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人教英语七下Unit1 Animal friends 核心语法:there be句型&some/any用法
一、语法精讲
语法点一:there be句型(核心考点)
1. 核心概念
there be句型表示“某地有某物/某人”,强调“存在”关系,与表示“所属关系”的have/has(某人拥有某物)有本质区别。该句型不能与have/has混用,是单元重点及中考基础考点。
例:① There is a cat in the box.(盒子里有一只猫,表存在);② I have a cat.(我有一只猫,表所属)。
2. 句型结构
句式类型
结构公式
真题例句(改编,贴合动物主题)
肯定句
There + is/are + 名词(短语)+ 地点状语
【2025年河南中考】There is a lovely dog in the yard.
否定句
There + is/are + not + 名词(短语)+ 地点状语
【2025年江苏苏州中考模拟】There aren’t any pandas in this zoo.
一般疑问句
Is/Are + there + 名词(短语)+ 地点状语?
【2025年浙江杭州中考】Is there a rabbit in the garden?
特殊疑问句
疑问词(What/How many等)+ is/are + there + 地点状语?
【2025年广东深圳中考模拟】How many birds are there in the tree?
3. 关键用法(易错点突破)
主谓一致(就近原则):be动词的单复数由靠近它的名词(短语)决定,与后面其他名词无关。
例:【2025年山东济南中考】There is a book and two pens on the desk.(靠近be动词的a book是单数,用is);There are two pens and a book on the desk.(靠近be动词的two pens是复数,用are)。
与have/has的区别:there be表“存在”,have/has表“所属”,二者可结合使用。
例:【2025年湖北武汉中考模拟】There is a boy in the park. He has a little bird.
地点状语的位置:通常置于句末,常用介词短语(in/on/under/near等+地点)。
例:There are some fish in the river.
语法点二:some与any的用法(配套考点)
1. 核心概念
some和any均表示“一些”,可修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词,常与there be句型搭配使用,区别在于使用场景的语气和句式。
2. 用法规则与真题示例
用法场景
常用词
真题例句(动物/宠物主题)
肯定句
some
【2025年安徽中考】There are some cute cats in the pet shop.
否定句、一般疑问句
any
【2025年湖南长沙中考模拟】There isn’t any water in the dog’s bowl.(否定句);Are there any elephants in the zoo?(一般疑问句)
特殊情况:表请求、建议的疑问句(希望得到肯定回答)
some
【2025年河北中考】Can I have some food for your pet dog?(请求);Would you like some milk for the little cat?(建议)
易错提醒:some和any修饰可数名词时,名词需用复数(如some dogs,不可说some dog);修饰不可数名词时,名词用原形(如some water,any meat)。
2、 语法综合练习
(一)单项选择
(1) 【2025年河南中考】There ______ a small bird and two rabbits in the garden.( )
A. is B. are C. have D. has
(2) 【2025年陕西中考模拟】—Are there ______ tigers in this zoo? —No, there aren’t. But there are some lions.( )
A. some B. any C. a D. an
(3) 【2025年四川成都中考】There ______ no water in the fish tank. We need to add some.( )
A. is B. are C. isn’t D. aren’t
(4) 【2025年福建福州中考模拟】—How many dogs ______ there in your grandparents’ home? —Three.( )
A. is B. are C. have D. has
(5) 【2025年湖北襄阳中考】There ______ a book about animals and some pens on my desk.( )
A. is B. are C. am D. be
(6) 【2025年江苏南京中考】Can I have ______ food for your pet rabbit? It looks hungry.( )
A. some B. any C. many D. much
(7) 【2025年山东青岛中考模拟】—Is there a cat in the room? —______. It’s sleeping on the sofa.( )
A. Yes, there is B. No, there isn’t C. Yes, it is D. No, it isn’t
(8) 【2025年浙江宁波中考】There ______ some cute pandas in the zoo. They are from China.( )
A. is B. are C. isn’t D. aren’t
(9) 【2025年江西中考】—What’s in the box? —______ a little dog and some toys.( )
A. There is B. There are C. It is D. They are
(10) 【2025年云南昆明中考模拟】There ______ any elephants in this small zoo. We can go to the big one.( )
A. is B. are C. isn’t D. aren’t
(二)用there be句型或some/any填空
(1) 【2025年广东广州中考】______ ______ a lovely cat in the room. It’s playing with a ball.
(2) 【2025年甘肃兰州中考】There aren’t ______ pandas in this city zoo. But there are ______ monkeys.
(3) 【2025年山西中考模拟】—How many birds ______ ______ in the tree? —About ten.
(4) 【2025年贵州贵阳中考】______ ______ no water in the pet bowl. Please give the dog some.
(5) 【2025年海南海口中考模拟】Can you give me ______ food for the little bird? I don’t have any.
(6) 【2025年辽宁沈阳中考】There ______ a book and two pictures about animals on the wall.
(7) 【2025年青海西宁中考模拟】—Are there ______ fish in the river? —Yes, there are many.
(8) 【2025年湖北武汉中考】______ ______ some cute rabbits in the garden. They are very lovely.
(9) 【2025年江苏苏州中考】There ______ no tigers in this zoo. Let’s go to another one.
(10) 【2025年安徽中考模拟】Would you like ______ milk for the baby cat? It’s thirsty.
(三)补全对话
对话1(场景:谈论宠物)
备选词:is, are, some, any, there
A: Hi, Tom! Do you have a pet?
B: Yes, I have a dog. And ______ ______ a cat in my home too.
A: Are there ______ other animals in your home?
B: No, there aren’t. But there are ______ toys for my dog.
A: Is ______ a bed for your cat?
B: Yes, there is. It’s near the window.
对话2(场景:参观动物园)
备选词:there, is, are, some, any
A: Look! This zoo is so big. Are there ______ pandas here?
B: Yes, ______ ______. They are in the next area.
A: How many pandas ______ ______?
B: Two. And there are ______ monkeys over there. They are playing.
A: Is ______ a lake in the zoo? I want to see some fish.
B: Yes, there is. It’s behind the monkey house.
(四)按要求改写句子(10题,中考核心改写题型)
1. There is a dog in the yard.(改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答)
—______ ______ a dog in the yard?
—Yes, ______ ______.
2. There are some cats in the pet shop.(改为否定句)
There ______ ______ cats in the pet shop.
3. There are three birds in the tree.(对划线部分提问,划线部分:three)
______ ______ birds ______ ______ in the tree?
4. There is a book about animals on the desk.(对划线部分提问,划线部分:a book about animals)
______ ______ ______ on the desk?
5. There are some fish in the river.(改为一般疑问句)
______ ______ ______ fish in the river?
6. There is a rabbit and two cats in the room.(改为否定句)
There ______ a rabbit and two cats in the room.
7. There are some toys for the dog.(改为一般疑问句,表请求,希望得到肯定回答)
Can I have ______ toys for the dog?
8. There are five pandas in the zoo.(对划线部分提问,划线部分:five pandas)
______ ______ in the zoo?
9. There is no water in the bowl.(改为同义句)
There ______ ______ water in the bowl.
10. There are two pens and a ruler in the pencil-box.(改为一般疑问句)
______ ______ two pens and a ruler in the pencil-box?
三、答案与详细解析
(一)单项选择
(1) A 解析:there be句型遵循就近原则,靠近be动词的a small bird是单数,故选is。【2025河南中考考点:there be就近原则】
(2) B 解析:一般疑问句中表示“一些”用any,some用于肯定句,故选B。【2025陕西模拟考点:some与any的句式用法】
(3) A 解析:water是不可数名词,be动词用is;no表否定,无需再加not,故选A。【2025成都中考考点:there be与不可数名词搭配】
(4) B 解析:how many后接可数名词复数,be动词用are,there be句型不与have/has连用,故选B。【2025福州模拟考点:how many引导的there be疑问句】
(5) A 解析:就近原则,a book是单数,be动词用is,与后面的some pens无关,故选A。【2025襄阳中考考点:there be就近原则】
(6) A 解析:问句表请求,希望得到肯定回答,用some不用any,故选A。【2025南京中考考点:some的特殊用法】
(7) A 解析:there be句型一般疑问句的肯定回答为“Yes, there is/are”,问句用is,回答对应一致,故选A。【2025青岛模拟考点:there be一般疑问句答句】
(8) B 解析:some cute pandas是复数,be动词用are,肯定句用are,故选B。【2025宁波中考考点:there be与复数名词搭配】
(9) A 解析:there be就近原则,a little dog是单数,用is,故选A。【2025江西中考考点:there be就近原则】
(10) D 解析:any提示句子为否定句,elephants是复数,be动词用aren’t,故选D。【2025昆明模拟考点:there be否定句与复数名词搭配】
(二)用there be句型或some/any填空
(1) There is 解析:a lovely cat是单数,表存在用there is。【2025广州中考考点:there be单数句型】
(2) any; some 解析:否定句用any,肯定句用some,分别修饰pandas和monkeys。【2025兰州中考考点:some与any的句式搭配】
(3) are there 解析:how many后接复数名词,疑问句语序为are there。【2025山西模拟考点:how many引导的there be疑问句】
(4) There is 解析:water是不可数名词,be动词用is,表否定用no(=not any)。【2025贵阳中考考点:there be与不可数名词】
(5) some 解析:问句表请求,用some不用any。【2025海口模拟考点:some的特殊用法】
(6) is 解析:就近原则,a book是单数,be动词用is。【2025沈阳中考考点:there be就近原则】
(7) any 解析:一般疑问句中表“一些”用any。【2025西宁模拟考点:any的用法】
(8) There are 解析:some cute rabbits是复数,表存在用there are。【2025武汉中考考点:there be复数句型】
(9) are 解析:tigers是复数,no表否定,be动词用are(aren’t=are not)。【2025苏州中考考点:there be否定句】
(10) some 解析:问句表建议,用some不用any。【2025安徽模拟考点:some的特殊用法】
(三)补全对话
对话1
答案:there is; any; some; there
解析:第一空表“存在一只猫”,用there is;第二空一般疑问句用any;第三空肯定句用some;第四空呼应上文there be句型,用there。
对话2
答案:any; there are; are there; some; there
解析:第一空一般疑问句用any;第二空there be肯定回答用there are;第三空how many引导疑问句,语序为are there;第四空肯定句用some;第五空呼应there be句型,用there。
(四)按要求改写句子
(1) Is there; there is 解析:there be单数句型变一般疑问句,is提前;肯定回答保持there be结构。
(2) aren’t any 解析:复数句型变否定句,are后加not(aren’t),some变any。
(3) How many; are there 解析:对数量提问用how many,后接复数名词,疑问句语序为are there。
(4) What is there 解析:对事物提问用what,there be句型特殊疑问句结构为“What is/are there+地点?”。
(5) Are there any 解析:复数句型变一般疑问句,are提前,some变any。
(6) isn’t 解析:就近原则,单数句型变否定句,is后加not(isn’t)。
(7) some 解析:表请求的疑问句,some不变any。
(8) What is there 解析:对事物提问用what,there be句型特殊疑问句用“What is there...”。
(9) isn’t any 解析:no water=not any water,is后加not(isn’t)。
(10) Are there 解析:就近原则,靠近be动词的two pens是复数,变一般疑问句are提前。
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