第09讲 Unit 5 Looking into Nature预习讲义2025-2026学年外研版英语八年级下册

第09讲 Unit5 Looking into Nature Part 1: 单词预习 英文 词性 中文 英文 词性 中文 dinosaur n. 恐龙 newspaper n. 报纸 feather n. 羽毛；翎 writing n. 写作；著书 feather-covered adj. 羽毛覆盖的 style n. 风格 lizard n. 蜥蜴 method n. 方法；办法 amber n. 琥珀 alive adj. 变得兴奋起来 whether conj. 是否 argument n. 论点；论据 species n. 物种 board n. 布告牌；公告牌 unknown adj. 不知道的；未知的 model n. 模型 northern adj. 北部的 plant n. 行星 African adj. 非洲的；非洲人的 true adj. 符合事实的 belief n. 观点 clear v. 清除；清理 fully adv. 完全地；充分地； upload v. 上载；上传 unlock v. 解锁；揭开 whale n. 鲸 finding n. 发现；研究的结果 Part 2:课文详解 Understanding ideas Imagine a dinosaur in an ancient forest. It is running around looking for its next meal. With an angry cry, it opens its mouth,raises its beautiful feather-covered arms, and... Wait, feathers on a dinosaur? For hundreds of years, people believed that dinosaurs looked like huge lizards. Just look at all those dinosaurs in books,films and TV shows! However, thanks to a piece of amber, scientists now know that this idea is wrong.In the amber from Southeast Asia, they found the tail of a dinosaur - with feathers. These beautiful golden stones quietly keep pieces of the past. They can tell us whether dinosaurs had feathers,but that's not all. They also help us understand that life on earth has always changed. A piece of amber from Northern Europe,for example, holds a flower.This species no longer grows in this area. But the find proves that it did 35 million years ago. In the future, amber may also help us discover if other species have changed over time. Thanks to amber, more than 300 unknown species have been discovered. In a piece of amber from Africa, scientists found 13ants. Research shows that they are a completely new species.Scientists used to believe that ants came from the northern half of the earth. The discovery of this African species has changed old beliefs about the history of ants. Who knows whether this piece of amber will tell us more secrets? As a window on the past, amber has been much studied.However, it's still not fully understood. We should put more effort into research. Then we can use this key to unlock more secrets of nature. 1. no longer · 含义：__________（表示状态或动作的终止） · 拓展：同义短语：not...any longer（需分开使用，any longer 置于句末） · 例句：The species that lived in the forest no longer exists. 2. prove · 含义：__________；显示；表明 · 搭配：prove + 宾语（证明某事）；prove + 形容词（证明是…… 的）；prove + that 从句（证明……） · 拓展：词性：v.（动词）；过去式 / 过去分词：proved；派生词：proof（n. __________） · 例句：Scientists have proved that the theory is correct through experiments. 3. discover · 含义：__________（之前未知的事物、地方或事实） · 搭配：discover + 宾语（发现某物 / 某事）；discover + that 从句（发现……）；discover how/what/when 等从句 · 拓展：派生词：discovery（n. __________）；同义词：find out（__________） · 例句：Archaeologists discovered a large number of amber fossils in the northern region. 4. over time · 含义：__________（表示过程的渐进性） · 搭配：通常作时间状语，可置于句首、句中或句末 · 拓展：同义表达：as time goes by；with the passage of time · 例句：Over time, the small village has developed into a modern city. 5. unknown · 含义：__________；陌生的；未知的事物 · 搭配：作形容词：unknown + 名词（__________）；作名词：the unknown（__________） · 拓展：词性：adj.（形容词）/n.（名词）；反义词：known（__________）；派生词：unknowns（n. 未知数；未知情况） · 例句：There are still many unknown secrets in the deep ocean. 6. used to · 含义：__________（做某事）；曾经（存在某种状态） · 搭配：used to + 动词原形（过去常常做某事）；否定式：didn’t use to /used not to；疑问式：Did...use to...? / Used...to...? · 拓展：注意区分：be used to + 名词 / 动名词（__________）；be used to do（__________） · 例句：People used to believe that the earth was flat.（人们过去常常认为地球是平的。） 7. fully understood · 含义：__________（被动语态短语） · 搭配：be fully understood + by sb（被某人完全理解）；be fully understood as...（__________） · 拓展：核心词：understand（v. __________）→ 过去式 / 过去分词：understood；副词 fully（__________）修饰 understood · 例句：The complex chemical reaction is not yet fully understood by scientists. 8. put more effort into research · 含义：__________ · 搭配：put effort into + 名词 / 动名词（__________）；put more/less effort into（在…… 上投入更多 / 更少精力） · 拓展：核心短语：put effort into（__________）；同义表达：devote more effort to research（to 为介词，后接名词 / 动名词） · 例句：To unlock the secrets of the ancient species, researchers need to put more effort into research. 9. unlock more secrets · 含义：__________ · 搭配：unlock + 宾语（揭开秘密 / 解锁某物）；unlock the secrets of + 名词（揭开…… 的秘密） · 拓展：核心词：unlock（v. __________）；派生词：lock（v. __________）→ 反义词前缀 un-；相关短语：unlock potential（__________） · 例句：With the development of technology, we can unlock more secrets of the universe. 【即学即用】 一、词汇变形 1．discover（v. 发现）→ __________（n. 发现）​ 2．prove（v. 证明）→ __________（n. 证据） 3．unknown（adj. 未知的）→ __________（n. 未知数；未知情况） 4．understand（v. 理解）→ __________（n. 理解；理解力）/__________（adj. 可理解的；易懂的） 5．effort（n. 努力）→ __________（adj. 努力的；费力的）​ 6．unlock（v. 解锁；揭开）→ __________（n. 解锁；开启）/__________（反义词，v. 锁；封锁）​ 7．believe（v. 相信；认为）→ __________（n. 信仰；信念）/__________（adj. 可信的）​ 8．change（v. 改变；变化）→ __________（adj. 易变的；可变的）​ 9．develop（v. 发展；开发）→ __________（n. 发展；发育）/__________（adj. 发展中的）​ 10．research（v. 研究；调查）→ __________（n. 研究者） 二. 从括号里选出合适的词语 1．Scientists have made a great ____________ (discover / discovery) of amber containing dinosaur feathers.​ 2．The ____________ (prove / proof) of the theory lies in the detailed research data.​ 3．Explorers are always curious about the ____________ (unknown / unknowns) in the deep sea.​ 4．Her ____________ (understand / understanding) of ancient species comes from years of study.​ 5．It was an ____________ (effort / effortful) task to collect and analyze the amber samples.​ 6．The ____________ (unlock / unlocking) of nature’s secrets requires patience and wisdom.​ 7．His ____________ (believe / belief) in the value of amber research has never changed.​ 8．The ____________ (change / changeable) climate has a great impact on species evolution.​ 9．The ____________ (develop / development) of technology helps archaeologists study amber better.​ 10．A ____________ (research / researcher) from the university spent 5 years studying African amber.​ 三、选词填空（从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，每词限用一次） public, solution, exam, pocket, excuse, afford, disappointment, treat, pain, add​ 1．____________ me, could you tell me where the nearest hospital is?​ 2．The family couldn’t ____________ the expensive treatment for their sick child.​ 3．The team’s failure brought great ____________ to all their fans.​ 4．She searched her ____________ for the key but didn’t find it.​ 5．We need to find a ____________ to solve this environmental problem.​ 6．He made up an ____________ for being late to the meeting.​ 7．The ____________ was so difficult that many students failed.​ 8．Doctors did their best to reduce the patient’s ____________.​ 9．This park is open to the ____________ every day from 6 a.m. to 9 p.m.​ 10．Would you like to ____________ us to dinner tonight?​ Part 3: 语法突破 宾语从句（that/if/whether）语法详解+练习题 一、核心语法讲解 （一）宾语从句定义 宾语从句是在主句中作宾语的从句，通常由 that/if/whether 等连词引导，位于及物动词、介词或形容词后。 （二）that 的用法 1. 功能：引导陈述句作宾语从句，无实际含义（翻译时不译），仅起连接作用。 2. 省略规则：多数情况下可省略，以下情况建议保留： 0. 主句谓语动词为 say、explain、insist、order 等正式动词时； 0. 从句较长或有多个并列宾语从句时（第一个 that 可省，后面需保留）； 0. 主句与从句之间有插入语时。 3. 常见搭配：think、believe、know、say、tell、remind、find、hope、agree 等动词后。 4. 例句： a. She said (that) she would come on time.（她说她会准时来。） b. I know (that) he is honest and that he will help us.（我知道他诚实，也知道他会帮我们。） （三）if/whether 的用法 1. 功能：引导一般疑问句作宾语从句，译为 “是否”，有实际含义。 2. 互换情况：多数语境下可互换，常见搭配动词 / 形容词：ask、wonder、want to know、be sure、be certain、doubt 等。 3. 只能用 whether 的 3 种情况： a. 从句中有 or not 或 or...or...（选择疑问）； b. 作介词（如 about、on、depends on）的宾语； c. 后接不定式（to do）。 4. 例句： a. I don’t know if/whether he will attend the meeting.（我不知道他是否会参加会议。） b. She asked me whether I liked tea or coffee.（她问我喜欢茶还是咖啡。—— 有 or，用 whether） c. It depends on whether we have enough time.（这取决于我们是否有足够时间。—— 介词后，用 whether） d. He hasn’t decided whether to go abroad.（他还没决定是否出国。—— 接不定式，用 whether） （四）宾语从句通用规则 1. 语序：无论原句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句一律用陈述句语序（主语 + 谓语，不可倒装）。 a. 错误：Could you tell me where is the bank? b. 正确：Could you tell me where the bank is? 2. 时态呼应： a. 主句为一般现在时 / 一般将来时，从句时态根据实际情况而定； b. 主句为一般过去时，从句需用相应过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）； c. 从句表示客观真理、事实时，时态不变（仍用一般现在时）。 d. 例句：He said (that) the earth goes around the sun.（他说地球绕着太阳转。—— 客观真理，用一般现在时） 二、练习题 基础题（用 that/if/whether 填空，可重复使用） 1．I think ____________ he is right. 2．She asked me ____________ I had seen her key. 3．The teacher told us ____________ the exam would be easy. 4．Could you tell me ____________ the library opens at 8 a.m.? 5．He wonders ____________ he can finish the work today. 6．My mother reminded me ____________ I should take an umbrella. 7．No one is sure ____________ the rain will stop this afternoon. 8．They agreed ____________ they would support our plan. 进阶题（选择合适连词，重点区分 whether 的特殊用法） 9．I’m not sure ____________ I should accept the invitation or not. 10．The success of the project depends on ____________ we can get enough funding. 11．She doesn’t know ____________ to choose the red dress or the blue one. 12．He asked me ____________ the film was interesting. 13．I believe ____________ practice makes perfect and ____________ hard work pays off. 14．We discussed ____________ we should go by train or by plane. 15．The manager is thinking about ____________ we need to hire more staff. Part 4: 当堂检测 一、从文本核心词汇中选择合适单词填空，注意词形变化。​ 1. People used to think dinosaurs were huge __________ (蜥蜴).​ 2. A piece of __________ (琥珀) from Southeast Asia proved dinosaurs had feathers.​ 3. This plant __________ (不再) grows in Northern Europe.​ 4. Scientists have discovered over 300 __________ (未知的) species in amber.​ 5. We need to __________ (投入更多精力) into amber research.​ 6. Amber can help us __________ (揭开) more secrets of ancient life.​ 7. The __________ (发现) of the new ant species surprised everyone.​ 8. This idea is now __________ (被完全理解) by most scientists.​ 9. __________ (随着时间的推移), species on earth have changed a lot.​ 10. People’s __________ (观点) about dinosaurs have changed greatly.​ 二、语法变形填空（用所给词的适当形式填空）​ 1. Scientists __________ (discover) a dinosaur tail in amber in 2016.​ 2. The new species is a great __________ (find) for the research team.​ 3. It’s hard __________ (prove) that all dinosaurs had feathers.​ 4. People used __________ (believe) that dinosaurs were cold-blooded.​ 5. This theory is not __________ (full) understood yet.​ 6. The __________ (develop) of technology helps study amber better.​ 7. We should put more effort into __________ (research) ancient species.​ 8. The __________ (discover) of amber fossils changed our views on dinosaurs.​ 9. He wants __________ (unlock) the secrets hidden in the amber.​ 10. More than 300 unknown species __________ (find) in amber so far.​ 三、完形填空 （25-26八年级上·湖南长沙·月考）阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Growing up in Sichuan, Li Rong likes exploring nature and wildlife. For this 1 , she chose to study wildlife conservation (保护) at college. In 2019, when Li learned the Shenshuping giant panda base (神树坪大熊猫基地) needed keepers, she believed it was time to 2 her dream. She asked for the job without a second thought. Now, Li works at the giant panda base. She finds the job both interesting and 3 . “Although it’s tiring sometimes, it brings me 4 . Spending time with the pandas makes me feel great,” Li said. 5 pandas often takes much time and energy. Every day, Li needs to clean the pandas’ living space, prepare food, and 6 how each panda is doing. At first, Li 7 all pandas were similar. After becoming a keeper, she found that they are quite 8 from each other. Baby pandas are 9 and more playful than adult pandas. Li must keep an eye on them. “Pandas are like my friends. When I talk with them, they always respond (回应),” Li said. For Li, the past six years is 10 the beginning. She will keep growing with her panda friends. 1．A．problem B．victory C．reason 2．A．realize B．change C．forget 3．A．strange B．common C．meaningful 4．A．worries B．happiness C．luck 5．A．Taking care of B．Looking for C．Hanging out with 6．A．create B．decide C．record 7．A．planned B．reminded C．thought 8．A．alike B．different C．special 9．A．livelier B．quieter C．heavier 10．A．never B．just C．almost 四、语法填空 （25-26九年级上·福建三明·期中）阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Last month, our science teacher, Mrs. Lee said, “Let’s give nature a home here.” We started to turn 1 empty space into a community garden. Kids, parents and even grandparents joined 2 (we) when we brought tools, seeds, and lots of happy words. First, we 3 (clear) and pulled weeds (杂草). “This used to be a messy corner,” said Tom, my classmate. Then we planted grass, sunflowers, even a small apple tree and so on. “Plants are like 4 (baby),” Grandma Xu smiled, “They need love to grow!” Weeks later, something 5 (wonder) happened. Butterflies in orange and black danced over the flowers. A family of sparrows (麻雀) built a “house” in the apple tree. Every evening, neighbors stop by to chat while 6 (pick) fresh mint (薄荷) or cherry tomatoes. A dog often 7 (play) with a cute cat. “I used to watch TV after dinner,” said Grandma Xu, “Now I can’t wait 8 my roses to come out.” Nature isn’t far away—it’s in our 9 (hand). This little garden shows that when people work together, we can build a much 10 (good) home for plants, animals and people. 五、任务型读写 （24-25九年级上·安徽合肥·期末）阅读下面短文，并用英语回答问题 （请注意每小题的词数要求）。 Bert found a lizard (蜥蜴) in the garden and saw it as his friend. He also gave it an interesting name, Funny. “Funny must feel bored,” Bert thought. Then he decided to make a racing track (赛道) with his toys so that they could have fun together. Bert took Funny into his house and started to make the racing track. Funny always tried to run away, so Bert put it in a box. However, Funny didn’t like the box because it was dark inside. It liked the sunshine. After Bert finished making the racing track, he took Funny out. “Now let’s have a competition and see who runs faster!” said Bert. Then Bert found something strange. Funny did not run. And its eyes were not open any more. At that time, Bert knew he was wrong. He didn’t care about his friend Funny’s feelings! A true friend should not do that. “Funny should live in nature. There are flowers, sunshine and trees. It will be happier there!” he said. Then Bert put Funny back into the garden. He was happy that Funny’s eyes opened again! 1．Where did Bert put Funny to stop it running away? (不超过5个词) 2．How might Funny feel after he went back to the garden? (不超过5个词) 3．What can we learn from the story? (不超过10个词) 六、短文还原 （25-26八年级上·河南许昌·期中）The giant panda is a national treasure of China. Chinese people love it and they also love bamboo—the animal’s favorite food. China grows the most bamboo in the world. 1 The history of Chinese people planting and using bamboo goes back about 7,000 years. Bamboo has a very long history in China. Chinese people have used bamboo in many ways. For example, the plant was once an important building material (材料) in China. 2 Even today, we can find some such buildings around us. In the past, people also made bamboo into rafts (竹筏) to get across rivers and lakes or go fishing. 3 In the past, before Chinese people had paper to use, they used bamboo as “paper” to write on. What’s more, Chinese people have used this plant to make food, play music and so on. 4 Chinese people believe that bamboo is a symbol (象征) of good personality. It grows straight (挺直的) and tall. It can stand bad weather. And its green color is a good example of elegance (雅致). 5 Su Shi, a famous writer of the Song Dynasty, wrote in his poem, “I would rather (宁愿) eat no meat than live without bamboo.” Do you love bamboo? 根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意思通顺、内容完整。 A．Bamboo also has a special place in Chinese culture. B．That’s why it has the name—Kingdom of Bamboo. C．People used it to build houses, bridges and so on. D．So, Chinese people love bamboo very much. E．Today, in some places, it’s still possible for us to take a ride on a bamboo raft. 七、阅读理解 （24-25七年级上·山东滨州·期末）①Trees are important to us. They do a lot for us, our environment (环境) and animals. ②Trees help to keep the air clean and make us healthy. They take in dirty air and give clean air to us. Go for a walk in the park in the morning, and you can feel how nice it is to be with many trees and clean air. ③Trees also give us many kinds of beautiful flowers and delicious fruits such as apples and oranges. Trees give homes to different insects, birds and other animals. Even the sap (汁液) of trees is useful as food for insects. ④________ We can use them in many ways. But we are hurting (伤害) them and they can’t grow back quickly. We cut down trees to make paper, desks and chairs. Also, we sometimes clear (清空) the forest to make space to build houses, shops and so on. Clearing the forest is bad. Many animals lose (失去) their homes because of this. ⑤It is time for us to stop hurting our great friends—trees. Use less paper and join tree-planting activities. All of us can do something for our dear friends! 1．How do trees help us stay healthy? A．They share their sap. B．They clean the air. C．They make us enjoy flowers. D．They give us delicious fruits. 2．Which of the following is the best for “________”? A．Trees are very useful. B．Trees grow slowly. C．Not all trees are big. D．Planting trees is easy. 3．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．Making paper. B．Making desks and chairs. C．Clearing the forest. D．Building houses and shops. 4．What is the structure of the passage? (①=Paragraph 1, ②=Paragraph 2...) A．①②/③/④⑤ B．①②/③/④/⑤ C．①/②/③④/⑤ D．①/②③/④/⑤ 5．The writer wrote the passage mainly to _______. A．teach us how to make use of trees B．tell us not to hurt trees C．ask us not to make space for buildings D．show us how to make friends with animals 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $第09讲 Unit5 Looking into Nature Part 1: 单词预习 英文 词性 中文 英文 词性 中文 dinosaur n. 恐龙 newspaper n. 报纸 feather n. 羽毛；翎 writing n. 写作；著书 feather-covered adj. 羽毛覆盖的 style n. 风格 lizard n. 蜥蜴 method n. 方法；办法 amber n. 琥珀 alive adj. 变得兴奋起来 whether conj. 是否 argument n. 论点；论据 species n. 物种 board n. 布告牌；公告牌 unknown adj. 不知道的；未知的 model n. 模型 northern adj. 北部的 plant n. 行星 African adj. 非洲的；非洲人的 true adj. 符合事实的 belief n. 观点 clear v. 清除；清理 fully adv. 完全地；充分地； upload v. 上载；上传 unlock v. 解锁；揭开 whale n. 鲸 finding n. 发现；研究的结果 Part 2:课文详解 Understanding ideas Imagine a dinosaur in an ancient forest. It is running around looking for its next meal. With an angry cry, it opens its mouth,raises its beautiful feather-covered arms, and... Wait, feathers on a dinosaur? For hundreds of years, people believed that dinosaurs looked like huge lizards. Just look at all those dinosaurs in books,films and TV shows! However, thanks to a piece of amber, scientists now know that this idea is wrong.In the amber from Southeast Asia, they found the tail of a dinosaur - with feathers. These beautiful golden stones quietly keep pieces of the past. They can tell us whether dinosaurs had feathers,but that's not all. They also help us understand that life on earth has always changed. A piece of amber from Northern Europe,for example, holds a flower.This species no longer grows in this area. But the find proves that it did 35 million years ago. In the future, amber may also help us discover if other species have changed over time. Thanks to amber, more than 300 unknown species have been discovered. In a piece of amber from Africa, scientists found 13ants. Research shows that they are a completely new species.Scientists used to believe that ants came from the northern half of the earth. The discovery of this African species has changed old beliefs about the history of ants. Who knows whether this piece of amber will tell us more secrets? As a window on the past, amber has been much studied.However, it's still not fully understood. We should put more effort into research. Then we can use this key to unlock more secrets of nature. 1. no longer · 含义：不再；已不（表示状态或动作的终止） · 拓展：同义短语：not...any longer（需分开使用，any longer 置于句末） · 例句：The species that lived in the forest no longer exists.（曾生活在这片森林的物种已不复存在。） 2. prove · 含义：证明；证实；显示；表明 · 搭配：prove + 宾语（证明某事）；prove + 形容词（证明是…… 的）；prove + that 从句（证明……） · 拓展：词性：v.（动词）；过去式 / 过去分词：proved；派生词：proof（n. 证据） · 例句：Scientists have proved that the theory is correct through experiments.（科学家们通过实验证实了这个理论是正确的。） 3. discover · 含义：发现；发觉；找到（之前未知的事物、地方或事实） · 搭配：discover + 宾语（发现某物 / 某事）；discover + that 从句（发现……）；discover how/what/when 等从句 · 拓展：派生词：discovery（n. 发现）；同义词：find out（侧重通过努力查明） · 例句：Archaeologists discovered a large number of amber fossils in the northern region.（考古学家在北部地区发现了大量琥珀化石。） 4. over time · 含义：随着时间的推移；久而久之（表示过程的渐进性） · 搭配：通常作时间状语，可置于句首、句中或句末 · 拓展：同义表达：as time goes by；with the passage of time · 例句：Over time, the small village has developed into a modern city.（随着时间的推移，这个小村庄已发展成一座现代化城市。） 5. unknown · 含义：未知的；不详的；陌生的；未知的事物 · 搭配：作形容词：unknown + 名词（未知的……）；作名词：the unknown（未知事物） · 拓展：词性：adj.（形容词）/n.（名词）；反义词：known（已知的）；派生词：unknowns（n. 未知数；未知情况） · 例句：There are still many unknown secrets in the deep ocean.（深海中仍有许多未知的秘密。） 6. used to · 含义：过去常常（做某事）；曾经（存在某种状态） · 搭配：used to + 动词原形（过去常常做某事）；否定式：didn’t use to /used not to；疑问式：Did...use to...? / Used...to...? · 拓展：注意区分：be used to + 名词 / 动名词（习惯于……）；be used to do（被用来做……） · 例句：People used to believe that the earth was flat.（人们过去常常认为地球是平的。） 7. fully understood · 含义：被完全理解；被充分领会（被动语态短语） · 搭配：be fully understood + by sb（被某人完全理解）；be fully understood as...（被充分理解为……） · 拓展：核心词：understand（v. 理解）→ 过去式 / 过去分词：understood；副词 fully（完全地）修饰 understood · 例句：The complex chemical reaction is not yet fully understood by scientists.（这种复杂的化学反应尚未被科学家们完全理解。） 8. put more effort into research · 含义：在研究上投入更多精力；更努力地进行研究 · 搭配：put effort into + 名词 / 动名词（在…… 上投入精力）；put more/less effort into（在…… 上投入更多 / 更少精力） · 拓展：核心短语：put effort into（投入精力于……）；同义表达：devote more effort to research（to 为介词，后接名词 / 动名词） · 例句：To unlock the secrets of the ancient species, researchers need to put more effort into research.（为了解开这种古老物种的秘密，研究人员需要在研究上投入更多精力。） 9. unlock more secrets · 含义：揭开更多秘密；解锁更多奥秘 · 搭配：unlock + 宾语（揭开秘密 / 解锁某物）；unlock the secrets of + 名词（揭开…… 的秘密） · 拓展：核心词：unlock（v. 解锁；揭开）；派生词：lock（v. 锁；封锁）→ 反义词前缀 un-；相关短语：unlock potential（发掘潜力） · 例句：With the development of technology, we can unlock more secrets of the universe.（随着科技的发展，我们能够揭开宇宙更多的奥秘。） 【即学即用】 一、词汇变形 1．discover（v. 发现）→ __________（n. 发现）​ 2．prove（v. 证明）→ __________（n. 证据） 3．unknown（adj. 未知的）→ __________（n. 未知数；未知情况） 4．understand（v. 理解）→ __________（n. 理解；理解力）/__________（adj. 可理解的；易懂的） 5．effort（n. 努力）→ __________（adj. 努力的；费力的）​ 6．unlock（v. 解锁；揭开）→ __________（n. 解锁；开启）/__________（反义词，v. 锁；封锁）​ 7．believe（v. 相信；认为）→ __________（n. 信仰；信念）/__________（adj. 可信的）​ 8．change（v. 改变；变化）→ __________（adj. 易变的；可变的）​ 9．develop（v. 发展；开发）→ __________（n. 发展；发育）/__________（adj. 发展中的）​ 10．research（v. 研究；调查）→ __________（n. 研究者） 【答案】​ 1．discover（v. 发现）→ discovery（n. 发现）​ 2．prove（v. 证明）→ proof（n. 证据） 3．unknown（adj. 未知的）→ unknowns（n. 未知数；未知情况）​ 4．understand（v. 理解）→ understanding（n. 理解；理解力）/understandable（adj. 可理解的；易懂的） 5．effort（n. 努力）→ effortful（adj. 努力的；费力的）​ 6．unlock（v. 解锁；揭开）→ unlocking（n. 解锁；开启）/lock（反义词，v. 锁；封锁）​ 7．believe（v. 相信；认为）→ belief（n. 信仰；信念）/believable（adj. 可信的）​ 8．change（v. 改变；变化）→ change（n. 变化；改变）/changeable（adj. 易变的；可变的）​ 9．develop（v. 发展；开发）→ development（n. 发展；发育）/developing（adj. 发展中的）​ 10．research（v. 研究；调查）→ researcher（n. 研究者） 二. 从括号里选出合适的词语 1．Scientists have made a great ____________ (discover / discovery) of amber containing dinosaur feathers.​ 2．The ____________ (prove / proof) of the theory lies in the detailed research data.​ 3．Explorers are always curious about the ____________ (unknown / unknowns) in the deep sea.​ 4．Her ____________ (understand / understanding) of ancient species comes from years of study.​ 5．It was an ____________ (effort / effortful) task to collect and analyze the amber samples.​ 6．The ____________ (unlock / unlocking) of nature’s secrets requires patience and wisdom.​ 7．His ____________ (believe / belief) in the value of amber research has never changed.​ 8．The ____________ (change / changeable) climate has a great impact on species evolution.​ 9．The ____________ (develop / development) of technology helps archaeologists study amber better.​ 10．A ____________ (research / researcher) from the university spent 5 years studying African amber.​ 【答案】：​ 1．discovery（解析：形容词 great 后接名词，discover 的名词形式为 discovery）​ 2．proof（解析：定冠词 the 后接名词，prove 的名词形式为 proof）​ 3．unknowns（解析：此处指 “未知事物”，用 unknown 的名词复数形式 unknowns）​ 4．understanding（解析：形容词性物主代词 her 后接名词，understand 的名词形式为 understanding） 5．effortful（解析：形容词修饰名词 task，effort 的形容词形式为 effortful）​ 6．unlocking（解析：定冠词 the 后接名词，unlock 的名词形式为 unlocking）​ 7．belief（解析：形容词性物主代词 his 后接名词，believe 的名词形式为 belief）​ 8．changeable（解析：形容词修饰名词 climate，change 的形容词形式为 changeable）​ 9．development（解析：定冠词 the 后接名词，develop 的名词形式为 development）​ 10．researcher（解析：不定冠词 a 后接可数名词单数，指 “研究者”，用 researcher）​ 三、选词填空（从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，每词限用一次） public, solution, exam, pocket, excuse, afford, disappointment, treat, pain, add​ 1．____________ me, could you tell me where the nearest hospital is?​ 2．The family couldn’t ____________ the expensive treatment for their sick child.​ 3．The team’s failure brought great ____________ to all their fans.​ 4．She searched her ____________ for the key but didn’t find it.​ 5．We need to find a ____________ to solve this environmental problem.​ 6．He made up an ____________ for being late to the meeting.​ 7．The ____________ was so difficult that many students failed.​ 8．Doctors did their best to reduce the patient’s ____________.​ 9．This park is open to the ____________ every day from 6 a.m. to 9 p.m.​ 10．Would you like to ____________ us to dinner tonight?​ 答案及解析：​ 1．Excuse（固定搭配 excuse me “打扰一下”，用于礼貌询问）​ 2．afford（情态动词 couldn’t 后接动词原形，afford “负担得起”，贴合 “承担不起昂贵治疗” 语境）​ 3．disappointment（形容词 great 后接名词，disappointment “失望”，表 “失败带来的失望”）​ 4．pocket（名词 pocket “口袋”，search one’s pocket “搜口袋”）​ 5．solution（不定冠词 a 后接名词，solution “解决方案”，与 “解决问题” 呼应）​ 6．excuse（不定冠词 an 后接元音音素开头的名词，excuse “借口”，make up an excuse “编造借口”）​ 7．exam（定冠词 the 后接名词，exam “考试”，贴合 “考试太难” 语境）​ 8．pain（名词 pain “疼痛”，reduce pain “减轻疼痛”）​ 9．public（固定搭配 open to the public “向公众开放”）​ 10．treat（would like to 后接动词原形，treat“招待；宴请”，treat sb to dinner “请某人吃饭”） Part 3: 语法突破 宾语从句（that/if/whether）语法详解+练习题 一、核心语法讲解 （一）宾语从句定义 宾语从句是在主句中作宾语的从句，通常由 that/if/whether 等连词引导，位于及物动词、介词或形容词后。 （二）that 的用法 1. 功能：引导陈述句作宾语从句，无实际含义（翻译时不译），仅起连接作用。 2. 省略规则：多数情况下可省略，以下情况建议保留： 0. 主句谓语动词为 say、explain、insist、order 等正式动词时； 0. 从句较长或有多个并列宾语从句时（第一个 that 可省，后面需保留）； 0. 主句与从句之间有插入语时。 3. 常见搭配：think、believe、know、say、tell、remind、find、hope、agree 等动词后。 4. 例句： a. She said (that) she would come on time.（她说她会准时来。） b. I know (that) he is honest and that he will help us.（我知道他诚实，也知道他会帮我们。） （三）if/whether 的用法 1. 功能：引导一般疑问句作宾语从句，译为 “是否”，有实际含义。 2. 互换情况：多数语境下可互换，常见搭配动词 / 形容词：ask、wonder、want to know、be sure、be certain、doubt 等。 3. 只能用 whether 的 3 种情况： a. 从句中有 or not 或 or...or...（选择疑问）； b. 作介词（如 about、on、depends on）的宾语； c. 后接不定式（to do）。 4. 例句： a. I don’t know if/whether he will attend the meeting.（我不知道他是否会参加会议。） b. She asked me whether I liked tea or coffee.（她问我喜欢茶还是咖啡。—— 有 or，用 whether） c. It depends on whether we have enough time.（这取决于我们是否有足够时间。—— 介词后，用 whether） d. He hasn’t decided whether to go abroad.（他还没决定是否出国。—— 接不定式，用 whether） （四）宾语从句通用规则 1. 语序：无论原句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句一律用陈述句语序（主语 + 谓语，不可倒装）。 a. 错误：Could you tell me where is the bank? b. 正确：Could you tell me where the bank is? 2. 时态呼应： a. 主句为一般现在时 / 一般将来时，从句时态根据实际情况而定； b. 主句为一般过去时，从句需用相应过去时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）； c. 从句表示客观真理、事实时，时态不变（仍用一般现在时）。 d. 例句：He said (that) the earth goes around the sun.（他说地球绕着太阳转。—— 客观真理，用一般现在时） 二、练习题 基础题（用 that/if/whether 填空，可重复使用） 1．I think ____________ he is right. 2．She asked me ____________ I had seen her key. 3．The teacher told us ____________ the exam would be easy. 4．Could you tell me ____________ the library opens at 8 a.m.? 5．He wonders ____________ he can finish the work today. 6．My mother reminded me ____________ I should take an umbrella. 7．No one is sure ____________ the rain will stop this afternoon. 8．They agreed ____________ they would support our plan. 进阶题（选择合适连词，重点区分 whether 的特殊用法） 9．I’m not sure ____________ I should accept the invitation or not. 10．The success of the project depends on ____________ we can get enough funding. 11．She doesn’t know ____________ to choose the red dress or the blue one. 12．He asked me ____________ the film was interesting. 13．I believe ____________ practice makes perfect and ____________ hard work pays off. 14．We discussed ____________ we should go by train or by plane. 15．The manager is thinking about ____________ we need to hire more staff. 【答案】基础题答案 1．that（think 后接陈述句，用 that） 2．if/whether（asked 后接疑问，表 “是否见过”） 3．that（told 后接客观信息，用 that） 4．if/whether（礼貌询问 “是否开门”） 5．if/whether（wonders 后接疑问，表 “是否能完成”） 6．that（reminded 后接陈述观点，用 that） 7．if/whether（sure 后接疑问，表 “是否会停雨”） 8．that（agreed 后接陈述事实，用 that） 进阶题答案 9．whether（有 or not，只能用 whether） 10．whether（介词 on 后，只能用 whether） 11．whether（接不定式 to choose，只能用 whether） 12．if/whether（asked 后接疑问，无特殊限制，可互换） 13．that；that（并列宾语从句，第二个 that 保留） 14．whether（有 or，只能用 whether） 15．whether（介词 about 后，只能用 whether） Part 4: 当堂检测 一、从文本核心词汇中选择合适单词填空，注意词形变化。​ 1. People used to think dinosaurs were huge __________ (蜥蜴).​ 2. A piece of __________ (琥珀) from Southeast Asia proved dinosaurs had feathers.​ 3. This plant __________ (不再) grows in Northern Europe.​ 4. Scientists have discovered over 300 __________ (未知的) species in amber.​ 5. We need to __________ (投入更多精力) into amber research.​ 6. Amber can help us __________ (揭开) more secrets of ancient life.​ 7. The __________ (发现) of the new ant species surprised everyone.​ 8. This idea is now __________ (被完全理解) by most scientists.​ 9. __________ (随着时间的推移), species on earth have changed a lot.​ 10. People’s __________ (观点) about dinosaurs have changed greatly.​ 【答案】​ 1. 2. lizards​ 3. amber​ 4. no longer​ 5. unknown​ 6. put more effort​ 7. unlock​ 8. discovery​ 9. fully understood​ 10. Over time​ 11. beliefs​ 12. 二、语法变形填空（用所给词的适当形式填空）​ 1. Scientists __________ (discover) a dinosaur tail in amber in 2016.​ 2. The new species is a great __________ (find) for the research team.​ 3. It’s hard __________ (prove) that all dinosaurs had feathers.​ 4. People used __________ (believe) that dinosaurs were cold-blooded.​ 5. This theory is not __________ (full) understood yet.​ 6. The __________ (develop) of technology helps study amber better.​ 7. We should put more effort into __________ (research) ancient species.​ 8. The __________ (discover) of amber fossils changed our views on dinosaurs.​ 9. He wants __________ (unlock) the secrets hidden in the amber.​ 10. More than 300 unknown species __________ (find) in amber so far.​ 【答案​】 1. 2. discovered​ 3. finding​ 4. to prove​ 5. to believe​ 6. fully​ 7. development​ 8. researching​ 9. discovery​ 10. to unlock​ 11. have been found 三、完形填空 （25-26八年级上·湖南长沙·月考）阅读下面的短文，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Growing up in Sichuan, Li Rong likes exploring nature and wildlife. For this 1 , she chose to study wildlife conservation (保护) at college. In 2019, when Li learned the Shenshuping giant panda base (神树坪大熊猫基地) needed keepers, she believed it was time to 2 her dream. She asked for the job without a second thought. Now, Li works at the giant panda base. She finds the job both interesting and 3 . “Although it’s tiring sometimes, it brings me 4 . Spending time with the pandas makes me feel great,” Li said. 5 pandas often takes much time and energy. Every day, Li needs to clean the pandas’ living space, prepare food, and 6 how each panda is doing. At first, Li 7 all pandas were similar. After becoming a keeper, she found that they are quite 8 from each other. Baby pandas are 9 and more playful than adult pandas. Li must keep an eye on them. “Pandas are like my friends. When I talk with them, they always respond (回应),” Li said. For Li, the past six years is 10 the beginning. She will keep growing with her panda friends. 1．A．problem B．victory C．reason 2．A．realize B．change C．forget 3．A．strange B．common C．meaningful 4．A．worries B．happiness C．luck 5．A．Taking care of B．Looking for C．Hanging out with 6．A．create B．decide C．record 7．A．planned B．reminded C．thought 8．A．alike B．different C．special 9．A．livelier B．quieter C．heavier 10．A．never B．just C．almost 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．A 6．C 7．C 8．B 9．A 10．B 【导语】本文讲述李荣因热爱自然选择野生动物保护专业，并成为熊猫饲养员的故事，体现她对工作的热爱与感悟。 1．句意：出于这个原因，她选择在大学学习野生动物保护。 problem问题；victory胜利；reason原因。根据“likes exploring nature”可知这是选择专业的原因。故选C。 2．句意：2019年，当李得知神树坪大熊猫基地需要饲养员时，她认为是时候实现自己的梦想了。 realize实现；change改变；forget忘记。根据“her dream”和“She asked for the job”可知是实现梦想。故选A。 3．句意：她发现这份工作既有趣又有意义。 strange奇怪的；common普通的；meaningful有意义的。与“interesting”并列，且根据后文“Spending time with the pandas makes me feel great”可知，这份工作是有意义的。故选C。 4．句意：虽然有时很累，但它带给我快乐。 worries担忧；happiness快乐；luck运气。根据“Spending time with the pandas makes me feel great”可知，这份工作带来了快乐。故选B。 5．句意：照顾熊猫需要大量时间和精力。 Taking care of照顾；Looking for寻找；Hanging out with闲逛。根据后文“Every day, Li needs to clean the pandas’ living space, prepare food, and ...”可知，清洁、喂食等属于照料职责。故选A。 6．句意：每天，李需要清理熊猫的生活空间，准备食物，并记录每只熊猫的情况。 create创造；decide决定；record记录。根据“... how each panda is doing”可知，饲养员需记录熊猫的日常情况。故选C。 7．句意：起初，李以为所有熊猫都一样。 planned计划；reminded提醒；thought认为。后文“she found that ...”转折说明此前是主观想法。故选C。 8．句意：成为一名饲养员后，她发现它们彼此之间有很大的不同。 alike相似的；different不同的；special特殊的。根据后文“Baby pandas are ... and more playful than adult pandas.”可知，幼崽与成年熊猫不同。故选B。 9．句意：幼崽比成年熊猫更活泼、更爱玩。 livelier更活泼的；quieter更安静的；heavier更重的。此处是与“more playful”呼应，强调活力。故选A。 10．句意：对李来说，过去六年仅仅是开始。 never从不；just仅仅；almost几乎。根据后文“She will keep growing with her panda friends.”可知，这六年仅仅是开始，未来会继续和熊猫一起。故选B。 四、语法填空 （25-26九年级上·福建三明·期中）阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Last month, our science teacher, Mrs. Lee said, “Let’s give nature a home here.” We started to turn 1 empty space into a community garden. Kids, parents and even grandparents joined 2 (we) when we brought tools, seeds, and lots of happy words. First, we 3 (clear) and pulled weeds (杂草). “This used to be a messy corner,” said Tom, my classmate. Then we planted grass, sunflowers, even a small apple tree and so on. “Plants are like 4 (baby),” Grandma Xu smiled, “They need love to grow!” Weeks later, something 5 (wonder) happened. Butterflies in orange and black danced over the flowers. A family of sparrows (麻雀) built a “house” in the apple tree. Every evening, neighbors stop by to chat while 6 (pick) fresh mint (薄荷) or cherry tomatoes. A dog often 7 (play) with a cute cat. “I used to watch TV after dinner,” said Grandma Xu, “Now I can’t wait 8 my roses to come out.” Nature isn’t far away—it’s in our 9 (hand). This little garden shows that when people work together, we can build a much 10 (good) home for plants, animals and people. 【答案】 1．an 2．us 3．cleared 4．babies 5．wonderful 6．picking 7．plays 8．for 9．hands 10．better 【导语】本文讲述了作者和老师、同学们将一块空地变成社区花园的故事，展现了人与自然和谐共处的美好画面，表达了当人们共同努力时，可以为植物、动物和人类建造一个更好的家园的观点。 1．句意：我们开始把一块空地变成一个社区花园。根据“empty space”可知，此处表示泛指一块空地，且empty以元音音素开头，因此用不定冠词“an”修饰。故填an。 2．句意：当我们带着工具、种子和许多欢声笑语时，孩子们、父母甚至祖父母都加入了我们。根据“joined”可知，此处作宾语，因此用“we”的宾格形式“us”。故填us。 3．句意：首先，我们清理并拔除了杂草。根据“and pulled”可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，因此用一般过去时，“clear”的过去式是“cleared”。故填cleared。 4．句意：植物就像婴儿一样。根据“Plants are like”可知，此处表示植物像婴儿，且植物不止一个，因此“baby”用复数形式“babies”。故填babies。 5．句意：几周后，奇妙的事情发生了。根据“something”和“happened”可知，此处需要一个形容词来修饰“something”，“wonder”的形容词形式是“wonderful”，表示“奇妙的”。故填wonderful。 6．句意：每天晚上，邻居们都会顺便过来聊天，同时采摘新鲜的薄荷或樱桃番茄。根据“while”可知，此处表示当邻居们采摘新鲜薄荷或樱桃番茄时，他们在聊天，“while”后接现在分词形式，因此“pick”用现在分词“picking”。故填picking。 7．句意：一只狗经常和一只可爱的猫玩耍。根据“often”可知，此处描述的是经常发生的事情，因此用一般现在时，主语“A dog”是第三人称单数，因此“play”用第三人称单数形式“plays”。故填plays。 8．句意：现在我迫不及待地想看到我的玫瑰盛开。根据“can’t wait”可知，此处表示迫不及待做某事，用固定搭配“can’t wait to do sth.”或“can’t wait for sth.”，根据“my roses to come out”可知，此处用“can’t wait for sth.”的结构。故填for。 9．句意：大自然并不遥远——它就在我们手中。根据“our”可知，此处表示我们的手，且手有两只，因此“hand”用复数形式“hands”。故填hands。 10．句意：这个小花园表明，当人们共同努力时，我们可以为植物、动物和人类建造一个更好的家园。根据“much”和“home”可知，此处需要一个形容词的比较级来修饰“home”，“good”的比较级是“better”，表示“更好的”。故填better。 五、任务型读写 （24-25九年级上·安徽合肥·期末）阅读下面短文，并用英语回答问题 （请注意每小题的词数要求）。 Bert found a lizard (蜥蜴) in the garden and saw it as his friend. He also gave it an interesting name, Funny. “Funny must feel bored,” Bert thought. Then he decided to make a racing track (赛道) with his toys so that they could have fun together. Bert took Funny into his house and started to make the racing track. Funny always tried to run away, so Bert put it in a box. However, Funny didn’t like the box because it was dark inside. It liked the sunshine. After Bert finished making the racing track, he took Funny out. “Now let’s have a competition and see who runs faster!” said Bert. Then Bert found something strange. Funny did not run. And its eyes were not open any more. At that time, Bert knew he was wrong. He didn’t care about his friend Funny’s feelings! A true friend should not do that. “Funny should live in nature. There are flowers, sunshine and trees. It will be happier there!” he said. Then Bert put Funny back into the garden. He was happy that Funny’s eyes opened again! 1．Where did Bert put Funny to stop it running away? (不超过5个词) 2．How might Funny feel after he went back to the garden? (不超过5个词) 3．What can we learn from the story? (不超过10个词) 【答案】1．In a box. 2．Funny might feel happy. 3．We should care about our friends’ feelings. 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述Bert将花园里的蜥蜴当作朋友，因忽略其感受导致蜥蜴状态变差，最终将它放回自然的故事，传达了“真正的朋友要在意对方感受”的道理。 1．根据文章第3段“so Bert put it in a box.”可知，Bert把蜥蜴放在盒子里阻止它逃跑。故填In a box. 2．根据文章最后一段“‘Funny should live in nature... It will be happier there!’ he said. He was happy that Funny’s eyes opened again!”可知，蜥蜴回到花园后会感到开心。故填Funny might feel happy. 3．根据文章最后一段“A true friend should not do that.”及前文Bert忽略蜥蜴感受的情节，可知故事告诉我们“真正的朋友要在意彼此的感受”。故填We should care about our friends’ feelings. 六、短文还原 （25-26八年级上·河南许昌·期中）The giant panda is a national treasure of China. Chinese people love it and they also love bamboo—the animal’s favorite food. China grows the most bamboo in the world. 1 The history of Chinese people planting and using bamboo goes back about 7,000 years. Bamboo has a very long history in China. Chinese people have used bamboo in many ways. For example, the plant was once an important building material (材料) in China. 2 Even today, we can find some such buildings around us. In the past, people also made bamboo into rafts (竹筏) to get across rivers and lakes or go fishing. 3 In the past, before Chinese people had paper to use, they used bamboo as “paper” to write on. What’s more, Chinese people have used this plant to make food, play music and so on. 4 Chinese people believe that bamboo is a symbol (象征) of good personality. It grows straight (挺直的) and tall. It can stand bad weather. And its green color is a good example of elegance (雅致). 5 Su Shi, a famous writer of the Song Dynasty, wrote in his poem, “I would rather (宁愿) eat no meat than live without bamboo.” Do you love bamboo? 根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使文章意思通顺、内容完整。 A．Bamboo also has a special place in Chinese culture. B．That’s why it has the name—Kingdom of Bamboo. C．People used it to build houses, bridges and so on. D．So, Chinese people love bamboo very much. E．Today, in some places, it’s still possible for us to take a ride on a bamboo raft. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．E 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了竹子在中国的重要性、用途及其文化象征意义等。 1．根据“China grows the most bamboo in the world.”可知，中国竹子在世界产量最高，选项B“这就是它被称为‘竹之国’的原因”属于前文的因果结论，符合语境。故选B。 2．根据“For example, the plant was once an important building material in China.”可知，设空处应介绍竹子的建筑用途，选项C“人们用它来建造房屋、桥梁等”符合语境。故选C。 3．根据“In the past, people also made bamboo into rafts to get across rivers and lakes or go fishing.”可知，前文讲述了过去竹筏的用途，选项E“如今，在某些地方，我们仍然可以乘坐竹筏”与其构成现在与过去的时间逻辑对比，符合语境。故选E。 4．根据“Chinese people believe that bamboo is a symbol of good personality.”可知，此处需引出后文对竹子精神品质的具体描述，使内容从竹子的用途转向竹子的文化象征，选项A“竹子在中国文化中也占有特殊的地位”符合语境。故选A。 5．根据“And its green color is a good example of elegance...Su Shi, a famous writer of the Song Dynasty, wrote in his poem...”可知，前文描述了竹子的美好品格，选项D“所以，中国人都非常喜欢竹子”进行总结，引出中国人对竹子的喜爱，与后文苏轼的诗句形成呼应，符合语境。故选D。 七、阅读理解 （24-25七年级上·山东滨州·期末）①Trees are important to us. They do a lot for us, our environment (环境) and animals. ②Trees help to keep the air clean and make us healthy. They take in dirty air and give clean air to us. Go for a walk in the park in the morning, and you can feel how nice it is to be with many trees and clean air. ③Trees also give us many kinds of beautiful flowers and delicious fruits such as apples and oranges. Trees give homes to different insects, birds and other animals. Even the sap (汁液) of trees is useful as food for insects. ④________ We can use them in many ways. But we are hurting (伤害) them and they can’t grow back quickly. We cut down trees to make paper, desks and chairs. Also, we sometimes clear (清空) the forest to make space to build houses, shops and so on. Clearing the forest is bad. Many animals lose (失去) their homes because of this. ⑤It is time for us to stop hurting our great friends—trees. Use less paper and join tree-planting activities. All of us can do something for our dear friends! 1．How do trees help us stay healthy? A．They share their sap. B．They clean the air. C．They make us enjoy flowers. D．They give us delicious fruits. 2．Which of the following is the best for “________”? A．Trees are very useful. B．Trees grow slowly. C．Not all trees are big. D．Planting trees is easy. 3．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．Making paper. B．Making desks and chairs. C．Clearing the forest. D．Building houses and shops. 4．What is the structure of the passage? (①=Paragraph 1, ②=Paragraph 2...) A．①②/③/④⑤ B．①②/③/④/⑤ C．①/②/③④/⑤ D．①/②③/④/⑤ 5．The writer wrote the passage mainly to _______. A．teach us how to make use of trees B．tell us not to hurt trees C．ask us not to make space for buildings D．show us how to make friends with animals 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了树木对人类、环境和动物的重要性，以及人类对树木的伤害和应该采取的保护措施。 1．细节理解题。根据“Trees help to keep the air clean and make us healthy.”可知，树木有助于保持空气清洁，使我们健康。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据“We can use them in many ways.”可知，此处讲述的是树木的用途，选项A“树木非常有用。”符合语境。故选A。 3．词句猜测题。根据“Clearing the forest is bad. Many animals lose (失去) their homes because of this.”可知，砍伐森林是不好的，许多动物因此失去了家园。“this”指代的是“清空森林”这件事。故选C。 4．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，本文第一段总述树木的重要性；第二、三段分述树木的益处；第四段讲述人们对树的伤害；第五段是呼吁人们善待树。正确结构是①/②③/④/⑤。故选D。 5．主旨大意题。通读全文并根据“It is time for us to stop hurting our great friends—trees. Use less paper and join tree-planting activities. All of us can do something for our dear friends!”可知，本文主要讲述了树木对人类、环境和动物的重要性，并呼吁人们不要伤害树木。即本文主要告诉我们不要伤害树木。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $