第11讲 Unit 6 Living with Nature 寒假预习讲义-2025-2026学年外研版八年级英语下册

第11讲 Unit6 Living with Nature Part 1: 单词预习 英文 词性 中文 英文 词性 中文 sweetly adv 悦耳动听地；好好地 wisdom n 智慧，学问 villager n 村民 below prep 在…… 的下面 wheat n 小麦 arrival n 到来 childhood n 童年，儿童时代 calendar n 历法 countryside n 乡下，农村 webpage n 网页 province n 省 energetic adj 精力充沛的；充满活力的 especially adv 尤其 safely adv 安全地、无危害地 Part 2:课文详解 Understanding ideas 1 It was early one morning of Grain in Ear. Lively birds sang sweetly in the trees. Villagers hurried to the fields. Under the blue sky, golden fields shone like the sun. The wind blew, sending sweet smells into the air. Adults were busy cutting the wheat. Children raced behind to pick up the ears. 2 This is one of the best memories of my childhood. I grew up in the countryside of Shandong Province. Most of the villagers there lived by farming. The 24 Solar Terms meant so much to them.The changes of the terms guided both their farming activities and daily lives. The terms helped them understand why things happened at certain times, and how they should react. When I grew up and left my hometown, the 24 Solar Terms followed me.I always feel excited when a new term is set to begin. I longed to share these feelings in my paintings and poems. 3 I didn't know how popular the paintings would become. I'm so happy that many people, especially the young, are taking a new interest in the ancient wisdom. In the hundreds of comments below my posts, others shared similar memories and feelings. Now people may be moving away from farming. However, the ancient way of dividing time stays close to our hearts. 4 The 24 Solar Terms are known as the “Fifth Great Invention of China". They help people understand why nature works this way.Many of the 24 Solar Terms bear social and cultural meanings,too. People celebrate their arrival with traditional activities. For example, many people still eat spring pancakes at Start of Spring and dumplings at Start of Winter. The ancient calendar has never disappeared from the life of the Chinese. 1. sing sweetly · 含义：__________ · 搭配：副词 sweetly 修饰动词 sing，可置于动词后；常见拓展搭配：sing sweetly to sb（__________）、sing sweetly in the garden（在花园里甜美地歌唱） · 拓展：核心词：sing（v. 唱歌）、sweetly（adv. 甜美地；悦耳地）；形容词形式：sweet（甜的；悦耳的）；相关短语：sing a song（唱一首歌） · 例句：The little girl likes to sing sweetly under the old tree every morning. 2. hurry to · 含义：__________（某地或做某事） · 搭配：hurry to + 地点名词（匆忙赶往某地）；hurry to do sth（__________）；常见同义替换：rush to · 拓展：核心词：hurry（v. 匆忙；急忙 n. 匆忙）；相关短语：in a hurry（__________）、hurry up（__________） · 例句：We have to hurry to the station, or we will miss the last train. 3. be busy doing · 含义：__________ · 搭配：be busy + 动名词（doing）；常见同义结构：be busy with + 名词 · 拓展：核心词：busy（adj. 忙碌的；繁忙的）；副词形式：busily；相关短语：a busy day（忙碌的一天） · 例句：My mother is always busy cooking delicious food for us when we get home. 4. pick up the ears · 含义：__________ · 搭配：pick up the ears + to do sth（竖起耳朵去听某事）；常见主语多为人或动物 · 拓展：核心词：pick up（__________；（不经意间）学会；竖起）；相关短语：pick up a book（__________）、pick up English（__________） · 例句：When they heard the sound of music, all the children picked up their ears. 5. the best memories of my childhood · 含义：__________ · 搭配：the memories of + 名词 / 代词（…… 的回忆）；可添加形容词修饰 memories，如 sweet/wonderful memories of · 拓展：核心词：memory（n. 回忆；记忆，复数形式：memories）；动词形式：memorize（记住；熟记）；相关短语：childhood memories（__________） · 例句：The old toys are the best memories of my childhood. 6. mean so much to · 含义：__________ · 搭配：mean + 名词 / 代词 + to sb（对某人来说意味着……）；可替换程度词：mean a lot to、mean nothing to · 拓展：核心词：mean（v. __________ adj. 吝啬的）；名词形式：meaning（__________）；相关短语：what does it mean?（这是什么意思？） · 例句：This old watch from my grandfather means so much to me. 7. at certain times · 含义：__________ · 搭配：可置于句首或句末，修饰整个句子或动词；常见同义短语：at specific times、on certain occasions · 拓展：核心词：certain（adj. 确定的；特定的）；副词形式：certainly（当然）；相关短语：for certain（__________） · 例句：At certain times, we need to slow down and enjoy the beautiful scenery around us. 8. react · 含义：__________ · 搭配：react to sth（__________）；react with sth（__________）；react by doing sth（__________） · 拓展：核心词：react（v. 反应）；名词形式：reaction（__________）；形容词形式：reactive（__________） · 例句：People usually react differently to the same piece of news. 9. be set to · 含义：__________ · 搭配：be set to do sth（__________）；常见同义结构：be ready to do sth、be about to do sth · 拓展：核心词：set（v. __________；设置 adj. 固定的；准备好的）；相关短语：set up（__________）、set off（__________） · 例句：The new movie is set to be released next month. 10. long to · 含义：__________（做某事） · 搭配：long to do sth（__________）；同义短语：long for sth（__________） · 拓展：核心词：long（v. 渴望 adj. 长的；长时间的 adv. 长久地）；名词形式：longing（渴望；盼望） · 例句：The little boy longs to travel around the world with his parents. 11. take a new interest in the ancient wisdom · 含义：__________ · 搭配：take an interest in sth（__________）；可添加形容词修饰 interest，如 great/keen interest in · 拓展：核心词：interest（n. 兴趣；爱好 v. 使感兴趣）；形容词形式：interesting（有趣的）、interested（感兴趣的）；相关短语：lose interest in（__________） · 例句：More and more young people take a new interest in the ancient wisdom of our country. 12. move away · 含义：__________ · 搭配：move away from + 地点（从某地搬走）；单独使用：move away（__________） · 拓展：核心词：move（v. 移动；搬家；搬迁）；相关短语：move into（______）、move out（搬出） · 例句：My uncle decided to move away from the noisy city and live in the countryside. 13. stay close to · 含义：__________；待在…… 附近 · 搭配：stay close to + 人 / 地点（靠近某人 / 某地）；同义短语：keep close to · 拓展：核心词：stay（v. 停留；保持；待）、close（adj. 近的；亲密的 adv. 紧密地）；相关短语：stay in touch（__________） · 例句：Children should stay close to their parents in the crowded supermarket. 14. be known as · 含义：__________ · 搭配：be known as + 身份 / 称号（__________）；易混短语：be known for（__________）、be known to（__________） · 拓展：核心词：know（v. 知道；了解）；形容词形式：known（__________）；相关短语：a well-known writer（一位著名作家） · 例句：Lu Xun is known as a great writer and thinker in China. 15. arrival · 含义：__________ · 搭配：the arrival of + 人 / 物（某人 / 某物的到达）；on one’s arrival（__________） · 拓展：核心词：arrival（n. 到达）；动词形式：arrive（到达）；相关短语：arrive at + 小地点（到达某地）、arrive in + 大地点 · 例句：We gave a warm welcome to the arrival of our foreign friends. 16. disappear from · 含义：__________ · 搭配：disappear from + 地点 / 视野（从某地 / 视野中消失）；反义词组：appear in（__________） · 拓展：核心词：disappear（v. 消失；不见）；前缀 dis- 表否定；名词形式：disappearance（消失）；相关短语：disappear without a trace（__________） · 例句：Many rare animals have disappeared from the earth because of human activities. 【即学即用】 一、词汇变形填空题 1. sing（v. 唱歌）→ __________（n. 歌手）/__________（adj. 唱歌的） 1. sweetly（adv. 甜美地；悦耳地）→ __________（adj. 甜的；悦耳的）/__________（n. 甜蜜；悦耳） 1. hurry（v. 匆忙；n. 匆忙）→ __________（adj. 匆忙的）/__________（adv. 匆忙地） 1. busy（adj. 忙碌的）→ __________（adv. 忙碌地）/__________（n. 商业；事务） 1. memory（n. 回忆；记忆）→ __________（v. 记住）/__________（adj. 难忘的） 1. mean（v. 意味着）→ __________（n. 意义；含义）/__________（adj. 有意义的） 1. certain（adj. 确定的；特定的）→ __________（adv. 当然）/__________（n. 确定性） 1. react（v. 反应；回应）→ __________（n. 反应） 1. set（v. 放置；设置）→ __________（n. 环境；设置）/__________（v. 定居；解决） 1. long（v. 渴望；adj. 长的）→ __________（n. 长度） 1. wisdom（n. 智慧；学问）→ __________（adj. 明智的）/__________（adv. 明智地） 1. move（v. 移动；搬家）→ __________（n. 运动；移动） 1. close（adj. 近的；亲密的）→ __________（adv. 密切地） 1. know（v. 知道；了解）→ __________（n. 知识）/__________（adj. 知识渊博的） 1. arrival（n. 到达；到来）→ __________（v. 到达） 1. energetic（adj. 精力充沛的）→ __________（n. 能量；精力） 1. safely（adv. 安全地）→ __________（adj. 安全的）/__________（n. 安全） 二、请根据句意，从括号内选择正确的变形词填入横线（每空 1 词）。 1．My sister is a talented ____________ (singer / singing) — she can sing many English songs beautifully. 2．The little girl has a ____________ (sweet / sweetness) voice that makes everyone feel happy. 3．He ran ____________ (hurried / hurriedly) to catch the bus, but it still left without him. 4．My father runs his own ____________ (busily / business) and works very hard every day. 5．You need to ____________ (memorize / memorable) these new words before the English test tomorrow. 6．We had a ____________ (meaning / meaningful) trip to the countryside last weekend — we learned a lot about farming. 7．— Can you help me carry this box? — ____________ (certainly / certainty)! It’s not heavy at all. 8．Her ____________ (reaction / reactive) to the surprise gift made everyone laugh — she jumped up and down excitedly. 9．The ____________ (setting / settle) of the story is a small village in the mountains, full of warm people. 10．The ____________ (longing / length) of the river is about 500 kilometers, making it one of the longest in the province. 11．All the students are _________ (interesting / interested) in the ancient Chinese stories told by the teacher. 12．We should think ____________ (wise / wisely) before making important decisions in life. 13．The ____________ (movement / movable) of the factory has brought more job opportunities to the town. 14．The scientists are watching the data ____________ (closely / closeness) to find out the cause of the phenomenon. 15．A ________ (knowledge / knowledgeable) person always knows how to use his knowledge to help others. 16．We waited for the ____________ (arrival / arriving) of our friends at the airport for two hours. 17．Please make sure all the children return home ____________ (safely / safety) after the picnic. Part 3: 语法突破 宾语从句（how/why/where/when/what） 一、宾语从句核心讲解（how/why/where/when/what） 1. 定义 宾语从句是在主句中作宾语的从句，常跟在动词（如 know, learn, wonder）、形容词（如 sure, curious）或介词后，由连接词 how/why/where/when/what 引导，表达 “如何 / 为什么 / 哪里 / 何时 / 什么”。 2. 关键规则 1. 语序：陈述语序（核心必守） 从句必须用 “连接词 + 主语 + 谓语” 的陈述结构，不能保留疑问语序（即不能把助动词 / 情态动词提到主语前）。 ❌ She asked what did “Grain in Ear” mean. → ✅ She asked what “Grain in Ear” means. ❌ I don’t know where can we learn about the Solar Terms. → ✅ I don’t know where we can learn about the Solar Terms. 2. 时态一致：主句决定从句时态基调 ① 主句为现在时（一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时等），从句时态根据句意灵活选择（一般现在时、一般将来时、现在完成时等），不受主句限制。 ✅ We all know why the 24 Solar Terms are still useful today.（主句现在时，从句一般现在时表客观事实） ✅ She has wondered when the next Start of Spring will come.（主句现在完成时，从句一般将来时表未来） ② 主句为过去时（一般过去时、过去进行时等），从句需用相应的过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时），保持时态呼应。 ✅ The farmer told us how he planted wheat last year.（主句过去时，从句一般过去时） ✅ They wondered where the ancient calendar had been kept.（主句过去时，从句过去完成时表 “过去的过去”） ③ 特殊情况：从句表达客观真理、自然规律、永恒事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句仍用一般现在时。 ✅ The teacher said why the seasons change with the Solar Terms.（“季节变化” 是客观规律，从句用一般现在时） 3. 连接词：不可省略，各司其职 由 how/why/where/when/what 引导的宾语从句，连接词在从句中充当成分（状语或主语 / 宾语），不能省略，需根据句意精准选择： a. how：作方式状语，表 “如何、怎样” → He explained how the villagers predict the weather through the Solar Terms. b. why：作原因状语，表 “为什么” → I want to know why people eat spring pancakes at Start of Spring. c. where：作地点状语，表 “哪里” → Do you know where the earliest Solar Terms calendar was found? d. when：作时间状语，表 “何时” → She asked when the Harvest Festival would be held. e. what：作主语或宾语，表 “什么” → We discussed what the term “Minor Cold” refers to.（what 作 refer to 的宾语） 4. 否定转移：主语为第一人称时的特殊用法 当主句主语是第一人称（I/we），且主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, guess 等表 “观点、判断” 的词时，否定词通常转移到主句，从句用肯定形式（即 “否定主句，肯定从句”）。 ❌ I don’t think why the Solar Terms are outdated.（错误：否定位置不当） ✅ I don’t think the Solar Terms are outdated.（正确：否定转移到主句） ❌ We don’t believe what he said about the 24 Solar Terms is true. ✅ We don’t believe what he said about the 24 Solar Terms is true.（简化为：We don’t believe his words about the 24 Solar Terms are true.） 5. 介词后接宾语从句 宾语从句可直接跟在介词后作宾语，此时连接词仍需用 how/why/where/when/what，且从句保持陈述语序。 ✅ She is interested in how the Solar Terms guide daily life.（介词 in + 宾语从句） ✅ They talked about what activities people do to celebrate the arrival of Grain Rain.（介词 about + 宾语从句） 二、宾语从句练习题 （一）单项选择（选择正确的连接词或从句语序） 1. The old farmer told us __________ we should plant wheat in spring.（how / why） 1. I wonder __________ the 24 Solar Terms were created.（when / what） 1. Do you know __________ the villagers gather to celebrate the arrival of Start of Winter?（where / how） 1. She asked me __________ the term “Grain Rain” stands for.（what / why） 1. The teacher explained __________ the Solar Terms guide farming activities.（why / when） 1. He didn’t tell me __________ he would go back to his hometown to celebrate the Solar Term.（when / how） 1. Could you tell me __________ the ancient wisdom influences our daily lives?（how / what） 1. I’m not sure __________ the next Solar Term is.（what / where） 1. We are talking about __________ people celebrate Start of Summer in different provinces.（how / why） 1. The student didn’t believe __________ the 24 Solar Terms are called China’s “Fifth Great Invention”.（why / what） （二）句型转换（将下列问句改为宾语从句） 1. When is Start of Autumn?（She wants to know...） → She wants to know ________________________. 1. Why do people eat dumplings at Start of Winter?（He asked...） → He asked ________________________. 1. How do the villagers celebrate Harvest Festival?（We learned...） → We learned ________________________. 1. Where can we find information about the 24 Solar Terms?（They wondered...） → They wondered ________________________. 1. What does “Minor Snow” mean?（The student asked the teacher...） → The student asked the teacher ________________________. 1. Why are the Solar Terms important for farmers?（She didn’t know...） → She didn’t know ________________________. （三）翻译句子（用宾语从句完成） 1. 我想知道 24 节气为什么被称为中国的 “第五大发明”。 → I want to know ________________________. 1. 爷爷告诉我他小时候如何帮助家人收割小麦。 → Grandpa told me ________________________. 1. 你知道下一个节气是什么时候吗？ → Do you know ________________________? 1. 她不确定这个古老的历法在哪里能找到。 → She is not sure ________________________. 1. 老师向我们解释了为什么节气对农民如此重要。 → The teacher explained to us ________________________. 1. 我们在讨论人们如何通过传统活动庆祝节气的到来。 → We are discussing ________________________. Part 4: 当堂检测 一、根据汉语意思填空（注意词形变化） 1. The __________ (村民们) worked hard in fields during Grain in Ear. 2. Birds sang __________ (悦耳动听地) in the morning trees. 3. Cutting __________ (小麦) is a key summer farming activity. 4. People cheer at the __________ (到来) of each Solar Term. 5. The old __________ (历法) records traditional time division. 6. She spent her __________ (童年) in Shandong’s countryside. 7. The 24 Solar Terms carry ancient __________ (智慧). 8. Young people show great __________ (兴趣) in Solar Terms. 9. Many have __________ (搬走) away from farming life. 10. The ancient calendar never __________ (消失) from Chinese life. 二、语法变形填空（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1. The wind sent __________ (sweet) wheat smells. 1. Adults were busy __________ (cut) wheat. 1. The Solar Terms __________ (mean) much to villagers before. 1. She __________ (long) to share her Solar Term feelings. 1. People take a new __________ (interest) in ancient wisdom. 1. Villagers’ __________ (react) shows respect for tradition. 1. He __________ (grow) up in the countryside. 1. People celebrate by __________ (hold) traditional activities. 1. The __________ (energy) children picked up wheat ears. 1. The sun’s __________ (move) links to Solar Terms. 三、完形填空 （25-26八年级上·江苏南京·周测）What does the word ecology mean? It was 1 by Ernst Haeckel, a German biologist. He joined two Greek words: oikos, meaning “house”, and logia, meaning “the study of”. Together they mean “the study of the house”. The “house” Haeckel had in mind is our 2 , Earth. Earth is home for all living things-humans, animals, plants, and even tiny microbes. To study a house is to learn how its residents (居民) use it. An ecologist is a scientist who studies the 3 between organisms (生物) and their environment. The environment is an organism’s surroundings. It may 4 water, gases, rocks, and temperature. Ecologists also study the balance of using the environment while protecting it. An ecologist once asked a boy 5 he thought it meant to protect the environment. The boy said, “You go into the forest and look for somebody who wants to cut down a tree. You take away his axe. You tell him about how 6 trees are. You say they are good for natural beauty, saving soil, and giving shelter to birds and other animals.” “Good answer,” said the ecologist, “ 7 it may not be easy to find a woodcutter to talk to. Also, remember that sometimes it’s 8 to cut down a tree. If we cut down too many trees, the forest will disappear. If we don’t cut down any trees, we won’t get any resources from the forest. We have to find the right 9 .” “I get it,” the boy said. “We need the forest’s 10 for wood and paper or we might not have desks or notebooks for school.” “Exactly—and school is a good place to learn about ecology,” added the ecologist. “Then you will know how to protect the natural environment.” 1．A．predicted B．invented C．marked D．accepted 2．A．planet B．building C．project D．surface 3．A．feeling B．relationships C．distance D．competitions 4．A．pollute B．increase C．include D．reduce 5．A．who B．whose C．why D．what 6．A．wild B．common C．countless D．important 7．A．but B．and C．so D．or 8．A．comfortable B．tiring C．impossible D．necessary 9．A．effect B．temperature C．balance D．symbol 10．A．soil B．resources C．landscape D．wildlife 四、语法填空 （25-26八年级上·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·期中）阅读下面短文，在各题空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In a lively forest, every creature plays 1 special role in the ecosystem. The giant redwood trees, which are among the 2 (tall) plants on Earth, provide homes for birds. Bees collect pollen from flowers and store honey in their honeycombs. Even the tiny ants communicate 3 each other by touching the antennae (触角). One day, a butterfly with colourful wings 4 (land) on a lotus. It said, “The climate is 5 (change). The bamboo 6 (shoot) are disappearing, and the mushrooms can’t break down dead plants fast enough.” 7 the animals decided 8 (take) action. They created a plan to protect 9 (they) homes. After that, they worked hard every day. Finally, the forest became 10 (health) again. They learnt that even small actions can play a part in saving their homes. 五、任务型读写 （25-26八年级上·江苏南京·月考）Our world is facing many dangerous situations. We must do something to protect the environment. The greenhouse effect When we burn fuels such as petrol and coal, a gas called CO2 is produced. Too much of this gas pollutes the atmosphere (大气), and causes it to keep in too much heat. As a result of the greenhouse effect, the earth’s temperature is going up so quickly that the sea level is caused to become higher and higher, and in the future, you may have difficulty seeing any city in the world. Cutting down forests Every year, we destroy nature by cutting down huge areas of forests. This makes the greenhouse effect worse because trees take in CO2 and give out O2. Cutting down trees also destroys the homes of the animals that live in our forests, and causes the surface of the soil to be more easily destroyed by rain. This can lead to floods and even more damage to the environment. Bad habits Many of our habits cause pollution. People often use things once and then throw them away, or leave them on the ground as litter. This creates tons of rubbish and pollutes our land and seas all the time. In order to protect the environment, we need to take proper action. The Chinese government has made laws and rules about dealing with waste. We need to give up bad habits and try to develop good habits. We should buy and use environmentally-friendly products. To reduce air pollution, we can walk or take public transport. If we just learn to live in new and different ways, we can make a difference. The World Is in 1 Problems we are facing The greenhouse effect ▶CO2 is produced when fuels are burnt. Too much CO2 causes the atmosphere to keep in too much heat. ▶The earth’s temperature is 2 so fast that the sea level goes higher and higher and you may even find it 3 to see any city in the world. Cutting down forests ▶Make the greenhouse effect worse. ▶Cause animals to have 4 to live in. ▶Make it 5 for the rain to destroy the surface of the soil. ▶Lead to floods and even more damage. Bad habits ▶People create tons of rubbish, which pollutes our land and seas. 6 that we should take ▶Make laws and rules to deal with the waste. ▶Develop good habits 7 of keeping bad ones. ▶Buy and use products 8 to the environment. 9. Please list one of your habits that cause pollution. (不限词数) 9 10. How will you turn your bad habit into a good one to help protect the environment? (不限词数) 10 六、短文还原 （25-26八年级上·上海闵行·期中）The Amazing Liquid of Life Water is essential for all living things on Earth. 1 It exists in three forms: solid (ice), liquid (water), and gas (vapour). The water cycle ensures that water moves continuously between the Earth and the atmosphere. 2 When water evaporates, it rises into the sky and forms clouds. Later, it falls back as rain or snow. 3 In agriculture, water helps crops grow, and in industries, it’s used for cooling machinery and making products. Even our bodies depend on water—blood is mostly water, and our cells need it to stay alive. 4 Studies show that losing just 2% of your body’s water can make you feel tired and less focused. 5 Sadly, pollution and climate change are threatening water supplies. Chemicals from factories and plastic waste harm rivers, while droughts make clean water even scarcer. The good news? Everyone can help—by saving water at home, reducing pollution, and protecting nature. A．Water is vital for both daily life and large-scale activities. B．It covers over 70% of the Earth. C．In fact, a human can survive weeks without food but only days without water. D．This natural process is called the water cycle. E．However, many people waste water without realizing its true value. F．Most of us get our water at a low price from our taps. 七、阅读理解 （24-25八年级上·广东惠州·期末）On November 28th, a great project was successfully completed in the Taklimakan Desert (塔克拉玛干沙漠). It is an amazing event in China’s history of desert control. The desert is in Xinjiang. Known as the “Sea of Death”, it is the second-largest moving desert around the world. However, near this desert, people are working hard to stop it from getting bigger. They are building a green wall called “locking the edge” (锁边). This 3046-kilometer-long wall shows China’s great experience in environmental protection. The project was filled with difficulties. Workers had to plant trees and grass in the sand in order to stop the sand from moving around. What’s more, they had to fight against strong winds and poor soil (土壤). They never thought about giving up and succeeded in planting billions of plants along the desert edges. Thanks to their hard work, the environment is much better now. The project brings many benefits. First, fewer sandstorms mean cleaner air. And animals like wild camels now have more food to eat and more places to live in. Also, it offers new jobs to local people. This green wall is not just stopping the desert from growing, but also giving hope and a greener future to the whole area. 1．Where is the Taklimakan Desert? A．In Xinjiang. B．In Xizang. C．In Gansu. D．In Qinghai. 2．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．When people finished locking the edge. B．How people built the green wall. C．What people did to fight against bad weather. D．Why people worked on the project. 3．What does the underlined word “benefits” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Accidents. B．Advantages. C．Adventures. D．Activities. 4．What does the project bring? A．Strong winds. B．Sandstorms. C．More animals. D．New jobs. 5．Which can be the best title for the passage? A．China’s Experience of Desert Control. B．The Taklimakan Desert. C．Benefits of Desert Control. D．Taklimakan Edge-Locking Project. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $第11讲 Unit6 Living with Nature Part 1: 单词预习 英文 词性 中文 英文 词性 中文 sweetly adv 悦耳动听地；好好地 wisdom n 智慧，学问 villager n 村民 below prep 在…… 的下面 wheat n 小麦 arrival n 到来 childhood n 童年，儿童时代 calendar n 历法 countryside n 乡下，农村 webpage n 网页 province n 省 energetic adj 精力充沛的；充满活力的 especially adv 尤其 safely adv 安全地、无危害地 Part 2:课文详解 Understanding ideas 1 It was early one morning of Grain in Ear. Lively birds sang sweetly in the trees. Villagers hurried to the fields. Under the blue sky, golden fields shone like the sun. The wind blew, sending sweet smells into the air. Adults were busy cutting the wheat. Children raced behind to pick up the ears. 2 This is one of the best memories of my childhood. I grew up in the countryside of Shandong Province. Most of the villagers there lived by farming. The 24 Solar Terms meant so much to them.The changes of the terms guided both their farming activities and daily lives. The terms helped them understand why things happened at certain times, and how they should react. When I grew up and left my hometown, the 24 Solar Terms followed me.I always feel excited when a new term is set to begin. I longed to share these feelings in my paintings and poems. 3 I didn't know how popular the paintings would become. I'm so happy that many people, especially the young, are taking a new interest in the ancient wisdom. In the hundreds of comments below my posts, others shared similar memories and feelings. Now people may be moving away from farming. However, the ancient way of dividing time stays close to our hearts. 4 The 24 Solar Terms are known as the “Fifth Great Invention of China". They help people understand why nature works this way.Many of the 24 Solar Terms bear social and cultural meanings,too. People celebrate their arrival with traditional activities. For example, many people still eat spring pancakes at Start of Spring and dumplings at Start of Winter. The ancient calendar has never disappeared from the life of the Chinese. 1. sing sweetly · 含义：甜美地歌唱；婉转吟唱 · 搭配：副词 sweetly 修饰动词 sing，可置于动词后；常见拓展搭配：sing sweetly to sb（对某人甜美地歌唱）、sing sweetly in the garden（在花园里甜美地歌唱） · 拓展：核心词：sing（v. 唱歌）、sweetly（adv. 甜美地；悦耳地）；形容词形式：sweet（甜的；悦耳的）；相关短语：sing a song（唱一首歌） · 例句：The little girl likes to sing sweetly under the old tree every morning. 2. hurry to · 含义：匆忙赶往；急忙去（某地或做某事） · 搭配：hurry to + 地点名词（匆忙赶往某地）；hurry to do sth（急忙去做某事）；常见同义替换：rush to · 拓展：核心词：hurry（v. 匆忙；急忙 n. 匆忙）；相关短语：in a hurry（匆忙地）、hurry up（快点） · 例句：We have to hurry to the station, or we will miss the last train. 3. be busy doing · 含义：忙于做某事 · 搭配：be busy + 动名词（doing）；常见同义结构：be busy with + 名词 · 拓展：核心词：busy（adj. 忙碌的；繁忙的）；副词形式：busily；相关短语：a busy day（忙碌的一天） · 例句：My mother is always busy cooking delicious food for us when we get home. 4. pick up the ears · 含义：竖起耳朵（倾听）；留心听 · 搭配：pick up the ears + to do sth（竖起耳朵去听某事）；常见主语多为人或动物 · 拓展：核心词：pick up（捡起；拾起；（不经意间）学会；竖起）；相关短语：pick up a book（捡起一本书）、pick up English（学会英语） · 例句：When they heard the sound of music, all the children picked up their ears. 5. the best memories of my childhood · 含义：我童年最美好的回忆 · 搭配：the memories of + 名词 / 代词（…… 的回忆）；可添加形容词修饰 memories，如 sweet/wonderful memories of · 拓展：核心词：memory（n. 回忆；记忆，复数形式：memories）；动词形式：memorize（记住；熟记）；相关短语：childhood memories（童年回忆） · 例句：The old toys are the best memories of my childhood. 6. mean so much to · 含义：对…… 意义重大；对…… 来说很重要 · 搭配：mean + 名词 / 代词 + to sb（对某人来说意味着……）；可替换程度词：mean a lot to、mean nothing to · 拓展：核心词：mean（v. 意味着；意思是 adj. 吝啬的）；名词形式：meaning（意义；含义）；相关短语：what does it mean?（这是什么意思？） · 例句：This old watch from my grandfather means so much to me. 7. at certain times · 含义：在特定的时刻；在某些时候 · 搭配：可置于句首或句末，修饰整个句子或动词；常见同义短语：at specific times、on certain occasions · 拓展：核心词：certain（adj. 确定的；特定的）；副词形式：certainly（当然）；相关短语：for certain（无疑；确定地） · 例句：At certain times, we need to slow down and enjoy the beautiful scenery around us. 8. react · 含义：反应；作出回应；起化学反应 · 搭配：react to sth（对某事作出反应）；react with sth（与某物发生化学反应）；react by doing sth（通过做某事回应） · 拓展：核心词：react（v. 反应）；名词形式：reaction（反应；回应）；形容词形式：reactive（反应性的） · 例句：People usually react differently to the same piece of news. 9. be set to · 含义：准备好；即将；预计（做某事） · 搭配：be set to do sth（即将做某事；准备好做某事）；常见同义结构：be ready to do sth、be about to do sth · 拓展：核心词：set（v. 放置；使处于；设置 adj. 固定的；准备好的）；相关短语：set up（建立；设立）、set off（出发；动身） · 例句：The new movie is set to be released next month. 10. long to · 含义：渴望；盼望（做某事） · 搭配：long to do sth（渴望做某事）；同义短语：long for sth（渴望某物） · 拓展：核心词：long（v. 渴望 adj. 长的；长时间的 adv. 长久地）；名词形式：longing（渴望；盼望） · 例句：The little boy longs to travel around the world with his parents. 11. take a new interest in the ancient wisdom · 含义：对古老的智慧产生新的兴趣 · 搭配：take an interest in sth（对某物产生兴趣）；可添加形容词修饰 interest，如 great/keen interest in · 拓展：核心词：interest（n. 兴趣；爱好 v. 使感兴趣）；形容词形式：interesting（有趣的）、interested（感兴趣的）；相关短语：lose interest in（对…… 失去兴趣） · 例句：More and more young people take a new interest in the ancient wisdom of our country. 12. move away · 含义：搬走；离开；移开 · 搭配：move away from + 地点（从某地搬走）；单独使用：move away（搬走） · 拓展：核心词：move（v. 移动；搬家；搬迁）；相关短语：move into（搬进）、move out（搬出） · 例句：My uncle decided to move away from the noisy city and live in the countryside. 13. stay close to · 含义：靠近……；与…… 保持密切联系；待在…… 附近 · 搭配：stay close to + 人 / 地点（靠近某人 / 某地）；同义短语：keep close to · 拓展：核心词：stay（v. 停留；保持；待）、close（adj. 近的；亲密的 adv. 紧密地）；相关短语：stay in touch（保持联系） · 例句：Children should stay close to their parents in the crowded supermarket. 14. be known as · 含义：被称为；被认为是；以…… 而闻名 · 搭配：be known as + 身份 / 称号（被称为某身份）；易混短语：be known for（因…… 而闻名）、be known to（为…… 所熟知） · 拓展：核心词：know（v. 知道；了解）；形容词形式：known（知名的；已知的）；相关短语：a well-known writer（一位著名作家） · 例句：Lu Xun is known as a great writer and thinker in China. 15. arrival · 含义：到达；抵达；到达的人或物 · 搭配：the arrival of + 人 / 物（某人 / 某物的到达）；on one’s arrival（在某人到达时） · 拓展：核心词：arrival（n. 到达）；动词形式：arrive（到达）；相关短语：arrive at + 小地点（到达某地）、arrive in + 大地点 · 例句：We gave a warm welcome to the arrival of our foreign friends. 16. disappear from · 含义：从…… 消失；从…… 绝迹 · 搭配：disappear from + 地点 / 视野（从某地 / 视野中消失）；反义词组：appear in（出现在……） · 拓展：核心词：disappear（v. 消失；不见）；前缀 dis- 表否定；名词形式：disappearance（消失）；相关短语：disappear without a trace（消失得无影无踪） · 例句：Many rare animals have disappeared from the earth because of human activities. 【即学即用】 一、词汇变形填空题 1. sing（v. 唱歌）→ __________（n. 歌手）/__________（adj. 唱歌的） 1. sweetly（adv. 甜美地；悦耳地）→ __________（adj. 甜的；悦耳的）/__________（n. 甜蜜；悦耳） 1. hurry（v. 匆忙；n. 匆忙）→ __________（adj. 匆忙的）/__________（adv. 匆忙地） 1. busy（adj. 忙碌的）→ __________（adv. 忙碌地）/__________（n. 商业；事务） 1. memory（n. 回忆；记忆）→ __________（v. 记住）/__________（adj. 难忘的） 1. mean（v. 意味着）→ __________（n. 意义；含义）/__________（adj. 有意义的） 1. certain（adj. 确定的；特定的）→ __________（adv. 当然）/__________（n. 确定性） 1. react（v. 反应；回应）→ __________（n. 反应） 1. set（v. 放置；设置）→ __________（n. 环境；设置）/__________（v. 定居；解决） 1. long（v. 渴望；adj. 长的）→ __________（n. 长度） 1. wisdom（n. 智慧；学问）→ __________（adj. 明智的）/__________（adv. 明智地） 1. move（v. 移动；搬家）→ __________（n. 运动；移动） 1. close（adj. 近的；亲密的）→ __________（adv. 密切地） 1. know（v. 知道；了解）→ __________（n. 知识）/__________（adj. 知识渊博的） 1. arrival（n. 到达；到来）→ __________（v. 到达） 1. energetic（adj. 精力充沛的）→ __________（n. 能量；精力） 1. safely（adv. 安全地）→ __________（adj. 安全的）/__________（n. 安全） 二、答案 1. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. singer；singing 1. sweet；sweetness 1. hurried；hurriedly 1. busily；business 1. memorize；memorable 1. meaning；meaningful 1. certainly；certainty 1. reaction；reactive 1. setting；settle 1. length 1. wise；wisely 1. movement 1. closely 1. knowledge；knowledgeable 1. arrive 1. energy 1. safe；safety 更多精品资料关注公众号：读好书优学社 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 二、请根据句意，从括号内选择正确的变形词填入横线（每空 1 词）。 1．My sister is a talented ____________ (singer / singing) — she can sing many English songs beautifully. 2．The little girl has a ____________ (sweet / sweetness) voice that makes everyone feel happy. 3．He ran ____________ (hurried / hurriedly) to catch the bus, but it still left without him. 4．My father runs his own ____________ (busily / business) and works very hard every day. 5．You need to ____________ (memorize / memorable) these new words before the English test tomorrow. 6．We had a ____________ (meaning / meaningful) trip to the countryside last weekend — we learned a lot about farming. 7．— Can you help me carry this box? — ____________ (certainly / certainty)! It’s not heavy at all. 8．Her ____________ (reaction / reactive) to the surprise gift made everyone laugh — she jumped up and down excitedly. 9．The ____________ (setting / settle) of the story is a small village in the mountains, full of warm people. 10．The ____________ (longing / length) of the river is about 500 kilometers, making it one of the longest in the province. 11．All the students are ____________ (interesting / interested) in the ancient Chinese stories told by the teacher. 12．We should think ____________ (wise / wisely) before making important decisions in life. 13．The ____________ (movement / movable) of the factory has brought more job opportunities to the town. 14．The scientists are watching the data ____________ (closely / closeness) to find out the cause of the phenomenon. 15．A ____________ (knowledge / knowledgeable) person always knows how to use his knowledge to help others. 16．We waited for the ____________ (arrival / arriving) of our friends at the airport for two hours. 17．Please make sure all the children return home ____________ (safely / safety) after the picnic. 【答案】1．singer　2．sweet　3．hurriedly　4．business　5．memorize 6．meaningful　7．certainly　8．reaction　9．setting　10．length 11．interested　12．wisely　13．movement　14．closely　15．knowledgeable 16．arrival　17．safely Part 3: 语法突破 宾语从句（how/why/where/when/what） 一、宾语从句核心讲解（how/why/where/when/what） 1. 定义 宾语从句是在主句中作宾语的从句，常跟在动词（如 know, learn, wonder）、形容词（如 sure, curious）或介词后，由连接词 how/why/where/when/what 引导，表达 “如何 / 为什么 / 哪里 / 何时 / 什么”。 2. 关键规则 1. 语序：陈述语序（核心必守） 从句必须用 “连接词 + 主语 + 谓语” 的陈述结构，不能保留疑问语序（即不能把助动词 / 情态动词提到主语前）。 ❌ She asked what did “Grain in Ear” mean. → ✅ She asked what “Grain in Ear” means. ❌ I don’t know where can we learn about the Solar Terms. → ✅ I don’t know where we can learn about the Solar Terms. 2. 时态一致：主句决定从句时态基调 ① 主句为现在时（一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时等），从句时态根据句意灵活选择（一般现在时、一般将来时、现在完成时等），不受主句限制。 ✅ We all know why the 24 Solar Terms are still useful today.（主句现在时，从句一般现在时表客观事实） ✅ She has wondered when the next Start of Spring will come.（主句现在完成时，从句一般将来时表未来） ② 主句为过去时（一般过去时、过去进行时等），从句需用相应的过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时），保持时态呼应。 ✅ The farmer told us how he planted wheat last year.（主句过去时，从句一般过去时） ✅ They wondered where the ancient calendar had been kept.（主句过去时，从句过去完成时表 “过去的过去”） ③ 特殊情况：从句表达客观真理、自然规律、永恒事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句仍用一般现在时。 ✅ The teacher said why the seasons change with the Solar Terms.（“季节变化” 是客观规律，从句用一般现在时） 3. 连接词：不可省略，各司其职 由 how/why/where/when/what 引导的宾语从句，连接词在从句中充当成分（状语或主语 / 宾语），不能省略，需根据句意精准选择： a. how：作方式状语，表 “如何、怎样” → He explained how the villagers predict the weather through the Solar Terms. b. why：作原因状语，表 “为什么” → I want to know why people eat spring pancakes at Start of Spring. c. where：作地点状语，表 “哪里” → Do you know where the earliest Solar Terms calendar was found? d. when：作时间状语，表 “何时” → She asked when the Harvest Festival would be held. e. what：作主语或宾语，表 “什么” → We discussed what the term “Minor Cold” refers to.（what 作 refer to 的宾语） 4. 否定转移：主语为第一人称时的特殊用法 当主句主语是第一人称（I/we），且主句谓语动词是 think, believe, suppose, guess 等表 “观点、判断” 的词时，否定词通常转移到主句，从句用肯定形式（即 “否定主句，肯定从句”）。 ❌ I don’t think why the Solar Terms are outdated.（错误：否定位置不当） ✅ I don’t think the Solar Terms are outdated.（正确：否定转移到主句） ❌ We don’t believe what he said about the 24 Solar Terms is true. ✅ We don’t believe what he said about the 24 Solar Terms is true.（简化为：We don’t believe his words about the 24 Solar Terms are true.） 5. 介词后接宾语从句 宾语从句可直接跟在介词后作宾语，此时连接词仍需用 how/why/where/when/what，且从句保持陈述语序。 ✅ She is interested in how the Solar Terms guide daily life.（介词 in + 宾语从句） ✅ They talked about what activities people do to celebrate the arrival of Grain Rain.（介词 about + 宾语从句） 二、宾语从句练习题 （一）单项选择（选择正确的连接词或从句语序） 1. The old farmer told us __________ we should plant wheat in spring.（how / why） 1. I wonder __________ the 24 Solar Terms were created.（when / what） 1. Do you know __________ the villagers gather to celebrate the arrival of Start of Winter?（where / how） 1. She asked me __________ the term “Grain Rain” stands for.（what / why） 1. The teacher explained __________ the Solar Terms guide farming activities.（why / when） 1. He didn’t tell me __________ he would go back to his hometown to celebrate the Solar Term.（when / how） 1. Could you tell me __________ the ancient wisdom influences our daily lives?（how / what） 1. I’m not sure __________ the next Solar Term is.（what / where） 1. We are talking about __________ people celebrate Start of Summer in different provinces.（how / why） 1. The student didn’t believe __________ the 24 Solar Terms are called China’s “Fifth Great Invention”.（why / what） 【练习题答案】 1. how　2. when　3. where　4. what　5. why　6. when　7. how　8. what　9. how　10. why （二）句型转换（将下列问句改为宾语从句） 1. When is Start of Autumn?（She wants to know...） → She wants to know ________________________. 1. Why do people eat dumplings at Start of Winter?（He asked...） → He asked ________________________. 1. How do the villagers celebrate Harvest Festival?（We learned...） → We learned ________________________. 1. Where can we find information about the 24 Solar Terms?（They wondered...） → They wondered ________________________. 1. What does “Minor Snow” mean?（The student asked the teacher...） → The student asked the teacher ________________________. 1. Why are the Solar Terms important for farmers?（She didn’t know...） → She didn’t know ________________________. 【练习题答案】 1. when Start of Autumn is 1. why people ate dumplings at Start of Winter（主句过去时，从句用过去时） 1. how the villagers celebrate Harvest Festival（主句现在时，从句用一般现在时） 1. where we could find information about the 24 Solar Terms（主句过去时，从句用过去时） 1. what “Minor Snow” means 1. why the Solar Terms are important for farmers（从句表客观事实，用一般现在时） （三）翻译句子（用宾语从句完成） 1. 我想知道 24 节气为什么被称为中国的 “第五大发明”。 → I want to know ________________________. 1. 爷爷告诉我他小时候如何帮助家人收割小麦。 → Grandpa told me ________________________. 1. 你知道下一个节气是什么时候吗？ → Do you know ________________________? 1. 她不确定这个古老的历法在哪里能找到。 → She is not sure ________________________. 1. 老师向我们解释了为什么节气对农民如此重要。 → The teacher explained to us ________________________. 1. 我们在讨论人们如何通过传统活动庆祝节气的到来。 → We are discussing ________________________. 【练习题答案】 1. why the 24 Solar Terms are known as China’s “Fifth Great Invention” 1. how he helped his family harvest wheat when he was a child 1. when the next Solar Term is 1. where this ancient calendar can be found 1. why the Solar Terms mean so much to farmers 1. how people celebrate the arrival of the Solar Terms through traditional activities Part 4: 当堂检测 一、根据汉语意思填空（注意词形变化） 1. The __________ (村民们) worked hard in fields during Grain in Ear. 2. Birds sang __________ (悦耳动听地) in the morning trees. 3. Cutting __________ (小麦) is a key summer farming activity. 4. People cheer at the __________ (到来) of each Solar Term. 5. The old __________ (历法) records traditional time division. 6. She spent her __________ (童年) in Shandong’s countryside. 7. The 24 Solar Terms carry ancient __________ (智慧). 8. Young people show great __________ (兴趣) in Solar Terms. 9. Many have __________ (搬走) away from farming life. 10. The ancient calendar never __________ (消失) from Chinese life. 【答案】 1. villagers　2. sweetly　3. wheat　4. arrival　5. calendar 2. childhood　7. wisdom　8. interest　9. moved　10. disappears 二、语法变形填空（用所给词的适当形式填空） 1. The wind sent __________ (sweet) wheat smells. 1. Adults were busy __________ (cut) wheat. 1. The Solar Terms __________ (mean) much to villagers before. 1. She __________ (long) to share her Solar Term feelings. 1. People take a new __________ (interest) in ancient wisdom. 1. Villagers’ __________ (react) shows respect for tradition. 1. He __________ (grow) up in the countryside. 1. People celebrate by __________ (hold) traditional activities. 1. The __________ (energy) children picked up wheat ears. 1. The sun’s __________ (move) links to Solar Terms. 【答案】 1. sweet（形容词修饰名词）　2. cutting（be busy doing 固定搭配） 1. meant（before 表过去，用一般过去时）　4. longed（过去语境，用一般过去时） 1. interest（take an interest in 固定搭配）　6. reaction（名词作主语） 1. grew（一般过去时，表过去经历）　8. holding（by 后接动名词） 1. energetic（形容词修饰名词 children）　10. movement（名词作主语） 三、完形填空 （25-26八年级上·江苏南京·周测）What does the word ecology mean? It was 1 by Ernst Haeckel, a German biologist. He joined two Greek words: oikos, meaning “house”, and logia, meaning “the study of”. Together they mean “the study of the house”. The “house” Haeckel had in mind is our 2 , Earth. Earth is home for all living things-humans, animals, plants, and even tiny microbes. To study a house is to learn how its residents (居民) use it. An ecologist is a scientist who studies the 3 between organisms (生物) and their environment. The environment is an organism’s surroundings. It may 4 water, gases, rocks, and temperature. Ecologists also study the balance of using the environment while protecting it. An ecologist once asked a boy 5 he thought it meant to protect the environment. The boy said, “You go into the forest and look for somebody who wants to cut down a tree. You take away his axe. You tell him about how 6 trees are. You say they are good for natural beauty, saving soil, and giving shelter to birds and other animals.” “Good answer,” said the ecologist, “ 7 it may not be easy to find a woodcutter to talk to. Also, remember that sometimes it’s 8 to cut down a tree. If we cut down too many trees, the forest will disappear. If we don’t cut down any trees, we won’t get any resources from the forest. We have to find the right 9 .” “I get it,” the boy said. “We need the forest’s 10 for wood and paper or we might not have desks or notebooks for school.” “Exactly—and school is a good place to learn about ecology,” added the ecologist. “Then you will know how to protect the natural environment.” 1．A．predicted B．invented C．marked D．accepted 2．A．planet B．building C．project D．surface 3．A．feeling B．relationships C．distance D．competitions 4．A．pollute B．increase C．include D．reduce 5．A．who B．whose C．why D．what 6．A．wild B．common C．countless D．important 7．A．but B．and C．so D．or 8．A．comfortable B．tiring C．impossible D．necessary 9．A．effect B．temperature C．balance D．symbol 10．A．soil B．resources C．landscape D．wildlife 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．D 6．D 7．A 8．D 9．C 10．B 【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了“ecology”一词的由来、生态学的研究对象，以及生态学家对保护和利用环境平衡的探讨。 1．句意：这个词是由德国生物学家恩斯特·海克尔创造的。 predicted预测；invented创造、发明；marked标记；accepted接受。根据后文“He joined two Greek words: oikos, meaning ‘house’, and logie, meaning ‘the study of’”可知，恩斯特·海克尔将两个希腊单词组合创造出了“ecology”这个词。故选B。 2．句意：海克尔心中的“房子”就是我们的星球——地球。 planet星球；building建筑物；project项目；surface表面。根据空后的“Earth”可知，地球是一颗星球。故选A。 3．句意：生态学家是研究生物与环境之间关系的科学家。 feeling感觉；relationships关系；distance距离；competitions竞争。根据前文“To study a house is to learn how its residents (居民) use it”以及生态学的研究范畴可知，生态学家研究的是生物和环境之间的相互关系。故选B。 4．句意：它可能包括水、气体、岩石和温度。 pollute污染；increase增加；include包括；reduce减少。根据前文“The environment is an organism’s surroundings”可知，此处是在列举环境包含的具体要素。故选C。 5．句意：一位生态学家曾经问一个男孩，他认为保护环境意味着什么。 who谁；whose谁的；why为什么；what什么。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作“meant”的宾语，表达“什么”的含义。故选D。 6．句意：你告诉他树木有多重要。 wild野生的；common常见的；countless无数的；important重要的。根据后文“You say they are good for natural beauty, saving soil, and giving shelter to birds and other animals”可知，此处是在说明树木的重要性。故选D。 7．句意：生态学家说：“回答得好，但找到一个樵夫去交谈可能并不容易。” but但是；and和；so所以；or或者。前文夸赞男孩回答得好，后文说找到樵夫交谈不容易，前后句之间是转折关系。故选A。 8．句意：另外，要记住有时候砍树是必要的。 comfortable舒适的；tiring累人的；impossible不可能的；necessary必要的。根据后文“If we don’t cut down any trees, we won’t get any resources from the forest”可知，有时砍树是获取森林资源的必要手段。故选D。 9．句意：我们必须找到正确的平衡。 effect影响；temperature温度；balance平衡；symbol象征。根据前文“Ecologists also study the balance of using the environment while protecting it”以及“If we cut down too many trees... If we don’t cut down any trees...”可知，此处强调要在砍树和保护森林之间找到平衡。故选C。 10．句意：我们需要森林的资源来获取木材和纸张，否则我们上学可能就没有课桌和笔记本了。 soil土壤；resources资源；landscape风景；wildlife野生动物。根据后文“for wood and paper or we might not have desks or notebooks for school”可知，木材和纸张都属于森林提供的资源。故选B。 四、语法填空 （25-26八年级上·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·期中）阅读下面短文，在各题空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In a lively forest, every creature plays 1 special role in the ecosystem. The giant redwood trees, which are among the 2 (tall) plants on Earth, provide homes for birds. Bees collect pollen from flowers and store honey in their honeycombs. Even the tiny ants communicate 3 each other by touching the antennae (触角). One day, a butterfly with colourful wings 4 (land) on a lotus. It said, “The climate is 5 (change). The bamboo 6 (shoot) are disappearing, and the mushrooms can’t break down dead plants fast enough.” 7 the animals decided 8 (take) action. They created a plan to protect 9 (they) homes. After that, they worked hard every day. Finally, the forest became 10 (health) again. They learnt that even small actions can play a part in saving their homes. 【答案】 1．a 2．tallest 3．with 4．landed 5．changing 6．shoots 7．So 8．to take 9．their 10．healthy 【导语】本文主要讲述了森林中生物在生态系统中的作用，以及面对气候变化时动物们采取行动保护家园的故事。 1．句意：在一片生机勃勃的森林里，每一种生物都在生态系统中扮演着一个特殊的角色。根据“every creature plays...special role in the ecosystem”可知，此处泛指一个特殊角色，special以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。 2．句意：巨型红杉树是地球上最高的植物之一，它们为鸟类提供了栖息地。根据“among the...plants on Earth”可知，此处是“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”结构，tall的最高级是tallest。故填tallest。 3．句意：甚至小小的蚂蚁也通过触碰触角来相互交流。根据“communicate...each other”可知，此处表示“和彼此交流”，用communicate with sb.结构。故填with。 4．句意：一天，一只长着彩色翅膀的蝴蝶落在了一朵莲花上。根据“One day”及结合语境可知，句子用一般过去时，动词用过去式landed，表示“降落”。故填landed。 5．句意：它说：“气候正在变化。竹笋正在消失，而且蘑菇不能足够快地分解死去的植物。”根据“The climate is”及结合语境可知，此处表示动作正在进行，用现在进行时is changing，表示“正在变化”。故填changing。 6．句意：它说：“气候正在变化。竹笋正在消失，而且蘑菇不能足够快地分解死去的植物。”根据“The bamboo...are disappearing”可知，此处表示竹笋，用名词复数shoots“竹笋”。故填shoots。 7．句意：所以动物们决定采取行动。根据“The bamboo...are disappearing, and the mushrooms can’t break down dead plants fast enough...the animals decided...action.”可知，前后是因果关系，用so“因此”连接，句首首字母大写。故填So。 8．句意：所以动物们决定采取行动。根据“the animals decided...action”可知，decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，动词不定式作宾语。故填to take。 9．句意：它们制定了一个保护它们家园的计划。根据“They created a plan to protect...homes.”可知，此处修饰名词homes，用形容词性物主代词their“它们的”。故填their。 10．句意：最后，森林又恢复了健康。根据“the forest became...again”可知，此处作表语，用形容词healthy“健康的”。故填healthy。 五、任务型读写 （25-26八年级上·江苏南京·月考）Our world is facing many dangerous situations. We must do something to protect the environment. The greenhouse effect When we burn fuels such as petrol and coal, a gas called CO2 is produced. Too much of this gas pollutes the atmosphere (大气), and causes it to keep in too much heat. As a result of the greenhouse effect, the earth’s temperature is going up so quickly that the sea level is caused to become higher and higher, and in the future, you may have difficulty seeing any city in the world. Cutting down forests Every year, we destroy nature by cutting down huge areas of forests. This makes the greenhouse effect worse because trees take in CO2 and give out O2. Cutting down trees also destroys the homes of the animals that live in our forests, and causes the surface of the soil to be more easily destroyed by rain. This can lead to floods and even more damage to the environment. Bad habits Many of our habits cause pollution. People often use things once and then throw them away, or leave them on the ground as litter. This creates tons of rubbish and pollutes our land and seas all the time. In order to protect the environment, we need to take proper action. The Chinese government has made laws and rules about dealing with waste. We need to give up bad habits and try to develop good habits. We should buy and use environmentally-friendly products. To reduce air pollution, we can walk or take public transport. If we just learn to live in new and different ways, we can make a difference. The World Is in 1 Problems we are facing The greenhouse effect ▶CO2 is produced when fuels are burnt. Too much CO2 causes the atmosphere to keep in too much heat. ▶The earth’s temperature is 2 so fast that the sea level goes higher and higher and you may even find it 3 to see any city in the world. Cutting down forests ▶Make the greenhouse effect worse. ▶Cause animals to have 4 to live in. ▶Make it 5 for the rain to destroy the surface of the soil. ▶Lead to floods and even more damage. Bad habits ▶People create tons of rubbish, which pollutes our land and seas. 6 that we should take ▶Make laws and rules to deal with the waste. ▶Develop good habits 7 of keeping bad ones. ▶Buy and use products 8 to the environment. 9. Please list one of your habits that cause pollution. (不限词数) 9 10. How will you turn your bad habit into a good one to help protect the environment? (不限词数) 10 【答案】 1．Danger 2．going up 3．difficult 4．no homes/nowhere/no places 5．easier/much easier 6．Actions 7．instead 8．friendly 9．I often use disposable chopsticks when eating out. 10．I will bring my own chopsticks when I go out to eat. 【导语】本文主要阐述了当今世界面临的三大环境问题：温室效应、森林砍伐和不良习惯，分析了其成因和后果，并提出了我们应该采取的行动，如遵守法律、养成好习惯、使用环保产品和乘坐公共交通等。 1．根据“Our world is facing many dangerous situations.”可知，世界正面临许多危险的情况。be in danger意为“处于危险之中”。故填Danger。 2．根据“The greenhouse effect”部分中的“the earth’s temperature is going up so quickly”可知，地球温度正在迅速上升。go up意为“上升”。故填going up. 3．根据“The greenhouse effect”部分中的“in the future, you may have difficulty seeing any city in the world”可知，未来人们甚至可能难以看到世界上的任何城市。difficult“困难的”。故填difficult. 4．根据“Cutting down forests”部分中的“Cutting down trees also destroys the homes of the animals”可知，砍伐森林破坏了动物的家园，导致动物没有地方居住。“have no homes/nowhere/no places to live”均表示“没有栖息地”。故填no homes/nowhere/no places. 5．根据“Cutting down forests”部分中的“causes the surface of the soil to be more easily destroyed by rain”可知，砍伐森林使得雨水更容易破坏土壤表面。easier是easily的比较级形式。故填easier/much easier. 6．根据“Bad habits”部分中的“In order to protect the environment, we need to take proper action.”以及表格结构可知，此处对应的是我们应该采取的行动。故填Actions. 7．根据“Bad habits”部分中的“We need to give up bad habits and try to develop good habits.”可知，我们需要放弃坏习惯，培养好习惯。instead of意为“代替；而不是”。故填instead. 8．根据“Bad habits”部分中的“We should buy and use environmentally-friendly products.”可知，我们应该购买和使用对环境友好的产品。friendly意为“友好的”。故填friendly. 9．本题为开放性试题。根据个人实际情况列举一个造成污染的坏习惯即可。例如：外出用餐使用一次性筷子。故填I often use disposable chopsticks when eating out. 10．本题为开放性试题。针对第9题列举的坏习惯提出改正措施。例如：外出就餐自带筷子。故填I will bring my own chopsticks when I go out to eat. 六、短文还原 （25-26八年级上·上海闵行·期中）The Amazing Liquid of Life Water is essential for all living things on Earth. 1 It exists in three forms: solid (ice), liquid (water), and gas (vapour). The water cycle ensures that water moves continuously between the Earth and the atmosphere. 2 When water evaporates, it rises into the sky and forms clouds. Later, it falls back as rain or snow. 3 In agriculture, water helps crops grow, and in industries, it’s used for cooling machinery and making products. Even our bodies depend on water—blood is mostly water, and our cells need it to stay alive. 4 Studies show that losing just 2% of your body’s water can make you feel tired and less focused. 5 Sadly, pollution and climate change are threatening water supplies. Chemicals from factories and plastic waste harm rivers, while droughts make clean water even scarcer. The good news? Everyone can help—by saving water at home, reducing pollution, and protecting nature. A．Water is vital for both daily life and large-scale activities. B．It covers over 70% of the Earth. C．In fact, a human can survive weeks without food but only days without water. D．This natural process is called the water cycle. E．However, many people waste water without realizing its true value. F．Most of us get our water at a low price from our taps. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．E 【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了水的重要性、存在形式、水循环过程、在人类生活和自然中的作用，以及当前面临的水资源威胁，最后呼吁节约用水。 1． 根据“Water is essential for all living things on Earth.”及“It exists in three forms: solid (ice), liquid (water), and gas (vapour).”可知，此处介绍水在地球上的覆盖范围，选项B“它覆盖了地球的70%以上。”符合语境。故选B。 2．根据“The water cycle ensures that water moves continuously between the Earth and the atmosphere.”及“When water evaporates, it rises into the sky and forms clouds. Later, it falls back as rain or snow.”可知，此处介绍水循环，选项D“这个自然过程被称为水循环。”符合语境。故选D。 3．根据“In agriculture, water helps crops grow, and in industries, it’s used for cooling machinery and making products.”可知，此处介绍水对农业和工业等大规模活动的重要性，选项A“水对日常生活和大规模活动都至关重要。”符合语境。故选A。 4．根据“Even our bodies depend on water—blood is mostly water, and our cells need it to stay alive.”及“Studies show that losing just 2% of your body’s water can make you feel tired and less focused.”可知，此处介绍水对人类身体的重要性，选项C“事实上，一个人没有食物可以存活数周，但没有水只能存活数天。”符合语境。故选C。 5．根据“Sadly, pollution and climate change are threatening water supplies.”可知，此处介绍水资源的现状，且与下文“污染和气候变化威胁着水资源供应”形成转折，选项E“然而，许多人浪费水，却没有意识到它的真正价值。”符合语境。故选E。 七、阅读理解 （24-25八年级上·广东惠州·期末）On November 28th, a great project was successfully completed in the Taklimakan Desert (塔克拉玛干沙漠). It is an amazing event in China’s history of desert control. The desert is in Xinjiang. Known as the “Sea of Death”, it is the second-largest moving desert around the world. However, near this desert, people are working hard to stop it from getting bigger. They are building a green wall called “locking the edge” (锁边). This 3046-kilometer-long wall shows China’s great experience in environmental protection. The project was filled with difficulties. Workers had to plant trees and grass in the sand in order to stop the sand from moving around. What’s more, they had to fight against strong winds and poor soil (土壤). They never thought about giving up and succeeded in planting billions of plants along the desert edges. Thanks to their hard work, the environment is much better now. The project brings many benefits. First, fewer sandstorms mean cleaner air. And animals like wild camels now have more food to eat and more places to live in. Also, it offers new jobs to local people. This green wall is not just stopping the desert from growing, but also giving hope and a greener future to the whole area. 1．Where is the Taklimakan Desert? A．In Xinjiang. B．In Xizang. C．In Gansu. D．In Qinghai. 2．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．When people finished locking the edge. B．How people built the green wall. C．What people did to fight against bad weather. D．Why people worked on the project. 3．What does the underlined word “benefits” in Paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Accidents. B．Advantages. C．Adventures. D．Activities. 4．What does the project bring? A．Strong winds. B．Sandstorms. C．More animals. D．New jobs. 5．Which can be the best title for the passage? A．China’s Experience of Desert Control. B．The Taklimakan Desert. C．Benefits of Desert Control. D．Taklimakan Edge-Locking Project. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．D 5．D 【导语】本文介绍了中国在塔克拉玛干沙漠实施的“锁边”生态工程，包括其背景、面临的挑战、成果及带来的益处。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“The desert is in Xinjiang.”可知，塔克拉玛干沙漠位于新疆。故选A。 2．主旨大意题。第三段主要描述了工人们如何在沙漠边缘种植草木以固定沙土，以及他们与强风和贫瘠土壤作斗争的过程，即如何建造绿色长城。故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据第四段“The project brings many benefits.”以及下文列举的“fewer sandstorms”（更少的沙尘暴）、“more food to eat”（更多食物）、“new jobs”（新工作）等积极影响可知，“benefits”意为“益处，好处”。故选B。 4．细节理解题。根据第四段“it offers new jobs to local people”可知，该项目带来了新的工作岗位。故选D。 5．主旨大意题。全文围绕塔克拉玛干沙漠的“锁边”工程展开，介绍了其位置、建设过程、面临的困难以及带来的益处，因此最佳标题为“塔克拉玛干锁边工程”。故选D。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $