Unit 1重点知识讲解-2025-2026学年冀教版英语八年级上册

冀教英语八上重点知识讲解 Unit 1 Me and my class 一、单词用法讲解 1. introduce /ˌɪntrəˈdjuːs/ v. 介绍；引进 教材原句：Let me introduce you to my cousin, Brian. → 替换例句：Let me introduce my new deskmate to you at the class meeting. 用法解析 作及物动词，后直接接宾语，表“介绍”时宾语为人，表“引进”时宾语多为新事物、制度、技术等。 名词形式为 introduction，意为“介绍；引言”，常用短语 a brief introduction（简要介绍）。 常见搭配 introduce oneself：自我介绍 introduce... to...：把……介绍给…… introduce new technology：引进新技术 例句 You can introduce yourself to the new classmates at the first lesson. The school introduced a new rule to improve students' safety at school. 2. yet /jet/ adv. 还；仍旧 conj. 但是；然而 教材原句：Well, I'm not sure yet. → 替换例句：I haven't finished my math homework yet this evening. 用法解析 ① 作副词，多用于否定句、疑问句末，表“还；仍”，常与现在完成时、一般现在时连用，表预料的事未发生。 ② 作连词，表转折，语气比 but 稍弱，可置于句中（用逗号隔开）或句首。 易混辨析 易混词 用法及例句 yet 否定句/疑问句末，可与现在完成时连用例：Have you finished your project yet? already 肯定句中，可置于句中/句末，现在完成时常用例：She has already finished her project. 例句 He hasn't called me back yet, and I'm a little worried. The task is hard, yet we will try our best to finish it. 3. surprise /səˈpraɪz/ n. 意外；惊奇 v. 使感到意外 教材原句：But to his surprise, Patrick didn't think it was a good idea. → 替换例句：To my surprise, he won the first prize in the English competition. 用法解析 ① 作名词，表“惊奇；惊讶”时可作不可数/可数名词，表“意外的事”时为可数名词； ② 作及物动词，后接人作宾语，表“使某人吃惊”，其形容词形式为 surprised（修饰人）、surprising（修饰物）。 常见搭配 to one's surprise：令某人吃惊的是 in surprise：吃惊地；惊讶地 surprise sb with sth：用某物使某人惊喜 例句 The news surprised everyone in the classroom yesterday. He looked at me in surprise when I told him the good news. 4. lend /lend/ v. 借给；提供 教材原句：I won't lend you my homework. → 替换例句：Could you lend me your English dictionary for a moment? 用法解析 作及物动词，表“借出”，指主语把东西借给他人，不规则动词，过去式/过去分词为 lent。 常用双宾语结构：lend sb sth = lend sth to sb，代词作宾语时只能用后一种结构。 易混辨析 易混词 用法及例句 lend 借出，主语是出借方，lend sth to sb，瞬间动词例：I lent my bike to my friend last weekend. borrow 借入，主语是借入方，borrow sth from sb，瞬间动词例：I borrowed a book from the school library. keep 保留，延续性动词，可与时间段连用例：You can keep the book for two weeks. 例句 She lent her pen to me because I forgot mine. I can't lend you any money, for I have little left. 5. break /breɪk/ n. 假期；休息；间断 v. 打破；中断 教材原句：After a long summer break, it was so nice to see my classmates again! → 替换例句：We need to take a short break after studying for three hours. 用法解析 ① 作名词，表“休息；假期”为可数名词，表“间断”为不可数名词； ② 作动词，表“打破；中断”，不规则动词，过去式 broke，过去分词 broken，可作及物/不及物动词。 常见搭配 动词短语：break down（出故障；分解）、break in（闯入；打断）、break out（爆发）、break up（解散；破裂） 名词短语：take a break（休息一下）、a coffee break（咖啡休息时间）、summer break（暑假） 例句 The car broke down on the way to the train station this morning. She broke the glass when she was washing dishes at home. 6. wonder /ˈwʌndə(r)/ n. 奇妙之处；奇观 v. 想知道；感到疑惑 教材原句：I felt excited to learn more about the wonders of science. → 替换例句：I wonder how to solve this difficult math problem. 用法解析 ① 作名词，表“奇观；奇迹”，可数名词，常用短语 the wonders of the world（世界奇观）； ② 作动词，后常接疑问词+不定式或宾语从句，从句用陈述语序，无进行时。 常见搭配 wonder + 疑问词 (who/what/why) + to do wonder if/whether...：想知道是否…… It's no wonder that...：难怪…… 例句 I wonder if he will come to our class party this Sunday. The Great Wall is one of the greatest wonders in the world. 7. fear /fɪə(r)/ n. 害怕；恐惧 v. 害怕；畏惧 教材原句：I have a fear of heights. → 替换例句：She has a fear of dark places, so she never goes out alone at night. 用法解析 ① 作名词，可作可数/不可数名词，表“某种恐惧”为可数，表“内心的恐惧”为不可数； ② 作动词，可作及物/不及物动词，后接名词、代词、从句，也可接 to do sth。 常见搭配 a fear of...：对……的恐惧 in fear of：害怕……；担心…… fear to do sth：害怕做某事 fear that...：担心…… 例句 He fears to speak in public because he is shy. The little girl was shaking with fear when she saw the big dog. 8. realise /ˈriːəlaɪz/ (美realize) v. 意识到；实现 教材原句：I can take steps to overcome my fear and try my best to realise my dream. → 替换例句：He finally realised his mistake and said sorry to us. 用法解析 作及物动词，表“意识到”时后接名词、代词、宾语从句；表“实现”时，宾语多为梦想、目标、愿望等。 名词形式为 realisation（美realization），意为“意识到；实现”。 常见搭配 realise one's dream：实现某人的梦想 realise the importance of...：意识到……的重要性 例句 We need to work hard to realise our dreams in the future. She didn't realise that she was late until the teacher called her name. 二、重点短语讲解 1. take steps 采取措施 教材原句：I can take steps to overcome my fear and try my best to realise my dream. → 替换例句：The school will take steps to make the schoolyard cleaner and safer. 用法解析 · step 此处为可数名词，表“措施；步骤”，take steps 后常接动词不定式表“采取措施做某事”。 · 同义短语：take measures to do sth（正式）、do something to do sth（口语）。 例句 · We must take steps to prevent the spread of the bad news. · Her parents took steps to help her improve her English grades. 2. a fear of heights 恐高 教材原句：I have a fear of heights. → 替换例句：My brother has a fear of heights, so he never climbs tall mountains. 用法解析 属于“a fear of + 名词/动名词”结构，表“对……的恐惧/害怕”，of 后接害怕的对象。 拓展：a fear of flying（恐飞）、a fear of speaking in public（害怕当众发言）。 例句 Many children have a fear of thunderstorms on rainy days. He has a fear of swimming, so he never goes to the swimming pool. 3. try one's best 尽某人最大努力 教材原句：I can take steps to overcome my fear and try my best to realise my dream. → 替换例句：We should try our best to study all subjects well at school. 用法解析 固定短语，one's 需根据主语替换为形容词性物主代词（my/your/his/her/our/their）或名词所有格。 后常接动词不定式，即 try one's best to do sth，同义短语 do one's best to do sth。 例句 She tried her best to finish the work on time yesterday. They will try their best to win the basketball match this afternoon. 4. deal with 处理；应对 例句：We should learn how to deal with the problems in our study. 用法解析 动介短语，后接名词、代词作宾语，代词作宾语时需放在 deal with 后，可表“处理问题、应对困难、与某人打交道”。 同义短语：do with，但 do with 常与 what 连用，deal with 常与 how 连用。 例句 The teacher told us how to deal with the stress of exams. He is good at dealing with different kinds of people. 三、重点句式讲解 1. “It's + adj. + to do sth.” 句型 教材原句：After a long summer break, it was so nice to see my classmates again! → 替换例句：It's important to learn English well for our future. 句式结构 句中 it 为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语 to do sth，用于避免句子头重脚轻，be动词时态可根据语境变化。 用法拓展 ① It's + adj. + for sb to do sth：形容词描述事物特征（important/difficult/necessary/helpful），表“对某人来说做某事是……的”。 ② It's + adj. + of sb to do sth：形容词描述人的品质（kind/nice/polite/rude/foolish），表“某人做某事是……的”。 例句 It's necessary for us to exercise for an hour every day. It's kind of you to help me carry the heavy schoolbag. 2. “It's time for sth / It's time to do sth” 结构 教材原句：Well, it's time for bed now. → 替换例句：It's time for class, so let's go into the classroom quickly. 句式结构 两个结构同义，均表“该做某事了；做某事的时间到了”，for 后接名词/代词，to 后接动词原形；口语中可省略 it's，直接说 Time for sth/Time to do sth。 用法拓展 可延伸为 It's time for sb to do sth，表“该轮到某人做某事了”。 例句 It's time for lunch. = It's time to have lunch. It's time for you to clean the blackboard today. Time to go home. = It's time to go home. 3. “主语 + try one's best to do sth” 句型 教材原句：I can take steps to overcome my fear and try my best to realise my dream. → 替换例句：She tries her best to improve her spoken English every day. 句式结构 表“某人尽最大努力做某事”，try one's best 为核心短语，后接动词不定式作目的状语，可根据时态变换 try 的形式。 用法拓展 同义句型：主语 + do one's best to do sth，用法与原句型完全一致。 例句 He tried his best to run fast in the sports meeting last week. We will do our best to help the people in need. 四、语法讲解：简单句的五种基本句型 教材原句 ① We can learn together. ② Or maybe I'll be an engineer and make planes. ③ Patrick felt awful. ④ She bought many postcards for us. ⑤ We call her Ms Li. 1. 简单句的概念 简单句是指只包含一个主谓结构（一个主语/并列主语 + 一个谓语/并列谓语），且句子各成分均由单词/短语构成的句子，无从句。 2. 五种基本句型详解 句型分类 结构公式 核心说明 替换例句 主语+谓语（S+Vi） 主语 + 不及物动词 谓语为不及物动词，后不接宾语，可接副词/介词短语作状语 He runs fast.They arrive at school early every day. 主语+谓语+宾语（S+Vt+O） 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 谓语为及物动词，后必须接宾语，宾语可指人/物 We speak Chinese.She has read many storybooks. 主语+系动词+表语（S+LinkV+P） 主语 + 系动词 + 表语 系动词后接表语（形/名/介短等），表主语身份/特征/状态；常见系动词：be动词、感官动词（look/feel/taste）、变化动词（get/become/turn） They look happy.The cake tastes delicious.He becomes a doctor. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语（S+Vt+IO+DO） 主语 + 及物动词 + 间宾 + 直宾 间宾表人，直宾表物；可转换为：主语+Vt+直宾+介词(to/for)+间宾；常见动词：give/buy/send/lend I bought her a gift. = I bought a gift for her.He sent me a letter. = He sent a letter to me. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（S+Vt+O+OC） 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾补 宾补补充说明宾语的状态/动作，无宾补则句意不完整；常见宾补：形容词/名词/不定式/现在分词 We found the story interesting.I want him to finish the work.They call the boy Tom. 3. 关键注意点 ① 不及物动词后不能直接接宾语，若需接宾语，需加相应介词（如 arrive in/at、look at、listen to）； ② 双宾语结构中，to 表“方向”（give/send/lend），for 表“为了”（buy/make/cook）； ③ 宾语补足语与宾语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，如 the story is interesting、him to finish the work。 4. 句型判断练习 The sun rises in the east. → S+Vi She sings English songs well. → S+Vt+O The flowers are beautiful. → S+LinkV+P My mother made me a cake. → S+Vt+IO+DO We keep the classroom clean. → S+Vt+O+OC ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $