2026年初中英语作文热点素材 part 19 科普与风俗 讲义

该初中英语讲义聚焦中考作文科普与风俗核心话题，覆盖中外文化对比、生活现象说明等常考考点，以“词汇积累-句型运用-篇章构建”为架构，通过炫词酷句梳理、范文解析、主题段落示例等环节，帮助学生突破写作素材匮乏、逻辑不连贯等难点，体现复习的系统性与针对性。 亮点在于融合语言能力与文化意识培养，如通过中英学生差异对比素材，引导学生运用“however”等转折连词构建逻辑，设计“主题词汇分类-酷句仿写-篇章创作”三步训练，提升思维品质。分层提供开头句、中间句、结尾句素材，适配不同水平学生，教师可据此精准规划复习进度，助力学生高效提升写作应考能力。

初中英语作文热点素材 part 19 科普与风俗 A Speech about Differences between the English Students and the Chinese Students Hello, everyone! I'm glad to be here to talk about some differences between the English students and the Chinese students. In England students go to school by bike or on school bus. After school, they usually clean up the garden and look after the pets. What's more, they have to make pocket money by working in spare time. However, in China, students often go to school in their parents' cars. They spend most of their time on study after school and hardly do chores at home. Also, parents provide students with their pocket money. Different countries have different cultures. I think we should study hard, but we should practice living skills at the same time. 炫词 difference差别 look after照顾 pocket money零花钱 spare time空闲时间 however可是 do chores做家务 provide提供 culture文化 practice练习；锻炼 酷句 I think we should study hard, but we should practice living skills at the same time. 我认为我们应该努力学习，但同时我们也应该锻炼生存技巧。 （we should study hard，but we should practice living skills at the same time是宾语从句，作think的宾语，其中连词but使语气发生转折，前后句连贯。） 译文 关于中国学生和英国学生的不同的演讲 大家好！我很高兴在这里谈论中国学生和英国学生的一些不同。 在英国，学生们骑自行车或乘学校公共汽车去上学。放学后，他们通常整理花园照顾宠物。而且，他们不得不在空余时间通过劳动挣零花钱。可是，在中国，学生经常坐父母的车去学校。放学后他们在学习上花费很多的时间，在家几乎不做家务。而且，父母给学生提供零花钱。 不同的国家有不同的文化。我认为我们应该努力学习，但是同时我们也应该锻炼生存技巧。 Similarities and Differences between City Life and Country Life Dear Daniel, I'm very happy that you are coming to Jiangxi to spend your summer holiday. There are some similarities and differences between city life and country life. Both in the city and in the country, people's life is getting better and better. They pay more and more attention to keeping fit. However, there are some differences. In the city people go to supermarkets to buy what they need. They eat at home or in restaurants. They live in apartments and travel around by car or bus. After work, they go to cinemas, clubs or parks to relax themselves. In the country, people grow vegetables and rice by themselves, and ride motorbikes or bicycles to go around. In their spare time, they would like to visit their neighbors or watch TV at home. As for me, I prefer to live in the city because there are more places to enjoy myself. I often go to libraries, bookstores and science museums, where I can learn much about the world. I am looking forward to meeting you! Best wishes! Li Hua 炫词 similarity类似 difference差别 pay attention to注意 more and more越来越 keep fit保持健康 apartment公寓 motorbike摩托车 bicycle自行车 as for至于 look forward to期待 酷句 I often go to libraries，bookstores and science museums，where I can learn much about the world. 我经常去图书馆、书店和科技馆，在那里我能学到很多关于这个世界的知识。 （where I can learn much about the world是非限制性定语从句。） 译文 城市生活和乡村生活的异同 亲爱的丹尼尔： 你要来江西过暑假，我感到很高兴。城市生活和乡村生活有一些相同点与不同点。无论在城市还是在乡村，人们的生活越变越好了。他们越来越注意保持健康。可是，也有一些不同。在城市，人们要去超市买他们需要的东西。他们在家吃饭或去饭馆。他们生活在公寓里，乘小汽车或公共汽车旅行。下班后，他们去电影院、俱乐部或公园放松自己。在乡村，人们亲自种菜和大米。他们骑摩托车或自行车四处转。在他们的空闲时间，他们愿意去邻居家串门或在家看电视。至于我，我更喜欢住在城市，因为有很多可以玩得高兴的地方。我经常去图书馆、书店和科技馆，在那里我能学到很多关于这个世界的知识。 我盼望着见到你！ 致以良好的祝愿！ 李华 Good news never go beyond the gate，while bad news spread far and wide. 好事不出门，坏事传千里。 好句 ∗开头句∗ 1.A frog is a small animal living in water and on land，which has four legs but no tail and is a cold-blooded animal. 青蛙是冷血动物。它有四条腿，无尾巴，水陆两栖。 2.The giant panda is known as the national treasure in China. Panda belongs to the cat family. 大熊猫被称为中国的“国宝”。大熊猫属于猫科。 3.Bamboo is a kind of common plant in the south of China. 竹子是中国南部很普通的一种植物。 4.Many people like watching TV. TV brings the outside world into people's homes. People say the world is smaller than before because of TV. 很多人喜欢看电视。电视把外面的世界带到了人们的家里。人们说因为电视，世界比以前小了。 5.As is known to all，science has brought many changes to our lives even to the whole society recent years. 我们都知道，近年来科学给我们的生活甚至整个社会带来了许多变化。 ∗中间句∗ 1.There is little vegetation in the area. 那地区植被很少。 2.Their enormous trunks measure as much as ten meters in diameter. 巨大树干的直径足有10米。 3.We plant the tomato seedlings in the fields in spring and take care of them carefully，giving them some special food and watering them when necessary. 春天，把番茄幼苗种在田里，小心地照料它们，适当地给它们施肥、浇水。 4.Some of the ripe grapes will be sent to the markets in the cities and some will be sent into a certain kind of houses where the grapes will be made into raisins，and then they will be easily kept and carried to all over the world. 有些成熟的葡萄将会被运到城市的集市上，有些被运到一种特定的房子里，在那里被制成葡萄干，它们很容易保存，被销往世界各地。 5.Do remember to press the earth slightly with your feet. 一定要记住用脚在泥土上轻轻压一压。 6.The oldest kind of computer is the abacus. It was used in China long time ago. 最古老的计算机是算盘。算盘很久以前在中国就被使用了。 7.In appearance，it has three simple and obvious parts：the main frame，the keyboard and the display which is also called the monitor. 从外观上看，它包括三个简单而分明的部分：主机、键盘和显示器。 8.A computer system is made up of software and hardware in the line of its working process. If we compare the hardware to a human body，then，the software would be the soul. 计算机执行程序时，组成计算系统的软件和硬件共同工作。如果我们把硬件比作人的躯体，那么，软件就相当于灵魂。 9.Computers can be used in doing business and science research work，in some large factories，and our daily life. 计算机可用于商业、科学研究、大工厂及我们日常生活。 10.Mr. Alexander is a world famous English linguist. He's written lots of books，including“New Concept English”，“Follow me”and so on. All these are well-known to us. 亚历山大先生是一位世界著名的英语语言学家。他写过许多书，包括«新概念英语»、«跟我学»等。所有这些书我们都非常熟悉。 11.As the world's largest developing country，China is more than proud of making its own contribution to human beings' outer space exploration. 作为世界上最大的发展中国家，中国为其对人类的空间探索做出自己的贡献而感到非常骄傲。 12.Meantime，it will turn out to be an important driving force for the country's economic and social development. 同时，这一事件将证明对中国的经济和社会发展起到重要的推动作用。 ∗结尾句∗ 1.People hope that pandas will return to the wild one day. 人们希望大熊猫有一天能够回到大自然。 2.The successful launch of Shenzhou X ushered in a new chapter in space history. 神舟十号宇宙飞船的成功发射，揭开了太空历史的新篇章。 好段 One Saturday afternoon, some boys were playing football on the grass. They enjoyed themselves very much. But before long, something happened. When the ball came to Lele, he kicked it hard. It flew away and fell into a hole under a big tree. The boys rushed over to get it, but they couldn't get the ball out. Just then Feifei had a good idea. He said, “Let me have a try. ”He left for a while and returned with a pail of water. He poured it into the hole, but the hole was deep. The boys got more pails of water and poured into the hole. The ball came up at last. 点评 本段叙述了一群聪明、可爱的男孩怎样从树洞里拿回他们的足球的故事，文章叙述清楚、结构完整。有些词语用得特别好，如before long，have a good idea，have a try，fall into等。 译文 一个星期六的下午，一些男孩正在草地上踢足球。他们玩得很高兴。可是过了不久，发生了一件事。当球滚到乐乐那儿时，他猛踢一脚，球踢飞了，滚进了一棵大树下的深洞里。 孩子们冲过去拿球，但是他们拿不出来。就在那时，飞飞想出一个好主意，他说：“让我试试。”他离开一会儿之后，提着一桶水回来了。他把水倒进洞里，但是洞太深。于是孩子们提来更多的水，倒进洞里。球最后浮上来了。 ∗∗∗∗∗ Fishes should be kept in a glass container which contains water and a layer of sand. Water plants should be put in it. When winter comes, the container should be put where it is warm. The water should be kept at the temperature of 20℃. The fishes should be fed regularly every day and the water should be changed once a week. 点评 作者详细说明了养鱼的方法。文中情态动词及被动语态用得非常好，表明了自己的观点，同时使用了状语从句和定语从句，使文章结构紧凑合理。 译文 鱼应该放在一个有水和沙土的玻璃容器里养，还应该在里面放些水生植物。当冬天来临时，应该把容器放到暖和的地方，水温也应保持在20℃左右。鱼儿应该每天准时喂食，每周换一次水。 ∗∗∗∗∗ I saw the plum blossom in full bloom. The blossom had long branches;some of them grew upward, while others hung down. The thin branches with blossoming flowers looked very beautiful. The plum blossom stood in the cold wind and seemed to smile at me. Yes, plum blossom, it faces the flying snow in the cold winter, fights with ice and frost, and blossoms to greet the warm and sunny spring. 点评 文章首先浓墨重写梅花的美丽，然后大力赞美梅花寒风傲骨的品格。文中“The plum blossom stood in the cold wind and seemed to smile at me. 和it faces the flying snow in the cold winter，fights with ice and frost，and blossoms to greet the warm and sunny spring. ”这几句话运用了拟人和比喻的手法，写出了梅花给人们的感受。 译文 我看见报春的梅花竞相开放。梅花的枝条很长，它们有的向上伸展，有的向下低垂，纤枝繁花，美丽多姿。寒风中的梅花仿佛在向我微笑。是呀，梅花，你在寒冷的冬天里迎飞雪，战冰霜，昂首怒放，为百花迎来风和日丽的春天。 ∗∗∗∗∗ The long stem of bamboo is hollow, so bamboo is light and strong. People use it to build houses and bridges over rivers, it can be used to make tables, chairs, baskets and many other things. Bamboo is also made into paper. The tender young shoots of bamboo are tasty, people like to eat them. Bamboo stands straightly between the sky and the earth. No one can bend its body easily. So we Chinese people often compare the brave and just man to bamboo. Bamboo stands for Chinese culture. It appears in pictures, books, poems and songs. 点评 本段介绍了竹子的用途。文中“Bamboo stands for Chinese culture. ”将竹子比喻成中国文化的代表。 译文 竹子长长的茎是空的，所以竹子很轻很结实。人们用它来建房子和在河上搭桥。竹子可以用来做桌子、椅子、篮子和许多其他东西。竹子也能用于造纸。鲜嫩的竹笋很可口，人们爱吃。 竹挺立在天地间，不易被弯曲，因此我们中国人经常把勇敢和正直的人比作竹子。竹代表中国文化。它们出现在画上、书中、诗中以及歌曲中。 ∗∗∗∗∗ As we all know, trees are very useful. First, trees provide us with wood and other products. Second, their roots can allow the rain to sink in and keep the soil, so they help to prevent droughts and floods. Trees can clean air and beautiful life. 点评 本段介绍了树的作用。用first，second等介绍，层次清晰。 译文 众所周知，树有很多用处。第一，树给我们提供了木材和其他一些产品。第二，它们的根能吸收雨水并能起固土作用，所以树木可以预防旱灾和水灾。同时树木还帮我们净化空气，美化生活。 ∗∗∗∗∗ All living things need air. Living things can't live without air. We can go without food or water for a few days. But we can't live for more than a few minutes without air. We take in air. When we are working or running, we need more air. When we are asleep, we need less air. We live in air, but we can not see it. 点评 本段介绍了空气的作用，文中运用了but连接表示转折的并列句和when引导的时间状语从句，使全文结构严谨。 译文 所有的生物都需要空气，没有空气生物就不能生存。没有水和食物，我们可以生存几天；但是没有空气，几分钟我们都无法生存。我们吸进空气。当我们工作或跑步时，需要较多空气。当我们睡着时，需要的空气会少一些。 我们生活在空气中，但我们看不见它。 ∗∗∗∗∗ Although one third of the world is covered with water, only three percent of the water is fresh. All the rest is salty. We cannot live without fresh water. If there was no fresh water, the plants and the animals would die. So you can see water is very important to us. Everyone should save water. 点评 作者运用“Although one third of the world is covered with water，only three percent of the water is fresh. All the rest is salty. ”和“If there was no fresh water，the plants and the animals would die. ”两方面说明了水的重要性，并号召大家节约用水。 译文 尽管世界的三分之一覆盖着水，但只有3%的水是淡水，所有其他的水都是咸的。离开了淡水，我们就不能生存。如果没有淡水，植物和动物将会死去。所以你应该明白水对于我们的重要性。每个人都应该节约用水。 ∗∗∗∗∗ Food is very important. Everyone needs to eat well if he or she wants to have a strong body. Our minds also need a kind of food. This kind of food is knowledge. We begin to get knowledge even when we are very young. Small children are interested in everything around them. They learn something while they are watching and listening. When they get older, they begin to read story books, science books. . . anything they like. When they find something new, they love to ask questions and try to find out answers. 点评 作者通过类比说明知识的重要性并告诉人们小孩是怎样学习的。 译文 食物很重要。如果想有一个强壮的身体，每个人都要吃好。我们的头脑也需要“食物”。这种“食物”就是知识。 当我们很小的时候就开始获得知识。儿童对他们周围的每一个事物都感兴趣。孩子们在看和听的过程中学习一些东西。当他们长大一些，他们开始读故事书、科学书……他们喜欢的任何东西。当他们发现新奇的东西时，他们喜欢提问题，并设法找到答案。 ∗∗∗∗∗ China's population is made up of 56 nationalities. Han people are the largest group in our country. The population of the other 55 minority groups is 96 million, which account for about eight percent of the total population in China. Minority groups in China have equal rights to vote. The government helps them in training, education and so on in order to improve their living standard. 点评 本段先介绍了我国人口的组成，后介绍了少数民族在中国的生活情况。文中运用了which引导的定语从句以及in order to引导的目的状语从句。叙述清晰，语言平实。 译文 中国由56个民族组成，其中汉族人口最多，其余55个少数民族共有9600万人，约占全国总人口数的8%。 我国的少数民族享有平等的选举权。为了提高少数民族的生活水平，政府在培训、教育等方面给予他们很大的帮助。 ∗∗∗∗∗ The USA, a developed country, lies in the central part of North America. North of it is Canada and south of it is Mexico. On the east of it lies the Atlantic Ocean while on the west of it lies the Pacific Ocean. The USA, which is made up of fifty states, has an area of 9. 36 million square kilometers with a population of over 300 million. The capital city of it is Washington, lying in the east of the country. 点评 本段介绍了美国的地理位置、人口、面积等，条理清晰、语言精炼。 译文 美国是一个发达国家，位于北美洲的中部。它的北面是加拿大，南面是墨西哥。东面是大西洋而西面是太平洋。美国是由50个州组成的，有936万平方千米的土地和三亿多人口。它的首都是华盛顿，位于美国东部。 ∗∗∗∗∗ However, every coin has two sides. There are still a majority of other people who believe that space exploration has more advantages, and I agree with those people. Many new products, such as weather and communication satellites, are also products of space programs, and they have benefited people all over the world. And what's more, scientific knowledge about outer space has been acquired by mankind. 点评 与前文相反，本段提出另一些人和自己的观点并加以论述。引用谚语起到承上启下的作用。 译文 然而，任何事物都具有两面性。仍有大多数人认为进行空间探索利大于弊，我也非常赞同他们的观点。许多新产品，如气象和通信卫星，都是空间研究的成果，使全球受益匪浅，而且人类从中获得了不少关于太空的知识。 ∗∗∗∗∗ Americans like to look at the other person in the eyes when they are talking. If you don't do so, it means you are unhappy, or are not interested. For Americans thumbs up means yes, very good or well done. Thumbs down means the opposite. To call a waiter, people put one hand above the head. It's all right to point at things but not at people with the hand and index finger. Americans shake their index finger at children when they scold them and put them on the head when they admire them. 点评 本段介绍了丰富的肢体语言，内容有趣。全文用词极为简练，语句表达也十分顺畅、自然，值得借鉴。 译文 美国人在和别人说话时，喜欢看着对方的眼睛。如果不看着对方的眼睛，那就意味着你不高兴或不感兴趣。 对美国人来说，竖起大拇指表示是的、很好，或干得漂亮。大拇指朝下则刚好相反。要招呼服务生，人们通常把一只手举过头。用手和食指指着东西没问题，但不要指着人。美国人责备孩子时，向他们摇动食指，赞赏孩子时，把食指放在头上。 ∗∗∗∗∗ Christmas Day, the birthday of Jesus Christ, is the most important festival in Britain and some other countries. On Christmas Eve, people usually tell their children to put their stockings at the end of their beds before they go to bed. Children believe Santa Claus(Father Christmas)will come during the night and fill their stockings with Christmas presents. In fact, Father Christmas is children's father. He dresses up in a red coat and waits until children fall asleep. Then he goes into children's bedrooms, and puts small presents in their stockings. When children are no longer young, they know who Father Christmas really is. Not only children but also their parents enjoy Christmas stockings. They also have stockings. Early on the morning of Christmas Day, children wake their parents up and say“Merry Christmas”. Then they help their parents open their stockings. 点评 本段介绍了圣诞节的由来和在圣诞节前夜和圣诞节的风俗等相关知识。 译文 圣诞节，耶稣基督的生日，是英国和其他一些国家最重大的节日。在平安夜（圣诞节前夕），人们通常告诉他们的孩子上床睡觉前都把袜子挂在床尾。孩子们相信圣诞老人在夜晚会来把礼物放入他们的袜子中。 事实上，圣诞老人是孩子们的父亲。爸爸穿上红色的衣服等着直到孩子们入睡。然后他走入孩子们的卧室，把小礼物放入他们的圣诞袜中。当孩子们不再是小孩子时，他们就知道真正的圣诞老人是谁了。不仅孩子们而且他们的父母亲也喜欢圣诞袜子。他们也有圣诞袜。在圣诞节的早上，孩子们叫醒父母，并说：“圣诞快乐！”然后他们帮他们的父母打开他们的圣诞袜。 ∗∗∗∗∗ Many people wait to eat free porridge in the Shaolin Temple early in the morning. The monks in the Shaolin Temple made much Laba porridge. They began to cook at 2:30 a. m. There are all kinds of things in the porridge, like beans, lilies, red dates. . . The porridge is very nice, and people enjoy it very much. Two French girls with blue eyes, say“Very good!”after they eat the porridge. They each have two bowls of porridge. That day about 1, 500 people had the free porridge. The Shaolin Temple will make free Laba porridge for people on every Laba Festival. 点评 本段介绍了少林寺在中国传统节日之一——腊八节免费施粥的情况。 译文 清晨很多人在少林寺等着喝免费粥。少林寺的僧人们做了很多腊八粥。他们凌晨两点半就开始煮粥了。粥里放了各种各样的美味，有豆类、百合、红枣等。这粥很好喝，人们都非常喜欢。长着两只蓝眼睛的法国女孩喝完粥后连声说“好”。她们每人各喝了两碗。 这一天有大约1500人品尝了这种免费粥。每年的腊八节少林寺都将为游客做这种腊八粥。 ∗∗∗∗∗ The Dragon, boat Festival is known as dragon-boat racing. Dragon-boat racing is the most popular activity during the festival, in South China. A dragon-boat looks like a dragon, and is painted in red, white, yellow or black. Usually, a dragon-boat is 20 to 40 metres long, and needs 20 people to row. Boatmen row the boat in cadence with the drumbeats, as the captain in the front of the boat waves a small flag to help coordinate the rowing. Dragon-boat racing is quite a spectacle. Now it becomes a popular activity in South China. International dragon-boat racing is held in Guangzhou and Hong Kong every year. 点评 本段介绍了中国传统节日之一——端午节的情况。文中动词短语be known as，enjoy oneself过得愉快用得很有特色。 译文 端午节因为有龙舟赛而为人所知，龙舟赛是端午节期间最受欢迎的活动，尤其在华南地区。龙舟像一条龙，被漆成红色、白色、黄色或黑色，通常一条龙舟有二十米到四十米长，需要二十个人划，划船的这些人伴着鼓点有节奏地划，同时船长站在船头挥舞小旗帮助划船的人统一动作。龙舟赛很壮观，现在它在华南地区成为一项流行的活动，国际龙舟赛每年在广州和香港举行。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $