trust such a man.=You are silly to trust such a man.你太愚蠢了，竟然相信这样一个人。 ②It is + adj. + for sb to do sth当形容词说明不定式的性质时，用for。常见的形容词有 important，necessary，possible，impossible等。 It won't be easy for you to find a job.对你来说，找一份工作很难。 It's important for us to learn English.学英语对我们来说很重要。 （2）不可遗漏的后置介词 ①在被动语态中,谓语部分的介词和主语构成介宾关系,介词不能遗漏。 The child has been taken good care of in the nursery. 这个孩子在幼儿园里一直受到很好的照顾。 ②在非谓语动词表示被动意义时,相关介词也不可省略。 The problem is well worth paying attention to.这个问题很值得关注。 ③在定语从句中,当从句的谓语和先行词构成动宾关系且从句谓语动词为不及物动词时。 I don’t know the girl you referred to at the meeting.我不认识你在会上提到的那个女孩。 ④作定语的非谓语动词和它修饰的名词构成动宾或介宾关系且相关介词后置时。 We have many new models to choose from. 我们有许多新模型可以选择。 （3）to与表示情感的名词连用,指某种行动后产生的感觉。 如：to one's delight/surprise/horror/sorrow/joy/regret = to the /surprise/horror/joy/regret of sb,这种表达法表示结果,在句中作状语,位于句前、句中、句尾皆可。为了强调,可在前面加 much,意为“使某人……的是”。 Much to my surprise ( = To my great surprise),they offered me the job. 使我非常惊奇的是,他们把那份工作给了我。 Much to our regret, we will be absent from the party. 非常遗憾,我们将缺席这场晚会。 1．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·一模）—World Book Day is ________ April 23rd every year. —I see. More than 100 countries around the world hold all kinds of reading activities. A．in B．at C．on 2．（2023·福建福州·福建省福州第一中学校考模拟预测）We arrived in the beautiful city ________ a snowy morning in winter. A．at B．in C．on 3．（2023·重庆渝中·重庆巴蜀中学校考模拟预测）—The Dragon Boat falls ________ the fourth Thursday of June. —We are planning a trip ________ Changshou Lake to watch the boat races. A．on; on B．in; of C．at; to D．on; to 4．I hear that the opening will be ________ the morning of January 10th ________ 10:00. A．in; at B．on; at C．on; in D．in; for 5．（2023·重庆江北·校考三模）The 19th Asian Games will be held in Hangzhou ________ September, 2023. A．at B．on C．in D．for 考点三 重难易错常考介词 （1）for与of表示不定式复合结构的逻辑主语 ①It is +adj. +of sb to do sth =sb. +be + adj. + to do sth当形容词说明不定式逻辑主语的性质、特性时，用of。常见的形容词有 kind，good，nice，clever,stupid,foolish, con siderate，polite,impolite,cruel 等。 It was kind of you to help us.=You are kind to help us. 你好心帮助我们，真是太好了。 It was silly of you to trust such a man.=You are silly to trust such a man.你太愚蠢了，竟然相信这样一个人。 ②It is + adj. + for sb to do sth当形容词说明不定式的性质时，用for。常见的形容词有 important，necessary，possible，impossible等。 It won't be easy for you to find a job.对你来说，找一份工作很难。 It's important for us to learn English.学英语对我们来说很重要。 （2）不可遗漏的后置介词 ①在被动语态中,谓语部分的介词和主语构成介宾关系,介词不能遗漏。 The child has been taken good care of in the nursery. 这个孩子在幼儿园里一直受到很好的照顾。 ②在非谓语动词表示被动意义时,相关介词也不可省略。 The problem is well worth paying attention to.这个问题很值得关注。 ③在定语从句中,当从句的谓语和先行词构成动宾关系且从句谓语动词为不及物动词时。 I don’t know the girl you referred to at the meeting.我不认识你在会上提到的那个女孩。 ④作定语的非谓语动词和它修饰的名词构成动宾或介宾关系且相关介词后置时。 We have many new models to choose from. 我们有许多新模型可以选择。 （3）to与表示情感的名词连用,指某种行动后产生的感觉。 如：to one's delight/surprise/horror/sorrow/joy/regret = to the /surprise/horror/joy/regret of sb,这种表达法表示结果,在句中作状语,位于句前、句中、句尾皆可。为了强调,可在前面加 much,意为“使某人……的是”。 Much to my surprise ( = To my great surprise),they offered me the job. 使我非常惊奇的是,他们把那份工作给了我。 Much to our regret, we will be absent from the party. 非常遗憾,我们将缺席这场晚会。 1．It is dishonest to cheat in an exam ________ tricks. A．with B．through C．over D．in 2．My American friend is learning how to eat ________ chopsticks. A．by B．in C．with D．through 3．China launched the Shenzhou 16 spaceship ________ May 30, 2023, sending three astronauts to its space station. A．in B．on C．at D．/ 4．________ studying for exams, he also works part-time to earn some extra money. A．Except B．Besides C．Except for D．Except that 5．I like all the vegetables ________ cabbage because it is nasty. A．beside B．besides C．except D．expect 考点四 常考介词短语 1.常见介词短语 （1）at短语 at birth出生时 at first起初 at home在家 at last最后 at least至少 at most最多 at night在晚上 at once马上；立刻 at present目前 at times有时 at work在工作 at the moment此时 at the same time同时 at the age of在……岁时 at the beginning of 在……开始时 at the end of在……结束时 at the foot of 在……底部 at the top of在……顶端 （2）by短语 by＋交通工具 乘坐…… by accident偶然；意外地 by chance偶然；碰巧 by hand手工 by mistake错误地 by the time到……的时候 by the way顺便说一下 by the end of到……结束时 （3）in短语 in agreement达成一致 in all 总共 in danger处于危险中 in fact 事实上 in general总体而言 in hand在手头；在进行中 in need在困境中 in pain 痛苦地 in peace和平地 in person亲自 in public公开地 in order井然有序 in return作为回报 in short 简言之 in silence沉默 in surprise惊奇地 in time及时 in total总共 in trouble处于困境中 in turn 轮流 in a hurry匆忙地 in a minute 立刻；马上 in a word总而言之 in one’s opinion 在某人看来 in that case既然那样　　　　 in the end最后 in the future在将来 in the past 在过去 in the way妨碍 in this way 用这种方式 in other words 换句话说 in control of掌管 in front of 在……前面（外部） in the front of在……前面（内部） in the middle of在……中间　 in the face of 面对 in order to 为了 （4）on短语 on business出差 on duty值日 on foot步行 on sale廉价销售 on time准时 on vacation在度假 on weekends在周末 on one’s own独自 on the Internet 在网上 on the left/right在左边/右边 on one’s way to在某人去……的路上 （5）from短语 across from 在……对面　　　 from...to... 从……到……　　　 from now on从今以后 from then on从那时起 from time to time 不时 （6）of短语 ahead of在……之前 because of 因为 instead of 代替 a number of 许多 the number of ……的数量 the rest of 其余的 the symbol of ……的象征 first of all首先 of medium height 中等身高 all of a sudden 突然 （7）to短语 according to 根据　　　 close to 接近　　　　 next to 紧靠…… thanks to 多亏；由于 to be honest 老实说 to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是 to start with 起初 （8）其他常见介词短语 after all 毕竟 along with 连同 as for 至于 as usual像往常一样 for example 例如 for sale 待售 for sure 无疑；肯定 less than 少于 more than 多于 such as 比如 without doubt 毫无疑问 all in all 总的来说 as a result 结果；因此 with one’s help ＝ with the help of sb. 在某人的帮助下 once in a while偶尔；间或 once upon a time曾经 2.介词与形容词的搭配 about短语 bring about导致，引起 care about关心；在意 come about 发生 hear about 听说 know/learn about了解 talk about 谈论 think about考虑 worry about 担心 at短语 laugh at 嘲笑 look at 看 knock at敲 point at 指向 shout at 斥责……；对……大喊 throw at 投向；掷向 work at 从事；研究 down短语 break down损坏；出故障 calm down （使）平静 cut down砍倒；削减 die down逐渐变弱 fall down倒塌；摔倒 let down 使失望 lie down躺下 pull down摧毁；拆毁 sit down坐下 slow down减速 take down拆除；记录 turn down调低，关小；拒绝 lie down躺下 pull down摧毁；拆毁 sit down坐下 write down写下 for短语 ask for 要求；请求 care for 关心；照顾；喜欢 cheer for 为……欢呼 leave for 出发前往 pay for 付钱 prepare for 为……做准备 wait for 等候；等待 off短语 break off中断；中止 clean off扫除；擦去 cut off切除；剪掉 drive off 驱车离去；驶去 get off 下车 give off发出，放出（光、热等） pay off 偿清 put off推迟 send off发出；寄出 set off出发，动身 show off炫耀 take off（飞机）起飞；脱下 shut off关闭 turn off关掉 kick sb. off开除某人 see sb. off 为某人送行 on短语 call on号召；拜访 cheer sb. on为某人加油 carry on继续；坚持 come on 快点儿；加油 depend on依靠；取决于 go on持续；发生 hold on不挂断（电话）；坚持 keep on继续（前行） try on试穿 take on 承担 turn on接通；打开 work on从事；继续工作 out短语 break out 爆发 bring out使显现 carry out 执行 check out调查；察看 clear out 清理；丢掉 come out开花；出版；显示 cut out 删除；删去 die out 灭绝 eat out出去吃 find out 查明；发现 give out分发；发放 go out 外出（娱乐）；熄灭 hand out分发 hang out 闲逛 help out 帮忙解决 leave out 不包括；不提及 look out当心 pick out 选出 point out指出 put out扑灭；扔掉 run out 用光 sell out卖完 set out 出发；动身 try out 试用；参加选拔 turn out结果是 work out成功地发展；解决 to短语 belong to 属于 dance to 伴着……跳舞 listen to 听 lead to 导致；通向 stick to 坚持；固守 shout to 对……大声喊叫 speak to 对……说话 talk to 与……交谈 pay attention to 注意；留心 help oneself to 请随便吃/喝…… hold on to 继续；坚持；保持 up短语 bring up提出；养育 call up打电话给；征召 cheer up 使振奋 clean up打扫 dress up打扮 eat up吃光 end up结束 fix up修理 give up放弃 grow up成长；长大 hurry up快点；赶快 look up 查阅；抬头看 make up编造；构成 pick up捡起；接人 put up搭建；张贴；举起 send up 发出；射出 set up建立；创立 show up出现；露面 stay up 熬夜 stand up站起来 take up占据；开始从事 tidy up收拾；整理 turn up开大；调高；出现 wake up睡醒；醒来 use up用完；耗尽 build sb. up 增强某人的体质 with短语 agree with 同意 deal with 处理；解决；应付 begin/start with 以……开始 compare with 与……作比较 connect with 与……相连 help out with 帮忙做 catch up with 赶上；达到 come up with 想出；提出 fall in love with 喜欢上 get on/along with 与……和睦相处 keep up with 跟上；不落后 3.“be＋形容词＋介词”短语 be＋形容词＋at be amazed at对……感到吃惊　be good at擅长……　be mad at对……感到生气 be disappointed at对……感到失望 be surprised at 对……感到惊奇 be＋形容词＋with be angry with 对……感到生气 be busy with忙于…… be good with善于应付…… be popular with 受……的欢迎 be pleased/satisfied with对……感到满意 be strict with对……严格要求 be＋形容词＋for be late for迟到 be/get ready for为……做准备 be sorry for对……感到抱歉 be responsible for对……负责 be good/bad for对……有好处/坏处 be thirsty for渴望…… be thankful for 对……心存感激 be famous/known for因……而闻名 be＋形容词＋of be afraid of害怕……　be tired of 对……感到厌倦　　　be proud of以……为骄傲 be full of充满……　　be certain/sure of对……有把握　 be short of 短缺 be＋形容词＋from be absent from缺席　　　 be different from 与……不同　　　 be separated from和……分开 be free from 免受；免于 be＋形容词＋in be different in在……方面不同 be interested in对……感兴趣 be weak in在……方面弱 be successful in在……方面成功 be＋形容词＋about be careful about对……小心 be crazy about 对……热衷 be sorry about对……感到抱歉 be sure about 对……有把握 be strict about sth. 对某事要求严格 1．—You sit in your room _________ for a long time, Li Hua. —I just want to be quiet for a while. A．in person B．in silence C．in public 2．It’s reported that, ________, people with college education can make more money than those without. A．in all B．in public C．in general D．above all 3．—The decision wasn’t made ________. I have thought about it for long. —Well. It’s wise of you to think twice before acting. A．at last B．by accident C．in public D．on time 4．My parents just called me. I’m afraid I have to have dinner with them ________ shopping with you tonight. A．instead B．instead of C．rather than D．replace 5．Tom is such an excellent student that he always stays ________ his class. A．at the bottom of B．near the end of C．in the front of D．at the top of 1、 单词拼写 1．（2023·山东·中考真题）Another bridge is going to be built （穿过）the river this year. 2．（2023·四川·中考真题）Deng Yaping has won many competitions, (包括) four gold medals in the Olympics. 3．（2022·江苏盐城·中考真题）We like to play by quiet streams or （在……下面）the tall trees while camping. 4．（2023·海南·中考真题）Alice was reading a book (没有) any pictures or conversations. 5．（2025·江苏苏州·中考真题）Why not finish the task today instead of waiting (直到) tomorrow? 6．（2024·四川·中考真题）Everyone is here （除了） Alan, because he is still ill in hospital. 7．（2025·江苏南京·三模）Outlaws of the Marsh (水浒传) speaks of 108 people. They team up to fight (对抗) cruel rulers. 8．（2025·江苏苏州·三模）It is said that there will be a new railway station (在……对面) our school. 9．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）An hour later, she stood (在外面) my house, with her suitcase, wet all over. 2、 语法填空 1.（2023·浙江嘉兴·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 It was the fifth day of our Italian journey. We arrived at our hotel 1 (early) than usual. Dad offered to take us to the ancient city of Pompeii. I didn’t really want to go 2 I had no interest in old cities. We travelled there by train. On the way, Dad told us something about 3 history. Many years ago, Pompeii was a large city near a volcano(火山). The volcano broke out and 4 (complete) covered the city in ash(灰). About twenty thousand people 5 (kill). But the buildings remained there. And now, 2,000 years later, people around the world come here 6 (see) how people lived all those years ago. I had thought it was boring to visit the 2,000-year-old 7 (house), but I was wrong. They were very interesting! Most of their rooms 8 (have) fine paintings all over the walls. I was also amazed at the bathrooms. I’d love a big bathroom in our house— 9 (our) is so small! Dad usually makes bad plans but this time he gets it right, finally. 10 a surprise! I got really interested in Pompeii. In fact, I’ve got lots of ideas for our house when we get home! 2.（2022·浙江衢州·中考真题）阅读下面材料，按照句子结构的语法情况和上下文连贯的要求，在空白处填入适当的词或用括号中所给词的正确形式填空。每空不超过两词。 My name is Rebeca and I’m 11. I’m from beautiful Brazil! But my family live in a poor area, and life isn’t easy. My father 11 (work) hard so my brother and I can go to school. And we always come straight home after school 12 (help) with the housework. But I have a dream…football! And I want to tell you how football has changed my life. My dad wanted my big brother to be 13 football player, but he didn’t like training. I loved football and when I played I felt happy and forgot about everything around 14 (I). My mum said, “Football isn’t for girls.” The boys at school didn’t want to play 15 a girl either, but when they saw I was good, I got the chance to join them. One day I 16 (tell) by my teacher that there was a football team just for girls and they were preparing for a competition in March. I 17 (real) wanted to be part of the team and I decided to try my hardest. When my dad and brother knew that, they were very happy. My mum still didn’t like the idea. “It isn’t going to be easy for you 18 football is a boy’s sport,” she said. But she said nothing after that, and my dad and brother trained with me every day for seven 19 (month). Finally, in February the coach showed us which players were in the team. When I heard my name, I jumped in the air. Our team traveled to Rio de Janeiro in March and we won the competition—it was amazing! Since then we’ve won a lot of matches. But more importantly, I’ve become much 20 (confident) about myself. When I get older, I want to be a great football player. That’s my biggest dream in life. 21 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题06 介词与介词短语 目录 考点一 介词的用法 2 考点二 介词的分类 3 考点三 重难易错常考介词 12 考点四 常考介词短语 14 主要考点 1. 介词的基本用法：表示时间、地点、方向、方式等。 2. 介词的分类：地点介词、方向介词、时间介词、方式介词。 3. 介词短语和固定搭配：如in front of、next to、because of等。 4. 介词与动词、形容词、名词的固定搭配使用。 课标要求 1. 掌握有关习惯用语和固定搭配中的介词使用。 2. 掌握介词的形式和意义，并能正确使用。 命题方向 1. 完形填空中考查介词的使用，特别是在具体语境中的运用。2. 语法填空中考查介词的适当形式，特别是在缺少介词的句子中。3. 写作中考查介词的使用，尤其是在描述时间、地点、原因等方面。4. 考查介词与其他词类的固定搭配，如动词短语和介词的固定搭配。5. 考查介词的辨析，如时间介词in, on, at的区分使用。 命题预测：介词是一种虚词。表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的词。介词在句中单独作成分，后面一般有名词、代词或相当于名词的其他词、短语或从句作它的宾语。在句中充当定语、状语、表语或补语，表示人或事物之间的关系。介词是历年各省市中考必考知识点。从考查形式看，一般有完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为2～4分。从命题意图看，侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用介词的能力。 考点一 介词的用法 介词短语可在句中 作定语，状语，表语和宾语补足语。如： 介词短语 示例 作定语 The woman with a flower on her head is from the countryside. (定) 作状语 We have breakfast at seven.（表时间） He goes to work by bus every day.(方式状语) They were late for the meeting because of the heavy rain.（表原因） What do you mean by doing such a thing?（表方法） Nothing in the world could live without air or water.（表条件） For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755. 一百多年来，最有影响力的英语词典是塞缪尔·约翰逊于1755年出版的词典。（表时间） 作表语 My glasses are on the desk. 我的眼镜在课桌上放着。 A few apples remain on the tree.树上还留有机关苹果。 作补足语 I found the old building in a bad condition.我发现那栋旧建筑状况很差。 They must keep their hands behind their backs.他们必须把手放在背后。 1．Our Maths teacher _______ short hair _______ young. A．has; look B．with; look C．has; looks D．with; looks 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我们的数学老师短发，看起来很年轻。考查主谓一致及介词。has有；look看起来；with 和……在一起，具有，介词；looks看起来，动词单三形式。根据“Our Maths teacher ... short hair”可知，空一处用with的介词短语，作定语，修饰Our Maths teacher；空二处主语是Our Maths teacher，为单数，故谓语动词也用三单looks。故选D。 2．I study English ________ to tapes. A．to listen B．by hears C．by listening D．by hearing 【答案】C 【解析】句意：我通过听磁带学英语。考查介词辨析和动词辨析。to通常与动词原形构成动词不定式；by + doing sth.表示通过某种方式，根据语境可知，此处指的是通过听磁带学习英语，故应用介词by，故A选项可排除。hear和listen to都有“听”的意思，但hear强调听到的是听见的结果，而listen to强调的是听的动作，根据语境可知，此处强调的是听的动作，故选C。 3．The little boy filled his box ________ some old books. A．with B．by C．in D．for 【答案】A 【解析】句意：这个小男孩在他的盒子里装满了一些旧书。 考查介词。with用，可用于引出完成动作所使用的工具或手段；by通过，表方式或手段；in在……里面，方位介词；for为了。根据“filled his box”可知，此处应该用介词with，固定搭配fill ... with ...表示“用……装满……”。故选A。 4．—She answered all the questions ________ any help. —Really? She is so smart. A．under B．with C．in D．without 【答案】D 【解析】句意：——她在没有任何帮助（的情况）下就回答了所有的问题。——真的吗？她真的很聪明。考查介词辨析。under在……下面；with和，有；in在……里面；without没有。根据“She is so smart.”可知，她真的很聪明，故应是在没有任何的帮助的情况下，就回答出了问题。故选D。 5．My roommate is a girl ________ round eyes and long hair. A．has B．with C．have D．is having 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我的室友是个长着圆眼睛长头发的女孩。考查介词的用法。句中is是谓语动词，而has和have是实义动词，一个句子中不能同时出现两个动词，且此空表示“长着圆眼睛长头发的女孩”，介词短语作后置定语。故选B。 考点二 介词的分类 1. 时间介词 表示＂时间＂的介词如下： ① 表示年、月、日、时刻等用at, in, on ② 表示时间的前后用before, after ③ 表示期限等用by, until, till ④ 表示期间等用for, during, through ⑤ 表示时间的起点等用from, since ⑥ 表示时间的经过等用in, within, at, on, in at用于表示时刻、时间的某一点 at lunch在午饭时 at breakfast早餐时 at noon正午时 at night在夜间 at that time那时 at the moment此刻，目前 at the same time同时 at times偶尔，有时 at nine在九点钟 at first开始的时候，起初 at last最后 ►We usually have lunch at noon/ at twelve. 我们通常中午吃午饭（十二点吃午饭）。 on用于表示某天，某一天的上、下午（指具体的某一时，一律用on） on Monday 在周一 on Monday evening 在周一晚上 on Tuesday morning 在周二早上 on June 6在6月6日 on May 4,2016 在2016年5月4日 on a cold night在一个寒冷的夜晚 on that day在那天 on Christmas Day在圣诞节那天 on time准时 on the night of July（the）first 在七月一日的夜晚 ►We didn’t listen to the lecture on Wednesday afternoon. 周三下午我们没去听演讲。 in用于表示周、月、 季节、年和泛指的上午、下午、晚上（指在一段时间内）。 in the week在这周 in the holiday在假期中 in May 在五月 in 1995在1995年 in summer在夏季 in Spring在春季 in autumn在秋季 in winter在冬季 in September, 1995 在1995年9月 in the morning 在上午 in the afternoon 在下午 in the evening在晚上 in the 21st century在二十一世纪 in time及时 in an hour一个小时后 in a minute一会儿，立刻 ►The plane took off on time.飞机准时起飞了。 ►People go skating in winter.人们冬天去滑冰。 ►Do they work in the day time or at night? 他们是白天工作还是夜里工作？ before, after（注：两个既可以作介词又可以作连词） before在……之前 ►Wash your hands before dinner.（before作介词）吃饭前请洗手。 ►He will call me before he leaves here/before ten o’ clock.（前一个before作连词；后一个before作介词）他离开这儿之前/十点之前，将给我打电话。 after在……之后 ►Let’s sing some songs after school.（after作介词）放学后咱们唱歌吧！ ►Please close the door after you leave the room.（after作连词）离开房间后请关门。 by, until/till by 在……前（时间）；截止（到）…… ►How many English books had you read by the end of last year? 到去年年底以前你看过多少本英文书？ ►She had left by the time I arrived. 我到时（之前）她已经走了。 by the end of在……底（之前） by then 到那时 by the time+从句 在……之前 until/till知道……为止（时间） ►We didn’t begin to watch TV until/till nine o’ clock. 一直到九点，我们才开始看电视。（begin是点动词，所以用否定式） ►I will wait for him until he comes here. 我将在这儿一直等到他来。 for, during, through for 达……之久（表示经过了多少时间），可以和一般现在时、过去时、将来时连用，但经常和完成时连用。 during 在……期间 through 一直……（从开始到结束） ►He has lived here for 20 years.他在这儿已经住了二十年了。 ►We will stay in the city for two days.我们要在这座城市呆两天。 ►They are going to have a good rest during the summer holidays.暑假中他们打算好好休息一下。 ►They played the cards through the night.他们打了一整夜的牌。 ►He stayed in London through the winter.他整个冬天都待在伦敦。 from, since from从……起（时间） 表示＂从……开始＂时，一般都是用词组from...to...，而单纯表示确切的＂从几点开始＂时用at。 ►The meeting will be held from eight to ten. 这个会议将从8点开到10点。 ►The meeting will be held at eight. 会议将从八点钟开始。 since自从……以来（表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续） ►I have been sick since yesterday.我从昨天起就病了。（强调一直病到现在） ►The doctor has saved a lot of lives since he became a doctor.（since作连词，引导时间状语从句）这个医生自从当医生以来已经拯救了许多人的生命。 in, within in过……后（未来时间）大多用在将来时（一般将来时和过去将来时）。 in an hour一小时之后 in a week or so大约一星期之后 ►He will be back in five hours.他五小时之后回来。 ►They said they would arrive here in a week.他们说他们一周后到达。 within不超过……的范围 within 3 hours 3小时之内 within a week一周之内 ►I must finish painting the cat within five minutes.我必须在五分钟之内画好这只猫。 2. 表示场所、方向的介词 （1） 表示场所的介词：at, in, on, under, by, near, between, around, opposite （2） 表示方向的介词：into, out of, along, across, through, up, past ①at, in at在某地（表示比较狭窄的场所） at school上学 at home在家 stand at the door站在门边 at a factory在一家工厂 at the bottom of在……下面 at the party在聚会上 at the end of在……末尾 at the table在桌旁 at the station在火车站 at the crossroads在十字路口 at work在上班 at the bus stop在公共汽车站 ►I’ ll meet him at the Beijing railway station. 我将去北京站接他。 in在某地（表示比较宽敞的场所） in Beijing在北京 in the world在世界上 in the house在房子里 ►His brother is in prison and was arrested 2 years ago. 他哥哥两年前被捕现在在监狱中服刑。 ►She was born in China.她是在中国出生的。 ②on, above, over, under, below on在……上面，有接触面。 on the desk在桌子上面；on the map在地图上。 on在……靠近……的地方 on the right在右边 on the screen在屏幕上 on the river在河边 on the farm在农场 on the floor在地板上 on the island/beach在岛上/海滨 on the pavement在人行道上 above在……上方 ►Our plane flew above the clouds.我们的飞机在云端上飞行。 over在……正上方，是under的反义词 ►There is a light over Li Ming.李明的正上方有一盏灯。 ►A few birds were flying over the sea.有几只鸟在海上飞。 ►under在……下面；在……之内 under the table桌子下面 under the jacket在夹克内 ►The dog is under the table.这只狗在桌子下面。 below在……下方（不一定是正下方） 正下方是under，below是above的反义词。 ►There are a lot of fishes below the surface of the water.水面下有许多各式各样的鱼。 ③near, by near近的，不远的 near=not far，是far的反义词。near还可以指时间。 in the near future在不久的将来 ►Is there a bus stop near here? 这儿附近有公共汽车站吗？ by在……旁边，距离比near要近 by the window在窗户旁边 by me在我旁边 ►The boy is standing by the window. 这个男孩正站在窗户旁边。 ④ between, among, around between在两者之间 ►My teacher is sitting between Tom and Mike.我们的老师正坐在汤姆和迈克之间。 ►What’ s the difference between A and B? A和B之间有什么区别？ among在三者或更多的之中 ►There is a beautiful house among the trees.在树林之中有一间漂亮的房子。 ►He is very popular among the students.他在学生之中很受欢迎（很出名）。 around环绕，在……周围，在……四周 ►We sat around the table.我们在桌子四周坐下来。 ►The earth moves around the sun.地球围绕太阳转。 ⑤ in front of，behind，opposite in front of早……的前面；在……的前部 ►There is a tree in front of the house. ►There is a big desk for the teacher in the front of the classroom. 在教室的前部有一张大讲桌。 behind在……后面 behind是in front of的反义词 ►There is a tree behind my house. 我家房子后面有一颗树。 ►There is a tree at the back of my house.我家房子后面有一棵树。 opposite在……对面 ►Our school is opposite a university,我们学校在一所大学的对面。 ►He stood opposite me.他站在我对面。 ⑥ in, into, out of, up in在……之内，用于表示静止的位置 ►The students are in the classroom.学生们在教室里。 into进入用于表有特定终点的运动的方向。通常用于表示动作的动词之后,如go, come, walk, run等。 ►The students run into the classroom.学生们跑进教室。 ►He jumped into the water.他跳入水中。 out of和into一样，也表示有一定的运动方向 ►The students rushed out of the room.学生们冲出房间。 out of的基本含义：从……到外面，离开；在……范围之外；从（某个数）之中 up移动 ►The children climbed up the tree.孩子们爬上了树。 ⑦ along, across, past, through along沿着 ►I was walking along the river when it began to rain.我正沿着河边散步，突然下起雨来了。 across横过 ►I often swim across the river.我常游泳横渡这条河。 past经过 ►Every day he runs past the city hall.他每天跑步经过市政府。 through贯穿，通过 ►The sun shone through the clouds.阳光穿过云层照射下来。 ►The river was through the city.这条河穿过这个城市。 ⑧ to, from, for 3. 表示原因的介词 常见的表示“原因、理由”的介词有for, at, from, with, by, because of , owing to, due to, on account of, thanks to, out of, through等。 for, because of, at, out of for:多=与表示感情的抽象名词或动词及reason, famous等词连用。 I must apologize for calling you so late.和抱歉我这么晚来找你。 at:常表示某种表情的起因，常和表示听、看或喜、怒、吃惊等词连用。 You didn’t looked very surprised at the news of his failure.听到他失败的消息，你看上去并不是很吃惊。 He got angry at her words他因她所说的话而生气。 from:常接抽象名词表示自然或间接原因 Lots of people suffered from hunger in those days.在那些日子里,许多人都遭受到了饥饿之苦。 of:多用于自身的原因,如死因、病因等。 I'm ashamed of myself for being so stupid.我为自己这么笨而感到羞愧 He died of cancer.他死于癌症。 with:多用于表示情绪的形容词或身体动作或状态的动词之后，表示某种心理或心理状况的原因。 Her face went white with anger.她气得脸都白了。 by:表示“由于,成为……结果”,不与冠词连用。 by chance/accident意外，偶然地, by nature天生 because of:意为“由于,因为”,在句中仅作状语，修饰句中的一部分，与其他成分不用逗号隔开。 He didn't go to work because of his illness.由于生病他没去上班。 owing to:与because of 一样,也强调因果关系,作状语修饰整个句子，可放在句首或句末,用逗号隔开。 They decided to postpone the trip, owing to the change of the weather. 由于天气变化，他们决定推迟旅行。 due to:引出造成后果的原因,在句中作表语、状语和定语。作状语时与owing to同义,一般不用逗号与其他成分隔开,且不放于句首。 The team's success was largely due to her efforts.该队的成功很大程度上是由于她的努力。 on account of:与because of，owing to同义,但语气较为正式。可作状语、表语，但不作定语。 That was on account of lack of exercise.那是由于缺乏锻炼。 thanks to:只能用作状语,可以表示正面的意思“幸亏”，也可以用在讽刺口吻中(近于讽刺口吻的“感谢”)。 The play succeeded thanks to fine acting by all the cast. 由于全体演员的出色表演 那出戏剧才获得成功。 4. 表示除.....之外的介词 besides表示“除了……外，还有……”，表示累加关系，指包括介词宾语在内； except表示“除……以外”，表示排除关系，指从整体中除去一部分； but表示“除……以外”，与except同义，但是比except的语气更强烈。 I like English and maths besides Chinese.除了语文，我还喜欢英语和数学。 Everyone is here except Miss Ye.除了叶老师外，所有人都在这里。 There is nothing in the basket but three eggs.篮子里除了3个鸡蛋外，什么也没有。 5. 表示“支持或反对”的介词 against:意为“反对”,指在观点或张方面与某人采取立的态度。 He is against your opinion.他反对你的观点。 for:指在观点或主张等方面与某人采取一致的态度，思是“支持，赞成”，与in favor of同义。 Are you for the plan or against it?你支持还是反对这个计划? 6. 表示方式的介词 in, with, by in表示“用材料、语言”。 Can you say it in English? with表示“用工具、某物”如: with a pen。 by表示“用、以、靠、通过…方法”。 He prefers traveling by car. 他更喜欢乘汽车出行。 3.重难易错常考介词 （1）for与of表示不定式复合结构的逻辑主语 ①It is +adj. +of sb to do sth =sb. +be + adj. + to do sth当形容词说明不定式逻辑主语的性质、特性时，用of。常见的形容词有 kind，good，nice，clever,stupid,foolish, con siderate，polite,impolite,cruel 等。 It was kind of you to help us.=You are kind to help us. 你好心帮助我们，真是太好了。 It was silly of you to trust such a man.=You are silly to trust such a man.你太愚蠢了，竟然相信这样一个人。 ②It is + adj. + for sb to do sth当形容词说明不定式的性质时，用for。常见的形容词有 important，necessary，possible，impossible等。 It won't be easy for you to find a job.对你来说，找一份工作很难。 It's important for us to learn English.学英语对我们来说很重要。 （2）不可遗漏的后置介词 ①在被动语态中,谓语部分的介词和主语构成介宾关系,介词不能遗漏。 The child has been taken good care of in the nursery. 这个孩子在幼儿园里一直受到很好的照顾。 ②在非谓语动词表示被动意义时,相关介词也不可省略。 The problem is well worth paying attention to.这个问题很值得关注。 ③在定语从句中,当从句的谓语和先行词构成动宾关系且从句谓语动词为不及物动词时。 I don’t know the girl you referred to at the meeting.我不认识你在会上提到的那个女孩。 ④作定语的非谓语动词和它修饰的名词构成动宾或介宾关系且相关介词后置时。 We have many new models to choose from. 我们有许多新模型可以选择。 （3）to与表示情感的名词连用,指某种行动后产生的感觉。 如：to one's delight/surprise/horror/sorrow/joy/regret = to the /surprise/horror/joy/regret of sb,这种表达法表示结果,在句中作状语,位于句前、句中、句尾皆可。为了强调,可在前面加 much,意为“使某人……的是”。 Much to my surprise ( = To my great surprise),they offered me the job. 使我非常惊奇的是,他们把那份工作给了我。 Much to our regret, we will be absent from the party. 非常遗憾,我们将缺席这场晚会。 1．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·一模）—World Book Day is ________ April 23rd every year. —I see. More than 100 countries around the world hold all kinds of reading activities. A．in B．at C．on 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——每年的4月23日是世界图书日。——我明白了。世界上有100多个国家举办各种各样的阅读活动。 考查时间介词辨析。at后接具体时刻；in后接某年某月某季节；on后接具体一天。“April 23rd”是具体的一天，应填on，故选C。 2．（2023·福建福州·福建省福州第一中学校考模拟预测）We arrived in the beautiful city ________ a snowy morning in winter. A．at B．in C．on 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们在冬天一个下雪的早晨到达了这个美丽的城市。 考查介词。at在……点时；in用于年/月/季节/泛指的上/下午/晚上前；on用于具体的某一天/具体某一天的上/下午/晚上前。根据“a snowy morning in winter.”可知，这里morning前有具体的修饰词，指的是具体的某一天的早上，应用介词on，故选C。 3．（2023·重庆渝中·重庆巴蜀中学校考模拟预测）—The Dragon Boat falls ________ the fourth Thursday of June. —We are planning a trip ________ Changshou Lake to watch the boat races. A．on; on B．in; of C．at; to D．on; to 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——龙舟节在六月的第四个星期四。——我们正在计划一次长寿湖之旅去观看龙舟比赛。 考查介词。根据“the fourth Thursday of June.”可知，第一空是在具体的某一天，应用时间介词on；再根据“We are planning a trip ... Changshou Lake ”可知，第二空是固定搭配the trip to sp“去某地的旅行”，因此应用介词to。故选D。 4．I hear that the opening will be ________ the morning of January 10th ________ 10:00. A．in; at B．on; at C．on; in D．in; for 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我听说开业将会在一月十号早上十点。 考查介词。in用于季节，月份等前；at钟点前；on具体某一天；for对于。根据具体某天早中晚用介词on，钟点时间前是at。故选B。 5．（2023·重庆江北·校考三模）The 19th Asian Games will be held in Hangzhou ________ September, 2023. A．at B．on C．in D．for 【答案】C 【详解】句意：第十九届亚运会将于2023年9月在杭州举行。 考查介词辨析。at在某时刻；on在具体某一天；in在某年某月某季节；for为了。空格后是月份，用介词in。故选C。 考点三 重难易错常考介词 （1）for与of表示不定式复合结构的逻辑主语 ①It is +adj. +of sb to do sth =sb. +be + adj. + to do sth当形容词说明不定式逻辑主语的性质、特性时，用of。常见的形容词有 kind，good，nice，clever,stupid,foolish, con siderate，polite,impolite,cruel 等。 It was kind of you to help us.=You are kind to help us. 你好心帮助我们，真是太好了。 It was silly of you to trust such a man.=You are silly to trust such a man.你太愚蠢了，竟然相信这样一个人。 ②It is + adj. + for sb to do sth当形容词说明不定式的性质时，用for。常见的形容词有 important，necessary，possible，impossible等。 It won't be easy for you to find a job.对你来说，找一份工作很难。 It's important for us to learn English.学英语对我们来说很重要。 （2）不可遗漏的后置介词 ①在被动语态中,谓语部分的介词和主语构成介宾关系,介词不能遗漏。 The child has been taken good care of in the nursery. 这个孩子在幼儿园里一直受到很好的照顾。 ②在非谓语动词表示被动意义时,相关介词也不可省略。 The problem is well worth paying attention to.这个问题很值得关注。 ③在定语从句中,当从句的谓语和先行词构成动宾关系且从句谓语动词为不及物动词时。 I don’t know the girl you referred to at the meeting.我不认识你在会上提到的那个女孩。 ④作定语的非谓语动词和它修饰的名词构成动宾或介宾关系且相关介词后置时。 We have many new models to choose from. 我们有许多新模型可以选择。 （3）to与表示情感的名词连用,指某种行动后产生的感觉。 如：to one's delight/surprise/horror/sorrow/joy/regret = to the /surprise/horror/joy/regret of sb,这种表达法表示结果,在句中作状语,位于句前、句中、句尾皆可。为了强调,可在前面加 much,意为“使某人……的是”。 Much to my surprise ( = To my great surprise),they offered me the job. 使我非常惊奇的是,他们把那份工作给了我。 Much to our regret, we will be absent from the party. 非常遗憾,我们将缺席这场晚会。 22．It is dishonest to cheat in an exam ________ tricks. A．with B．through C．over D．in 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在考试中耍花招作弊是不诚实的。 考查介词。with用，一般指使用某种具体的工具；through通过；over超过；in使用某种语言或文字。根据“cheat in an exam ... tricks”可知，“通过某种手段作弊”通常用介词“through”来表示。故选B。 23．My American friend is learning how to eat ________ chopsticks. A．by B．in C．with D．through 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我的美国朋友正在学习如何用筷子吃饭。 考查介词用法。by表示方式手段，无具体工具；in在……之内；with表示使用某种工具或方式；through通过。根据“chopsticks”可知，此处表示筷子作为用餐工具，应用with。故选C。 24．China launched the Shenzhou 16 spaceship ________ May 30, 2023, sending three astronauts to its space station. A．in B．on C．at D．/ 【答案】B 【详解】句意：中国于2023年5月30日发射了神舟16号飞船，将三名宇航员送上了空间站。 考查介词辨析。in在……期间，常用于年、月份或季节前；on在……之时，常用于星期或具体的某一天前；at在……时刻，常用于具体的时间点前。根据“May 30, 2023”可知，此处表示“2023年5月30日”，具体的某一天前应用介词on。故选B。 25．________ studying for exams, he also works part-time to earn some extra money. A．Except B．Besides C．Except for D．Except that 【答案】B 【详解】句意：除了为考试而学习外，他还在业余时间工作以赚取额外的钱。 考查介词辨析。Except除了……之外，排除在外；Besides除了……之外 (还)；Except for除了……以外，不包括；Except that除了……以外，后跟从句。根据“he also works part-time”可知，他除了学习之外，还有业余工作，只有“Besides”符合句意。故选B。 26．I like all the vegetables ________ cabbage because it is nasty. A．beside B．besides C．except D．expect 【答案】C 【详解】句意：除了卷心菜，我喜欢所有的蔬菜，因为它很恶心。 考查介词辨析。beside在……旁边；besides除了……之外还有；except除了……（不包括后面的那个人或者物）；expect期望。根据“I like all the vegetables ... cabbage because it is nasty.”可知，此处表示除了卷心菜喜欢所有的蔬菜，不包括卷心菜。故选C。 考点四 常考介词短语 1.常见介词短语 （1）at短语 at birth出生时 at first起初 at home在家 at last最后 at least至少 at most最多 at night在晚上 at once马上；立刻 at present目前 at times有时 at work在工作 at the moment此时 at the same time同时 at the age of在……岁时 at the beginning of 在……开始时 at the end of在……结束时 at the foot of 在……底部 at the top of在……顶端 （2）by短语 by＋交通工具 乘坐…… by accident偶然；意外地 by chance偶然；碰巧 by hand手工 by mistake错误地 by the time到……的时候 by the way顺便说一下 by the end of到……结束时 （3）in短语 in agreement达成一致 in all 总共 in danger处于危险中 in fact 事实上 in general总体而言 in hand在手头；在进行中 in need在困境中 in pain 痛苦地 in peace和平地 in person亲自 in public公开地 in order井然有序 in return作为回报 in short 简言之 in silence沉默 in surprise惊奇地 in time及时 in total总共 in trouble处于困境中 in turn 轮流 in a hurry匆忙地 in a minute 立刻；马上 in a word总而言之 in one’s opinion 在某人看来 in that case既然那样　　　　 in the end最后 in the future在将来 in the past 在过去 in the way妨碍 in this way 用这种方式 in other words 换句话说 in control of掌管 in front of 在……前面（外部） in the front of在……前面（内部） in the middle of在……中间　 in the face of 面对 in order to 为了 （4）on短语 on business出差 on duty值日 on foot步行 on sale廉价销售 on time准时 on vacation在度假 on weekends在周末 on one’s own独自 on the Internet 在网上 on the left/right在左边/右边 on one’s way to在某人去……的路上 （5）from短语 across from 在……对面　　　 from...to... 从……到……　　　 from now on从今以后 from then on从那时起 from time to time 不时 （6）of短语 ahead of在……之前 because of 因为 instead of 代替 a number of 许多 the number of ……的数量 the rest of 其余的 the symbol of ……的象征 first of all首先 of medium height 中等身高 all of a sudden 突然 （7）to短语 according to 根据　　　 close to 接近　　　　 next to 紧靠…… thanks to 多亏；由于 to be honest 老实说 to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是 to start with 起初 （8）其他常见介词短语 after all 毕竟 along with 连同 as for 至于 as usual像往常一样 for example 例如 for sale 待售 for sure 无疑；肯定 less than 少于 more than 多于 such as 比如 without doubt 毫无疑问 all in all 总的来说 as a result 结果；因此 with one’s help ＝ with the help of sb. 在某人的帮助下 once in a while偶尔；间或 once upon a time曾经 2.介词与形容词的搭配 about短语 bring about导致，引起 care about关心；在意 come about 发生 hear about 听说 know/learn about了解 talk about 谈论 think about考虑 worry about 担心 at短语 laugh at 嘲笑 look at 看 knock at敲 point at 指向 shout at 斥责……；对……大喊 throw at 投向；掷向 work at 从事；研究 down短语 break down损坏；出故障 calm down （使）平静 cut down砍倒；削减 die down逐渐变弱 fall down倒塌；摔倒 let down 使失望 lie down躺下 pull down摧毁；拆毁 sit down坐下 slow down减速 take down拆除；记录 turn down调低，关小；拒绝 lie down躺下 pull down摧毁；拆毁 sit down坐下 write down写下 for短语 ask for 要求；请求 care for 关心；照顾；喜欢 cheer for 为……欢呼 leave for 出发前往 pay for 付钱 prepare for 为……做准备 wait for 等候；等待 off短语 break off中断；中止 clean off扫除；擦去 cut off切除；剪掉 drive off 驱车离去；驶去 get off 下车 give off发出，放出（光、热等） pay off 偿清 put off推迟 send off发出；寄出 set off出发，动身 show off炫耀 take off（飞机）起飞；脱下 shut off关闭 turn off关掉 kick sb. off开除某人 see sb. off 为某人送行 on短语 call on号召；拜访 cheer sb. on为某人加油 carry on继续；坚持 come on 快点儿；加油 depend on依靠；取决于 go on持续；发生 hold on不挂断（电话）；坚持 keep on继续（前行） try on试穿 take on 承担 turn on接通；打开 work on从事；继续工作 out短语 break out 爆发 bring out使显现 carry out 执行 check out调查；察看 clear out 清理；丢掉 come out开花；出版；显示 cut out 删除；删去 die out 灭绝 eat out出去吃 find out 查明；发现 give out分发；发放 go out 外出（娱乐）；熄灭 hand out分发 hang out 闲逛 help out 帮忙解决 leave out 不包括；不提及 look out当心 pick out 选出 point out指出 put out扑灭；扔掉 run out 用光 sell out卖完 set out 出发；动身 try out 试用；参加选拔 turn out结果是 work out成功地发展；解决 to短语 belong to 属于 dance to 伴着……跳舞 listen to 听 lead to 导致；通向 stick to 坚持；固守 shout to 对……大声喊叫 speak to 对……说话 talk to 与……交谈 pay attention to 注意；留心 help oneself to 请随便吃/喝…… hold on to 继续；坚持；保持 up短语 bring up提出；养育 call up打电话给；征召 cheer up 使振奋 clean up打扫 dress up打扮 eat up吃光 end up结束 fix up修理 give up放弃 grow up成长；长大 hurry up快点；赶快 look up 查阅；抬头看 make up编造；构成 pick up捡起；接人 put up搭建；张贴；举起 send up 发出；射出 set up建立；创立 show up出现；露面 stay up 熬夜 stand up站起来 take up占据；开始从事 tidy up收拾；整理 turn up开大；调高；出现 wake up睡醒；醒来 use up用完；耗尽 build sb. up 增强某人的体质 with短语 agree with 同意 deal with 处理；解决；应付 begin/start with 以……开始 compare with 与……作比较 connect with 与……相连 help out with 帮忙做 catch up with 赶上；达到 come up with 想出；提出 fall in love with 喜欢上 get on/along with 与……和睦相处 keep up with 跟上；不落后 3.“be＋形容词＋介词”短语 be＋形容词＋at be amazed at对……感到吃惊　be good at擅长……　be mad at对……感到生气 be disappointed at对……感到失望 be surprised at 对……感到惊奇 be＋形容词＋with be angry with 对……感到生气 be busy with忙于…… be good with善于应付…… be popular with 受……的欢迎 be pleased/satisfied with对……感到满意 be strict with对……严格要求 be＋形容词＋for be late for迟到 be/get ready for为……做准备 be sorry for对……感到抱歉 be responsible for对……负责 be good/bad for对……有好处/坏处 be thirsty for渴望…… be thankful for 对……心存感激 be famous/known for因……而闻名 be＋形容词＋of be afraid of害怕……　be tired of 对……感到厌倦　　　be proud of以……为骄傲 be full of充满……　　be certain/sure of对……有把握　 be short of 短缺 be＋形容词＋from be absent from缺席　　　 be different from 与……不同　　　 be separated from和……分开 be free from 免受；免于 be＋形容词＋in be different in在……方面不同 be interested in对……感兴趣 be weak in在……方面弱 be successful in在……方面成功 be＋形容词＋about be careful about对……小心 be crazy about 对……热衷 be sorry about对……感到抱歉 be sure about 对……有把握 be strict about sth. 对某事要求严格 1．—You sit in your room _________ for a long time, Li Hua. —I just want to be quiet for a while. A．in person B．in silence C．in public 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——你安静地坐在你的房间很长时间了，李华。——我只是想安静一会儿。考查介词短语。in person亲自；in silence安静地，无声地；in public公开地。根据“I just want to be quiet for a while.”可知，此处表示安静地坐在房间很长时间了。故选B。 2．It’s reported that, ________, people with college education can make more money than those without. A．in all B．in public C．in general D．above all 【答案】C 【解析】句意：据报道，一般来说，受过大学教育的人比没有受过大学教育者赚的钱多。考查介词短语。in all总共；in public在公共场合；in general一般来说，普遍地；above all首先，最重要的是。根据“It’s reported that…people with college education can make more money than those without.”并结合语境可知，空处指的是陈述某种事实，in general“一般来说，普遍地”符合语境。故选C。 3．—The decision wasn’t made ________. I have thought about it for long. —Well. It’s wise of you to think twice before acting. A．at last B．by accident C．in public D．on time 【答案】B 【解析】句意：——这个决定不是偶然做出的。我已经考虑很久了。 ——嗯。你在行动前三思是明智的。 考查介词短语。at last最终；by accident偶然地；in public公开地，在公共场合；on time按时。根据“I have thought about it for long”和“…to think twice before acting”可知，决定不是偶然做出的。故选B。 4．My parents just called me. I’m afraid I have to have dinner with them ________ shopping with you tonight. A．instead B．instead of C．rather than D．replace 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我父母刚打电话给我。恐怕今晚我得和他们一起吃晚饭，而不能和你一起购物。考查词义辨析。instead代替，副词，单独使用；instead of而不是，后接名词或动名词等；rather than而不是，连接动词时，前后动词形式需要一致；replace代替，动词原形。根据空后的“shopping with you tonight”可知，B项符合。故选B。 5．Tom is such an excellent student that he always stays ________ his class. A．at the bottom of B．near the end of C．in the front of D．at the top of 【答案】D 【解析】句意：汤姆是一个非常优秀的学生，他总是在班上名列前茅。考查介词短语。at the bottom of在……的底部；near the end of接近……的结尾；in the front of在……的前面（表示方位）；at the top of在……顶端。根据“such an excellent student”可知，优秀的学生成绩一般会在班级的前面而非后面，at the top of“在……顶端”，常用来形容某人在群体中表现优异。故选D。 1、 单词拼写 1． （2023·山东·中考真题）Another bridge is going to be built （穿过）the river this year. 【答案】across 【详解】句意：今年将在这条河上再建一座桥。根据题干和常识可知，桥是建立在河上，而且横穿过河，across“穿过”符合语境，故填across。 2． （2023·四川·中考真题）Deng Yaping has won many competitions, (包括) four gold medals in the Olympics. 【答案】including 【详解】句意：邓亚萍赢得了许多比赛，包括四枚奥运会金牌。including“包括”，介词。故填including。 3． （2022·江苏盐城·中考真题）We like to play by quiet streams or （在……下面）the tall trees while camping. 【答案】under 【详解】句意：露营时，我们喜欢在安静的小溪边或高大的树下玩耍。结合句意和“the tall trees”可知，空格处应用一个介词，“在……下”的英文表达为under。故填under。 4． （2023·海南·中考真题）Alice was reading a book (没有) any pictures or conversations. 【答案】without 【详解】句意：爱丽丝正在读一本没有任何图画和对话的书。without“没有”，介词。故填without。 5． （2025·江苏苏州·中考真题）Why not finish the task today instead of waiting (直到) tomorrow? 【答案】until 【详解】句意：为什么不今天完成任务而等到明天呢？根据“...instead of waiting ...tomorrow”及首字母可知，此处指为什么不今天完成而是等到明天完成，until“直到”符合语境，故填until。 6． （2024·四川·中考真题）Everyone is here （除了） Alan, because he is still ill in hospital. 【答案】except 【详解】句意：除了艾伦，大家都到了，因为他还生病在医院里。根据首字母及“because he is still ill in hospital”可知，艾伦生病住院了，所以除了他之外，大家都到了。except“除……之外”，介词。故填except。 7． （2025·江苏南京·三模）Outlaws of the Marsh (水浒传) speaks of 108 people. They team up to fight (对抗) cruel rulers. 【答案】against 【详解】句意：《水浒传》讲述了108个人的故事。他们联手对抗残暴的统治者。against“对抗”，介词。故填against。 8． （2025·江苏苏州·三模）It is said that there will be a new railway station (在……对面) our school. 【答案】opposite 【详解】句意：据说我们学校对面将会有一个新的火车站。根据中文提示可知，考查介词opposite“在……对面”。故填opposite。 9．（2025·江苏扬州·三模）An hour later, she stood (在外面) my house, with her suitcase, wet all over. 【答案】outside 【详解】句意：一个小时后，她站在我家外面，带着她的手提箱，全身湿透了。根据“An hour later, she stood...my house, with her suitcase, wet all over.”及汉语提示可知，“在外面”英文表达为“outside”，是介词，“outside my house”表示“在我家外面”。故选outside。 2、 语法填空 1.（2023·浙江嘉兴·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 It was the fifth day of our Italian journey. We arrived at our hotel 1 (early) than usual. Dad offered to take us to the ancient city of Pompeii. I didn’t really want to go 2 I had no interest in old cities. We travelled there by train. On the way, Dad told us something about 3 history. Many years ago, Pompeii was a large city near a volcano(火山). The volcano broke out and 4 (complete) covered the city in ash(灰). About twenty thousand people 5 (kill). But the buildings remained there. And now, 2,000 years later, people around the world come here 6 (see) how people lived all those years ago. I had thought it was boring to visit the 2,000-year-old 7 (house), but I was wrong. They were very interesting! Most of their rooms 8 (have) fine paintings all over the walls. I was also amazed at the bathrooms. I’d love a big bathroom in our house— 9 (our) is so small! Dad usually makes bad plans but this time he gets it right, finally. 10 a surprise! I got really interested in Pompeii. In fact, I’ve got lots of ideas for our house when we get home! 【答案】 1．earlier 2．because/as 3．the 4．completely 5．were killed 6．to see 7．houses 8．had 9．ours 10．What 【导语】本文讲述了作者和家人去庞贝古城的经历。 1．句意：我们到达旅馆的时间比平时早。根据“than”可知应用比较级，故填earlier。 2．句意：我并不是真的想去，因为我对古城没有兴趣。根据“I didn’t really want to go...I had no interest in old cities.”可知后句是前句的原因，此处可以用because或as引导原因状语从句，故填because/as。 3．句意：爸爸给我们讲了一些历史。此处是特指庞贝古城的历史，应用定冠词the，故填the。 4．句意：火山爆发了，整个城市被火山灰完全覆盖了。complete是形容词，此处修饰动词，应用副词，故填completely。 5．句意：大约有两万人丧生。主语people和动词kill之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，结合句子是一般过去时可知应用一般过去时的被动语态：was/were done，主语是people，be动词用were。故填were killed。 6．句意：现在，2000年过去了，世界各地的人们来到这里，看看那些年前人们是如何生活的。分析语境可知人们来到这里是为了看看那些年前人们是如何生活的，应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to see。 7．句意：我原以为参观那些有2000年历史的老房子很无聊，但是我错了。house“房子”，可数名词，此处应用复数表示泛指，故填houses。 8．句意：他们大多数房间的墙上都挂满了精美的油画。have“有”，动词，句子是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填had。 9．句意：我希望我们家有个大浴室——我们家的浴室太小了！此处是指“我们家的浴室”，空后无名词，应用名词性物主代词ours。故填ours。 10．句意：真是个惊喜！此处是感叹句，surprise是名词，应用what引导感叹句，故填What。 2.（2022·浙江衢州·中考真题）阅读下面材料，按照句子结构的语法情况和上下文连贯的要求，在空白处填入适当的词或用括号中所给词的正确形式填空。每空不超过两词。 My name is Rebeca and I’m 11. I’m from beautiful Brazil! But my family live in a poor area, and life isn’t easy. My father 11 (work) hard so my brother and I can go to school. And we always come straight home after school 12 (help) with the housework. But I have a dream…football! And I want to tell you how football has changed my life. My dad wanted my big brother to be 13 football player, but he didn’t like training. I loved football and when I played I felt happy and forgot about everything around 14 (I). My mum said, “Football isn’t for girls.” The boys at school didn’t want to play 15 a girl either, but when they saw I was good, I got the chance to join them. One day I 16 (tell) by my teacher that there was a football team just for girls and they were preparing for a competition in March. I 17 (real) wanted to be part of the team and I decided to try my hardest. When my dad and brother knew that, they were very happy. My mum still didn’t like the idea. “It isn’t going to be easy for you 18 football is a boy’s sport,” she said. But she said nothing after that, and my dad and brother trained with me every day for seven 19 (month). Finally, in February the coach showed us which players were in the team. When I heard my name, I jumped in the air. Our team traveled to Rio de Janeiro in March and we won the competition—it was amazing! Since then we’ve won a lot of matches. But more importantly, I’ve become much 20 (confident) about myself. When I get older, I want to be a great football player. That’s my biggest dream in life. 【答案】 11．works 12．to help 13．a 14．me 15．with 16．was told 17．really 18．because 19．months 20．more confident 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，作者是一个热爱足球的女孩子，在爸爸和哥哥的陪伴下参加比赛，成为一名足球运动员是作者的梦想。 11．句意：我的父亲努力工作，所以我和我的哥哥可以去上学。时态是一般现在时，主语是My father，动词用三单，故填works。 12．句意：我们总是放学后直接回家帮助做家务。根据“And we always come straight home after school...with the housework.”可知，放学后回家帮忙做家务，用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to help。 13．句意：我爸爸想让我哥哥成为一名足球运动员，但他不喜欢训练。此处泛指一名足球运动员，football首字母发辅音音素，故填a。 14．句意：我喜欢足球，当我踢球的时候，我感到快乐，忘记了周围的一切。此处在介词后作宾语，用宾格，故填me。 15．句意：学校里的男孩们也不想和女孩一起玩，但当他们看到我很棒时，我就有机会加入他们。根据“The boys at school didn’t want to play...a girl either”可知，此处指和女孩一起玩，play with“和……一起玩”，故填with。 16．句意：有一天，我的老师告诉我，有一个女子足球队，她们正在准备三月的比赛。本句主语I是动作的承受者，时态是一般过去时，用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was told。 17．句意：我真的很想成为这个团队的一员，于是我决定尽我最大的努力。此处在句中修饰动词，用副词形式，故填really。 18．句意：这对你来说并不容易，因为足球是男孩的运动。“football is a boy’s sport”是“It isn’t going to be easy for you”的原因，用because引导原因状语从句，故填because。 19．句意：但从那以后，她什么也没说，我爸爸和哥哥在七个月的时间里每天都跟着我训练。seven修饰可数名词复数，故填months。 20．句意：但更重要的是，我对自己更加自信了。much修饰形容词比较级，故填more confident。 21 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $