2026年浙江省中考英语二轮复习语法专项突破课件:名词
2026-01-22
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摘要:
该初中英语中考复习课件系统梳理了名词的分类、数、所有格三大核心考点,严格对接2026年浙江中考考纲要求。课件分析了完形填空侧重词义辨析、词汇运用及语法填空侧重单复数和词形转化的考查权重,归纳了常考题型,体现中考备考的针对性和实用性。
课件亮点在于“真题典例+技巧归纳”的备考模式,如通过“Hangzhou is home...”典例剖析名词词义辨析,结合2023宁波、2025江苏扬州等地真题训练,培养学生语言能力和思维品质。针对不可数名词“数词+量词+of”结构、所有格“共同拥有格在最后”等考点,总结突破方法,帮助学生掌握答题技巧。教师可依此制定复习计划,助力学生中考冲刺提分。
内容正文:
名词
1
语法聚焦
2
【教材链接】
七年级上册Unit 2、Unit 6、Unit 8及语法附属页P85-86;八年级上册Unit 8。
【2026年浙江中考考向预测】
浙江中考对名词的考查侧重于名词的辨析、单复数以及词形转化。预测2026年浙江中考仍然延续以往风格:完形填空侧重名词的辨析,词汇运用侧重名词的拼写、单复数以及词形转化,语法填空侧重名词的单复数以及词形转化。
语法聚焦
1.普通名词&专有名词、可数名词&不可数名词
名词可以分为普通名词和专有名词;按所表示的事物的性质,普通名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。
考点透视
4
普通名词 可数名词 个体名词 如:desk,worker,apple
集体名词 如:family,team,class
不可数名词 物质名词 如:air,rice,water
抽象名词 如:love,happiness,friendship
考点透视
专有名词 不可数名词 表示人名、尊称或头衔的名词 如:Li Hua,Lady Jane Grey,Doctor Liu
表示团体、机构的名词 如:United Nations,World Health Organization
表示星期、月份和节日的名词 如:Sunday,January,the Spring Festival
表示国名、地名和山河名的名词 如:China,Zhejiang,the Yellow River
考点透视
【注意】
1.专有名词的第一个字母通常大写。如:Mike (迈克),Tokyo (东京),Chinese (中国人)。
2.有的普通名词与专有名词词形相同,只是用作普通名词时首字母用小写,而用作专有名词时首字母用大写。
如:He saw the best china in China. 他在中国见到了最好的瓷器。
考点透视
2.简单名词&复合名词
按照构词法,名词可以分为简单名词和复合名词。
简单名词 由单个名词构成 如:student,idea,parent,cat,pen
复合名词 由一个名词加一个或多个名词或其他词类构成 如:grandfather,newspaper,playground,storybook,dinner table
考点透视
Hangzhou is ___________________(home/house/family/room) to hundreds of foreign friends who are studying or working here.
【解析】本题考查名词词义辨析。home指“家”,带有感情色彩;house强调“房屋;住宅”;family强调“家庭;亲属”;room指“房间”。由句意“杭州是在这里学习或工作的众多外国友人的家。”可知,此处应填入home。
考点透视
【归纳总结】做这类考查名词词义辨析的题目时,先要弄清各词义之间的用法差异,再根据语境进行选择;另外,清楚题意后,还要明确可数名词与不可数名词的用法,再比较得出答案。
考点透视
1.There is a delicious ____________ (气味) coming from the kitchen. Is Mom cooking fish?
2.“Take a journey to Yangzhou in the misty flowery ____________ (三月)” is a popular saying.[2025·江苏扬州]
3.As you grow up,you’ll find that many of your problems are just a ____________ (块) of cake.[2025·江苏苏州改编]
smell
March
piece
考点透视
4.If Mike works hard,his ____________ (梦想) of being a scientist will come true.[2023·宁波]
5.All of us have a body ____________ (钟),which controls our sleeping and waking time. [2025·四川乐山]
dream
clock
考点透视
6.
(1)The key to ____________ is to see all the beauty of the world. [2025·黑龙江龙东地区改编]
(2)The government has started a three-year action plan to help people control their ____________ to fight against obesity (肥胖).[2025·山东泰安改编]
(3)I couldn’t get enough ____________ because I worried about the math test result.
sleep weigh happy
happiness
weight
sleep
考点透视
1.可数名词的单、复数
规则
变化 一般在名词的结尾加-s 如:book→books; map→maps; pig→pigs; tree→trees
以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词加-es 如:bus→buses; box→boxes; watch→watches; brush→brushes
特殊情况:-ch发音为/k/的名词加-s,如:stomach→stomachs
考点透视
规则
变化 以y结尾的名词 y前是元音字母的,加-s 如:boy→boys; day→days; way→ways; key→keys; journey→journeys; monkey→monkeys
y前是辅音字母的,把y变为i,再加-es 如:baby→babies; candy→candies; company→companies;
enemy→enemies; story→stories; twenty→twenties
考点透视
规则
变化 以o结尾的名词 无生命的,加-s 如:photo→photos; radio→radios
有生命的,多数情况下加-es 巧记:英雄(hero)吃土豆(potato)和西红柿(tomato)。
以f,fe结尾的名词 有的加-s 如:belief→beliefs; roof→roofs
多数情况下把f/fe变为v,再
加-es 巧记:树叶(leaf)半数(half)自己(self)黄,妻子(wife)拿刀(knife)去割粮。架(shelf)后蹿出一只狼(wolf),就像小偷(thief)玩命(life)逃。
考点透视
不规则
变化 变a为e型 如:man→men; woman→women; Englishman→Englishmen;
Frenchman→Frenchmen
特殊情况:human→humans; German→Germans
变oo为ee型 如:foot→feet; tooth→teeth
单复数同形 如:Chinese中国人; Japanese日本人; deer鹿; sheep羊; fish鱼(表示鱼的条数)
其他形式 如:child→children; mouse→mice
考点透视
【注意】
有些名词表面为复数形式,其实为单数名词 如:news新闻; physics物理; the United States美国
有些名词,往往以复数形式出现 如:chopsticks 筷子; clothes衣服; glasses眼镜; jeans牛仔裤;
pants裤子; scissors剪刀; socks短袜; trousers长裤
考点透视
有些名词表达复数概念,往往作为一个整体看待。如果要表达单个数量,只能换用其他名词 如:police→a policeman/policewoman;
people→a person/man/woman
(注意:people表示“民族;种族”时,复数形式是peoples)
复合名词的单复数形式,通常体现在最后一个名词上 如:a pencil box→pencil boxes; a girl student→girl students
考点透视
由man/woman构成的复合名词,复数形式要变为men/women+复数名词 如:a man doctor→men doctors;
a woman teacher→women teachers
表示“某国人”的名词,单复数变化不同 口诀:中日不变英法变,其余s加后面
考点透视
2.不可数名词
常见的不可数名词 物质名词 如:milk,paper,wood
抽象名词 如:value,pleasure,beauty
专有名词 如:Beijing,Sunday,Tom
考点透视
不可数名词的数量表达 一般没有复数形式,不能用不定冠词a/an或数词修饰
可用数量形容词修饰,常见的数量形容词有:some,much,a lot of/lots of,plenty of,a little,little 如:some orange juice,a little French,a lot of snow
可用“数词+计量名词+of+不可数名词”表示 如:a piece of bread,two bottles of water
考点透视
1.Thanks to his hard __________________,Lu Xun produced lots of famous __________________in his life. (works/work)
【解析】句意:多亏了鲁迅的努力工作,他一生创作了许多著名的作品。根据句意可知,第一个空指“工作”,为不可数名词;第二个空指“作品”,为可数名词。故分别填入work和works。
【归纳总结】英语中还有很多类似于work这样用法的词,它们既是可数名词也是不可数名词,而且表达的意思不同,如:paper[U](纸张),[C](试卷/论文);glass[U](玻璃),[C](玻璃杯/眼镜);room[U](空间),[C](房间)等。
考点透视
2.—Could I help you?
—Yes. I’d like to have 100 ____________________(pieces of papers/pieces of paper). I want my students to draw pictures.
【解析】 paper意为“纸张”时,是不可数名词,后面不能加-s;若表示数量,需借助短语a piece of,复数形式体现在piece上。由空格前的“100”可知,此处应用pieces of paper来表示。故填入pieces of paper。
【归纳总结】不可数名词的数量表达需要借助量词来完成,应用“数词+计量名词+of+不可数名词”。
考点透视
1.I prefer to visit the local farmers’ market to see live chickens and ducks,fresh ____________ (vegetable) and bright fruits. [2025·江苏扬州改编]
2.Its goal is to free us from endless rush that stops us from enjoying ____________ (moment) of rest. [2025·北京改编]
vegetables
moments
考点透视
3.Different colored foods are friendly to different ___________ (part) of the body. [2025·甘肃兰州改编]
4.The sunlight came through all the ____________ (window),bringing in the hot summer air.[2025·重庆改编]
5.Tea has long been a popular drink in China. Chinese people love different ___________ (kind) of tea. [2025·重庆改编]
parts
windows
kinds
考点透视
6.
(1)In my small city,we join in many fun ____________. I love to go hiking with my family or friends,take bike rides,and walk through our nature park. [2025·甘肃白银、天水、
武威]
(2)After three ____________ of learning,he created the so-called shuti of landscape painting.[2025·河南]
year activity camera photo restaurant
activities
years
考点透视
(3)When people talk about eating food,they think of two places: their homes or ____________. [2025·浙江]
(4)Scientists took many ____________ of areas in space and piled them on top of each other to make the moons appear bright enough to discover. [2025·江苏连云港改编]
(5)Recently,a middle school in Chongqing has used four ____________ on the playground to follow students and record how fast they run. [2025·湖北]
restaurants
photos
cameras
考点透视
’s所有格 构成 一般在名词的结尾加-’s 如:Du Fu’s poem杜甫的诗
以s结尾的复数名词,加-’ 如:my parents’ car 我父母的车
不以s结尾的复数名词,加-’s 如:the children’s balls 孩子们的球
复合名词加-’s 如:the woman teacher’s book女老师的书
考点透视
’s所有格 用法 用于人或动物等有生命的名词后 如:an elephant’s ear 大象的耳朵
用于表示时间、距离、度量衡、价值等名词后 如:two months’ time 两个月时间
用于国家、城镇等名词后 如:China’s capital 中国的首都
用于表示诊所、店铺、住宅、公共建筑等名词后(’s后的名词常省略) 如:at the doctor’s在诊所
考点透视
’s所有格 用法 用于构成不同的节日 如:Father’s Day父亲节
表示两人或多人共同拥有时,只在最后一个名词后加-’s;表示各自拥有时,各名词后都加-’s 如:Mary and Kate’s room 玛丽和凯特的房间(共有); Mary’s and Kate’s rooms 玛丽和凯特的房间(不共有)
考点透视
of所有格 用法 表示无生命名词的所有关系 如:the center of the city 市中心
of后跟有后置定语的名词 如:the name of the boy with glasses 戴眼镜的男孩的名字
双重所有格 用法 of+’s所有格 如:a friend of my sister’s 我姐姐的一个朋友
of+名词性物主代词 如:a dictionary of mine 我的一本词典
考点透视
1.June 1st is __________________(children) Day.
【解析】句意:六月一日是儿童节。表示“一类人的”应用名词复数的所有格形式。children是child的复数,变所有格时在后面加“’s”,且儿童节是专有名词,首字母应大写。故填入Children’s。
【归纳总结】名词所有格:以s结尾的复数名词,在s后加“’”;不以s结尾的复数名词,在词尾加“’s”。
考点透视
2.—Who are the men over there?
—They are ________________(Mike and Jack’s/Mike’s and Jack’s) fathers. They are both teaching English in our school.
【解析】根据题干可知,此处指的是迈克和杰克各自的爸爸。若某人或某物为两人或两人以上共有,则只在最后一个名词词尾加“’s”;若非共有,则要在每个名词的词尾加“’s”。此处表示分别所有,应在每个名词的后面加“’s”。故填入Mike’s and Jack’s。
【归纳总结】共同拥有,“格”在最后;各自拥有,各有所“格”。
考点透视
1.Three years ago,I paid a visit to my ____________ (uncle) home in Sydney.
2.In the kitchen of the athletes’ village,there is a special system that can recognize ____________ (people) faces.
3.It shows us how important it is to learn about and respect each _________ (other) traditions,and that different cultures can work together to create amazing things. [2025·湖北改编]
uncle’s
people’s
other’s
考点透视
4.Once upon a time,there was a man. He saw a doorbell hanging on the ____________ (neighbor) door and wanted to steal it. [2025·丽水庆元县模拟改编]
5.A Chinese team has developed a small robot that can work for humans in the ____________ (world) deepest sea trench (海沟). [2025·四川成都改编]
neighbor’s
world’s
考点透视
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