Unit 4 History and Traditions 语法Grammar 过去分词做定语和宾语补足语-2025-2026学年高一英语人教版必修第二册

Unit 4 History and Traditions 过去分词做定语和宾语补足语 一、单句语法填空 高考真题练习 1.（2025年全国二卷）If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt ____65____ (leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders. 答案：left。 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你从未体验过在阳光下晾晒了一整天的床单或衬衫散发的“阳光的味道”，那么你就错过了生活中的一大奇观。本句已有谓语have experienced，此处应用非谓语动词，a sheet or shirt和leave“使处于某种状态”之间是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填left。 2.【2024年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___60___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 【60题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和动词“inspire”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填inspired。 习题综合练习 1．The old castle, (surround) by ancient walls, has stood for over a thousand years.   【答案】surrounded 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这座被古老城墙环绕的古堡已经屹立了一千多年。“(surround) by ancient walls”在句中作后置定语，surround(围绕，环绕)用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语The old castle之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填surrounded。 2．The document (attach) to the email contains important instructions. 【答案】attached 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：附在电子邮件上的文件包含重要的指示。句中contains为谓语动词，attach在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语document构成被动关系，应用过去分词作定语。故填attached。 3．Don’t drink (pollute) water, because it carries the disease. 【答案】polluted 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：不要喝被污染的水，因为它携带疾病。空处需用非谓语动词作定语修饰名词water，结合句意可知，空处动词pollute与名词water之间是被动关系，所以空处需用过去分词polluted作定语。故填polluted。 4．In the museum I saw a lot of paintings (paint) by some famous painters. 【答案】painted 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在博物馆里，我看到了许多著名画家画的画。句中已有谓语动词saw，空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词paintings，paintings和paint为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填painted。 5．Who is the girl (absorb) in reading a book under the tree? 【答案】absorbed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在树下全神贯注读书的女孩是谁？be absorbed in 为固定短语，意为 “全神贯注于”，此处用过去分词短语absorbed in reading a book under the tree作后置定语，修饰名词the girl。故填absorbed。 6．The old bridge (destroy) in the flood was once very important for the two villages. 【答案】destroyed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：那座在洪水中被毁坏的旧桥曾经对这两个村庄来说非常重要。此处destroy与bridge构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填destroyed。 7．At the foot of the hill was an ancient temple (surround) by tall trees. 【答案】surrounded 【详解】考查非谓语动词。 句意：山脚下有一座被高大树木环绕的古庙。句子已有谓语动词was，空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词temple，surround与temple之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词形式surrounded。故填surrounded。 8．Of the 390,000 plant species (know) to us, more than 40,000 can be found in the Amazon. 【答案】known 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：在我们已知的39万种植物物种中，有超过4万种可以在亚马逊地区被找到。分析句子可知，这里考查非谓语，plant species与know为被动关系，再由句意可知，此空应用过去分词作后置定语。故填known。 9．The disabled woman ( load ) with a bag was walking in the street then. 【答案】loaded 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：那个背着包的残疾妇女当时正在街上走。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰The disabled woman，The disabled woman和load为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式。故填loaded。 10．That means vehicles (fit) with the sensors do not get stuck in the mud. 【答案】fitted 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：这意味着装有传感器的车辆不会陷入泥中。空处是非谓语动词做后置定语，和修饰的名词vehicles之间是被动关系，应用过去分词。故填fitted。 11．In addition, I can speak English so fluently that I can make myself (understand). 【答案】understood 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：此外，我的英语说得非常流利，以至于我能让别人理解我的意思。分析句子可知，此处考查“make+宾语+宾补”结构。动词understand与宾语myself之间存在被动关系，应用过去分词作宾补。故填understood。 12．With his eyes (fix) on the family album, he thought of the fun he had when he lived with his parents. 【答案】fixed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他的目光盯着家庭相册，回想起了和父母一起生活时的快乐时光。此处为“with+宾语+宾补”结构，动词fix与其逻辑主语eyes之间是被动关系，因此用过去分词fixed作宾补。故填fixed。 13．When I worked on the farmland in the daytime, I always kept the sheep (tie) to a tree on the riverbank. 【答案】tied 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当我在白天在农田里干活时，我总是把羊拴在河岸的一棵树上。本句谓语为kept，此处为非谓语动词，且tie“拴”与逻辑主语the sheep之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词，作宾语补足语。故填tied。 14．Experts have found few people (infect) with the virus owing to the effective prevention. 【答案】infected 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于有效的预防措施，专家们发现很少有人感染这种病毒。此处为“find + 宾语 + 宾补”结构，宾语few people与动词infect“感染”之间为被动关系，故应用过去分词作宾补。故填infected。 15．Turning around, I saw a white-haired man (seat) on the chair, who was quietly reading a newspaper with a cup of tea beside him. 【答案】seated 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：转过身来，我看到一位白发老人坐在椅子上，旁边放着一杯茶，正在安静地看报纸。句中已有谓语动词saw，此处应用非谓语动词作宾语补足语，动词seat表示“使就座”，为及物动词，常用于被动结构be seated表示“就座”的状态。此处宾语a white-haired man与seat之间为被动关系，应用过去分词seated作宾补，强调坐着的状态。故填seated。 16．I was very upset to find my application (reject) by the company that I am fond of. 【答案】rejected 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我很沮丧地发现我的申请被我喜欢的公司拒绝了。分析句子可知，“find + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”是一个常见结构。my application与reject为被动关系，用过去分词做宾语补足语。故填rejected。 17．The murderer was brought in with his hands (tie) behind his back. 【答案】tied 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：凶手被带进来时双手被反绑在背后。此处是with的复合结构，tie与hands构成被动关系，用过去分词作宾补。故填tied。 18．With much attention (focus) on his study, he made rapid progress. 【答案】focused 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：因为把大量精力集中在学习上，他进步很快。空格处是with复合结构中的宾语补足语，动词短语focus与宾语attention之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词focused作补足语。故填focused。 19．Every year, Tom remembers to have some flowers (send) to his mother on her birthday. 【答案】sent 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：每年，汤姆都会记得在他母亲生日那天送一些花给她。此处为“have+宾语+宾补”结构，some flowers与send之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式作宾补。故填sent。 20．I found my wallet (steal) when I got to the cinema. 【答案】stolen 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当我到达电影院时，我发现我的钱包被偷了。此处为：find+宾语+宾语补足语，wallet与动词steal之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作宾补，故填stolen。 二、完成句子 21．不过这还远远比不上车厢里面。 This, however, is nothing . 【答案】compared to the train 【详解】考查固定短语和非谓语动词。根据句意“远远比不上车厢里面”可知，句中涉及固定短语“nothing compared to…”，意为“远远比不上……”，“compared”为“compare”的过去分词，在句中作后置定语，“the train”表示“车厢里面”，故空格处应用“compared to the train”。故填compared to the train。 22．所有与这起案件有关的人都必须到场。 All the people this case must be present. 【答案】involved in/with 【详解】考查过去分词。“和……有关”为be involved in/with, 本句为过去分词作定语。故填involved in/with。 23．刚才被警察询问的证人对打架作出了不同的描述。 The witnesses gave very different descriptions of the fight. 【答案】questioned by the police just now 【详解】考查非谓语动词。“询问”用动词question表示；“被”用介词by表示；“警察”翻译为the police；“刚才”翻译为just now。空格处用非谓语动词作定语，修饰空格前的名词witness，动词question与名词witness之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词questioned作定语。故填questioned by the police just now。 24．对网络上瘾的青少年更容易患上精神疾病。 Teenagers to the Internet are more likely to mental illnesses. 【答案】 addicted suffer from 【详解】考查非谓语动词和动词短语。“对……上瘾”使用固定短语be addicted to，此处使用过去分词作后置定语；“患上（疾病）”使用动词短语suffer from，be likely to do sth“可能做某事”，故第二空用动词原形。故填①addicted ②suffer ③from。 25．第二天，穿着新衣服的人们将去拜访朋友，送去美好祝愿。 Next day, people will go to visit friends, wishing them good luck. 【答案】dressed in new clothes 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：第二天，穿着新衣服的人们将去拜访朋友，送去美好祝愿。分析句子结构可知，该句已有谓语will go，空处需使用非谓语，此处是固定短语be dressed in，意为“穿着”，“新衣服”可使用名词短语new clothes，因此空处需使用过去分词在句中作定语修饰people。故填dressed in new clothes。 26．发言人提高了嗓音以便让别人听到他说的话。 The speaker raised his voice in order to ． 【答案】make himself heard 【详解】考查非谓语动词。根据汉语提示可知，空处需要补全“让别人听到他说的话”这一部分。其中，“让别人听到”可以用“make oneself heard”来表达，且此处需要用不定式“to make himself heard”来表示目的，即“以便让别人听到他说的话”。其中，“himself”指代“the speaker”，表示“他自己”；“heard”是hear的过去分词形式，与himself构成被动关系，表示“被听到”。故填make himself heard。 27．到达车站时，我发现我的钱包被偷了。 (find+宾语+宾补) I when I got to the station. 【答案】found my wallet stolen 【详解】考查动词和名词。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“我发现我的钱包被偷了”应用I found my wallet stolen，这里时态应与后文保持一致用一般过去时，my wallet是宾语，stolen是过去分词作宾补，用来补充说明宾语my wallet的状态，表示“被偷了”。故填found my wallet stolen。 28．他在风筝上系了一根细绳，把风筝放上天。 He raised the kite . 【答案】with a piece of string tied to it 【详解】考查with复合结构。根据句意，此处表示“在风筝上系了一根细绳”可以使用“with+宾语+宾补”结构，表示“一根绳子”为a piece of string作宾语，表示“系在……上”为tie…to…，与宾语a piece of string为被动关系，所以tie使用过去分词形式tied，“风筝”为kite在上文中已经出现，所以此处使用it作介词to的宾语，所以“系在风筝上”为tied to it。故填with a piece of string tied to it。 29．我想让人把房间装饰上漂亮的花儿。 I’d like to have the room . 【答案】decorated with beautiful flowers 【详解】考查非谓语动词。对比中英文可知，空处表示“装饰上漂亮的花儿”，可用动词短语decorate sth. with sth.表示“用……装饰……”，decorate和宾语the room逻辑上是被动关系，因此用decorate的过去分词形式，作宾语补足语，“漂亮的”可用形容词beautiful，“花儿”可用名词flowers。故填decorated with beautiful flowers。 30．问题解决了，我们进展得很顺利。 With , we ticked all the right boxes. 【答案】the problem solved 【详解】考查名词、动词和非谓语动词。对比中英文可知，空处表示“问题解决”，“问题”可用名词the problem，“解决”可用动词solve，且此处用了with的复合结构，solve和the problem逻辑上是被动关系，solve的行为已经发生，因此用solve过去分词形式，作宾语补足语。故填the problem solved。 答案第1页，共2页 答案第1页，共2页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 History and Traditions 过去分词做定语和宾语补足语 一、单句语法填空 高考真题练习 1.（2025年全国二卷）If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt ____65____ (leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders. 答案：left。 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你从未体验过在阳光下晾晒了一整天的床单或衬衫散发的“阳光的味道”，那么你就错过了生活中的一大奇观。本句已有谓语have experienced，此处应用非谓语动词，a sheet or shirt和leave“使处于某种状态”之间是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填left。 2.【2024年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, ___60___ (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 【60题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和动词“inspire”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填inspired。 习题综合练习 1．The old castle, (surround) by ancient walls, has stood for over a thousand years.   2．The document (attach) to the email contains important instructions. 3．Don’t drink (pollute) water, because it carries the disease. 4．In the museum I saw a lot of paintings (paint) by some famous painters. 5．Who is the girl (absorb) in reading a book under the tree? 6．The old bridge (destroy) in the flood was once very important for the two villages. 7．At the foot of the hill was an ancient temple (surround) by tall trees. 8．Of the 390,000 plant species (know) to us, more than 40,000 can be found in the Amazon. 9．The disabled woman ( load ) with a bag was walking in the street then. 10．That means vehicles (fit) with the sensors do not get stuck in the mud. 11．In addition, I can speak English so fluently that I can make myself (understand). 12．With his eyes (fix) on the family album, he thought of the fun he had when he lived with his parents. 13．When I worked on the farmland in the daytime, I always kept the sheep (tie) to a tree on the riverbank. 14．Experts have found few people (infect) with the virus owing to the effective prevention. 15．Turning around, I saw a white-haired man (seat) on the chair, who was quietly reading a newspaper with a cup of tea beside him. 16．I was very upset to find my application (reject) by the company that I am fond of. 17．The murderer was brought in with his hands (tie) behind his back. 18．With much attention (focus) on his study, he made rapid progress. 19．Every year, Tom remembers to have some flowers (send) to his mother on her birthday. 20．I found my wallet (steal) when I got to the cinema. 二、完成句子 21．不过这还远远比不上车厢里面。 This, however, is nothing . 22．所有与这起案件有关的人都必须到场。 All the people this case must be present. 23．刚才被警察询问的证人对打架作出了不同的描述。 The witnesses gave very different descriptions of the fight. 24．对网络上瘾的青少年更容易患上精神疾病。 Teenagers to the Internet are more likely to mental illnesses. 25．第二天，穿着新衣服的人们将去拜访朋友，送去美好祝愿。 Next day, people will go to visit friends, wishing them good luck. 26．发言人提高了嗓音以便让别人听到他说的话。 The speaker raised his voice in order to ． 27．到达车站时，我发现我的钱包被偷了。 (find+宾语+宾补) I when I got to the station. 28．他在风筝上系了一根细绳，把风筝放上天。 He raised the kite . 29．我想让人把房间装饰上漂亮的花儿。 I’d like to have the room . 30．问题解决了，我们进展得很顺利。 With , we ticked all the right boxes. 答案第1页，共2页 答案第1页，共2页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $