Unit 4 What is life Grammar and composition 课件-2025-2026学年高中英语译林版(2020)选修第三册

高中英语译林版(2020)选修第三册课件 Unit 4 What is life? Grammar and composition Page 48-49 Allusion 制作者：桂东一中　李宇平 ◆ 内容分析 本板块围绕单元话题，在有关英文典故“阿喀琉斯之踵”的语篇中，观察、探究典故的使用情况，自主归纳其含义和用法；接着通过单句和语篇两个层面的练习巩固所学、内化新知；最后正确运用所学，准确、恰当、得体地使用典故写一段话介绍对人生意义的看法，实现“形式—意义—使用”三者的统一。 ◆ 教学目标 By the end of this section, we will be able to: 1. identify the use of allusion; 2. work out the rules of allusion; 3. use allusions to finish related tasks; 4. write a short paragraph about our ideas of the meaning of life using allusions. A. Exploring the rules Below is an introduction to the origin of the allusion “Achilles heel”. Find out where this allusion came from and what it means, and fill in the table below. Achil·les heel /əˌkɪliːz ˈhiːl/ 致命弱点,致命的缺陷,阿喀琉斯之踵 Allusion Source Meaning Achilles heel Greek mythology A weak point in someone’s character, which can be attacked by other people Perhaps you have heard of Achilles, a heroic warrior in Greek mythology. In Homer’s epic poem The Iliad, which describes the final events of the ten‑year Trojan War,Achilles is known for his pride and his desire for glory. Handsome, brave and unbeatable in battle, he is the greatest of all Greek warriors. Homer /ˈhəʊmə(r)/荷马（古希腊诗人） hero·ic/həˈrəʊɪk/ 英勇的,英雄的;有必胜决心的,不畏艰难的 The Iliad /ˈɪliæd/《伊利亚特》（相传荷马创作的史诗） the Trojan War/ˈtrəʊdʒən/特洛伊战争（古希腊战争） Tro·jan /ˈtrəʊdʒən/ (小亚细亚古城)特洛伊人 pride 自负,傲慢 Surrounding this legendary figure,there are not only exciting stories passed down from ancient times, but also a common allusion that has found its way into the English language.围绕这位传奇人物，不仅流传着从古至今的诸多精彩故事，而且还有一个常见的典故已被融入到了英语词汇中。 According to Greek mythology, Achilles’s mother, a goddess named Thetis, held him below the surface of a river that was believed to have magical powers, so as to protect him against any injury. Thetis /ˈθetɪs/忒提斯（希腊神话中的人物） Unfortunately, because she held the baby Achilles by his heel, this part of his body remained unprotected. Before Achilles took part in the Trojan War,he had a difficult decision to make about his own life: he could return home, live a long peaceful life and be forgotten forever; or he could fight the Trojans and die the death of a glorious warrior, with his name living on forever. 或者他可以选择与特洛伊人作战，并以一位荣耀战士的壮烈方式死去，让自己的名字永远流传下去。 live on 继续活着,继续存在;以食…为生;靠（…钱）生活 The brave warrior Achilles, not surprisingly, chose the latter. He joined his fellow Greeks to fight the Trojans, killing the Trojan prince Hector in the process. Then Paris, Hector’s brother, shot Achilles in his unprotected heel with an arrow, leaving him to die. For Achilles, who believed life was meaningful only when he was remembered by others, this was a noble and worthy death. Hector /ˈhektə(r)/赫克托耳（希腊神话中的人物） Paris /ˈpærɪs/帕里斯（希腊神话中的人物） worthy值得尊敬的；值得注意的；值得敬仰的 remember记住；把…牢记在心 Today,as he had hoped, Achilles’s name still lives on. His choice about how to spend his life has led people to reflect upon the meaning of life. The allusion “Achilles heel”, referring to a weak point in someone’s character, which can be attacked by other people,has become one of the most commonly used allusions in the English language. Working out the rules •Allusion is a figure of speech that makes a(n) ________ (direct/indirect) reference to a person, object or event from outside the text. “典故”是一种修辞手法，它通过间接的方式提及文外的人物、事物或事件。 • Some allusions come from literature or mythological stories, like “Achilles heel” from Greek mythology. • The use of allusions can add to the richness and depth of a text. 运用典故能够使文本更加丰富和深刻。 mytho·logic·al /ˌmɪθəˈlɒdʒɪkl/ 神话的；神话学的 indirect Page 93 典故 典故（allusion）是一种修辞手法，指引用读者可能熟悉的历史事件、文学作品等来源中的人物、事物、地点、事件等，以唤起他们的联想。典故形式简洁而内涵深刻，往往需要读者了解相关的历史、文化背景，才能更好地理解其深层含义。英语中常见的典故有以下几种类型： 1.来自神话故事的典故。如： Claude Monet found his muse in his own garden. 缪斯(Muse)是希腊神话中九位文艺和科学女神的通称，后来 muse /mjuːz/ 被用于指代创作的灵感。（缪斯是古希腊和罗马神话中执掌诗歌、音乐和其他文学艺术分支的九位女神之一） 2.来自文学作品的典故。如： Unable to make sense of what was happening, she felt she was in an Alice-in-Wonderland world. 她完全不明白正在发生的事情，感觉自己仿佛置身于一个奇异的梦幻世界之中。 《爱丽丝漫游奇境记》(Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland)是刘易斯·卡罗尔所著的儿童小说，讲述了一个名叫爱丽丝的小女孩在一个神奇的国度经历的一系列奇幻冒险故事。后来 Alice in Wonderland 或 an Alice-in-Wonderland world被用于指代不同寻常的奇怪局面。 won·der·land  /ˈwʌndəlænd/ (童话中的)仙境,奇境;非常奇妙的地方,极为美丽的地方 Alice in Wonderland(事情悖理且与想象的截然相反的)怪异局面 Alice-in-Wonderland adj. 3.来自历史的典故。如： I met my Waterloo in the Chemistry examination. 滑铁卢（Waterloo）指 1815 年的滑铁卢战役，拿破仑率领法国军队与英国、普鲁士联军在比利时的一个小镇滑铁卢展开激战，最后拿破仑兵败。后来Waterloo 被用于指代最终的失败或毁灭性的打击。 sb's Water·loo  /ˌwɔːtəˈluː/ (being defeated after a long period of success)最终的失败；毁灭性打击。源自1815年的滑铁卢战役。在那场战役中，英国人（在威灵顿公爵的率领下）和普鲁士人最终打败了拿破仑。 This was the point at which he was to meet his Waterloo . 这将会是他最终失败之处。 B. Applying the rules Page 49 B1.Underline the allusion in each of the following sentences and explain its meaning in your own words. 1. This novel is about a man’s odyssey to trace his family history that stretches back generations. 这部小说讲述的是一位男子追寻家族历史的历程，其家族历史可追溯至数代以前。 odys·sey/ˈɒdəsi/ (a long journey, often with adventures and difficulties) 艰苦的跋涉；漫长而充满风险的历程 。源自希腊史诗《奥德赛》，相传为荷马所作，描述了奥德修斯在特洛伊战争后，辗转十年返回家园的种种经历。 2. I had been doing well academically, but I met my Waterloo in the Maths test last week.我之前在学业上表现一直不错，但上周的数学考试却让我遭遇了挫折。 3. Sam tried to save every penny he had earned and some of his friends said he was a bit of a Scrooge. 萨姆努力节省自己挣得的每一分钱，而他的几个朋友则称他有点像个吝啬鬼。 Scrooge/skruːdʒ/ (a person who hates spending money) 吝啬鬼；守财奴。源自狄更斯小说《圣诞颂歌》中一个极其吝啬的人物埃比尼泽•斯克鲁奇 (Ebenezer Scrooge)。/ˌebəˈniːzə(r)/ 4. Monica seemed to have the Midas touch: all her investments turned out highly profitable.莫妮卡似乎有着点石成金的魔力：她所有的投资都获得了丰厚的回报。 the Midas touch /ˈmaɪdəs tʌtʃ/(the ability to achieve financial success) 事事都能赚大钱的本领。源自希腊神话，其中的迈达斯国王具有点石成金的能力。 5. Unfortunately, his greed opened a Pandora’s box. 不幸的是，他的贪婪行为引发了一系列严重后果。 Pandora's box /pænˌdɔːrəz ˈbɒks/ (something that would cause a lot of problems once it is started)潘多拉魔盒（指邪恶之源） B2.Below is a student’s presentation transcript about how to give meaning to life.Complete the transcript with the allusions in the box below. Herculean task艰巨的任务 Her·cu·lean /ˌhɜːkjuˈliːən/ 费力的,需要决心的,艰巨的。源自希腊神话。赫拉克勒斯（Hercules）通过完成十二项十分艰巨的任务（“赫拉克勒斯的功绩”）而证明了他的勇气和力量。 yellow brick road 黄金之路,这个典故源自经典童话《绿野仙踪》，它象征着通往梦想或目标的旅程，常被用来比喻充满希望、冒险或最终通向成功的人生道路。 Einstein 已成为“天才”的同义词，源于爱因斯坦颠覆性的科学贡献（如相对论）和公众形象。 Mother Teresa（特蕾莎修女）在英语里常被用来象征‌无私的慈善、谦卑的仁爱和对弱者的深切关怀‌。她的名言“Do small things with great love”（用伟大的爱做微小的事）更是广为流传，完美体现了她的人生哲学。 What is the meaning of life? This is a question that man has been wrestling with since he first began to think. Even if you were a(n) (1) _______, you would probably struggle to answer this question simply because there is no single answer that would satisfy everyone. 这是一个人类自诞生之初就一直在思考的问题。即便你是爱因斯坦，恐怕也难以给出一个令所有人满意的答案，因为这个问题没有一个统一的正确答案。 wrestle (with sth)奋力对付；努力处理；全力解决 Einstein While getting to grips with the meaning of life is a(n) (2) _____________, I would like to draw your attention to three building blocks which I believe will help make your life more meaningful. Firstly, make sense of your life experiences. For example, when you are in nature, take the time to appreciate the trees, the flowers, the birds and the sky. When you are with friends or family, put your mobile phone away and enjoy close human interaction. come/get to grips with sth开始理解并着手处理难题 building block 积木,塑料积木; [ pl.]组成部分,构成要素 Herculean task Secondly, you need to give your life purpose. Find out what matters most to you and work for it. For us students, this usually means trying to do well at school. However, you also need to be aware of what you wish to achieve in the long run and more importantly, how to go for it. Thirdly, it is essential to understand that your life should be significant to others. This can be achieved by devoting your time to charitable causes. You don’t need to be a(n) (3) _____________, but research shows that by helping others you also feel good about yourself. work (for sth)争取,力争,努力取得 go for sth努力争取某事物 char·it·able慈善的,行善的,布施的 feel good感到愉快(或有信心等) Mother Teresa Hopefully, by considering the building blocks above, you will be able to set yourself those goals that will allow you to follow your own (4) _______________ towards a life of greater meaning. 希望通过上述的这些要素的考量，您能够为自己设定一些目标，从而能够沿着属于自己的“黄砖路”走向更加有意义的人生。 B3.What does life mean to you? How can you make your life more meaningful? Write a short paragraph about your idea of the meaning of life. Use allusions where appropriate. yellow brick road To me, life is a gift, and it is my responsibility to get the most out of it. I believe the best way to do this is to increase my knowledge and develop as many skills as possible. I wish I could just click my heels and achieve my goals in a second,but with good time management, planning and determination, I know I can do it the real way. 对我来说，生命是一份礼物，而我的责任就是充分地享受它。我认为实现这一目标的最佳方式就是不断增长知识，并尽可能多地培养各种技能。我真希望自己能轻点一下脚尖，瞬间就达成目标，但只要做好时间管理、做好规划并且有坚定的决心，我相信我能够以正确的方式实现目标。 Click my heels源自经典童话故事《绿野仙踪》（The Wizard of Oz），故事中的女主角多萝西被龙卷风卷到奇幻仙境。为了回家，她拥有的红色魔法鞋使她只需敲击鞋跟三次即可返回家中。‌核心精神‌：象征‌对家的渴望和回归平凡生活的愿望‌。 My plan is to be a lifelong learner and to never turn away from a challenge without trying to overcome it first, though some might be like pulling a sword out of a stone. By discovering and cultivating my talents through continuous learning, I will surely have the golden ticket to a meaningful life.Besides, opening my mind to new ideas, along with welcoming new experiences, helps me to build my own yellow brick road.我的目标是成为一名终身学习者，并且在面对挑战时，绝不会轻易放弃而不去先尝试去克服它，尽管有些挑战可能像从石头中拔出一把剑一样困难。通过持续学习来发现和培养自己的才能，我肯定能获得开启有意义生活的“金钥匙”。此外，敞开心扉接受新思想，同时积极接纳新体验，有助于我构建属于自己的“黄金之路”。 turn sb away (from sth)把某人拒之门外；不准某人进入 pulling a sword out of a stone（石中剑）源自亚瑟王传说，讲的是少年亚瑟拔出石中剑，证明自己是不列颠合法君主的故事。它现在常被用来比喻‌证明自己拥有非凡的天赋或合法的资格‌，尤其是在关键时刻脱颖而出。 golden ticket 千载难逢的机会。源自《查理和巧克力工厂》，指极其珍贵或难以获得的机遇，现广泛用于形容稀缺的幸运机会 B.Fill in the blanks with the allusions in the box below. Page 72 Stone Age 石器时代，形容某物或某情况‌非常原始、过时或技术落后‌，相当于中文里的“石器时代”或“原始社会”。 Columbus源自探险家哥伦布发现美洲新大陆的故事，现在常被用来比喻那些‌勇于探索未知、敢于提出创新想法并最终取得突破性成就的人‌。 Shakespeare/ˈʃeɪkspɪə(r)/莎士比亚(1564-1616，英国诗人、剧作家) golden ticket man Friday得力的男助手；男仆。源自丹尼尔•笛福 (Daniel Defoe)的小说《鲁滨逊漂流记》中由鲁滨逊搭救的人。 1. To some degree, it is a ____________ for Monica, one that would put her on the top of the career ladder. 2. Sam is the ____________ of our school. He is now working very hard on his fifth play. 3. David owes his success to his friend who is willing to act as his __________. owe sth to sb/sth或owe sb sth归因于；归功于；起源于 golden ticket Shakespeare man Friday 4. John seems a modern-day _________, travelling so much and removing so many obstacles during his voyages. 约翰似乎就是现代版的哥伦布，他四处航行，一路上克服了诸多障碍。 5.We had no electricity for five hours last night. It was like living in the _________. Columbus Stone Age $