第03讲 Unit 2 Growing Pains and Gains预习讲义2025-2026学年外研版英语八年级下册

第03讲 Unit 2 Growing Pains and Gains Part 1: 单词预习 英文 词性 中文 英文 词性 中文 pm / 下午 wrist n. 手腕 promise v./n. v. 许诺、保证、答应；n. 保证、承诺、诺言 policewoman n. 女警 tonight adv. （在）今晚 elderly adj. 年老的、渐老的 interrupt v. 打断；中断 plot n. 情节；要点 realise v. 知道、明白、认识到； lacy adj. 缀有蕾丝的 lamp n. 灯 sofa n. 长沙发 blouse n. 女衬衫 term n. 学期 pale adj. 苍白的 conversation n. 谈话、交谈 attach v. 系；绑；贴 disagreement n. 分歧、争论 Part 2:课文详解 Staring out 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 challenge__________ happiness__________ loss__________ learning__________ confidence__________ courage__________ failure__________ hope__________ risk__________ mistake__________ fear__________ responsibility__________ 更多精品资料关注公众号：读好书优学社 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Understanding ideas You just don’t get me! [Mum is sitting in the living room,worried.The clock reads10:27 pm.The son runs through the door,out of breath.] Son:(breathing quickly) I'm back... Mum:Look at the time! Do you remember your promise? Son:(in a low voice) Yes, I promised to be back before 9 tonight.But... Mum:(interrupting) A deal is a deal! The promise wasn't kept, so you can't stay out late next time. Son:Mum,please listen...I was heading back at 8:30. Mum: Then why are you late? Son:On my way back,I realised that my phone was at Jiacheng's house. I had to go back to get it. Mum:Why did it take that long to get your phone? Son: Halfway back,I noticed an old woman under a street lamp. She was wearing a thin blouse and it was cold. She looked pale. I asked her if she needed help.She said she was lost. Mum: So you sent her home? Son:No! She couldn't tell me her address. Mum:Then what did you do? Son:I checked and saw that a yellow band was attached to her wrist.It had her information on it. But I couldn't call her family without my phone. So I gave her my jacket and took her to the nearest police station.I waited with her until she was taken home by a policewoman. After that I ran to pick up my phone and came home Mum: Oh, what a night! I'm sorry for being cross with you. But why didn't you phone me from the police station? I was so worried! Son: Oh, I didn't think of that... Sorry,Mum...Mum: Now I understand. I'm very proud of you. 1. out of breath · 含义：喘不过气来；上气不接下气 · 搭配：be out of breath（喘不过气）、get out of breath（变得气喘吁吁）; hold one’s breath（屏住呼吸）​take a deep breath（深呼吸）​ · 拓展：breathe（v. 呼吸）→ 派生词：breathing（n. 呼吸；adj. 呼吸的）、breathe in（吸气）、breathe out（呼气）; breathless（adj. 喘不过气的；屏息的） · 例句：He ran all the way to home and was out of breath.（他一路跑回家，累得上气不接下气。） 2. promise to · 含义：承诺去做；答应做某事 · 搭配：promise to do sth.（承诺做某事）、promise sb. to do sth.（答应某人做某事） · 拓展：派生词：promise（n. 承诺）、promising（adj. 有希望的，有前途的）； 常见搭配：keep a promise（遵守承诺）、break a promise（违背承诺） · 例句：She promised to help me with my English homework.（她答应帮我辅导英语作业。） 3. interrupting · 含义：打断（别人的讲话或活动）；打扰 · 搭配：interrupting sb.（打断某人）、interrupting a conversation（打断谈话） · 拓展：动词原形：interrupt；派生词：interruption（n. 打扰，中断）； 常见句型：interrupt sb. to do sth.（打断某人去做某事） · 例句：He apologized for interrupting our meeting.（他为打断我们的会议而道歉。） 4. A deal is a deal! · 含义：一言为定！成交算数！（表示承诺或约定必须遵守） · 拓展：同义表达：That’s a deal!（就这么定了！）；It’s a deal.（成交！） · 例句：A deal is a deal! You said you’d go to the park with me this weekend.（一言为定！你说过这个周末要陪我去公园的。） 5. stay out late · 含义：在外面待到很晚 · 搭配：stay out late at night（晚上在外面待到很晚） · 拓展：相关短语：stay in（待在家里）、stay up late（熬夜）； · 例句：Her parents don’t let her stay out late on school nights.（上学日的晚上，她父母不让她在外面待到太晚。） 6. realise · 含义：意识到；认识到；实现 · 搭配：realise one’s mistake（意识到自己的错误）、realise a dream（实现梦想） · 拓展：派生词：realisation；常见句型：realise that + 从句（意识到……） · 例句：He didn’t realise how late it was until he saw the clock.（直到看到钟表，他才意识到已经这么晚了。） 7. Halfway back · 含义：在回来的半路上；返程途中到一半 · 搭配：halfway back home（在回家的半路上）、get halfway back（走到返程的一半） · 例句：Halfway back, it suddenly started to rain heavily.（在回来的半路上，天突然下起了大雨。） 8. I asked her if she needed help · 含义：我问她是否需要帮助 · 搭配：如 I asked her if she wanted a drink.（我问她要不要喝点东西）、I asked him if he could come.（我问他能不能来） · 例句：When she was carrying the heavy box, I asked her if she needed help.（当她搬重箱子的时候，我问她是否需要帮助。） 9. be lost · 含义：迷路；丢失；沉浸于 · 搭配：be lost in the forest（在森林里迷路）、be lost in thought（陷入沉思） · 拓展：动词原形：lose（丢失；迷路）；派生词：lost（adj. 迷路的；丢失的）、loss（n. 损失） · 例句：The little boy was lost and began to cry.（小男孩迷路了，开始哭起来。） 10. be attached to · 含义：喜爱；依恋；附属于 · 搭配：be attached to sb./sth.（依恋某人 / 某物）、be attached to a company（附属于某公司） · 拓展：动词原形：attach（附上；依恋）；派生词：attachment（n. 依恋；附件）；常见搭配：attach importance to sth.（重视某事） · 例句：She is deeply attached to her old teddy bear.（她非常依恋她的旧泰迪熊。） 11. pick up · 含义：捡起；拾起；接人；学会；（信号）接收 · 搭配：pick up a book（捡起一本书）、pick up sb. at the station（去车站接某人）、pick up English（学会英语） · 拓展：相关短语：pick out（挑选出；辨认出） · 例句：My father will pick me up after school.（我爸爸放学后会来接我。） 12. be sorry for · 含义：为…… 感到抱歉；为…… 感到难过 · 搭配：be sorry for one’s mistake（为自己的错误道歉）、be sorry for sb.（为某人感到难过） · 拓展：同义表达：apologize for（为…… 道歉） · 例句：He was sorry for being late to the meeting.（他为开会迟到而感到抱歉。） 13. be cross with · 含义：对…… 发脾气；对…… 生气 · 搭配：be cross with sb. for doing sth.（因某人做某事而生气） · 拓展：cross 此处为形容词；同义短语：be angry with（对…… 生气） · 例句：My mother was cross with me for staying out late.（我妈妈因为我在外待到很晚而生我的气。） Task 7-----p23 · take away：拿走；带走；外卖 · stay in touch with：与…… 保持联系 · at times：有时；偶尔；不时 · have a disagreement with：与…… 发生分歧；与…… 意见不合 · argue about：争论；争辩某事 【即学即用】 一、词汇变形 · promise（v./n. 许诺；承诺）→ ____________（adj. 有希望的；有前途的） · interrupt（v. 打断；中断）→ ____________（n. 打扰；中断）/____________（adj. 中断的） · realise（v. 意识到；实现）→ ____________（n. 意识到；实现） · breathe（v. 呼吸）→ ____________（n. 呼吸）/____________（adj. 喘不过气的） · lose（v. 丢失；迷路）→ ____________（adj. 迷路的；丢失的）/____________（n. 损失） · attach（v. 系；绑；贴）→ ____________（n. 依恋；附件）/____________（adj. 依恋的；附属的） · agree（v. 同意）→ ____________（n. 分歧；争论）（反义名词）/____________（adj. 不同意的） · argue（v. 争论；争辩）→ ____________（n. 争论；论点） · happy（adj. 高兴的）→ ____________（n. 幸福；快乐） · fail（v. 失败）→ ____________（n. 失败）（对应文本中 failure） · responsible（adj. 负责任的）→ ____________（n. 责任；职责） · confident（adj. 自信的）→ ____________（n. 自信；信心） · fear（v./n. 害怕；恐惧）→ ____________（adj. 害怕的；恐惧的） · risk（v./n. 冒险；风险）→ ____________（adj. 有风险的；危险的） 【答案】 1. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 · promising · interruption / interrupted · realisation · breath / breathless · lost / loss · attachment / attached · disagreement / disagreeable · argument · happiness · failure · responsibility · confidence · fearful / frightened · risky 更多精品资料关注公众号：读好书优学社 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 二、根据汉语意思填空 1. She promised to come back before 9, but she didn’t keep her ____________（承诺；诺言）.​ 2. The little boy was ____________（迷路的）and couldn’t find his way home.​ 3. Don’t ____________（打断）others when they are speaking—it’s impolite.​ 4. After running for 20 minutes, he was ____________（喘不过气来）.​ 5. A yellow band was ____________（附属于；系在）the old woman’s wrist with her information.​ 6. My mother was ____________（对…… 生气）me for staying out late last night.​ 7. We should ____________（保持联系）with our friends even after we graduate.​ 8. He didn’t ____________（意识到）his mistake until his teacher pointed it out.​ 9. They had a ____________（分歧；争论）about the travel plan, but they finally agreed.​ 10. I need to ____________（接）my sister from school at 5 o’clock this afternoon.​ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【答案】​ 1. promise​ 2. lost​ 3. interrupt​ 4. out of breath​ 5. attached to​ 6. cross with / angry with​ 7. stay in touch with / keep in touch with​ 8. realise / realize​ 9. disagreement​ 10. pick up 更多精品资料关注公众号：读好书优学社 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 Part 3: 语法突破 被动语态-2 一般过去时 一、一般过去时被动语态 1. 定义 表示 过去某个时间里主语被施加的动作（强调动作的承受者，而非执行者），常与明确的过去时间状语（如 yesterday, last night, just now 等）或上下文语境（如文本中的故事场景）搭配。 2. 核心结构 · 肯定句：主语 + was /were + 动词过去分词（V-ed）+ （by + 动作执行者） （注：by 短语表 “被谁做”，可省略；主语为单数 / 不可数用 was，复数用 were） · 否定句：主语 + was /were + not + 动词过去分词 + （by + 动作执行者） · 一般疑问句：Was / Were + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + （by + 动作执行者）？ 3. 关键要点 · 动词过去分词需准确变形（规则动词加 -ed，不规则动词需记忆，如 take → taken, attach → attached）； · 文本中的典型例句： → A yellow band was attached to her wrist.（一根黄色手环被系在她的手腕上。） → She was taken home by a policewoman.（她被一位女警送回了家。） 二、针对性练习 （一）用所给动词的适当形式（过去式被动语态）填空 1. The old woman’s information ____________（write）on the yellow band. 1. The lost child ____________（find）by a kind man in the park yesterday. 1. A new sofa ____________（put）in the living room last week. 1. The meeting ____________（interrupt）by a sudden phone call. 1. Many books ____________（take away）from the library by the students. 【答案】was written was found was put was interrupted were taken away （二）将下列主动语态句子改为过去式被动语态 1. A policewoman took the elderly woman home. → The elderly woman ____________ by a policewoman. 1. He attached the yellow band to her wrist. → The yellow band ____________ to her wrist by him. 1. My mother kept the promise. → The promise ____________ by my mother. 【答案】 was taken home was attached was kept （三）根据汉语意思完成句子 1. 那盏旧灯昨天被修好了。→ The old lamp ____________ yesterday. 1. 他们的分歧被友好地解决了。→ Their disagreement ____________ in a friendly way. 【答案】was repaired was solved Part 4: 当堂检测 一、语法填空（用所给词的适当形式填空，或根据语境填入合适的词） 1. The young man is very ____________（promise）—he has great plans for his future. 1. We apologized for the ____________（interrupt）of the meeting due to technical problems. 1. After climbing the mountain, she felt ____________（breath）and needed to rest for a while. 1. The ____________（lose）of his phone made him very anxious because it had important information. 1. She has a deep ____________（attach）to her hometown and visits it every year. 1. There was a ____________（disagree）between the two teams about the game rules. 1. The yellow band ____________（attach）to the old woman’s wrist yesterday by a nurse. 1. The meeting ____________（interrupt）by a sudden noise just now, so it was put off. 1. Her ____________（happy）was obvious when she heard the good news. 1. He spoke with ____________（confident）and convinced everyone of his idea. 【答案】promising interruption breathless loss attachment disagreement was attached was interrupted happiness confidence 二、选词填空（从方框中选择合适的词，并用其适当形式填空，每词限用一次） promise, interrupt, realise, lose, attach, cross, disagree, breathe, pick up, stay out late 1. He ____________ his mistake after his mother talked to him patiently. 1. Don’t ____________ others when they are having a conversation—it’s rude. 1. The little girl ____________ her way in the shopping mall and cried for help. 1. My father ____________ to take me to the zoo this weekend, and he kept his word. 1. A name tag was ____________ to each student’s schoolbag. 1. She was ____________ with her brother for breaking her favourite cup. 1. They ____________ about the movie choice, but finally decided to watch a comedy. 1. After running up the stairs, she was ____________ heavily and could hardly speak. 1. My parents don’t allow me to ____________ on school nights. 1. Could you please ____________ my bag on your way to the office? 【答案】realised interrupt lost promised attached cross disagreed breathing stay out late pick up 三、根据汉语意思填空（用短文 / 词汇表中的核心短语或词汇填空） 1. She didn’t keep her ____________（承诺；诺言）to come back early. 1. The elderly man was ____________（迷路的）and couldn’t find his home. 1. We should ____________（保持联系）with our relatives even if we live far away. 1. After the long run, he was ____________（喘不过气来）and sat down to rest. 1. My mother was ____________（对…… 生气）me for forgetting her birthday. 1. They had a ____________（分歧；争论）about the travel plan, but soon reached an agreement. 1. I need to ____________（接）my sister from the train station at 6 p.m. 1. The old lamp ____________（修好）by my grandfather yesterday.（用核心词汇 “repair” 的适当形式，结合一般过去时被动语态） 1. Don’t ____________（熬夜）too late, or you’ll feel tired tomorrow. 1. He ____________（意识到）he had left his phone at his friend’s house halfway back home. 【答案】promise lost stay in touch with / keep in touch with out of breath cross with / angry with disagreement pick up was repaired stay up late realised 四、完形填空 （2024秋•漳州期末） Pete hated losing a lot.Winning was like sunshine to him，and he never wanted to lose that （1）　 　 feeling.Losing，in Pete's book，was just about the worst thing ever. Then，a new kid named Albert came to Pete's school.Albert was good at playing table soccer，and Pete couldn't help but （2）　 　 him to play a game.Albert accepted the invitation gladly.Pete took it very seriously，but how about Albert？He was as cool as a cucumber（黄瓜）.Pete really wanted to win，so he played some （3）　 　 and won the game in the end.But Albert didn't seem to care.He just said，"It was （4）　 　 .We should play again sometime." （5）　 　 at school talked about Pete's win，but that night，Pete didn't feel the joy he hoped for.On the other side，Albert didn't seem to be （6）　 　 by the loss at all.He just loved playing，no matter he won or lost. For the next few days，Pete watched Albert （7）　 　 .He found that Albert was good at some things （8）　 　 not so good at others.However，Albert always enjoyed whatever he was doing.Then Pete suddenly had an idea that one can have fun without （9）　 　 winning or losing.It's all about （10）　 　 the game itself and doing your best.That is the right way to live life. （1） A.hard B.warm C.deep （2） A.teach B.order C.invite （3） A.songs B.jokes C.tricks （4） A.fun B.rapid C.difficult （5） A.Anybody B.Everybody C.Nobody （6） A.troubled B.amazed C.satisfied （7） A.carefully B.politely C.angrily （8） A.or B.so C.but （9） A.laughing at B.worrying about C.waiting for （10） A.enjoying B.winning C.watching 【答案】BCCAB AACBA 【解答】（1）考查形容词。句意：获胜对他来说就像阳光，他从来不想失去那种温暖的感觉。hard艰难的；warm温暖的；deep深沉的。根据Winning was like sunshine to him（获胜对他而言如同阳光）可知，获胜像阳光，对应的感觉是温暖的。故选B。 （2）考查动词。句意：阿尔伯特很擅长踢桌上足球，皮特忍不住邀请他来一场比赛。teach教；order命令；invite邀请。根据Albert accepted the invitation gladly.（阿尔伯特欣然接受了邀请。）可知，此处指邀请对方比赛。故选C。 （3）考查名词。句意：皮特真的很想赢，所以他耍了一些花招，最终赢得了比赛。songs歌曲；jokes笑话；tricks花招。根据Pete really wanted to win，so he played some...and won the game in the end.（皮特真的很想赢，所以他耍了一些……，最终赢得了比赛。）可知，此处应是说皮特为了赢他用了小手段。故选C。 （4）考查形容词。句意：那很有趣。我们之后应该再玩一次。fun有趣的；rapid快速的；difficult困难的。根据We should play again sometime.（我们应该找个时间再玩一次。）可知，阿尔伯特后面还想玩，说明他觉得这场比赛是有趣的。故选A。 （5）考查复合不定代词。句意：学校里的每个人都在谈论皮特的胜利，但那天晚上，皮特并没有感受到他期望的喜悦。Anybody任何人；Everybody每个人；Nobody没有人。根据...at school talked about Pete's win，but that night，Pete didn't feel the joy he hoped for.（学校里的……都在谈论皮特的胜利，但那天晚上，皮特并没有感受到他期望的喜悦。）可知，后句是转折，前句应是指学校里的人都在讨论这场胜利，Everybody符合语境。故选B。 （6）考查形容词。句意：另一方面，阿尔伯特似乎完全没有被失败困扰。troubled困扰；amazed惊讶；satisfied满意。根据He just loved playing，no matter he won or lost.（无论输赢，他都喜欢打球。）可知，阿尔伯特不介意输赢，所以不会被失败困扰。故选A。 （7）考查副词。句意：在接下来的几天里，皮特仔细地观察着艾伯特。carefully仔细地；politely礼貌地；angrily生气地。根据Pete watched Albert....He found that Albert was good at some things（皮特仔细地观察着艾伯特。他发现阿尔伯特在某些方面很擅长）可知，要发现对方的特点需要仔细观察。故选A。 （8）考查连词。句意：他发现艾伯特擅长一些事情但不擅长其他事情。or或者；so所以；but但是。根据He found that Albert was good at some things...not so good at others.（他发现艾伯特擅长一些事情……不擅长其他事情。）可知，good at some things（擅长一些事）和not so good at others（不擅长其他事情）是转折关系，应用but连接。故选C。 （9）考查动词短语。句意：然后皮特突然意识到，一个人可以享受乐趣而不用担心输赢。laughing at嘲笑；worrying about担心；waiting for等待。根据前文皮特在意输赢的表现，结合阿尔伯特的态度，此处应是指不用为输赢焦虑。故选B。 （10）考查动名词。句意：关键在于享受比赛本身，并且尽自己最大的努力。enjoying享受；winning赢得；watching观看。根据It's all about...the game itself and doing your best.（关键在于……比赛本身，并且尽自己最大的努力。）可知，此处指重视过程、享受比赛，enjoying符合语境。故选A。 五、语法填空 17．（2025春•长兴县期中）Wang Yani was born in 1975.Even as a baby she loved to draw.Her father was（1）　 　 artist.Yani wanted to be like him.So she tried（2）　 　 （stand） like her father as he painted，which made him laugh. One day，Yani（3）　 　 （paint） lines on her father's painting when her father came home.He got angry.At that time，she was only two and a half years old.She cried and said， "I want to paint like you!" Her father looked at her （4）　 　 saying anything.He（5）　 （clear） remembered his childhood.He also wanted to draw and paint.But his parents didn't understand.They just got angry.He didn't want to see the same thing happen to his daughter.So he decided to help her.With her （6）　 　 （father） help，Yani soon made progress.Her（7）　 　 （line） became flowers，trees，and animals. Her father （8）　 　 （take） her to parks and zoos to get ideas for her paintings.Her paintings were so special that people loved（9）　 　 she painted.When she was eight，one of her paintings was made into a Chinese stamp. Her works were shown in different countries in Asia，Europe and North America，（10）　 　 her parents never sold her paintings.She is well﹣known to the world，and art is still a great joy in her life. 六、任务型读写 （2025春•杨浦区校级期末）Answer the questions（根据短文内容回答下列问题） I grew up in the 1980s and started losing my sight at eight because of Stargardt disease.My eyesight got worse every few months.School became really hard，and I often felt I was disappointing my parents. My mother tried her best to help me.Every evening，she helped me review my schoolwork.She also met with my teachers to ask for their support because I couldn't see well.It took a lot of her time，but she never complained. At that time，most teachers didn't know how to help a student with poor eyesight.All they could do was give me bigger workbooks and let me sit at the front of the class. My social life was hard，too.I couldn't join many games.A popular game then was called zero﹣point，where kids jumped over a rope that got higher each time.I usually failed because I couldn't see the rope clearly.So，others didn't want me on their team. Because of this，I often felt left out.I started to wonder who I really was.I hadn't accepted my bad eyesight，and I just wanted to fit in.I tried to dress like the "cool kids" to feel included. When I was 12，I made a poor choice.My mother was away，and I wore her high heels to meet my classmates.We went to a beauty salon.I had my nails painted and got a face makeover.My friends said I looked great.I felt proud. We went to a nearby restaurant for lunch，and to my surprise，my father was there too.When he saw me walking in unsteadily in high heels，he looked very shocked.He took me home，told me to wash up，and sent me to my room. Later，my mother calmly explained that my look wasn't right for my age.She said that both she and my father were worried I wasn't being true to myself and suggested that I make choices that truly suited me.I was upset，but I understood and learned something important that day. （1）How old was the writer when she started losing her sight？ 　 　 （2）What did teachers do to help the writer at school？ 　 　 （3）What challenges did the writer have because of her poor eyesight？ She had problems with 　 　 and 　 　 . （4）What question did the writer ask herself when she felt left out？ I asked myself， "　 　 ？" （5）How did the writer's father feel when he saw her at a restaurant？ （One word for each blank） He was 　 　 and 　 　 . （6）What important lesson do you think the writer learned that day？ 　 　 七、短文还原 （2024秋•城阳区期末） About once a year，someone in my family gets the flu，and soon everyone catches it.（1）　 　 . But there's another thing that can spread in a family even more often；moods.Studies show it's as easy to catch a bad mood from someone as it is to get the flu from him. I always find it hard to control my mood.Small things like my favorite sports team losing would make me upset.And my bad mood would spread to everyone around me. （2）　 　 .Our bad moods can make others talk about their own bad experiences，making things even worse. （3）　 　 .We all have bad days at school or find out bad news.It's natural to be unhappy sometimes.But the worst thing we do is bring our bad moods home to our loved ones.Bad moods，even small ones，can make a big difference. （4）　 　 .Positivity（积极乐观），on the other hand，can create positivity.When someone is positive，he can make everyone's heart lift. （5）　 　 .It feels great to be a little sun around your friends and family! 根据短文内容，从下列选项中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项，其中有一项多余选项。 A.Life can be difficult B.Here's how it works C.They can bring everyone down D.It's something many families go through E.So control what you can and spread good feelings F.It's impossible to control how our moods influence others 【答案】DBACE 【解答】（1）细节推理题。根据上文About once a year，someone in my family gets the flu，and soon everyone catches it.（大约每年一次，我家里有人感染流感，很快每个人都会感染）可知，此处是说流感是许多家庭要经历的。选项D"这是许多家庭都会经历的事情"符合语境。故选D。 （2）细节推理题。根据上文And my bad mood would spread to everyone around me. （我的坏心情会蔓延到我周围的每个人。）可知，此处是强调坏情绪是如何传播的。选项B"这是它的工作原理"符合语境。故选B。 （3）细节推理题。根据下文We all have bad days at school or find out bad news.（我们在学校都有糟糕的日子，或者发现坏消息。）可知，此处是描述生活可能很艰难。选项A"生活可能很艰难"是对这些情况的总起，符合语境逻辑。故选A。 （4）细节推理题。根据上文But the worst thing we do is bring our bad moods home to our loved ones.（但我们做的最糟糕的事情就是把我们的坏情绪带回家给我们的亲人。）和下文Positivity，on the other hand，can create positivity.（另一方面，积极乐观可以创造积极性。）可知，此处是说坏心情的负面影响—让所有人都情绪低落，与后文"积极乐观则会带来相反效果"形成对比。选项C"它们让所有人都情绪低落"符合语境。故选C。 （5）细节推理题。根据上文When someone is positive，he can make everyone's heart lift.（当一个人积极的时候，他可以让每个人的心都振奋起来。）可知，此处是总结建议，呼吁控制情绪、传播美好感受，作为结尾贴合主旨。选项E"所以，尽你所能控制自己，传播良好的感觉"符合语境。故选E。 八、阅读理解 （2024秋•无棣县期末）When my daughter Ann was in the third grade，she came to me with a problem after school. "Mom，Lucy is angry with me!" she said. "She wants me to be her best friend，but I can't make friends with others.Could you help me talk with her？" I looked at her for a moment.I wondered how I should help her.Suddenly an idea came to me. I took two baskets from the living room and said， "My dear，when everyone is born，he or she has a little basket.This little basket is yours and the big one is mine.You can see your little basket is inside mine.When you were born，there were many things in it.I put the things in my basket because you were too young.As you grew older and began to do something by yourself，I placed a few things back in your basket.When you learned to dress yourself，the things began to go into your basket." "I can dress myself，" Ann said in a low voice. "Right.As you grow up，you must do more and more things by yourself，" I said to her with a smile.Then I took her basket out of mine and handed it to her. "You will finally carry your own basket and go on with your life." Ann looked up at me and said， "I understand，Mom.I have to do some things by myself because they are in my basket." （1）What was Ann's problem？ 　 　 A．She didn't have any friends. B．She didn't like her school life. C．Her friend got angry with her. D．Her mother cared too much about her. （2）What does the underlined word "it" refer to in paragraph 2？ 　 　 A．The age. B．The idea. C．The big basket. D．The little basket. （3）Why did the writer use two baskets when she talked to Ann？ 　 　 A．To show people's growth. B．To show people's gifts and interests. C．To show the problems people meet with. D．To show the friendship between two people. （4）We can infer（推断）that Ann 　 　 . A．would ask her teacher for help B．would talk with Lucy by herself C．would try to know more about Lucy D．would let her mother talk with Lucy （5）According to the text，we can know the writer is 　 　 . A．careful B．serious C．clever D．hard﹣working 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $第03讲 Unit 2 Growing Pains and Gains Part 1: 单词预习 英文 词性 中文 英文 词性 中文 pm / 下午 wrist n. 手腕 promise v./n. v. 许诺、保证、答应；n. 保证、承诺、诺言 policewoman n. 女警 tonight adv. （在）今晚 elderly adj. 年老的、渐老的 interrupt v. 打断；中断 plot n. 情节；要点 realise v. 知道、明白、认识到； lacy adj. 缀有蕾丝的 lamp n. 灯 sofa n. 长沙发 blouse n. 女衬衫 term n. 学期 pale adj. 苍白的 conversation n. 谈话、交谈 attach v. 系；绑；贴 disagreement n. 分歧、争论 Part 2:课文详解 Staring out challenge__________ happiness__________ loss__________ learning__________ confidence__________ courage__________ failure__________ hope__________ risk__________ mistake__________ fear__________ responsibility__________ Understanding ideas You just don’t get me! [Mum is sitting in the living room,worried.The clock reads10:27 pm.The son runs through the door,out of breath.] Son:(breathing quickly) I'm back... Mum:Look at the time! Do you remember your promise? Son:(in a low voice) Yes, I promised to be back before 9 tonight.But... Mum:(interrupting) A deal is a deal! The promise wasn't kept, so you can't stay out late next time. Son:Mum,please listen...I was heading back at 8:30. Mum: Then why are you late? Son:On my way back,I realised that my phone was at Jiacheng's house. I had to go back to get it. Mum:Why did it take that long to get your phone? Son: Halfway back,I noticed an old woman under a street lamp. She was wearing a thin blouse and it was cold. She looked pale. I asked her if she needed help.She said she was lost. Mum: So you sent her home? Son:No! She couldn't tell me her address. Mum:Then what did you do? Son:I checked and saw that a yellow band was attached to her wrist.It had her information on it. But I couldn't call her family without my phone. So I gave her my jacket and took her to the nearest police station.I waited with her until she was taken home by a policewoman. After that I ran to pick up my phone and came home Mum: Oh, what a night! I'm sorry for being cross with you. But why didn't you phone me from the police station? I was so worried! Son: Oh, I didn't think of that... Sorry,Mum...Mum: Now I understand. I'm very proud of you. 1. out of breath · 含义：__________ · 搭配：be out of breath（__________）、get out of breath（变得气喘吁吁）; hold one’s breath（__________）​take a deep breath（__________）​ · 拓展：breathe（v. 呼吸）→ 派生词：breathing（n. 呼吸；adj. 呼吸的）、breathe in（__________）、breathe out（__________）; breathless（adj. __________） · 例句：He ran all the way to home and was out of breath. 2. promise to · 含义：__________ · 搭配：promise to do sth.（__________）、promise sb. to do sth.（__________） · 拓展：派生词：promise（n. __________）、promising（adj. __________）； 常见搭配：keep a promise（__________）、break a promise（__________） · 例句：She promised to help me with my English homework. 3. interrupting · 含义：__________ · 搭配：interrupting sb.（打断某人）、interrupting a conversation（打断谈话） · 拓展：动词原形：interrupt；派生词：interruption（n. __________）； 常见句型：interrupt sb. to do sth.（__________） · 例句：He apologized for interrupting our meeting. 4. A deal is a deal! · 含义：__________（表示承诺或约定必须遵守） · 拓展：同义表达：That’s a deal!（就这么定了！）；It’s a deal.（成交！） · 例句：A deal is a deal! You said you’d go to the park with me this weekend. 5. stay out late · 含义：__________ · 搭配：stay out late at night（__________） · 拓展：相关短语：stay in（__________）、stay up late（__________）； · 例句：Her parents don’t let her stay out late on school nights. 6. realise · 含义：__________ · 搭配：realise one’s mistake（__________）、realise a dream（__________） · 拓展：派生词：realisation；常见句型：realise that + 从句（意识到……） · 例句：He didn’t realise how late it was until he saw the clock.（直到看到钟表，他才意识到已经这么晚了。） 7. Halfway back · 含义：__________ · 搭配：halfway back home（在回家的半路上）、get halfway back（走到返程的一半） · 例句：Halfway back, it suddenly started to rain heavily. 8. I asked her if she needed help · 含义：__________ · 搭配：如 I asked her if she wanted a drink.（我问她要不要喝点东西）、I asked him if he could come.（我问他能不能来） · 例句：When she was carrying the heavy box, I asked her if she needed help. 9. be lost · 含义：__________ · 搭配：be lost in the forest（__________）、be lost in thought（__________） · 拓展：动词原形：lose（丢失；迷路）；派生词：lost（adj. __________）、loss（n.__________） · 例句：The little boy was lost and began to cry. 10. be attached to · 含义：__________ · 搭配：be attached to sb./sth.（__________）、be attached to a company（__________） · 拓展：动词原形：attach（附上；依恋）；派生词：attachment（n. __________）；常见搭配：attach importance to sth.（__________） · 例句：She is deeply attached to her old teddy bear. 11. pick up · 含义：__________；拾起；__________；学会；（信号）接收 · 搭配：pick up a book（__________）、pick up sb. at the station（__________）、pick up English（学会英语） · 拓展：相关短语：pick out（__________） · 例句：My father will pick me up after school. 12. be sorry for · 含义：__________ · 搭配：be sorry for one’s mistake（为自己的错误道歉）、be sorry for sb.（为某人感到难过） · 拓展：同义表达：apologize for（__________） · 例句：He was sorry for being late to the meeting. 13. be cross with · 含义：__________ · 搭配：be cross with sb. for doing sth.（__________） · 拓展：cross 此处为形容词；同义短语：be angry with（__________） · 例句：My mother was cross with me for staying out late. Task 7-----p23 · take away：__________ · stay in touch with：__________ · at times：__________ · have a disagreement with：__________ · argue about：__________ 【即学即用】 一、词汇变形 · promise（v./n. 许诺；承诺）→ ____________（adj. 有希望的；有前途的） · interrupt（v. 打断；中断）→ ____________（n. 打扰；中断）/____________（adj. 中断的） · realise（v. 意识到；实现）→ ____________（n. 意识到；实现） · breathe（v. 呼吸）→ ____________（n. 呼吸）/____________（adj. 喘不过气的） · lose（v. 丢失；迷路）→ ____________（adj. 迷路的；丢失的）/____________（n. 损失） · attach（v. 系；绑；贴）→ ____________（n. 依恋；附件）/____________（adj. 依恋的；附属的） · agree（v. 同意）→ ____________（n. 分歧；争论）（反义名词）/____________（adj. 不同意的） · argue（v. 争论；争辩）→ ____________（n. 争论；论点） · happy（adj. 高兴的）→ ____________（n. 幸福；快乐） · fail（v. 失败）→ ____________（n. 失败）（对应文本中 failure） · responsible（adj. 负责任的）→ ____________（n. 责任；职责） · confident（adj. 自信的）→ ____________（n. 自信；信心） · fear（v./n. 害怕；恐惧）→ ____________（adj. 害怕的；恐惧的） · risk（v./n. 冒险；风险）→ ____________（adj. 有风险的；危险的） 二、根据汉语意思填空 1. She promised to come back before 9, but she didn’t keep her ____________（承诺；诺言）.​ 2. The little boy was ____________（迷路的）and couldn’t find his way home.​ 3. Don’t ____________（打断）others when they are speaking—it’s impolite.​ 4. After running for 20 minutes, he was ____________（喘不过气来）.​ 5. A yellow band was ____________（附属于；系在）the old woman’s wrist with her information.​ 6. My mother was ____________（对…… 生气）me for staying out late last night.​ 7. We should ____________（保持联系）with our friends even after we graduate.​ 8. He didn’t ____________（意识到）his mistake until his teacher pointed it out.​ 9. They had a ____________（分歧；争论）about the travel plan, but they finally agreed.​ 10. I need to ____________（接）my sister from school at 5 o’clock this afternoon.​ Part 3: 语法突破 被动语态-2 一般过去时 一、一般过去时被动语态 1. 定义 表示 过去某个时间里主语被施加的动作（强调动作的承受者，而非执行者），常与明确的过去时间状语（如 yesterday, last night, just now 等）或上下文语境（如文本中的故事场景）搭配。 2. 核心结构 · 肯定句：主语 + was /were + 动词过去分词（V-ed）+ （by + 动作执行者） （注：by 短语表 “被谁做”，可省略；主语为单数 / 不可数用 was，复数用 were） · 否定句：主语 + was /were + not + 动词过去分词 + （by + 动作执行者） · 一般疑问句：Was / Were + 主语 + 动词过去分词 + （by + 动作执行者）？ 3. 关键要点 · 动词过去分词需准确变形（规则动词加 -ed，不规则动词需记忆，如 take → taken, attach → attached）； · 文本中的典型例句： → A yellow band was attached to her wrist.（一根黄色手环被系在她的手腕上。） → She was taken home by a policewoman.（她被一位女警送回了家。） 二、针对性练习 （一）用所给动词的适当形式（过去式被动语态）填空 1. The old woman’s information ____________（write）on the yellow band. 1. The lost child ____________（find）by a kind man in the park yesterday. 1. A new sofa ____________（put）in the living room last week. 1. The meeting ____________（interrupt）by a sudden phone call. 1. Many books ____________（take away）from the library by the students. （二）将下列主动语态句子改为过去式被动语态 1. A policewoman took the elderly woman home. → The elderly woman ____________ by a policewoman. 1. He attached the yellow band to her wrist. → The yellow band ____________ to her wrist by him. 1. My mother kept the promise. → The promise ____________ by my mother. （三）根据汉语意思完成句子 1. 那盏旧灯昨天被修好了。→ The old lamp ____________ yesterday. 1. 他们的分歧被友好地解决了。→ Their disagreement ____________ in a friendly way. Part 4: 当堂检测 一、语法填空（用所给词的适当形式填空，或根据语境填入合适的词） 1. The young man is very ____________（promise）—he has great plans for his future. 1. We apologized for the ____________（interrupt）of the meeting due to technical problems. 1. After climbing the mountain, she felt ____________（breath）and needed to rest for a while. 1. The ____________（lose）of his phone made him very anxious because it had important information. 1. She has a deep ____________（attach）to her hometown and visits it every year. 1. There was a ____________（disagree）between the two teams about the game rules. 1. The yellow band ____________（attach）to the old woman’s wrist yesterday by a nurse. 1. The meeting ____________（interrupt）by a sudden noise just now, so it was put off. 1. Her ____________（happy）was obvious when she heard the good news. 1. He spoke with ____________（confident）and convinced everyone of his idea. 二、选词填空（从方框中选择合适的词，并用其适当形式填空，每词限用一次） promise, interrupt, realise, lose, attach, cross, disagree, breathe, pick up, stay out late 1. He ____________ his mistake after his mother talked to him patiently. 1. Don’t ____________ others when they are having a conversation—it’s rude. 1. The little girl ____________ her way in the shopping mall and cried for help. 1. My father ____________ to take me to the zoo this weekend, and he kept his word. 1. A name tag was ____________ to each student’s schoolbag. 1. She was ____________ with her brother for breaking her favourite cup. 1. They ____________ about the movie choice, but finally decided to watch a comedy. 1. After running up the stairs, she was ____________ heavily and could hardly speak. 1. My parents don’t allow me to ____________ on school nights. 1. Could you please ____________ my bag on your way to the office? 三、根据汉语意思填空（用短文 / 词汇表中的核心短语或词汇填空） 1. She didn’t keep her ____________（承诺；诺言）to come back early. 1. The elderly man was ____________（迷路的）and couldn’t find his home. 1. We should ____________（保持联系）with our relatives even if we live far away. 1. After the long run, he was ____________（喘不过气来）and sat down to rest. 1. My mother was ____________（对…… 生气）me for forgetting her birthday. 1. They had a ____________（分歧；争论）about the travel plan, but soon reached an agreement. 1. I need to ____________（接）my sister from the train station at 6 p.m. 1. The old lamp ____________（修好）by my grandfather yesterday.（用核心词汇 “repair” 的适当形式，结合一般过去时被动语态） 1. Don’t ____________（熬夜）too late, or you’ll feel tired tomorrow. 1. He ____________（意识到）he had left his phone at his friend’s house halfway back home. 四、完形填空 （2024秋•漳州期末） Pete hated losing a lot.Winning was like sunshine to him，and he never wanted to lose that （1）　 　 feeling.Losing，in Pete's book，was just about the worst thing ever. Then，a new kid named Albert came to Pete's school.Albert was good at playing table soccer，and Pete couldn't help but （2）　 　 him to play a game.Albert accepted the invitation gladly.Pete took it very seriously，but how about Albert？He was as cool as a cucumber（黄瓜）.Pete really wanted to win，so he played some （3）　 　 and won the game in the end.But Albert didn't seem to care.He just said，"It was （4）　 　 .We should play again sometime." （5）　 　 at school talked about Pete's win，but that night，Pete didn't feel the joy he hoped for.On the other side，Albert didn't seem to be （6）　 　 by the loss at all.He just loved playing，no matter he won or lost. For the next few days，Pete watched Albert （7）　 　 .He found that Albert was good at some things （8）　 　 not so good at others.However，Albert always enjoyed whatever he was doing.Then Pete suddenly had an idea that one can have fun without （9）　 　 winning or losing.It's all about （10）　 　 the game itself and doing your best.That is the right way to live life. （1） A.hard B.warm C.deep （2） A.teach B.order C.invite （3） A.songs B.jokes C.tricks （4） A.fun B.rapid C.difficult （5） A.Anybody B.Everybody C.Nobody （6） A.troubled B.amazed C.satisfied （7） A.carefully B.politely C.angrily （8） A.or B.so C.but （9） A.laughing at B.worrying about C.waiting for （10） A.enjoying B.winning C.watching 五、语法填空 （2025春•长兴县期中）Wang Yani was born in 1975.Even as a baby she loved to draw.Her father was（1） 　 　 artist.Yani wanted to be like him.So she tried（2）　 　 （stand） like her father as he painted，which made him laugh. One day，Yani（3）　 　 （paint） lines on her father's painting when her father came home.He got angry.At that time，she was only two and a half years old.She cried and said， "I want to paint like you!" Her father looked at her （4）　 　 saying anything.He（5）　 　 （clear） remembered his childhood.He also wanted to draw and paint.But his parents didn't understand.They just got angry.He didn't want to see the same thing happen to his daughter.So he decided to help her.With her（6）　 　 （father） help，Yani soon made progress.Her（7）　 　 （line） became flowers，trees，and animals. Her father （8）　 　 （take） her to parks and zoos to get ideas for her paintings.Her paintings were so special that people loved（9）　 　 she painted.When she was eight，one of her paintings was made into a Chinese stamp. Her works were shown in different countries in Asia，Europe and North America， （10）　 　 her parents never sold her paintings.She is well﹣known to the world，and art is still a great joy in her life. 六、任务型读写 （2025春•杨浦区校级期末）Answer the questions（根据短文内容回答下列问题） I grew up in the 1980s and started losing my sight at eight because of Stargardt disease.My eyesight got worse every few months.School became really hard，and I often felt I was disappointing my parents. My mother tried her best to help me.Every evening，she helped me review my schoolwork.She also met with my teachers to ask for their support because I couldn't see well.It took a lot of her time，but she never complained. At that time，most teachers didn't know how to help a student with poor eyesight.All they could do was give me bigger workbooks and let me sit at the front of the class. My social life was hard，too.I couldn't join many games.A popular game then was called zero﹣point，where kids jumped over a rope that got higher each time.I usually failed because I couldn't see the rope clearly.So，others didn't want me on their team. Because of this，I often felt left out.I started to wonder who I really was.I hadn't accepted my bad eyesight，and I just wanted to fit in.I tried to dress like the "cool kids" to feel included. When I was 12，I made a poor choice.My mother was away，and I wore her high heels to meet my classmates.We went to a beauty salon.I had my nails painted and got a face makeover.My friends said I looked great.I felt proud. We went to a nearby restaurant for lunch，and to my surprise，my father was there too.When he saw me walking in unsteadily in high heels，he looked very shocked.He took me home，told me to wash up，and sent me to my room. Later，my mother calmly explained that my look wasn't right for my age.She said that both she and my father were worried I wasn't being true to myself and suggested that I make choices that truly suited me.I was upset，but I understood and learned something important that day. （1）How old was the writer when she started losing her sight？ 　 　 （2）What did teachers do to help the writer at school？ 　 　 （3）What challenges did the writer have because of her poor eyesight？ She had problems with 　 　 and 　 　 . （4）What question did the writer ask herself when she felt left out？ I asked myself， "　 　 ？" （5）How did the writer's father feel when he saw her at a restaurant？ （One word for each blank） He was 　 　 and 　 　 . （6）What important lesson do you think the writer learned that day？ 　 　 七、短文还原 （2024秋•城阳区期末） About once a year，someone in my family gets the flu，and soon everyone catches it.（1）　 　 . But there's another thing that can spread in a family even more often；moods.Studies show it's as easy to catch a bad mood from someone as it is to get the flu from him. I always find it hard to control my mood.Small things like my favorite sports team losing would make me upset.And my bad mood would spread to everyone around me. （2）　 　 .Our bad moods can make others talk about their own bad experiences，making things even worse. （3）　 　 .We all have bad days at school or find out bad news.It's natural to be unhappy sometimes.But the worst thing we do is bring our bad moods home to our loved ones.Bad moods，even small ones，can make a big difference. （4）　 　 .Positivity（积极乐观），on the other hand，can create positivity.When someone is positive，he can make everyone's heart lift. （5）　 　 .It feels great to be a little sun around your friends and family! 根据短文内容，从下列选项中选出能填入文中空白处的最佳选项，其中有一项多余选项。 A.Life can be difficult B.Here's how it works C.They can bring everyone down D.It's something many families go through E.So control what you can and spread good feelings F.It's impossible to control how our moods influence others 八、阅读理解 （2024秋•无棣县期末）When my daughter Ann was in the third grade，she came to me with a problem after school. "Mom，Lucy is angry with me!" she said. "She wants me to be her best friend，but I can't make friends with others.Could you help me talk with her？" I looked at her for a moment.I wondered how I should help her.Suddenly an idea came to me. I took two baskets from the living room and said， "My dear，when everyone is born，he or she has a little basket.This little basket is yours and the big one is mine.You can see your little basket is inside mine.When you were born，there were many things in it.I put the things in my basket because you were too young.As you grew older and began to do something by yourself，I placed a few things back in your basket.When you learned to dress yourself，the things began to go into your basket." "I can dress myself，" Ann said in a low voice. "Right.As you grow up，you must do more and more things by yourself，" I said to her with a smile.Then I took her basket out of mine and handed it to her. "You will finally carry your own basket and go on with your life." Ann looked up at me and said， "I understand，Mom.I have to do some things by myself because they are in my basket." （1）What was Ann's problem？ 　 　 A．She didn't have any friends. B．She didn't like her school life. C．Her friend got angry with her. D．Her mother cared too much about her. （2）What does the underlined word "it" refer to in paragraph 2？ 　 　 A．The age. B．The idea. C．The big basket. D．The little basket. （3）Why did the writer use two baskets when she talked to Ann？ 　 　 A．To show people's growth. B．To show people's gifts and interests. C．To show the problems people meet with. D．To show the friendship between two people. （4）We can infer（推断）that Ann 　 　 . A．would ask her teacher for help B．would talk with Lucy by herself C．would try to know more about Lucy D．would let her mother talk with Lucy （5）According to the text，we can know the writer is 　 　 . A．careful B．serious C．clever D．hard﹣working 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $