Unit 2 Great inventions and discoveries 语法填空10篇（单元话题：发明与创造）-2025-2026学年八年级英语下学期单元重难点易错题精练（沪教版（五四学制））

Unit 2 Great inventions and discoveries 语法填空10篇 内容导航 单元话题 基础语篇练习 重难语篇练习 单元话题聚焦 发明与创造 基础语篇练习 稳扎稳打 必拿分数：聚焦稳拿分数题目，确保基础分值 重难语篇练习 突破瓶颈 争夺高分：聚焦高难度题目，争夺关键分数 基础语篇练习 阅读下列短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词，或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 What do you expect at this time of year in Northeast China? Terrible winds, heavy snow and slippery roads are common. Since early November, many students have shared 1 (they) challenging experiences online. 2 , things are different at Harbin Institute of Technology. Students move 3 (comfortable) between classrooms, libraries, dining halls, dormitories (宿舍), and even the gym in T-shirts, all within five 4 (minute) walk. Some students even eat ice cream while enjoying the snowy scenery along the way. They can do all these because 5 the newly built skybridges. The university 6 (begin) building the skybridges in 2022. With a total length of 1,330.13 meters, the skybridges were built in three steps. On November 7th, the 7 (two) part of the walkway system was put into use. Now, 881.81 meters of skywalks are in use. In addition to 8 (connect) different school buildings, the skybridges as the school’s new landmark will also serve different functions in 9 future. The skybridges have become popular on the Internet so far. All the students think the skybridges are 10 (use). One wrote, “In the past, I never wanted to go out in the cold winter unless the sun shines brightly. Now thanks to the skywalks, I can wear light clothes even in below-zero temperatures.” 【答案】 1．their 2．However 3．comfortably 4．minutes’ 5．of 6．began 7．second 8．connecting 9．the 10．useful 【导语】本文主要介绍了哈尔滨工业大学新建的天桥系统，以及这些天桥给学生带来的便利和功能。 1．句意：自11月初以来，许多学生在网上分享了他们具有挑战性的经历。空处修饰名词experiences，用形容词性物主代词their“他们的”。故填their。 2．句意：然而，哈尔滨工业大学的情况却有所不同。空前后是转折关系，且空后有逗号，用However。故填However。 3．句意：学生们穿着T恤在教室、图书馆、餐厅、宿舍甚至健身房之间舒适地移动，所有这些都在步行5分钟内。空处修饰动词，用副词形式comfortably“舒适地”。故填comfortably。 4．句意：学生们穿着T恤在教室、图书馆、餐厅、宿舍甚至健身房之间舒适地移动，所有这些都在步行5分钟内。five后跟名词复数形式，且修饰名词walk，用复数名词的所有格。故填minutes’。 5．句意：他们能做到这些是因为新建的天桥。because of“因为”，后跟名词短语。故填of。 6．句意：这所大学于2022年开始建造天桥。根据“in 2022”可知，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式began。故填began。 7．句意：11月7日，步行系统的第二部分投入使用。根据“the ... part”可知，是指第二部分，用序数词second“第二”。故填second。 8．句意：天桥作为学校的新地标，除了连接不同的校舍外，未来还将发挥不同的功能。根据“In addition to”可知，to是介词，后跟动名词。故填connecting。 9．句意：天桥作为学校的新地标，除了连接不同的校舍外，未来还将发挥不同的功能。in the future“在未来”，固定短语。故填the。 10．句意：所有学生都认为天桥很有用。根据“are”可知，空处用形容词useful“有用的”，作表语。故填useful。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Guide dogs are important to blind people. However, not everyone is lucky enough to have 1 life helper. There are about 20 million blind people in our country, 2 there are just over 400 guide dogs. A blind person has to wait 3 a long time to get a guide dog. Also, it is very expensive to train a guide dog. So not all the blind people have 4 (they) own guide dogs. Last year a team from Shanghai Jiao Tong University 5 (build) a robot guide dog to help blind people. The robot dog has six legs and is very smart. It can see, listen and speak. Now the blind people can get a guide dog 6 (easy) than before. Some people think it might be 7 (danger) for the blind to use the robot guide dog. The head of the team believes there is no need to worry about it for the following 8 (reason). First, with six legs, the robot dog can walk smoothly. Second, users can ask the robot 9 (walk) slowly or quickly. What’s more, the robot can read traffic lights and avoid obstacles (规避障碍). The team believes 10 the blind have robot guide dogs, they will live a better life in the future. 【答案】 1．a 2．but 3．for 4．their 5．built 6．more easily 7．dangerous 8．reasons 9．to walk 10．if 【导语】本文主要介绍了导盲犬对盲人的重要性，同时指出我国盲人数量多但导盲犬数量极少、训练成本高的现状。随后讲述上海交通大学的团队研发出了六足机器人导盲犬，这种智能设备能解决传统导盲犬的短缺问题，还说明了机器人导盲犬的安全性和优势，展望它能让盲人未来的生活变得更好。 1．句意：然而，并不是每个人都足够幸运，能拥有一个生活帮手。根据“not everyone is lucky enough to have...life helper.”可知，此处需要不定冠词修饰可数名词单数helper；life发音以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a，表泛指“一个生活帮手”。故填a。 2．句意：我国约有2000万盲人，但是导盲犬仅有400多只。根据“There are about 20 million blind people in our country...there are just over 400 guide dogs.”可知，前半句“我国约有2000万盲人”，后半句“导盲犬仅有400多只”，前后是转折关系，用连词but。故填but。 3．句意：盲人需要等待很长时间才能得到一只导盲犬。根据“A blind person has to wait...a long time to get a guide dog.”可知，wait for表示“等待”，wait for a long time“等待很长时间”。故填for。 4．句意：所以并不是所有盲人都有他们自己的导盲犬。根据“So not all the blind people have...own guide dogs.”可知，形容词性物主代词修饰名词短语own guide dogs；they的形容词性物主代词是their。故填their。 5．句意：去年，上海交通大学的一个团队研发了一款机器人导盲犬来帮助盲人。根据“Last year”可知，Last year是一般过去时的标志，动词build的过去式是built。故填built。 6．句意：现在，盲人可以比以前更容易地获得导盲犬了。根据“than before”可知，副词修饰动词get；easy的副词形式是easily，结合than before可知用比较级more easily。故填more easily。 7．句意：有些人认为，盲人使用机器人导盲犬可能是危险的。根据“Some people think it might be...for the blind to use the robot guide dog.”可知，it is+形容词+for sb. to do sth.表示“对某人来说做某事是……的”；danger的形容词形式是dangerous。故填dangerous。 8．句意：该团队的负责人认为，基于以下原因，没有必要对此感到担忧。根据“The head of the team believes there is no need to worry about it for the following...”可知，后文列举了三条原因，following后接可数名词复数；reason的复数形式是reasons。故填reasons。 9．句意：其次，使用者可以要求机器人慢走或快走。ask sb./sth. to do sth.表示“要求某人/某物做某事”，不定式作宾语补足语。故填to walk。 10．句意：该团队认为，如果盲人拥有了机器人导盲犬，他们未来会过上更好的生活。根据“The team believes...the blind have robot guide dogs, they will live a better life in the future.”可知，此处是对未来的设想，if表示“如果”。故填if。 Making films with “magic” OpenAI has built a new video model called Sora. It is a new tool that can make a video like magic! Just tell Sora your imagination, and watch it create 1 high-quality video up to one minute just in front of your eyes. How good is it? Videos created by Sora look good on both big and small devices (设备), such as computers and smart phones. Sora can also make scenes with lots of people doing different things with clear details. It also knows 2 things should look in real life. Why is it so good? Sora is a good learner. It looks at many videos and learns from them by 3 (break) them into very small bits (片段). It uses these bits to make a new video. The new video is gray and in a complete mess 4 first, you can’t tell what’s in it. Sora fixes the video until it looks good and smooth. Sora also gets help from ChatGPT, which turns 5 (user) short sentences into clear instructions. This helps Sora make the video just as it 6 (ask). Is it good enough? Since Sora was announced in February 2024, OpenAI 7 (know) that it is far from perfect. When meeting complex images (复杂图像), it can’t make everything look real because it may find them hard 8 (understand). For example, when a person moves, things around them change. In another video, a grandma blows out the candle on a birthday cake, 9 the flame (火焰) doesn’t move at all. Sora may not be able to tell “left” from “right” 10 (correct) and mess up a person’s leg moves. 【答案】 1．a 2．how 3．breaking 4．at 5．users’ 6．is asked 7．has known 8．to understand 9．but 10．correctly 【导语】本文主要介绍了OpenAI开发的新型视频模型Sora的功能、工作原理以及存在的不足。 1．句意：只需告诉Sora你的想象，就能看到它在你眼前创造出长达一分钟的高质量视频。此处泛指“一个高质量的视频”，high-quality是辅音音素开头的单词，用a修饰。故填a。 2．句意：它也知道事物在现实生活中应该是什么样子。根据“things should look in real life”可知，此处指事物在生活中是怎样的，应用how引导宾语从句。故填how。 3．句意：它看了很多视频，并通过把它们分成非常小的片段来学习。by是介词，后跟动名词作宾语。故填breaking。 4．句意：起初，新视频是灰色的，完全混乱，你不能辨别出里面有什么。at first“起初”，固定搭配。故填at。 5．句意：Sora还得到了ChatGPT的帮助，它可以将用户的简短句子转化为清晰的指令。根据“... short sentences”可知，此处指用户们的，应用名词所有格，用户不止一个，应用复数形式。故填users’。 6．句意：这有助于Sora按照要求制作视频。根据“as it…”可知，Sora是被要求，句子时态是一般现在时，因此是一般现在时的被动语态，主语是单数，用is asked。故填is asked。 7．句意：自从2024年2月宣布推出Sora以来，OpenAI就知道它还远远不够完美。根据“Since Sora was announced in February 2024”可知，主句时态应用现在完成时，主语是单数，助动词用has，know的过去分词为known。故填has known。 8．句意：当遇到复杂的图像时，它不能让所有的东西看起来都是真实的，因为它可能会发现它们很难理解。根据“it may find them hard ...”可知，此处是固定结构“find+宾语+形容词+to do”的结构，表示“发现某物/某事做起来是……的”，空处填不定式。故填to understand。 9．句意：在另一个视频中，一位奶奶吹了生日蛋糕上的蜡烛，但是火焰根本不动。根据“a grandma blows the candle on a birthday cake,...the flame (火焰) doesn’t move at all”可知，吹蜡烛但是火焰根本不动，应用but“但是”表转折。故填but。 10．句意：Sora可能无法正确区分“左”和“右”，弄乱了人的腿部动作。此处应用副词修饰动词tell。故填correctly。 You may feel happy when you see a photo of smiling friends or a funny text message. Looking at them can often greatly improve our moods (心情). Based on this idea, five British students 1 (complete) creating an app called “Memory Star” in the past few days. It helps teenagers save their 2 (day) digital (数码的) photos and messages. 3 you open the app, all the lively memories will appear on the screen. Unlike other digital technology, the photos and messages in the app aren’t for 4 (share) with other people or posting on social media. Only you can see them. One of the makers of 5 app, Zuzia O’Donoghue, explained, “With Memory Star, you just look over all your memories. You don’t need to worry about others’ opinions.” The idea of Memory Star came from one of the teenagers, Sacha Botting. She had a glass “memory jar (罐子)”. She wrote down the memories of 6 (happy) and put them in the jar. When she felt sad, she always looked at them. Memory Star has been a big success. They took part in a competition and 7 (win) a national prize. The app was put online for people to download (下载) for free. It was 8 (wide) spread among people. One positive thing 9 the app is that it’s very simple and useful for all ages. Gemma Kelly, who helped 10 (make) the app, said, “Everybody can use it. We forget we’re not the only ones who have stress.” 【答案】 1．have completed 2．daily 3．When 4．sharing 5．the 6．happiness 7．won 8．widely 9．about 10．make/to make 【导语】 本文介绍了英国五名学生开发了一款名为“Memory Star”的应用程序，旨在帮助青少年保存日常的数码照片和信息，以改善心情。文章详细描述了该应用程序的功能、设计理念、成功经历以及用户反馈。 1．句意：基于这个想法，五名英国学生在过去的几天里完成了一款名为“Memory Star”的应用程序的开发。根据时间状语“in the past few days”可知，此处表示动作从过去持续到现在，应用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has+过去分词”。主语“five British students”为复数，助动词用have，complete的过去分词为completed。故填have completed。 2．句意：它帮助青少年保存他们日常的数码照片和信息。根据空后的名词“photos and messages”可知，此处应用day的形容词daily“日常的”作定语，修饰名词。故填daily。 3．句意：当你打开这个应用程序时，所有生动的记忆都会出现在屏幕上。根据“...you open the app, all the lively memories will appear on the screen.”可知，此处表示当你打开这个应用程序时，应用when“当……时候”引导时间状语从句，句首首字母大写。故填When。 4．句意：与其他数字技术不同，该应用程序中的照片和信息不是为了与他人分享或在社交媒体上发布。根据空前的介词“for”可知，此处应用share的动名词sharing作宾语。故填sharing。 5．句意：该应用程序的一个开发者Zuzia O’Donoghue解释说：“有了Memory Star，你只需浏览所有记忆。你不需要担心别人的看法。”根据前文“...creating an app called ‘Memory Star’...”可知，此处特指上文提到的“Memory Star”这个应用程序，应用定冠词the修饰。故填the。 6．句意：她写下幸福的回忆，并把它们放进罐子里。根据空前的介词“of”可知，此处应用happy的名词happiness“幸福”作宾语。故填happiness。 7．句意：他们参加了一个比赛并赢得了全国奖。根据前文“They took part in a competition...”可知，此处表示过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，win的过去式为won。故填won。 8．句意：它在人们中广泛传播。根据空后的动词“spread”可知，此处应用wide的副词widely“广泛地”作状语，修饰动词。故填widely。 9．句意：关于这个应用程序的一个积极的事情是它对所有年龄段的人都非常简单和有用。根据“One positive thing...the app is that...”可知，此处表示关于这个应用程序的一个积极的事情，应用介词about“关于”。故填about。 10．句意：帮助制作这个应用程序的Gemma Kelly说：“每个人都可以使用它。我们忘了我们不是唯一有压力的人。”根据“helped...(make) the app”可知，此处表示帮助制作这个应用程序，应用help (to) do sth“帮助做某事”，固定搭配。故填make/to make。 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 With the development of science and technology, our life is becoming more and more convenient. It seems that everything has greatly 1 (improve). But there is one thing unlike them. It’s the blind walking stick. It was invented over 100 years ago and was used by many blind people for a long time. However, it remained unchanged until an engineer named Kursat decided 2 (make) a change. Kursat is blind. He 3 (deep) understands the difficulties and challenges that the blind face. He put some technical knowledge into his 4 (invent) and invented a smart stick. He hoped his invention would help the blind. The smart stick uses different sensors (传感器) 5 (warn) about possible dangers. It helps blind people know about the environment around them 6 using modern technology. It makes their journeys much 7 (easy) than before. The stick is priced at around $500. It is less than half the price of most smartphones. Most people can afford it. In the future, this invention is going to make a big difference to more blind people. “It will not only change my life, 8 also the lives of other people,” Kursat said. “These days, we are talking about flying cars, however, the blind have been using simple sticks for a long time. As 9 blind person, when I am at the subway station, I don’t know which is my exit. I don’t know which bus is coming or which stores are around me. But now the smart stick can provide a lot of information,” he said, “I believe the life of the blind 10 (be) much more convenient and safer.” 【答案】 1．improved 2．to make 3．deeply 4．invention 5．to warn 6．by 7．easier 8．but 9．a 10．will be 【导语】本文主要介绍了盲人Kursat发明智能盲杖的背景、功能及意义，该盲杖结合科技帮助盲人感知环境，提升了他们的生活便利性。 1．句意：似乎所有事物都有了很大的改善。根据“has”可知此处是现在完成时（have/has+过去分词），improve的过去分词是improved，意为“改善”。故填improved。 2．句意：然而，它一直没变化，直到一位名叫Kursat的工程师决定做出改变。“decide to do sth.” 是固定搭配，表示 “决定做某事”，此处用make的不定式形式to make，意为“制定”。故填to make。 3．句意：他深刻理解盲人面临的困难和挑战。此处修饰动词“understands”，需用deep的副词形式deeply，意为“深刻地”。故填deeply。 4．句意：他把一些技术知识融入他的发明，创造出了一根智能盲杖。invent“发明”，根据前文“the blind walking stick”可知，此处指代“他的发明（盲杖）”，用名词invention。故填invention。 5．句意：这根智能盲杖使用不同的传感器来预警潜在危险。“use sth. to do sth.” 是固定结构，表示“用某物做某事”，此处用warn的不定式形式to warn，意为“警告”。故填to warn。 6．句意：它通过现代科技帮助盲人了解周围的环境。此处表示“通过（某种方式）”，用介词by。故填by。 7．句意：这让他们的出行比以前容易得多。根据“than”可知此处用形容词的比较级，要填easy的比较级是easier，意为“更容易的”。故填easier。 8．句意：它不仅会改变我的生活，还会改变其他人的生活。“not only...but also...”是固定搭配，表示“不仅…… 而且……”。故填but。 9．句意：作为一名盲人，当我来到地铁站时，我不知道哪个是我的出口。“person”是可数名词单数，这里表示“作为一个盲人”的泛指含义，“blind”以辅音音素开头，故用“a”，故填a。 10．句意：我相信盲人的生活将会变得更便利、更安全。根据语境可知此处是对未来的预测，用一般将来时，其结构为will+动词原形。故填will be。 阅读下面短文，用括号内所给的适当形式填空，必要时可加助动词。 Albert Einstein once said, “I have no special 1 (talent). I am only passionately curious.” The greatest inventions in history would be impossible without 2 (curious). Curiosity can bring new discoveries. Benjamin Franklin is a great example. He was 3 (draw) to electricity and had a deep curiosity about its nature. He did lots of research to try to understand it. For example, he flew a kite during a storm. His curiosity led him 4 (invent) the lightning rod. This invention protects buildings from lightning. Curiosity can also make people brave. Just look at Wan Hu, the Ming Dynasty pioneer of space exploration. He was so curious about space that he invented a “flying chair”! He lost his life while 5 (test) this invention. Despite the failure, his curiosity gave future explorers ideas. People learnt from his example, and created 6 (safe) ways to explore space. But curiosity is more than just taking risks. It also drives people towards certain goals. Zhang Heng, a Chinese scientist and inventor, was curious about the world: how did everything in the world move? He spent years 7 (study) the sky and the earth. Finally, he drew China’s first star map, and invented the first earthquake detector. His curiosity 8 (continue) to influence scientists today. As Jacques Cousteau 9 (say), “What is a scientist after all? It is a curious man looking through a keyhole, the keyhole of nature, 10 (try) to know what’s going on.” Curiosity is the key. It opens one door after another for us to discover a new world. 【答案】 1．talent 2．curiosity 3．drawn 4．to invent 5．testing 6．safer 7．studying 8．continues 9．said 10．trying 【导语】本文主要探讨了好奇心在科学发现和人类进步中的重要作用。通过多个历史人物的例子，阐述了好奇心如何推动创新、激发勇气并引导人们实现目标。 1．句意：Albert Einstein曾说过：“我没有特别的天赋。”talent“天赋”，此处表示“特殊才能”，用名词单数形式。故填talent。 2．句意：没有好奇心，历史上最伟大的发明是不可能的。curious“好奇的”，形容词，介词without后面用名词curiosity作宾语。故填curiosity。 3．句意：他被电吸引住了，对它的本质有着强烈的好奇心。根据“He was…(draw) to electricity and had a deep curiosity about its nature.”可知，此处是指被电吸引住了，为被动语态，结构为be done，draw“吸引”的过去分词为drawn。故填drawn。 4．句意：他的好奇心促使他发明了避雷针。invent“发明”，lead sb to do sth“引导某人做某事”，空处用不定式结构。故填to invent。 5．句意：他在测试这项发明时丧生。test“测试”，while后面加动词时，用现在分词表示同时发生的动作。故填testing。 6．句意：人们从他的榜样中学习，并创造了更安全的太空探索方式。safe“安全的”，根据“People learnt from his example,”可知，人们是从Wan Hu的失败中学到，创造了更安全的方式，空处用比较级safer“更安全的”。故填safer。 7．句意：他花了数年时间研究天空和地球。study“研究”，spend time doing sth“花费时间做某事”，空处用动名词形式studying。故填studying。 8．句意：他的好奇心至今仍影响着科学家。continue“持续”，根据today可知，时态为一般现在时，主语His curiosity为单数，谓语动词用三单形式。故填continues。 9．句意：正如Jacques Cousteau所说：“科学家到底是什么？”根据“As Jacques Cousteau...”可知，是引用过去的话，用say的过去式said。故填said。 10．句意：这是一个好奇的人透过钥匙孔，大自然的钥匙孔，试图知道发生了什么。空处为非谓语动词，表示伴随状态，用现在分词trying“试图”。故填trying。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容 (不多于3个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。          Three great young men, Samuel Skotnikov, Changyoung Kim and Eeshaan Prashanth, are from Texas, America. Their good friend Aiden lost one of his legs because of 1 accident and had to use an artificial (人造的) leg. However, it was uncomfortable and difficult to use. They noticed Aiden was 2 (have) a hard time moving around with his artificial leg, so they decided to make him a better one. They 3 (begin) to work right away. It took them several 4 (month) to finish their design (设计), NeuroFlex. It’s special 5 Aiden can control it with his brain (大脑). The brain sends messages 6 NeuroFlex and tells it how Aiden wants to move. Then NeuroFlex’s motors (发动机) help with the movement. What’s more, NeuroFlex is much 7 (cheap) on the market. Skotnikov, Kim and Prashanth went to an international science fair (国际科学展览会) with NeuroFlex, and they won third prize in the Gordon E. Moore Award. They were really 8 (excite) about it. “I am 9 (complete) surprised and can’t find the words,” Skotnikov said after winning the award. “We really just wish 10 (offer) help to more people than just our friend Aiden.” “Just do what you really love,” Prashanth said. “Don’t do it just for the science fair; do it for someone who you truly want to help.” 【答案】 1．an 2．having 3．began 4．months 5．because 6．to 7．cheaper 8．excited 9．completely 10．to offer 【导语】本文介绍了美国得克萨斯州的三位年轻人塞缪尔·斯科特尼科夫、金昌英和埃尚·普拉尚特，为帮助因事故失去一条腿的朋友艾登，设计出更舒适好用的人造腿NeuroFlex，还带着该设计参加国际科学展览会并获奖的故事。 1．句意：他们的好朋友艾登因为一场事故失去了一条腿，不得不使用人造腿。根据“because of…accident”可知，accident是可数名词单数，且以元音音素开头，前面要用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。 2．句意：他们注意到艾登戴着人造腿四处走动很困难，所以决定给他做一个更好的。根据“they noticed Aiden was…a hard time”可知，notice后接宾语从句，从句中was提示用过去进行时，结构为was+现在分词，have的现在分词是having。故填having。 3．句意：他们立刻开始工作。根据全文时态可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，要用一般过去时，begin的过去式是began。故填began。 4．句意：他们花了几个月的时间完成了他们的设计——NeuroFlex。根据“several…”可知，several后接可数名词复数，month的复数是months。故填months。 5．句意：它很特别，因为艾登可以用他的大脑控制它。根据“It’s special…Aiden can control it with his brain”可知，后句是前句的原因，要用because引导原因状语从句。故填because。 6．句意：大脑向NeuroFlex发送信息，并告诉它艾登想要如何移动。根据“The brain sends messages…NeuroFlex”可知，这里是send messages to…意为“向……发送信息”。故填to。 7．句意：此外，NeuroFlex在市场上便宜得多。根据“much…”可知，much修饰形容词比较级，cheap的比较级是cheaper。故填cheaper。 8．句意：他们对此非常兴奋。根据“They were really…about it”可知，此处修饰人，要用excited，意为“兴奋的”；exciting修饰物，不符合语境。故填excited。 9．句意：“我完全惊呆了，说不出话来，”斯科特尼科夫获奖后说。根据“I am…surprised”可知，修饰形容词surprised要用副词，complete的副词是completely。故填completely。 10．句意：我们真的希望帮助更多的人，而不仅仅是我们的朋友艾登。根据“We really just wish…help”可知，这里是wish to do sth，意为“希望做某事”。故填to offer。 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的适当形式填空。 There is a small thing we use every day. We usually put it in the bathroom. Without it, we might have tooth problems. Can you guess 1 it is? Yes, it’s the toothbrush. But do you know anything about its history? According to some research, before toothbrushes appeared, the ancient Chinese people brushed their teeth 2 some small tree branches. About 800 years ago, people made 3 kind of brush with pig hair and bamboo. It might be the world’s 4 (early) form of toothbrushes. As time went by, the forms of toothbrushes changed. For example, people chose horse-tail hair instead of pig hair 5 pig hair was too hard. Imagine that you travel back 6 (hundred) of years ago and brush your teeth 7 (comfortable). It sounds fantastic, doesn’t it? Around the 15th century, the Chinese toothbrush found its way into Europe. It 8 (become) popular among local people soon. The 9 (invent) of toothbrushes was not as famous as that of paper-making, but it was very useful in daily life. Today we have a good habit of 10 (brush) our teeth. We should thank the ancient Chinese for it. 【答案】 1．what 2．with 3．a 4．earliest 5．because 6．hundreds 7．comfortably 8．became 9．invention 10．brushing 【导语】本文主要介绍了牙刷的历史发展，包括其起源、演变过程以及在欧洲的传播情况。 1．句意：你能猜到它是什么吗？分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，并在从句中作表语，故用what引导，意为“什么”，符合句意。故填what。 2．句意：根据一些研究，在牙刷出现之前，古代中国人用一些小树枝刷牙。根据空前“brushed their teeth”的动作以及空后“some small tree branches”可知，此处指古人用小树枝这种工具刷牙，空处缺少介词，with意为“用……”，表示使用某种工具，符合题意。故填with。 3．句意：大约800年前，人们用猪毛和竹子制作了一种刷子。根据“kind of brush”可知，“kind”为可数名词单数，需要用不定冠词a修饰，泛指“一种刷子”，a kind of为固定搭配，意为“一种……”。故填a。 4．句意：它可能是世界上最早的牙刷形式。根据“the world’s”可知，此处指三者及以上的比较，应用形容词early的最高级，early的最高级为earliest，意为“最早的”。故填earliest。 5．句意：例如，人们选择马尾毛而不是猪毛，因为猪毛太硬了。根据“For example, people chose horse-tail hair instead of pig hair…pig hair was too hard.”可知，猪毛太硬是人们选择马尾毛而不是猪毛的原因，所以应用because引导原因状语从句。故填because。 6．句意：想象一下你回到几百年前，舒适地刷牙。hundred有两种用法：具体数字+hundred（原形）表示“几百”；hundreds of表泛指，意为“数百的，成百上千的”，hundreds前无具体数字。根据空后“of”可知，此处指“数百年前”。故填hundreds。 7．句意：想象一下你回到几百年前，舒适地刷牙。空处修饰动词“brush”，应用形容词comfortable的副词形式comfortably，意为“舒适地”。故填comfortably。 8．句意：它很快在当地人中变得流行起来。分析句子结构可知，空处为本句的谓语，根据时间状语“Around the 15th century”可知，谓语动词应用动词的过去式，become的过去式为became，意为“变得”。故填became。 9．句意：牙刷的发明不如造纸术的发明有名，但它在日常生活中非常有用。空处位于“The”之后，“of toothbrushes”之前，需要一个名词，指牙刷这项发明，动词invent的名词形式为invention，意为“发明”，根据空后“was”可知，应用名词单数。故填invention。 10．句意：如今我们有刷牙的好习惯。根据空前“a good habit of”以及所给词可知，介词“of”后应接动名词，所以应用动词brush的动名词形式brushing。故填brushing。 重难语篇练习 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Teachers find it difficult for students to collect the homework before class. Sometimes they may even get mad. To solve this problem, a smart robot 1 (invent) by a 13-year-old middle school student Zhang from Shenzhen 2 got first prize in the twentieth Guangdong Provincial Children’s Invention Awards. His parents are so 3 (pride) of him. This robot can collect homework in a short time 4 making any mistakes. It uses radio frequency identification (RFID,射频识别) technology. It can help find and know what it is looking for. Every 5 (student) notebook has a RFID tag (标签) with their name and the subject. Students only need to place 6 (they) notebooks on the robot, and the machine “sees” the notebooks, reads the tags and takes them out of the name list. Teachers can check who hasn’t handed in homework by 7 (connect) their phones with the robot through Wi-Fi. Many teachers speak 8 (high) of the robot after using it.They think Zhang will create more useful AI tools to make life 9 (easy) than before. His parents will continue to support him.Inspired by the words, Zhang dreams of becoming a scientist when he grows up. “I have tried making model airplanes and other scientific and creative projects. So far, inventing 10 (bring) me a lot of joy and happiness,” he said. 【答案】 1．was invented 2．who/that 3．proud 4．without 5．student’s 6．their 7．connecting 8．highly 9．easier 10．has brought 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了深圳一名中学生发明收作业机器人的故事，说明了其工作原理、实用功能及获得的评价，展现了青少年科技创新对教育生活的积极影响，并体现了小发明家的科学梦想与热情。 1．句意：为了解决这个问题，深圳一名 13 岁的中学生张同学发明了一款智能机器人，他在第二十届广东省青少年发明奖中荣获一等奖。根据“a smart robot…by a 13-year-old middle school student”可知，机器人与invent是被动关系，表示“被发明”，且事件发生在过去，应用一般过去时的被动语态was invented，故填was invented。 2．句意：为了解决这个问题，深圳一名 13 岁的中学生张同学发明了一款智能机器人，他在第二十届广东省青少年发明奖中荣获一等奖。根据“a 13-year-old middle school student Zhang from Shenzhen…got first prize”可知，这是一个定语从句，先行词“student Zhang”指人，关系词在从句中作主语，用who或that，故填who/that。 3．句意：他的父母为他感到非常骄傲。根据“are so…of him”可知，此处为固定搭配“be proud of”，表示“为……骄傲”，用pride的形容词形式proud，故填proud。 4．句意：这款机器人能在短时间内收集作业且不犯任何错误。根据“making any mistakes”可知，此处是否定语境，用介词without表示“没有”，故填without。 5．句意：每个学生的笔记本上都有一个带有他们姓名和科目的射频识别标签。根据“notebook”可知，此处用名词所有格student’s修饰名词，表所属关系“学生的笔记本”，故填student’s。 6．句意：学生们只需要把他们的笔记本放在机器人上，机器就会“识别”笔记本、读取标签并将其从名单中移除。根据“notebooks”可知，此处用形容词性物主代词their修饰名词，故填their。 7．句意：老师可以通过Wi-Fi将手机与机器人连接，查看谁没有交作业。根据“by”可知，介词后接动名词，此处用connect的动名词connecting，故填connecting。 8．句意：许多老师使用后对这款机器人评价很高。根据“speak…of”可知，此处为固定搭配“speak highly of”，表示“高度评价”，用副词highly，故填highly。 9．句意：他们认为小张会创造更多有用的人工智能工具，让生活比以前更轻松。根据“than before”可知，此处用easy的比较级easier，故填easier。 10．句意：到目前为止，发明给我带来了很多欢乐和幸福。根据“So far”可知，这句话是现在完成时，主语inventing为单数，此处用现在完成时结构“has brought”，故填has brought。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Cellphones were 1 (invent) so people could talk anytime, anywhere. But today,they’re used for almost everything except talking—especially by teenagers. For most young people, the phone is no longer mainly used for calling. Instead, it’s a tool for other forms of communication like texting, or messages on apps such as WeChat. Of course,teenagers do make or answer calls sometimes, for example, in emergencies (紧急情况) or when a parent calls. According to Anne Cordier, 2 expert in Information and Communication Science, when teenagers choose text-based communication over phone calls, it doesn’t mean they are lazy or rude. It’s just part of how they communicate. In fact, it’s often their way of 3 (set) boundaries (边界) in a world where people feel they are 4 (expect) to be available all the time. “Sometimes I leave my phone on silent mode (静音模式) 5 purpose.” 17-year-old Elsa said. “That way, I can have some peace.” Cordier says, when a teenager doesn’t answer a phone call, it doesn’t mean they are rejecting (拒绝) the person ———— it just means being available is no longer something to be expected. In fact, 6 (expect) calls can be annoying to teenagers. For them, it’s polite to check if the person is free before calling. On the other hand, texting feels 7 (safe) because they can write, delete and rewrite messages until they are ready. They can also wait before 8 (reply), which makes the exchange less pressured. Older generations may still see phone calls as caring, but 9 (young) generations,who are growing up in a hyperconnected world (超级互联世界), find the same comfort in texts, 10 (silent) or even a simple emoji. Neither generation is wrong. They just follow different rules of communication. 【答案】 1．invented 2．an 3．setting 4．expected 5．on 6．unexpected 7．safer 8．replying 9．younger 10．silence 【导语】本文主要介绍了青少年更偏爱手机文字沟通的现象及原因，说明不同代际沟通方式无对错。 1．句意：手机被发明出来是为了让人们能够随时随地通话。根据“were”及主语cellphones与invent的被动关系可知，此处应用被动语态“be + 过去分词”，invent的过去分词是invented。故填invented。 2．句意：据信息与传播科学领域的一位专家安妮·科迪耶称……。根据“expert”是可数名词单数且发音以元音音素开头可知，此处表示 “一位专家”，需用不定冠词an。故填an。 3．句意：事实上，在一个人们认为自己应该随时待命的世界里，这往往是他们设定边界的一种方式。根据“of”是介词，后接动名词可知，set的动名词形式是setting。故填 setting。 4．句意：……一个人们感觉自己被期望随时待命的世界。根据“they”与expect的被动关系，“被期望做某事”的结构是“be expected to do sth.”可知，此处填expected。故填expected。 5．句意：有时候我故意把手机调成静音模式。根据固定搭配“on purpose”表示“故意地”可知，此处填on。故填on。 6．句意：事实上，突如其来的来电对青少年来说可能很烦人。根据语境，此处需用形容词修饰“calls”，表示“出乎意料的”，expect的形容词形式unexpected符合句意。故填unexpected。 7．句意：另一方面，发短信感觉更安全，因为他们可以反复编写、删除和修改消息……。根据语境是将发短信与打电话对比，隐含“更安全” 的含义可知，safe的比较级是safer。故填safer。 8．句意：他们也可以在回复之前稍作等待，这让交流的压力小了很多。根据“before”是介词，后接动名词可知，reply的动名词形式replying。故填replying。 9．句意：老一辈人可能仍然认为打电话是关心的表现，但年轻一代……。根据与前面的“Older generations”形成对比可知，young的比较级是younger。故填younger。 10．句意：……从短信、静音（状态）甚至一个简单的表情符号中获得同样的慰藉。根据与“texts”“a simple emoji”并列，需要名词形式可知，silent的名词是 silence。故填silence 。     学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Great inventions and discoveries 语法填空10篇 内容导航 单元话题 基础语篇练习 重难语篇练习 单元话题聚焦 发明与创造 基础语篇练习 稳扎稳打 必拿分数：聚焦稳拿分数题目，确保基础分值 重难语篇练习 突破瓶颈 争夺高分：聚焦高难度题目，争夺关键分数 基础语篇练习 阅读下列短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词，或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。 What do you expect at this time of year in Northeast China? Terrible winds, heavy snow and slippery roads are common. Since early November, many students have shared 1 (they) challenging experiences online. 2 , things are different at Harbin Institute of Technology. Students move 3 (comfortable) between classrooms, libraries, dining halls, dormitories (宿舍), and even the gym in T-shirts, all within five 4 (minute) walk. Some students even eat ice cream while enjoying the snowy scenery along the way. They can do all these because 5 the newly built skybridges. The university 6 (begin) building the skybridges in 2022. With a total length of 1,330.13 meters, the skybridges were built in three steps. On November 7th, the 7 (two) part of the walkway system was put into use. Now, 881.81 meters of skywalks are in use. In addition to 8 (connect) different school buildings, the skybridges as the school’s new landmark will also serve different functions in 9 future. The skybridges have become popular on the Internet so far. All the students think the skybridges are 10 (use). One wrote, “In the past, I never wanted to go out in the cold winter unless the sun shines brightly. Now thanks to the skywalks, I can wear light clothes even in below-zero temperatures.” 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。 Guide dogs are important to blind people. However, not everyone is lucky enough to have 1 life helper. There are about 20 million blind people in our country, 2 there are just over 400 guide dogs. A blind person has to wait 3 a long time to get a guide dog. Also, it is very expensive to train a guide dog. So not all the blind people have 4 (they) own guide dogs. Last year a team from Shanghai Jiao Tong University 5 (build) a robot guide dog to help blind people. The robot dog has six legs and is very smart. It can see, listen and speak. Now the blind people can get a guide dog 6 (easy) than before. Some people think it might be 7 (danger) for the blind to use the robot guide dog. The head of the team believes there is no need to worry about it for the following 8 (reason). First, with six legs, the robot dog can walk smoothly. Second, users can ask the robot 9 (walk) slowly or quickly. What’s more, the robot can read traffic lights and avoid obstacles (规避障碍). The team believes 10 the blind have robot guide dogs, they will live a better life in the future. Making films with “magic” OpenAI has built a new video model called Sora. It is a new tool that can make a video like magic! Just tell Sora your imagination, and watch it create 1 high-quality video up to one minute just in front of your eyes. How good is it? Videos created by Sora look good on both big and small devices (设备), such as computers and smart phones. Sora can also make scenes with lots of people doing different things with clear details. It also knows 2 things should look in real life. Why is it so good? Sora is a good learner. It looks at many videos and learns from them by 3 (break) them into very small bits (片段). It uses these bits to make a new video. The new video is gray and in a complete mess 4 first, you can’t tell what’s in it. Sora fixes the video until it looks good and smooth. Sora also gets help from ChatGPT, which turns 5 (user) short sentences into clear instructions. This helps Sora make the video just as it 6 (ask). Is it good enough? Since Sora was announced in February 2024, OpenAI 7 (know) that it is far from perfect. When meeting complex images (复杂图像), it can’t make everything look real because it may find them hard 8 (understand). For example, when a person moves, things around them change. In another video, a grandma blows out the candle on a birthday cake, 9 the flame (火焰) doesn’t move at all. Sora may not be able to tell “left” from “right” 10 (correct) and mess up a person’s leg moves. You may feel happy when you see a photo of smiling friends or a funny text message. Looking at them can often greatly improve our moods (心情). Based on this idea, five British students 1 (complete) creating an app called “Memory Star” in the past few days. It helps teenagers save their 2 (day) digital (数码的) photos and messages. 3 you open the app, all the lively memories will appear on the screen. Unlike other digital technology, the photos and messages in the app aren’t for 4 (share) with other people or posting on social media. Only you can see them. One of the makers of 5 app, Zuzia O’Donoghue, explained, “With Memory Star, you just look over all your memories. You don’t need to worry about others’ opinions.” The idea of Memory Star came from one of the teenagers, Sacha Botting. She had a glass “memory jar (罐子)”. She wrote down the memories of 6 (happy) and put them in the jar. When she felt sad, she always looked at them. Memory Star has been a big success. They took part in a competition and 7 (win) a national prize. The app was put online for people to download (下载) for free. It was 8 (wide) spread among people. One positive thing 9 the app is that it’s very simple and useful for all ages. Gemma Kelly, who helped 10 (make) the app, said, “Everybody can use it. We forget we’re not the only ones who have stress.” 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空，使短文通顺、连贯。 With the development of science and technology, our life is becoming more and more convenient. It seems that everything has greatly 1 (improve). But there is one thing unlike them. It’s the blind walking stick. It was invented over 100 years ago and was used by many blind people for a long time. However, it remained unchanged until an engineer named Kursat decided 2 (make) a change. Kursat is blind. He 3 (deep) understands the difficulties and challenges that the blind face. He put some technical knowledge into his 4 (invent) and invented a smart stick. He hoped his invention would help the blind. The smart stick uses different sensors (传感器) 5 (warn) about possible dangers. It helps blind people know about the environment around them 6 using modern technology. It makes their journeys much 7 (easy) than before. The stick is priced at around $500. It is less than half the price of most smartphones. Most people can afford it. In the future, this invention is going to make a big difference to more blind people. “It will not only change my life, 8 also the lives of other people,” Kursat said. “These days, we are talking about flying cars, however, the blind have been using simple sticks for a long time. As 9 blind person, when I am at the subway station, I don’t know which is my exit. I don’t know which bus is coming or which stores are around me. But now the smart stick can provide a lot of information,” he said, “I believe the life of the blind 10 (be) much more convenient and safer.” 阅读下面短文，用括号内所给的适当形式填空，必要时可加助动词。 Albert Einstein once said, “I have no special 1 (talent). I am only passionately curious.” The greatest inventions in history would be impossible without 2 (curious). Curiosity can bring new discoveries. Benjamin Franklin is a great example. He was 3 (draw) to electricity and had a deep curiosity about its nature. He did lots of research to try to understand it. For example, he flew a kite during a storm. His curiosity led him 4 (invent) the lightning rod. This invention protects buildings from lightning. Curiosity can also make people brave. Just look at Wan Hu, the Ming Dynasty pioneer of space exploration. He was so curious about space that he invented a “flying chair”! He lost his life while 5 (test) this invention. Despite the failure, his curiosity gave future explorers ideas. People learnt from his example, and created 6 (safe) ways to explore space. But curiosity is more than just taking risks. It also drives people towards certain goals. Zhang Heng, a Chinese scientist and inventor, was curious about the world: how did everything in the world move? He spent years 7 (study) the sky and the earth. Finally, he drew China’s first star map, and invented the first earthquake detector. His curiosity 8 (continue) to influence scientists today. As Jacques Cousteau 9 (say), “What is a scientist after all? It is a curious man looking through a keyhole, the keyhole of nature, 10 (try) to know what’s going on.” Curiosity is the key. It opens one door after another for us to discover a new world. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的内容 (不多于3个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。          Three great young men, Samuel Skotnikov, Changyoung Kim and Eeshaan Prashanth, are from Texas, America. Their good friend Aiden lost one of his legs because of 1 accident and had to use an artificial (人造的) leg. However, it was uncomfortable and difficult to use. They noticed Aiden was 2 (have) a hard time moving around with his artificial leg, so they decided to make him a better one. They 3 (begin) to work right away. It took them several 4 (month) to finish their design (设计), NeuroFlex. It’s special 5 Aiden can control it with his brain (大脑). The brain sends messages 6 NeuroFlex and tells it how Aiden wants to move. Then NeuroFlex’s motors (发动机) help with the movement. What’s more, NeuroFlex is much 7 (cheap) on the market. Skotnikov, Kim and Prashanth went to an international science fair (国际科学展览会) with NeuroFlex, and they won third prize in the Gordon E. Moore Award. They were really 8 (excite) about it. “I am 9 (complete) surprised and can’t find the words,” Skotnikov said after winning the award. “We really just wish 10 (offer) help to more people than just our friend Aiden.” “Just do what you really love,” Prashanth said. “Don’t do it just for the science fair; do it for someone who you truly want to help.” 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的适当形式填空。 There is a small thing we use every day. We usually put it in the bathroom. Without it, we might have tooth problems. Can you guess 1 it is? Yes, it’s the toothbrush. But do you know anything about its history? According to some research, before toothbrushes appeared, the ancient Chinese people brushed their teeth 2 some small tree branches. About 800 years ago, people made 3 kind of brush with pig hair and bamboo. It might be the world’s 4 (early) form of toothbrushes. As time went by, the forms of toothbrushes changed. For example, people chose horse-tail hair instead of pig hair 5 pig hair was too hard. Imagine that you travel back 6 (hundred) of years ago and brush your teeth 7 (comfortable). It sounds fantastic, doesn’t it? Around the 15th century, the Chinese toothbrush found its way into Europe. It 8 (become) popular among local people soon. The 9 (invent) of toothbrushes was not as famous as that of paper-making, but it was very useful in daily life. Today we have a good habit of 10 (brush) our teeth. We should thank the ancient Chinese for it. 重难语篇练习 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Teachers find it difficult for students to collect the homework before class. Sometimes they may even get mad. To solve this problem, a smart robot 1 (invent) by a 13-year-old middle school student Zhang from Shenzhen 2 got first prize in the twentieth Guangdong Provincial Children’s Invention Awards. His parents are so 3 (pride) of him. This robot can collect homework in a short time 4 making any mistakes. It uses radio frequency identification (RFID,射频识别) technology. It can help find and know what it is looking for. Every 5 (student) notebook has a RFID tag (标签) with their name and the subject. Students only need to place 6 (they) notebooks on the robot, and the machine “sees” the notebooks, reads the tags and takes them out of the name list. Teachers can check who hasn’t handed in homework by 7 (connect) their phones with the robot through Wi-Fi. Many teachers speak 8 (high) of the robot after using it.They think Zhang will create more useful AI tools to make life 9 (easy) than before. His parents will continue to support him.Inspired by the words, Zhang dreams of becoming a scientist when he grows up. “I have tried making model airplanes and other scientific and creative projects. So far, inventing 10 (bring) me a lot of joy and happiness,” he said. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Cellphones were 1 (invent) so people could talk anytime, anywhere. But today,they’re used for almost everything except talking—especially by teenagers. For most young people, the phone is no longer mainly used for calling. Instead, it’s a tool for other forms of communication like texting, or messages on apps such as WeChat. Of course,teenagers do make or answer calls sometimes, for example, in emergencies (紧急情况) or when a parent calls. According to Anne Cordier, 2 expert in Information and Communication Science, when teenagers choose text-based communication over phone calls, it doesn’t mean they are lazy or rude. It’s just part of how they communicate. In fact, it’s often their way of 3 (set) boundaries (边界) in a world where people feel they are 4 (expect) to be available all the time. “Sometimes I leave my phone on silent mode (静音模式) 5 purpose.” 17-year-old Elsa said. “That way, I can have some peace.” Cordier says, when a teenager doesn’t answer a phone call, it doesn’t mean they are rejecting (拒绝) the person ———— it just means being available is no longer something to be expected. In fact, 6 (expect) calls can be annoying to teenagers. For them, it’s polite to check if the person is free before calling. On the other hand, texting feels 7 (safe) because they can write, delete and rewrite messages until they are ready. They can also wait before 8 (reply), which makes the exchange less pressured. Older generations may still see phone calls as caring, but 9 (young) generations,who are growing up in a hyperconnected world (超级互联世界), find the same comfort in texts, 10 (silent) or even a simple emoji. Neither generation is wrong. They just follow different rules of communication. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $