重难点09 六选四：语篇衔接突破法（重难专练）（上海专用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

重难点09 六选四：语篇衔接突破法 ( 内容导航 速度提升 技巧掌握 手感养成 重难考向聚焦 锁定目标 精准打击： 明确近 5 年题型分布、命题特征，精准定位提分重点 重难技巧突破 授予利器 瓦解难点： 拆解逻辑衔接、指代衔接、语义衔接、结构衔接四大核心技巧，搭配真题实例深化理解 重难保分练 稳扎稳打 必拿分数 ： 针对单一衔接类型训练，夯实语篇连贯基本功 重难抢分练 突破瓶颈 争夺高分： 聚焦衔接词辨析、语义呼应、干扰项排除，提升答题准确性 重难冲刺练 模拟实战 挑战顶尖： 完整语篇训练，还原命题场景，强化时间把控与答题效率 ) 考点 五年考情（2021-2025真题+2025模考） 命题趋势 考点 1：逻辑连接词衔接（占衔接题 35%） 2023 上海卷 — 通过 “however” 衔接时间对比；2022 上海卷 — 通过 “therefore” 衔接因果推导；2021 上海卷 — 通过 “besides” 衔接并列列举；2025 杨浦二模 — 通过 “for example” 衔接观点与例证；2025 闵行二模 — 通过 “in conclusion” 衔接总结句 1. 显性连接词（but/so/besides）占比提升，需精准匹配逻辑关系；2. 隐性逻辑（无连接词）题量增加，需通过语义推导；3. 干扰项常含 “逻辑矛盾的连接词”，需结合上下文验证 考点 2：指代衔接（占衔接题 20%） 2025 上海卷 — 通过 “these” 衔接前文观察结果；2023 上海卷 — 通过 “it” 指代前文概念；2022 上海卷 — 通过 “this” 指代观点；2025 浦东二模 — 通过 “such” 衔接前文事例；2025 静安三模 — 通过 “they” 指代复数名词 1. 代词与指代对象的 “单复数 / 语义匹配” 为核心考点；2. 指代对象多为前句核心名词或前文整体内容；3. 避免 “指代模糊” 的干扰项（无对应对象） 考点 3：例证衔接（占衔接题 15%） 2025 上海卷 — 通过 “for example” 衔接 “生态足迹” 观点；2021 上海卷 — 通过 “such as” 衔接 “低碳措施” 列举；2025 徐汇二模 — 通过具体事例支撑 “AI 应用限制” 观点；2025 普陀二模 — 通过案例补充 “合作重要性” 论点 1. 观点句多为概括性表述，例证句含具体细节（数据 / 事件）；2. 需确保 “观点 - 例证” 的核心话题一致；3. 干扰项常为 “与观点无关的事例” 考点 4：因果衔接（占衔接题 15%） 2025 上海卷 — 衔接 “高温问题” 与 “遮阳解决方案”；2023 上海卷 — 衔接 “研究发现” 与 “结论推导”；2022 上海卷 — 衔接 “现象” 与 “原因解释”；2025 虹口二模 — 衔接 “问题” 与 “应对措施” 1. 显性因果词（because/so）与隐性因果（lead to/result in）均会考查；2. 需梳理 “原因→结果” 的逻辑链条，避免因果倒置；3. 干扰项常为 “无关因果的表述” 考点 5：并列 / 时间衔接（占衔接题 15%） 2021 上海卷 — 通过分号衔接 “政府 / 企业 / 个体” 的并列举措；2023 上海卷 — 通过 “first/then” 衔接事件顺序；2025 松江二模 — 通过 “similarly” 衔接同类观点；2025 黄浦二模 — 通过时间词衔接叙事流程 1. 并列衔接需保持 “话题 / 结构” 一致；2. 时间衔接需符合事件发展的先后顺序；3. 干扰项常为 “话题偏离的并列项” 或 “时间逻辑矛盾的表述” 技巧 1：逻辑连接词衔接 ——“锁定信号词，匹配逻辑关系” 1.核心原理：逻辑连接词（however、therefore、in addition 等）直接提示句间关系（转折、因果、并列等），选项需符合该逻辑指向。 2.解题要点： 重点关注转折（but/however）、因果（so/therefore）、并列（also/besides）、总结（in conclusion）类连接词； 选项需与连接词提示的逻辑一致（如转折词后需表相反语义，因果词后需表结果）。 3.真题实例（2023 上海卷 Section C）： 原文片段：Homeschooling is not a new concept... 82 Parents relied on workbooks and other printed materials to supplement their lessons. Today, there aren’t only more tangible resources... 选项：A. A flexible schedule allows students to work whenever and wherever they learn best. D. There may have been limited resources available when the homeschooling movement was first adopted. 解析：后文 “Today” 与前文形成时间对比，空格处需体现早期家庭教育的特点，选项 D 中 “limited resources” 与后文 “more tangible resources” 形成对比，符合时间逻辑与语义衔接，答案选 D。 技巧 2：指代衔接 ——“追踪指代线索，锁定指代对象” 1.核心原理：代词（it、they、this、these 等）必然指代前文提到的人、事、物，选项需包含该指代对象，确保语义连贯。 2.解题要点： 定位空格前后的代词，明确其指代属性（单数 / 复数、人 / 物）； 选项需出现与指代对象一致的核心名词或对应表述。 3.真题实例（2021 年 1 月上海卷 Section C）： 原文片段：The pet food industry is facing criticism for its environmental impact. _______. For example, some cat foods have a high carbon footprint... 选项：A. Many people are starting to choose eco-friendly pet food. B. One of the main concerns is the high ecological footprint of some products. 解析：后文 “for example” 后举例 “cat foods have a high carbon footprint”，选项 B 中 “high ecological footprint” 与例证核心一致，且 “some products” 指代前文 “pet food”，衔接紧密，答案选 B。 技巧 3：例证衔接 ——“观点 + 例证匹配，话题保持一致” 1.核心原理：语篇中常出现 “观点句 + 例证句” 结构，例证需精准支撑观点，选项若为观点句需涵盖例证核心，若为例证句需贴合观点话题。 2.解题要点： 观点句多为概括性表述，例证句含具体事例（for example、such as 等信号词）； 选项与前后文需围绕同一核心话题展开（如观点讲 “环保措施”，例证需是具体环保行为）。 3.真题实例（2022 年 7 月上海卷 Section C）： 原文片段：Jane observes meat-eating for the first time October 30, 1961. Later, she sees the chimpanzees hunt for meat. _______. 选项：C. These observations disprove the widely held belief that chimpanzees are vegetarian. F. Some scholars and scientists give Jane a cold reception and criticize her for giving the chimpanzees names. 解析：前文描述 “简观察到黑猩猩吃肉、捕猎”，选项 C 中 “These observations” 指代前文观察内容，且 “disprove...chimpanzees are vegetarian” 是对观察结果的合理推导，符合例证 - 结论衔接，答案选 C。 技巧 4：因果衔接 ——“梳理因果链条，衔接原因与结果” 1.核心原理：语篇中存在明确因果关系（显性：because、so；隐性：lead to、result in），选项需填补原因或结果，确保因果逻辑通顺。 2.解题要点： 若前文讲原因，选项需表合理结果；若前文讲结果，选项需释原因； 避免因果倒置或无关因果的干扰项。 3.真题实例（2025 上海卷 Section C）： 原文片段：As the first and last weeks of school keep getting hotter... recess might be moved indoors day after day. _______. Shade can make a person feel much cooler. 选项：F. The quickest way to keep playgrounds open through extreme heat is to get them out of direct sunlight. E. The development of such an ability requires support from all levels. 解析：前文讲 “高温导致课间休息移至室内”，后文讲 “遮阳能降温”，选项 F 提出 “避免阳光直射是高温天开放操场的最快方式”，承接前文问题并引出后文解决方案，形成 “问题 - 原因 - 解决办法” 的因果逻辑，答案选 F。 技巧 5：并列衔接 ——“匹配并列结构，话题保持统一” 1.核心原理：语篇中常出现 “并列列举” 结构（观点、事例、特征并列），选项需与前文在话题、结构上保持一致。 2.解题要点： 识别并列信号词（and、also、similarly、in addition 等）； 匹配话题（如前文讲 “团队合作的好处”，选项也需是团队合作的好处）； 匹配结构（前文为动宾结构，选项也需保持一致）。 3.真题实例（2023 上海卷 Section B）： 原文片段：The motivated sequence can be used to structure many different sorts of speeches. It could be used, for example, in a speech urging your classmates to join a blood donors’ association. _______. 选项：D. A speech on the environmental and economic crisis. B. A speech to get your friends to promote a blood donors’ association. 解析：前文列举 “动员同学加入献血协会的演讲”，选项 D “关于环境和经济危机的演讲” 是并列的另一种演讲类型，符合 “多种演讲结构” 的并列话题，答案选 D。 技巧 6：时间衔接法 ——“锁定时间线索，梳理事件顺序” 1.核心原理：记叙文或说明事件发展的语篇中，时间词（first、then、later、finally 等）提示事件先后顺序，选项需符合时间逻辑。 2.解题要点： 定位空格前后的时间词，梳理时间线； 选项需符合时间线发展（如前文是 “过去”，选项不能是 “未来”；前文是 “第一步”，选项需是 “第二步”）。 3.真题实例（2022 年 1 月上海卷 Section C）： 原文片段：On July 14, 1960, Jane and Vanne arrived on the shores of Gombe Stream Chimpanzee Reserve... _______. The animals fled from Jane in fear. With patience and determination she researched the forest every day... 选项：A. After measuring shade in schoolyards, researchers have found that most have next to none. A. But studying the chimpanzees of Gombe was not easy. 解析：前文讲 “简到达保护区”，后文讲 “动物害怕逃离，简耐心研究”，选项 A “研究贡贝的黑猩猩并不容易” 承接到达后的处境，符合事件发展顺序，答案选 A。 （建议用时：15分钟） 类型一：逻辑连接词衔接 1.（2023 上海卷 Section C）原文片段：Similar to homeschooling, online school is based around a student’s individualized learning journey. 84 This allows them time to pursue other passions... 选项：A. A flexible schedule allows students to work whenever and wherever they learn best. F. Many misconceptions may continue to build around the two... 答案：A 解析：后文 “This” 指代空格内容，选项 A 中 “flexible schedule” 与 “pursue other passions” 形成逻辑衔接，“flexible schedule” 是 “追求其他爱好” 的前提，符合逻辑连接词隐含的因果关系。 类型二：指代衔接 1.（2021 年 6 月上海卷 Section C）原文片段：One myth about food and health is that eggs are bad for your heart. Although they are indeed high in cholesterol and fat, it's not true that eating eggs every day will damage your heart. _______. 选项：E. This is because the body can deal with the extra cholesterol by reducing the amount it produces. C. Eggs are high in cholesterol and fat despite the fact that they are a nutritious source of energy. 答案：E 解析：前文讲 “每天吃鸡蛋不会伤心脏”，选项 E 中 “This” 指代该观点，“because” 解释原因，且 “extra cholesterol” 呼应前文 “high in cholesterol”，指代与逻辑双重衔接。 类型三：例证衔接 1.（2025 上海卷 Section B）原文片段：The pet food industry has received unkind remarks... Now the industry faces another source of criticism... _______. For example, some pets, due to the food they eat, have a surprisingly high “ecological footprint”. 选项：B. One of the main concerns is the high ecological footprint of some products. D. The answer points to its public finances already under great constant stress. 答案：B 解析：后文 “for example” 举例 “宠物因食物导致高生态足迹”，选项 B 中 “high ecological footprint” 与例证核心一致，是对前文 “新的批评” 的具体说明，符合例证衔接逻辑。 类型四：因果衔接 1.（2022 年 7 月上海卷 Section A）原文片段：The universe expands with every passing second... Hubble’s measurements indicate a faster rate of expansion... _______. This inconsistency has been a subject of scientific inquiry for several years. 选项：C. The discrepancy between these measurements and those from Hubble underscores the need for further investigation. B. However, it remains uncertain whether differences in measurement techniques... 答案：C 解析：前文讲 “哈勃测量的膨胀速度与预期不符”，选项 C 中 “The discrepancy” 指代该不符现象，“underscores the need for further investigation” 是该现象引发的结果，符合因果衔接。 类型五：并列衔接 1.（2021 年 1 月上海卷 Section B）原文片段：Building a low-carbon city requires joint efforts from the government, enterprises and individuals. The government should formulate relevant policies; enterprises should adopt green production methods; _______. 选项：B. besides, individuals can contribute by choosing green travel and saving energy. C. in conclusion, building a low-carbon city is a long-term task. 答案：B 解析：前文用分号列举政府、企业的做法，空格处需是个体的做法，选项 B 用 “besides” 补充个体贡献，与前文形成并列结构，话题统一。 类型六：时间衔接 1.（2023 上海卷 Section A）原文片段：One dusky evening, painted with deep red colors and ethereal purples, an unexpected storm took them off guard... _______. Nestled in a rocky embrace, they clung to each other against the storm’s fury. 选项：C. The familiar trails had vanished in the rain. A. She can bear walking dogs. 答案：C 解析：前文讲 “暴风雨突袭”，后文讲 “在岩石旁依偎”，选项 C “熟悉的小径在雨中消失” 承接暴风雨后的场景，符合时间线发展（突袭→环境变化→避险）。 （建议用时：20分钟） 第一类：单一考点强化练（精准突破核心衔接类型） 1. 逻辑连接词衔接（2025 闵行二模） 原文片段：The ability to distinguish reliable information from falsehood is crucial in the digital age. _______. Therefore, it’s necessary for teenagers to learn how to verify the source of information before accepting it. 选项： A. However, many young people tend to share information without checking its truthfulness. B. Besides, digital literacy can help people protect their personal privacy online. C. In conclusion, digital skills are essential for adapting to modern life. 答案：A 解析：后文 “therefore” 提示因果逻辑，前文需为 “需要学习验证信息” 的原因。选项 A 用 “however” 转折引出 “很多年轻人未经核实就分享信息” 的问题，与后文因果衔接紧密；B 偏离 “信息核实” 话题，C 为总结句与 “therefore” 逻辑重复，排除。 2. 指代衔接（2023 上海卷） 原文片段：Online learning platforms provide a wide range of courses for students. _______. They allow learners to choose courses based on their own interests and learning progress. 选项： A. This flexibility has made online learning increasingly popular among teenagers. B. These platforms are updated regularly with new learning resources. C. It is important for students to manage their time properly when learning online. 答案：B 解析：后文 “they” 为复数代词，指代前文核心名词。前文核心是 “online learning platforms”，选项 B 中 “these platforms” 直接指代该名词，且 “更新资源” 与后文 “自主选择课程” 语义连贯；A 中 “this flexibility” 无前文对应指代对象，C 中 “it” 指代抽象概念与 “they” 不一致，排除。 3. 例证衔接（2025 徐汇二模） 原文片段：AI technology has limitations in medical diagnosis. _______. For example, AI may misdiagnose rare diseases because it lacks sufficient data on such cases. 选项： A. Many hospitals have started to use AI to assist doctors in daily work. B. One of the main drawbacks is its reliance on large amounts of training data. C. AI can quickly analyze medical images and provide preliminary results. 答案：B 解析：后文 “for example” 举例 “AI 因缺乏罕见病数据而误诊”，选项 B 提出 “依赖大量训练数据” 的缺点，与例证核心一致；A、C 均强调 AI 优势，与 “limitations” 话题矛盾，排除。 4. 因果衔接（2022 上海卷） 原文片段：Urban green spaces play an important role in improving air quality. _______. As a result, more and more cities are increasing the area of parks and community gardens. 选项： A. They absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen, reducing air pollution. B. Many people enjoy doing exercise in green spaces on weekends. C. However, some cities lack the space to build new green areas. 答案：A 解析：后文 “as a result” 提示结果，前文需为 “增加绿地” 的原因。选项 A 解释绿色空间 “吸收二氧化碳、减少污染” 的作用，与后文因果逻辑通顺；B 讲人们的休闲需求，非 “改善空气质量” 的核心原因，C 为转折关系与 “as a result” 矛盾，排除。 5. 并列 / 时间衔接（2021 上海卷） 原文片段：To promote sustainable development, we can take many small actions in daily life. _______. Similarly, we can bring reusable bags when shopping to reduce plastic waste. 选项： A. First, we should save electricity by turning off lights when leaving rooms. B. Finally, governments should formulate stricter environmental protection policies. C. In addition, factories should adopt cleaner production technologies. 答案：A 解析：后文 “similarly” 提示并列逻辑，话题需为 “个人日常小行动”。选项 A 列举 “随手关灯” 的个人行为，与 “自带购物袋” 并列；B、C 分别为政府、工厂的举措，偏离 “个人日常” 话题，排除。 第二类：多考点综合运用练（突破复杂衔接） 1. 逻辑连接词 + 指代衔接（2025 上海卷） 原文片段：The pet food industry is under criticism for its environmental impact. _______. They argue that some pet foods have a carbon footprint as high as that of small cars. 选项： A. However, environmentalists have raised serious concerns about it. B. Besides, many pet owners are willing to pay more for eco-friendly products. C. In conclusion, the industry needs to improve its sustainability. 答案：A 解析：后文 “they” 指代前文复数主体，且需与前文形成逻辑关系。选项 A 中 “environmentalists” 为复数（对应 “they”），“however” 转折引出 “环保人士的担忧”，与后文 “批评宠物食品碳足迹高” 衔接；B 中 “pet owners” 与后文 “批评” 语义矛盾，C 为总结句无指代对象，排除。 2. 因果 + 例证衔接（2025 虹口二模） 原文片段：Many traditional crafts are facing the risk of extinction. _______. For instance, young people are less willing to learn complicated crafts like bamboo weaving because they take a long time to master. 选项： A. This is because fewer people are willing to inherit and develop these skills. B. Therefore, the government has launched projects to support craft 传承. C. Such crafts have a long history and unique cultural value. 答案：A 解析：前文为 “传统手艺濒危” 的现象，后文 “for instance” 举例 “年轻人不愿学习”。选项 A 用 “this is because” 解释现象原因，且 “these skills” 指代 “traditional crafts”，与后文例证形成 “原因→例证” 的衔接；B 为结果与例证逻辑不符，C 强调价值无因果关联，排除。 3. 并列 + 逻辑连接词衔接（2026 黄浦一模） 原文片段：Building a low-carbon city requires joint efforts from all sectors of society. The government should introduce preferential policies for green industries; _______. Besides, individuals can contribute by choosing public transport instead of private cars. 选项： A. however, some enterprises are reluctant to invest in green technology. B. enterprises should adopt energy-saving production methods. C. it is also important to raise public awareness of environmental protection. 答案：B 解析：前文用分号列举政府举措，空格处需为并列的 “企业” 举措，后文 “besides” 衔接个体举措。选项 B 与前文 “政府政策” 形成 “政府 - 企业 - 个体” 的并列结构，逻辑连贯；A 为转折关系破坏并列，C 偏离 “具体举措” 话题，排除。 第三类：干扰项排除专项练（规避高频陷阱） 1. 语义相关但衔接不符（2025 浦东二模） 原文片段：Volunteer service helps young people develop a sense of social responsibility. _______. Through interacting with different groups of people, volunteers learn to care for others and contribute to society. 选项： A. Many schools organize volunteer activities for students during holidays. B. It allows teenagers to gain practical experience outside the classroom. C. Volunteer work often requires teamwork and effective communication. 答案：B 解析：干扰项 A、C 均与 “志愿服务” 相关，但 A 讲 “学校组织活动”（外部安排），C 讲 “志愿服务要求”（能力需求），均与后文 “通过互动学会关爱他人” 的 “收获” 衔接不符；选项 B 中 “it” 指代 “volunteer service”，“gain practical experience” 与后文 “学会关爱” 均为志愿服务的收获，衔接紧密，当选。 2. 局部通顺但全局逻辑矛盾（2023 上海卷） 原文片段：Homeschooling offers students a flexible learning schedule. _______. On the other hand, it may limit students’ opportunities to interact with peers and develop social skills. 选项： A. This allows them to focus on their strengths and pursue personal interests. B. However, many parents lack the professional knowledge to teach their children. C. In addition, homeschooling requires a lot of time and energy from parents. 答案：A 解析：后文 “on the other hand” 提示转折，前文需为 homeschooling 的优势。干扰项 B、C 均为劣势，与 “on the other hand” 逻辑矛盾（局部看 “however”“in addition” 通顺，但全局逻辑冲突）；选项 A 讲 “灵活安排的优势”，与后文劣势形成转折，全局逻辑一致，当选。 3. 指代模糊陷阱（2022 上海卷） 原文片段：The development of renewable energy is crucial for reducing carbon emissions. _______. It can help countries achieve their carbon neutrality goals in the long run. 选项： A. This transition from fossil fuels to clean energy requires long-term investment. B. These energy sources include solar, wind and hydro power. C. It is important to promote the use of electric vehicles in urban areas. 答案：A 解析：后文 “it” 指代前文核心话题 “可再生能源发展”。干扰项 B 中 “these energy sources” 指代 “renewable energy”，但后文 “it” 为单数，指代不一致；C 中 “it” 指代 “推广电动车”，与前文话题偏离；选项 A 中 “this transition” 指代 “可再生能源发展”（从化石燃料到清洁能源的转变），与后文 “it” 指代一致，衔接通顺，当选。 （建议用时：30分钟） Passage 1 The Joy of Small Museums Of the 2, 500 museums estimated to exist around the UK, the great national institutions take all the air, with their popular shows and rows over funding, return of seized treasures and — in the case of the British Museum — reported thefts. 1 From their earliest days, critics have challenged their tendency to collect and display the remains of empires. The writer G. K. Chesterton once remarked that the Museum is not meant either for the wanderer to see by accident, but rather for the mere slave of a routine of self-education to stuff himself with every sort of intellectual food in one indigestible meal. But there are hundreds of smaller museums, often founded by enthusiasts, that make an incalculable contribution to cultural life. For those financed through local authorities, the past decade and a half has been harsh, with spending on England’s museums and galleries falling by more than a third. 2 The Musical Museum is a case in point. It was founded in an abandoned church by Frank Holland to house his growing collection of instruments, and he sold his home to support it. It has since moved to a new building, from where it streams concerts on the Mighty Wurlitzer. 3 Volunteers rolled up their sleeves and responded by launching a 60th-anniversary appeal, which is on the point of reaching its target. 4 They embody many different enthusiasms, from pens (Birmingham) to dog collars (Kent). Such institutions are labours of love. They are also statements of what individuals or communities want to save of, and for, themselves  — and the work they will put into preserving it. They are the stories of what we have been and who we are. A．But as Mr Holland’s fund ran dry, the museum had to lay off staff and cut opening hours. B．Yet collecting is a basic human instinct, and the will to share collections is strong. C．Have you heard about the museum of clocks that may have to be closed unless the founder can find someone to keep it running when he retires? D．Doubts about the size and purpose of such vast institutions are nothing new. E．But if proof of living value were needed, one of their members provided it two years ago. F．This is a story that will ring bells with many small museums. 【答案】1．D 2．F 3．A 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章讲述了英国一些由爱好者或地方政府创办的小型博物馆面临的困境以及这些小型机构的意义。 1．前文“Of the 2, 500 museums estimated to exist around the UK, the great national institutions take all the air, with their popular shows and rows over funding, return of seized treasures and — in the case of the British Museum — reported thefts.(据估计，英国境内共有2500家博物馆，其中，大型国家级博物馆占据了所有版面，它们举办的热门展览以及围绕资金、归还被扣押的珍宝（以及大英博物馆报道的盗窃案）的争论都备受关注。)”提到英国大型国家级博物馆备受关注，并列举其争议（资金、文物归还、盗窃案），后文“From their earliest days, critics have challenged their tendency to collect and display the remains of empires.(从它们成立之初，批评者就对其收集和展示帝国遗迹的倾向提出了质疑。)”提到批评者对大型国家博物馆的质疑。空格处需衔接“大型博物馆的争议”与“批评者的质疑历史”，D项“对这类庞大机构的规模和目的的怀疑并非新鲜事)”承上启下，符合逻辑。故选D。 2．前文“For those financed through local authorities, the past decade and a half has been harsh, with spending on England’s museums and galleries falling by more than a third.(对于那些由地方政府资助的博物馆来说，过去的15年是艰难的，英格兰博物馆和画廊的支出下降了三分之一以上)”提到由地方政府资助的博物馆举步维艰，后文“ The Musical Museum is a case in point. It was founded in an abandoned church by Frank Holland to house his growing collection of instruments, and he sold his home to support it. (它是由弗兰克·霍兰德在一个废弃的教堂里建立的，用来存放他越来越多的乐器收藏，他卖掉了自己的房子来支持它。)”空格前讲小型博物馆的普遍困境，空格后是具体案例，空格处需承上启下，从 “普遍困境” 过渡到 “具体例子”，且可能隐含 “这类困境在小型博物馆中很常见” 的含义。F项“这类困境在小型博物馆中很常见”符合语境。故选F。 3．前文“It was founded in an abandoned church by Frank Holland to house his growing collection of instruments, and he sold his home to support it. It has since moved to a new building, from where it streams concerts on the Mighty Wurlitzer.(它是由弗兰克·霍兰德在一个废弃的教堂里建立的，用来存放他越来越多的乐器收藏，他卖掉了自己的房子来支持它。此后，它搬到了一座新楼，在那里通过Mighty Wurlitzer播放音乐会)”描述了音乐博物馆创始人卖掉房子维持运转，后文“Volunteers rolled up their sleeves and responded by launching a 60th-anniversary appeal, which is on the point of reaching its target.(志愿者们挽起袖子，发起了60周年纪念呼吁，即将达到目标)”提到志愿者的加入，由此推知音乐博物馆面临严重的经济困难，A项“但随着霍兰德的资金枯竭，博物馆不得不裁员并缩短开放时间”符合语境，故选A。 4．后文“They embody many different enthusiasms, from pens (Birmingham) to dog collars (Kent).(它们体现了许多不同的热情，从钢笔（伯明翰）到狗项圈（肯特）)”提到两个博物馆的两个展品，B项“然而，收藏是人类的一种基本本能，他们分享收藏品的意愿很强烈”符合语境，与上文“小型地方博物馆面临困境”形成语义上的转折，B项中“collections”是下文“They”的指代对象，且呼应“from pens (Birmingham) to dog collars (Kent)”，故选B。 Passage 2 African Union urges adoption of world map showing continent’s true size The African Union has supported a campaign to stop using the Mercator world map. The “Correct The Map” initiative urges governments and international organizations to use maps that show the true size of Africa. 1 It makes areas near the poles, such as North America and Europe, appear larger, while reducing lands near the equator like Africa. And it creates a false idea of Africa as less important, even though it is the world’s second-largest continent in both area and population.This incorrect view helps continue stereotypes (刻板印象) that affect international media, education, and policy. Although criticism of the Mercator map is not new, the campaign has brought back the debate. 2 This correction is vital because, as Moky Makura of Africa No Filter explains, Africa has long been presented in a misleading way on world maps. Nevertheless, the Mercator map remains widely used in schools and across the tech industry. This widespread use is obvious in its status as the standard map for countless educational resources. 3 4 Seeing Africa shown smaller on world maps hurts people’s pride and harms children’s self-image. “We are working to make the Equal Earth projection the main map used in classrooms across Africa,” said Fara Ndiaye, co-founder of Speak Up Africa. In support of this educational effort, the African Union will encourage wider use of correct maps among its member states. A．The Mercator map, a 16th-century navigation tool, misrepresents the world’s continents. B．Besides, the Mercator maps can greatly influence people’s sense of cultural identity. C．Similarly, it still serves as the main world map on many digital platforms and mobile apps. D．However, changing classroom materials alone won’t fully address public misconceptions. E．It encourages the use of the 2018 Equal Earth projection to show countries’ sizes correctly F．Experts argue modern mapping tools have made traditional world projections less important. 【答案】1．A 2．E 3．C 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍非盟呼吁采用能展现非洲真实面积的地图，反对误导性的墨卡托地图，以纠正认知偏见。 1．根据空后句子“It makes areas near the poles, such as North America and Europe, appear larger, while reducing lands near the equator like Africa. (它使两极附近的区域，如北美和欧洲，看起来更大，同时缩小了赤道附近的陆地，比如非洲)”可知，此空应介绍墨卡托地图存在面积失真的问题。A选项“The Mercator map, a 16th-century navigation tool, misrepresents the world’s continents (墨卡托地图是16世纪的一种导航工具，它歪曲了世界各大洲的面积)”直接点明墨卡托地图的缺陷，且与后文内容紧密衔接，符合语境。故选A项。 2．根据空前“Although criticism of the Mercator map is not new, the campaign has brought back the debate. (尽管对墨卡托地图的批评并不是新鲜事，但这项运动重新引发了争论)”以及空后“This correction is vital because, as Moky Makura of Africa No Filter explains, Africa has long been presented in a misleading way on world maps. (这种修正至关重要，因为正如“非洲无滤镜”组织的莫基·马库拉所解释的那样，非洲在世界地图上长期以来一直以一种误导性的方式呈现)”可知，此空应说明该运动提出的修正方案。E选项“It encourages the use of the 2018 Equal Earth projection to show countries’ sizes correctly (该运动鼓励使用2018年的等地球投影法来正确显示各国的面积)”中的it指代前文的“the campaign”，且“correctly”与后文的“correction”相呼应，符合语境。故选E项。 3．根据空前“This widespread use is obvious in its status as the standard map for countless educational resources. (它作为无数教育资源的标准地图，其广泛使用程度显而易见)”可知，此空应进一步说明墨卡托地图的广泛应用场景。C选项“Similarly, it still serves as the main world map on many digital platforms and mobile apps. (同样，它仍然是许多数字平台和移动应用程序上的主要世界地图)”中的“similarly”承接前文，且“many digital platforms and mobile apps”是对墨卡托地图应用范围的补充，符合语境。故选C项。 4．根据空后句子“Seeing Africa shown smaller on world maps hurts people’s pride and harms children’s self-image. (看到非洲在世界地图上被画得更小，会伤害人们的自尊心，损害儿童的自我形象)”可知，此空应引出墨卡托地图对人们认知和心理层面的影响。B选项“Besides, the Mercator maps can greatly influence people’s sense of cultural identity (此外，墨卡托地图还会极大地影响人们的文化认同感)”中的“besides”表示递进关系，且“cultural identity”与后文的“pride”以及“self-image”相契合，符合语境。故选B项。 Passage 3 How a Snack Is Born? Are you feeling slightly hungry? Maybe it’s a while until your next meal, so perhaps now you’re thinking about reaching for a brightly coloured wrapper with something delicious inside. Maybe it’s time for a snack. You’re not alone; we all do it. 1 First, companies have to work out what people have an appetite for. Traditionally, they might just have asked people about their snack habits. 2 Companies can search the Internet for every restaurant menu in a specific market, looking out for the latest taste trends and in-demand ingredients (原料). 3 When British supermarkets are encouraged to remove unhealthy snacks from the shelves next to where people line up, companies quickly introduced healthier treats. They can also reflect different histories of population movement. One British snack company found that flavours common in South Asian cuisine sold well in the UK, but less so in the US, where there is less of a tradition of Indian food. And demand for more sustainability has led some entrepreneurs (创业者) to experiment with using insects as an alternative source of protein for snacks. Other brands market themselves as offering a fairer price to the producers of the raw ingredients. Of course, what might seem like the perfect idea might not actually be that practical. Ingredients that work well in a restaurant might not work on biscuits or chips. 4 Some designs might need expensive packaging to protect them, which stops them being profitable. There are many factors that influence our snacks. Those that are successful reflect our tastes and concerns but can be limited by the production process. A．Snack trends also change over time. B．In today’s digital age, apps can ask customers to pick the flavors they fancy. C．Flavours that are popular in one country can completely fail in another market. D．How much work goes into developing and making the snacks that we all know and love? E．Snacks with fresh ingredients may have too short a shelf life to be a marketable product. F．Even when a healthier version is launched, it often costs more than the original option. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．E 【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了零食开发背后的工作流程及影响因素。 1．上文“Maybe it’s time for a snack. You’re not alone; we all do it. (也许是时候吃点心了。并不是你一个人这样；我们都会这么做)”提到想吃零食的日常场景，下文“First, companies have to work out what people have an appetite for. (首先，企业得弄清楚人们想吃什么)”开始介绍零食开发的流程。选项D“我们熟知且喜爱的零食，其开发和制作要投入多少工作呢？”以问句衔接上文的“吃零食”行为，引出下文“零食开发”的主题，符合语境。故选D。 2．上文“Traditionally, they might just have asked people about their snack habits. (传统上，他们可能只是询问人们的零食习惯)” 介绍了过去的调研方式，下文 “Companies can search the Internet for every restaurant menu in a specific market, looking out for the latest taste trends and in-demand ingredients (原料). (企业可以在网上搜索特定市场里所有餐厅的菜单，寻找最新的口味趋势和热门食材)”说明现在的数字化调研方式。选项B“在如今的数字时代，应用程序可以让顾客挑选自己喜欢的口味”承接“传统的调研方式”，引出“现在的数字调研方式”，形成今昔对比，符合语境。故选B。 3．下文“When British supermarkets are encouraged to remove unhealthy snacks from the shelves next to where people line up, companies quickly introduced healthier treats. They can also reflect different histories of population movement. (当英国超市被鼓励将不健康的零食从人们排队旁边的货架上撤下时，企业很快推出了更健康的零食。它们也能反映不同的人口流动史)”等内容，说明零食趋势会随时间、外界因素变化。选项A“零食趋势也会随时间变化”作为段落主旨句，总领下文关于趋势变化的具体例子，符合语境。故选A。 4．上文“Ingredients that work well in a restaurant might not work on biscuits or chips. (在餐厅里效果好的原料，可能并不适用于饼干或薯片)”说明零食开发中原料的实际适用性问题，下文“Some designs might need expensive packaging to protect them, which stops them being profitable. (有些设计可能需要昂贵的包装来保护它们，这阻碍了它们的盈利)”是另一个实际限制。选项E“使用新鲜原料的零食保质期可能太短，无法成为有销路的产品”承接“原料适用性”的话题，补充了原料带来的实际问题，符合语境。故选E。 Passage 4 Life in space Many people consider it exciting to travel to space, often imagining the fancy images of stars and planets from science-fiction movies or expensive commercial spaceflights. Yet the reality of life beyond Earth is far harsher than the cinematic fantasies suggest. 1 Astronauts and scientists on the International Space Station (ISS) can’t jump into a shower or take a relaxing bath. Instead, they have to rely on washing with a cloth and using special shampoos to stay clean. Even using the bathroom becomes a difficult process, involving bags, tubes and toilets designed to prohibit waste from floating around. Eating is another adventure. Without gravity to hold food in place, food and liquids float in all directions, which can damage equipment. To address this problem, astronauts eat most of their meals from sealed containers and drink liquids from special bags. While these solutions are clever, the menu is often limited. 2 Living off-world wears down astronauts’ bodies in other ways as well. In microgravity, body fluids (体液) shift upward, disturbing normal blood movement around the body and even damaging eyesight. 3 Without the pull of gravity to resist their movements, astronauts’ muscles and bones start to weaken over time. So, NASA recommends that astronauts exercise for around two hours each day using machines that are designed for training in microgravity. 4 Cancer research, for example, has received a major boost from ISS studies. In these weightless conditions, scientists have been able to grow and study blood vessel (血管) cells. This research enables them to test new drugs that could block a cancer growth’s ability to develop its own blood supply. A．Even with all these hardships, space allows discoveries impossible on Earth. B．This repetitive diet often results in loss of appetite, posing health risks over time. C．To keep food from drifting away, astronauts often stick bread to the table with special tape. D．Additionally, staying physically fit in space requires much more effort than it does on Earth. E．Clearly, living off-world in a microgravity environment requires careful planning and training. F．With muscles becoming weaker, astronauts are advised to lift heavier weights than they do on Earth. 【答案】1．E 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了太空生活的真实情况，包括清洁、饮食、身体影响及科学发现等方面的挑战与机遇。 1．由下文“Astronauts and scientists on the International Space Station (ISS) can’t jump into a shower or take a relaxing bath. Instead, they have to rely on washing with a cloth and using special shampoos to stay clean. Even using the bathroom becomes a difficult process, involving bags, tubes and toilets designed to prohibit waste from floating around.(国际空间站上的宇航员和科学家不能跳进淋浴间或洗个舒服的澡。相反，他们必须依靠用布清洗和使用特殊的洗发水来保持清洁。即使是上厕所也变成了一个困难的过程，包括使用袋子、管子和专门设计的厕所，以防止废物漂浮)”可知，本段主要讲述太空生活缺乏个人卫生设施，需要特殊规划和训练。E选项“Clearly, living off-world in a microgravity environment requires careful planning and training.(显然，在微重力环境下生活在地球之外需要仔细的规划和训练)”能够概括本段内容，符合语境。故选E。 2．由上文“While these solutions are clever, the menu is often limited.(虽然这些解决方案很巧妙，但菜单往往很有限)”可知，本空应承接上文，说明有限的菜单会带来的问题。B选项“This repetitive diet often results in loss of appetite, posing health risks over time.(这种重复的饮食往往会导致食欲不振，随着时间的推移会对健康构成风险)”能够承接上文，说明有限菜单的负面影响，符合语境。故选B。 3．由上文“Living off-world wears down astronauts’ bodies in other ways as well. In microgravity, body fluids(体液) shift upward, disturbing normal blood movement around the body and even damaging eyesight.(生活在地球之外也会以其他方式磨损宇航员的身体。在微重力环境下，体液会向上移动，干扰正常的血液在身体周围的流动，甚至损害视力)”以及下文“Without the pull of gravity to resist their movements, astronauts’ muscles and bones start to weaken over time. So, NASA recommends that astronauts exercise for around two hours each day using machines that are designed for training in microgravity.(没有重力的拉力来抵抗他们的运动，宇航员的肌肉和骨骼会随着时间的推移而开始变弱。因此，美国宇航局建议宇航员每天使用专为微重力训练设计的机器锻炼大约两个小时)”可知，本空应强调在太空保持身体健康需要付出更多努力。D选项“Additionally, staying physically fit in space requires much more effort than it does on Earth.(此外，在太空中保持身体健康比在地球上需要更多的努力)”能够承接上文，并引出下文关于宇航员锻炼的建议，符合语境。故选D。 4．由下文“Cancer research, for example, has received a major boost from ISS studies. In these weightless conditions, scientists have been able to grow and study blood vessel (血管) cells. This research enables them to test new drugs that could block a cancer growth’s ability to develop its own blood supply.(例如，癌症研究得到了国际空间站研究的重大推动。在这些失重条件下，科学家们已经能够培养和研究血管细胞。这项研究使他们能够测试新药物，这些药物可以阻止癌症生长发展自身血液供应的能力)”可知，本空应强调相对于地球太空环境对科学研究的独特价值。A选项“Even with all these hardships, space allows discoveries impossible on Earth.(尽管有这些困难，太空仍然允许进行在地球上不可能的发现)”能够概括本段内容，符合语境。故选A。 Passage 5 Am I Being Tracked? Technology enables people to do many extraordinary things, but it can also be misused and cause harm. Fortunately, additional developments can counter some of these negative uses of technology. 1 Bluetooth location trackers were designed to help people recover lost items, such as suitcases or wallets. They can also be placed in cars to help a person find their car if it gets stolen. But they can also be planted in someone else’s bag or car without that person’s permission to track them without their knowledge. 2 Unfortunately, people who choose to track others often have bad motives that place the people they track in great danger. 3 But if yours doesn’t or if you want to be able to detect more brands of trackers, you can download apps that will do a more thorough job. Tracker detection apps notify the phone’s owner if the phone detects a tracker that has been near it for an extended time. There is often a delay between when the tracker is detected and when the notification is sent. 4 For example, if someone has a tracker on their key and walks past you in a public place, that will not trigger a notification. But if the tracker remains near you for a whole day, especially if you are moving, it is probably on something you own, and the app will notify you. If you suspect that someone is tracking you, take action now to avoid a potentially dangerous situation. A．So if you place a tracker in your own bag, for example, it will not activate the app. B．Bluetooth trackers are small, so victims of tracking seldom find them if they do not know to search for them. C．That way, if they misplace the object the tracker is attached to, they can look up the information to find it again. D．Smartphones can search for trackers, and some now have built-in settings that will send you a notification if you are being tracked. E．This is the case with tracking technology, which has undergone many improvements in recent years. F．This is meant to avoid false alarms in case the tracker belongs to someone else who just happens to be nearby. 【答案】1．E 2．B 3．D 4．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了蓝牙定位追踪器的用途、滥用风险，以及检测追踪器的方法。 1．上文“Technology enables people to do many extraordinary things, but it can also be misused and cause harm. Fortunately, additional developments can counter some of these negative uses of technology. (技术能让人做很多非凡之事，但也会被滥用造成危害，幸运的是，更多技术发展能对抗这些负面用途)”提到“技术的双面性”和“技术发展”，下文“Bluetooth location trackers were designed to help people recover lost items, such as suitcases or wallets. (蓝牙定位追踪器的设计是为了帮助人们找回丢失的物品，比如手提箱或钱包)”介绍了“蓝牙定位追踪器”的设计初衷。选项E“追踪技术就是如此，近年来它经历了诸多改进”衔接“技术进步”与“追踪技术”的主题，符合语境。故选E。 2．上文“But they can also be planted in someone else’s bag or car without that person’s permission to track them without their knowledge. (但它们也会被未经许可放入他人包或车中，在对方不知情的情况下追踪)”说明追踪器的滥用风险，下文“Unfortunately, people who choose to track others often have bad motives that place the people they track in great danger.(不幸的是，那些选择跟踪别人的人往往有不好的动机，把他们跟踪的人置于极大的危险之中)”进一步强调危害。选项B“蓝牙追踪器很小，所以被追踪者如果不知道去寻找，就很少能发现它们”解释了“滥用追踪器难以被察觉”的原因，衔接上下文，符合语境。故选B。 3．下文“But if yours doesn’t or if  you want to be able to detect more brands of trackers, you can download  apps that will do a more thorough job.(但如果你的手机没有，或者你想检测更多品牌的追踪器，你可以下载能做更彻底工作的应用程序)”出现转折，说明可下载应用的情况。选项D“智能手机可以搜索追踪器，有些智能手机现在有内置设置，如果你被追踪，它会向你发送通知”介绍了“设备自带的追踪检测功能”，与下文的转折逻辑一致，符合语境。故选D。 4．上文“There is often a delay between when the tracker is detected and when the notification is sent. (追踪器被检测到和通知发出之间通常会有延迟)”说明检测通知的延迟特点，下文“For example, if someone has a tracker on their key and walks past you in a public place, that will not trigger a notification. But if the tracker remains near you for a whole day, especially if you are moving, it is probably on something you own, and the app will notify you. (例如，若他人钥匙上的追踪器在公共场合经过你，不会触发通知；但如果追踪器一整天都在你附近，尤其是在你移动的时候，它很可能是在你自己的东西上，应用程序会通知你)”举例说明延迟的原因。选项F“这是为了避免误报，以防追踪器属于恰好附近的其他人”解释了“通知延迟”的目的，衔接上下文，符合语境。故选F。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 重难点09 六选四：语篇衔接突破法 ( 内容导航 速度提升 技巧掌握 手感养成 重难考向聚焦 锁定目标 精准打击： 明确近 5 年题型分布、命题特征，精准定位提分重点 重难技巧突破 授予利器 瓦解难点： 拆解逻辑衔接、指代衔接、语义衔接、结构衔接四大核心技巧，搭配真题实例深化理解 重难保分练 稳扎稳打 必拿分数 ： 针对单一衔接类型训练，夯实语篇连贯基本功 重难抢分练 突破瓶颈 争夺高分： 聚焦衔接词辨析、语义呼应、干扰项排除，提升答题准确性 重难冲刺练 模拟实战 挑战顶尖： 完整语篇训练，还原命题场景，强化时间把控与答题效率 ) 考点 五年考情（2021-2025真题+2025模考） 命题趋势 考点 1：逻辑连接词衔接（占衔接题 35%） 2023 上海卷 — 通过 “however” 衔接时间对比；2022 上海卷 — 通过 “therefore” 衔接因果推导；2021 上海卷 — 通过 “besides” 衔接并列列举；2025 杨浦二模 — 通过 “for example” 衔接观点与例证；2025 闵行二模 — 通过 “in conclusion” 衔接总结句 1. 显性连接词（but/so/besides）占比提升，需精准匹配逻辑关系；2. 隐性逻辑（无连接词）题量增加，需通过语义推导；3. 干扰项常含 “逻辑矛盾的连接词”，需结合上下文验证 考点 2：指代衔接（占衔接题 20%） 2025 上海卷 — 通过 “these” 衔接前文观察结果；2023 上海卷 — 通过 “it” 指代前文概念；2022 上海卷 — 通过 “this” 指代观点；2025 浦东二模 — 通过 “such” 衔接前文事例；2025 静安三模 — 通过 “they” 指代复数名词 1. 代词与指代对象的 “单复数 / 语义匹配” 为核心考点；2. 指代对象多为前句核心名词或前文整体内容；3. 避免 “指代模糊” 的干扰项（无对应对象） 考点 3：例证衔接（占衔接题 15%） 2025 上海卷 — 通过 “for example” 衔接 “生态足迹” 观点；2021 上海卷 — 通过 “such as” 衔接 “低碳措施” 列举；2025 徐汇二模 — 通过具体事例支撑 “AI 应用限制” 观点；2025 普陀二模 — 通过案例补充 “合作重要性” 论点 1. 观点句多为概括性表述，例证句含具体细节（数据 / 事件）；2. 需确保 “观点 - 例证” 的核心话题一致；3. 干扰项常为 “与观点无关的事例” 考点 4：因果衔接（占衔接题 15%） 2025 上海卷 — 衔接 “高温问题” 与 “遮阳解决方案”；2023 上海卷 — 衔接 “研究发现” 与 “结论推导”；2022 上海卷 — 衔接 “现象” 与 “原因解释”；2025 虹口二模 — 衔接 “问题” 与 “应对措施” 1. 显性因果词（because/so）与隐性因果（lead to/result in）均会考查；2. 需梳理 “原因→结果” 的逻辑链条，避免因果倒置；3. 干扰项常为 “无关因果的表述” 考点 5：并列 / 时间衔接（占衔接题 15%） 2021 上海卷 — 通过分号衔接 “政府 / 企业 / 个体” 的并列举措；2023 上海卷 — 通过 “first/then” 衔接事件顺序；2025 松江二模 — 通过 “similarly” 衔接同类观点；2025 黄浦二模 — 通过时间词衔接叙事流程 1. 并列衔接需保持 “话题 / 结构” 一致；2. 时间衔接需符合事件发展的先后顺序；3. 干扰项常为 “话题偏离的并列项” 或 “时间逻辑矛盾的表述” 技巧 1：逻辑连接词衔接 ——“锁定信号词，匹配逻辑关系” 1.核心原理：逻辑连接词（however、therefore、in addition 等）直接提示句间关系（转折、因果、并列等），选项需符合该逻辑指向。 2.解题要点： 重点关注转折（but/however）、因果（so/therefore）、并列（also/besides）、总结（in conclusion）类连接词； 选项需与连接词提示的逻辑一致（如转折词后需表相反语义，因果词后需表结果）。 3.真题实例（2023 上海卷 Section C）： 原文片段：Homeschooling is not a new concept... 82 Parents relied on workbooks and other printed materials to supplement their lessons. Today, there aren’t only more tangible resources... 选项：A. A flexible schedule allows students to work whenever and wherever they learn best. D. There may have been limited resources available when the homeschooling movement was first adopted. 解析：后文 “Today” 与前文形成时间对比，空格处需体现早期家庭教育的特点，选项 D 中 “limited resources” 与后文 “more tangible resources” 形成对比，符合时间逻辑与语义衔接，答案选 D。 技巧 2：指代衔接 ——“追踪指代线索，锁定指代对象” 1.核心原理：代词（it、they、this、these 等）必然指代前文提到的人、事、物，选项需包含该指代对象，确保语义连贯。 2.解题要点： 定位空格前后的代词，明确其指代属性（单数 / 复数、人 / 物）； 选项需出现与指代对象一致的核心名词或对应表述。 3.真题实例（2021 年 1 月上海卷 Section C）： 原文片段：The pet food industry is facing criticism for its environmental impact. _______. For example, some cat foods have a high carbon footprint... 选项：A. Many people are starting to choose eco-friendly pet food. B. One of the main concerns is the high ecological footprint of some products. 解析：后文 “for example” 后举例 “cat foods have a high carbon footprint”，选项 B 中 “high ecological footprint” 与例证核心一致，且 “some products” 指代前文 “pet food”，衔接紧密，答案选 B。 技巧 3：例证衔接 ——“观点 + 例证匹配，话题保持一致” 1.核心原理：语篇中常出现 “观点句 + 例证句” 结构，例证需精准支撑观点，选项若为观点句需涵盖例证核心，若为例证句需贴合观点话题。 2.解题要点： 观点句多为概括性表述，例证句含具体事例（for example、such as 等信号词）； 选项与前后文需围绕同一核心话题展开（如观点讲 “环保措施”，例证需是具体环保行为）。 3.真题实例（2022 年 7 月上海卷 Section C）： 原文片段：Jane observes meat-eating for the first time October 30, 1961. Later, she sees the chimpanzees hunt for meat. _______. 选项：C. These observations disprove the widely held belief that chimpanzees are vegetarian. F. Some scholars and scientists give Jane a cold reception and criticize her for giving the chimpanzees names. 解析：前文描述 “简观察到黑猩猩吃肉、捕猎”，选项 C 中 “These observations” 指代前文观察内容，且 “disprove...chimpanzees are vegetarian” 是对观察结果的合理推导，符合例证 - 结论衔接，答案选 C。 技巧 4：因果衔接 ——“梳理因果链条，衔接原因与结果” 1.核心原理：语篇中存在明确因果关系（显性：because、so；隐性：lead to、result in），选项需填补原因或结果，确保因果逻辑通顺。 2.解题要点： 若前文讲原因，选项需表合理结果；若前文讲结果，选项需释原因； 避免因果倒置或无关因果的干扰项。 3.真题实例（2025 上海卷 Section C）： 原文片段：As the first and last weeks of school keep getting hotter... recess might be moved indoors day after day. _______. Shade can make a person feel much cooler. 选项：F. The quickest way to keep playgrounds open through extreme heat is to get them out of direct sunlight. E. The development of such an ability requires support from all levels. 解析：前文讲 “高温导致课间休息移至室内”，后文讲 “遮阳能降温”，选项 F 提出 “避免阳光直射是高温天开放操场的最快方式”，承接前文问题并引出后文解决方案，形成 “问题 - 原因 - 解决办法” 的因果逻辑，答案选 F。 技巧 5：并列衔接 ——“匹配并列结构，话题保持统一” 1.核心原理：语篇中常出现 “并列列举” 结构（观点、事例、特征并列），选项需与前文在话题、结构上保持一致。 2.解题要点： 识别并列信号词（and、also、similarly、in addition 等）； 匹配话题（如前文讲 “团队合作的好处”，选项也需是团队合作的好处）； 匹配结构（前文为动宾结构，选项也需保持一致）。 3.真题实例（2023 上海卷 Section B）： 原文片段：The motivated sequence can be used to structure many different sorts of speeches. It could be used, for example, in a speech urging your classmates to join a blood donors’ association. _______. 选项：D. A speech on the environmental and economic crisis. B. A speech to get your friends to promote a blood donors’ association. 解析：前文列举 “动员同学加入献血协会的演讲”，选项 D “关于环境和经济危机的演讲” 是并列的另一种演讲类型，符合 “多种演讲结构” 的并列话题，答案选 D。 技巧 6：时间衔接法 ——“锁定时间线索，梳理事件顺序” 1.核心原理：记叙文或说明事件发展的语篇中，时间词（first、then、later、finally 等）提示事件先后顺序，选项需符合时间逻辑。 2.解题要点： 定位空格前后的时间词，梳理时间线； 选项需符合时间线发展（如前文是 “过去”，选项不能是 “未来”；前文是 “第一步”，选项需是 “第二步”）。 3.真题实例（2022 年 1 月上海卷 Section C）： 原文片段：On July 14, 1960, Jane and Vanne arrived on the shores of Gombe Stream Chimpanzee Reserve... _______. The animals fled from Jane in fear. With patience and determination she researched the forest every day... 选项：A. After measuring shade in schoolyards, researchers have found that most have next to none. A. But studying the chimpanzees of Gombe was not easy. 解析：前文讲 “简到达保护区”，后文讲 “动物害怕逃离，简耐心研究”，选项 A “研究贡贝的黑猩猩并不容易” 承接到达后的处境，符合事件发展顺序，答案选 A。 （建议用时：15分钟） 类型一：逻辑连接词衔接 1.（2023 上海卷 Section C）原文片段：Similar to homeschooling, online school is based around a student’s individualized learning journey. 84 This allows them time to pursue other passions... 选项：A. A flexible schedule allows students to work whenever and wherever they learn best. F. Many misconceptions may continue to build around the two... 答案：A 解析：后文 “This” 指代空格内容，选项 A 中 “flexible schedule” 与 “pursue other passions” 形成逻辑衔接，“flexible schedule” 是 “追求其他爱好” 的前提，符合逻辑连接词隐含的因果关系。 类型二：指代衔接 1.（2021 年 6 月上海卷 Section C）原文片段：One myth about food and health is that eggs are bad for your heart. Although they are indeed high in cholesterol and fat, it's not true that eating eggs every day will damage your heart. _______. 选项：E. This is because the body can deal with the extra cholesterol by reducing the amount it produces. C. Eggs are high in cholesterol and fat despite the fact that they are a nutritious source of energy. 答案：E 解析：前文讲 “每天吃鸡蛋不会伤心脏”，选项 E 中 “This” 指代该观点，“because” 解释原因，且 “extra cholesterol” 呼应前文 “high in cholesterol”，指代与逻辑双重衔接。 类型三：例证衔接 1.（2025 上海卷 Section B）原文片段：The pet food industry has received unkind remarks... Now the industry faces another source of criticism... _______. For example, some pets, due to the food they eat, have a surprisingly high “ecological footprint”. 选项：B. One of the main concerns is the high ecological footprint of some products. D. The answer points to its public finances already under great constant stress. 答案：B 解析：后文 “for example” 举例 “宠物因食物导致高生态足迹”，选项 B 中 “high ecological footprint” 与例证核心一致，是对前文 “新的批评” 的具体说明，符合例证衔接逻辑。 类型四：因果衔接 1.（2022 年 7 月上海卷 Section A）原文片段：The universe expands with every passing second... Hubble’s measurements indicate a faster rate of expansion... _______. This inconsistency has been a subject of scientific inquiry for several years. 选项：C. The discrepancy between these measurements and those from Hubble underscores the need for further investigation. B. However, it remains uncertain whether differences in measurement techniques... 答案：C 解析：前文讲 “哈勃测量的膨胀速度与预期不符”，选项 C 中 “The discrepancy” 指代该不符现象，“underscores the need for further investigation” 是该现象引发的结果，符合因果衔接。 类型五：并列衔接 1.（2021 年 1 月上海卷 Section B）原文片段：Building a low-carbon city requires joint efforts from the government, enterprises and individuals. The government should formulate relevant policies; enterprises should adopt green production methods; _______. 选项：B. besides, individuals can contribute by choosing green travel and saving energy. C. in conclusion, building a low-carbon city is a long-term task. 答案：B 解析：前文用分号列举政府、企业的做法，空格处需是个体的做法，选项 B 用 “besides” 补充个体贡献，与前文形成并列结构，话题统一。 类型六：时间衔接 1.（2023 上海卷 Section A）原文片段：One dusky evening, painted with deep red colors and ethereal purples, an unexpected storm took them off guard... _______. Nestled in a rocky embrace, they clung to each other against the storm’s fury. 选项：C. The familiar trails had vanished in the rain. A. She can bear walking dogs. 答案：C 解析：前文讲 “暴风雨突袭”，后文讲 “在岩石旁依偎”，选项 C “熟悉的小径在雨中消失” 承接暴风雨后的场景，符合时间线发展（突袭→环境变化→避险）。 （建议用时：20分钟） 第一类：单一考点强化练（精准突破核心衔接类型） 1. 逻辑连接词衔接（2025 闵行二模） 原文片段：The ability to distinguish reliable information from falsehood is crucial in the digital age. _______. Therefore, it’s necessary for teenagers to learn how to verify the source of information before accepting it. 选项： A. However, many young people tend to share information without checking its truthfulness. B. Besides, digital literacy can help people protect their personal privacy online. C. In conclusion, digital skills are essential for adapting to modern life. 答案：A 解析：后文 “therefore” 提示因果逻辑，前文需为 “需要学习验证信息” 的原因。选项 A 用 “however” 转折引出 “很多年轻人未经核实就分享信息” 的问题，与后文因果衔接紧密；B 偏离 “信息核实” 话题，C 为总结句与 “therefore” 逻辑重复，排除。 2. 指代衔接（2023 上海卷） 原文片段：Online learning platforms provide a wide range of courses for students. _______. They allow learners to choose courses based on their own interests and learning progress. 选项： A. This flexibility has made online learning increasingly popular among teenagers. B. These platforms are updated regularly with new learning resources. C. It is important for students to manage their time properly when learning online. 答案：B 解析：后文 “they” 为复数代词，指代前文核心名词。前文核心是 “online learning platforms”，选项 B 中 “these platforms” 直接指代该名词，且 “更新资源” 与后文 “自主选择课程” 语义连贯；A 中 “this flexibility” 无前文对应指代对象，C 中 “it” 指代抽象概念与 “they” 不一致，排除。 3. 例证衔接（2025 徐汇二模） 原文片段：AI technology has limitations in medical diagnosis. _______. For example, AI may misdiagnose rare diseases because it lacks sufficient data on such cases. 选项： A. Many hospitals have started to use AI to assist doctors in daily work. B. One of the main drawbacks is its reliance on large amounts of training data. C. AI can quickly analyze medical images and provide preliminary results. 答案：B 解析：后文 “for example” 举例 “AI 因缺乏罕见病数据而误诊”，选项 B 提出 “依赖大量训练数据” 的缺点，与例证核心一致；A、C 均强调 AI 优势，与 “limitations” 话题矛盾，排除。 4. 因果衔接（2022 上海卷） 原文片段：Urban green spaces play an important role in improving air quality. _______. As a result, more and more cities are increasing the area of parks and community gardens. 选项： A. They absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen, reducing air pollution. B. Many people enjoy doing exercise in green spaces on weekends. C. However, some cities lack the space to build new green areas. 答案：A 解析：后文 “as a result” 提示结果，前文需为 “增加绿地” 的原因。选项 A 解释绿色空间 “吸收二氧化碳、减少污染” 的作用，与后文因果逻辑通顺；B 讲人们的休闲需求，非 “改善空气质量” 的核心原因，C 为转折关系与 “as a result” 矛盾，排除。 5. 并列 / 时间衔接（2021 上海卷） 原文片段：To promote sustainable development, we can take many small actions in daily life. _______. Similarly, we can bring reusable bags when shopping to reduce plastic waste. 选项： A. First, we should save electricity by turning off lights when leaving rooms. B. Finally, governments should formulate stricter environmental protection policies. C. In addition, factories should adopt cleaner production technologies. 答案：A 解析：后文 “similarly” 提示并列逻辑，话题需为 “个人日常小行动”。选项 A 列举 “随手关灯” 的个人行为，与 “自带购物袋” 并列；B、C 分别为政府、工厂的举措，偏离 “个人日常” 话题，排除。 第二类：多考点综合运用练（突破复杂衔接） 1. 逻辑连接词 + 指代衔接（2025 上海卷） 原文片段：The pet food industry is under criticism for its environmental impact. _______. They argue that some pet foods have a carbon footprint as high as that of small cars. 选项： A. However, environmentalists have raised serious concerns about it. B. Besides, many pet owners are willing to pay more for eco-friendly products. C. In conclusion, the industry needs to improve its sustainability. 答案：A 解析：后文 “they” 指代前文复数主体，且需与前文形成逻辑关系。选项 A 中 “environmentalists” 为复数（对应 “they”），“however” 转折引出 “环保人士的担忧”，与后文 “批评宠物食品碳足迹高” 衔接；B 中 “pet owners” 与后文 “批评” 语义矛盾，C 为总结句无指代对象，排除。 2. 因果 + 例证衔接（2025 虹口二模） 原文片段：Many traditional crafts are facing the risk of extinction. _______. For instance, young people are less willing to learn complicated crafts like bamboo weaving because they take a long time to master. 选项： A. This is because fewer people are willing to inherit and develop these skills. B. Therefore, the government has launched projects to support craft 传承. C. Such crafts have a long history and unique cultural value. 答案：A 解析：前文为 “传统手艺濒危” 的现象，后文 “for instance” 举例 “年轻人不愿学习”。选项 A 用 “this is because” 解释现象原因，且 “these skills” 指代 “traditional crafts”，与后文例证形成 “原因→例证” 的衔接；B 为结果与例证逻辑不符，C 强调价值无因果关联，排除。 3. 并列 + 逻辑连接词衔接（2026 黄浦一模） 原文片段：Building a low-carbon city requires joint efforts from all sectors of society. The government should introduce preferential policies for green industries; _______. Besides, individuals can contribute by choosing public transport instead of private cars. 选项： A. however, some enterprises are reluctant to invest in green technology. B. enterprises should adopt energy-saving production methods. C. it is also important to raise public awareness of environmental protection. 答案：B 解析：前文用分号列举政府举措，空格处需为并列的 “企业” 举措，后文 “besides” 衔接个体举措。选项 B 与前文 “政府政策” 形成 “政府 - 企业 - 个体” 的并列结构，逻辑连贯；A 为转折关系破坏并列，C 偏离 “具体举措” 话题，排除。 第三类：干扰项排除专项练（规避高频陷阱） 1. 语义相关但衔接不符（2025 浦东二模） 原文片段：Volunteer service helps young people develop a sense of social responsibility. _______. Through interacting with different groups of people, volunteers learn to care for others and contribute to society. 选项： A. Many schools organize volunteer activities for students during holidays. B. It allows teenagers to gain practical experience outside the classroom. C. Volunteer work often requires teamwork and effective communication. 答案：B 解析：干扰项 A、C 均与 “志愿服务” 相关，但 A 讲 “学校组织活动”（外部安排），C 讲 “志愿服务要求”（能力需求），均与后文 “通过互动学会关爱他人” 的 “收获” 衔接不符；选项 B 中 “it” 指代 “volunteer service”，“gain practical experience” 与后文 “学会关爱” 均为志愿服务的收获，衔接紧密，当选。 2. 局部通顺但全局逻辑矛盾（2023 上海卷） 原文片段：Homeschooling offers students a flexible learning schedule. _______. On the other hand, it may limit students’ opportunities to interact with peers and develop social skills. 选项： A. This allows them to focus on their strengths and pursue personal interests. B. However, many parents lack the professional knowledge to teach their children. C. In addition, homeschooling requires a lot of time and energy from parents. 答案：A 解析：后文 “on the other hand” 提示转折，前文需为 homeschooling 的优势。干扰项 B、C 均为劣势，与 “on the other hand” 逻辑矛盾（局部看 “however”“in addition” 通顺，但全局逻辑冲突）；选项 A 讲 “灵活安排的优势”，与后文劣势形成转折，全局逻辑一致，当选。 3. 指代模糊陷阱（2022 上海卷） 原文片段：The development of renewable energy is crucial for reducing carbon emissions. _______. It can help countries achieve their carbon neutrality goals in the long run. 选项： A. This transition from fossil fuels to clean energy requires long-term investment. B. These energy sources include solar, wind and hydro power. C. It is important to promote the use of electric vehicles in urban areas. 答案：A 解析：后文 “it” 指代前文核心话题 “可再生能源发展”。干扰项 B 中 “these energy sources” 指代 “renewable energy”，但后文 “it” 为单数，指代不一致；C 中 “it” 指代 “推广电动车”，与前文话题偏离；选项 A 中 “this transition” 指代 “可再生能源发展”（从化石燃料到清洁能源的转变），与后文 “it” 指代一致，衔接通顺，当选。 （建议用时：30分钟） Passage 1 The Joy of Small Museums Of the 2, 500 museums estimated to exist around the UK, the great national institutions take all the air, with their popular shows and rows over funding, return of seized treasures and — in the case of the British Museum — reported thefts. 1 From their earliest days, critics have challenged their tendency to collect and display the remains of empires. The writer G. K. Chesterton once remarked that the Museum is not meant either for the wanderer to see by accident, but rather for the mere slave of a routine of self-education to stuff himself with every sort of intellectual food in one indigestible meal. But there are hundreds of smaller museums, often founded by enthusiasts, that make an incalculable contribution to cultural life. For those financed through local authorities, the past decade and a half has been harsh, with spending on England’s museums and galleries falling by more than a third. 2 The Musical Museum is a case in point. It was founded in an abandoned church by Frank Holland to house his growing collection of instruments, and he sold his home to support it. It has since moved to a new building, from where it streams concerts on the Mighty Wurlitzer. 3 Volunteers rolled up their sleeves and responded by launching a 60th-anniversary appeal, which is on the point of reaching its target. 4 They embody many different enthusiasms, from pens (Birmingham) to dog collars (Kent). Such institutions are labours of love. They are also statements of what individuals or communities want to save of, and for, themselves  — and the work they will put into preserving it. They are the stories of what we have been and who we are. A．But as Mr Holland’s fund ran dry, the museum had to lay off staff and cut opening hours. B．Yet collecting is a basic human instinct, and the will to share collections is strong. C．Have you heard about the museum of clocks that may have to be closed unless the founder can find someone to keep it running when he retires? D．Doubts about the size and purpose of such vast institutions are nothing new. E．But if proof of living value were needed, one of their members provided it two years ago. F．This is a story that will ring bells with many small museums. Passage 2 African Union urges adoption of world map showing continent’s true size The African Union has supported a campaign to stop using the Mercator world map. The “Correct The Map” initiative urges governments and international organizations to use maps that show the true size of Africa. 1 It makes areas near the poles, such as North America and Europe, appear larger, while reducing lands near the equator like Africa. And it creates a false idea of Africa as less important, even though it is the world’s second-largest continent in both area and population.This incorrect view helps continue stereotypes (刻板印象) that affect international media, education, and policy. Although criticism of the Mercator map is not new, the campaign has brought back the debate. 2 This correction is vital because, as Moky Makura of Africa No Filter explains, Africa has long been presented in a misleading way on world maps. Nevertheless, the Mercator map remains widely used in schools and across the tech industry. This widespread use is obvious in its status as the standard map for countless educational resources. 3 4 Seeing Africa shown smaller on world maps hurts people’s pride and harms children’s self-image. “We are working to make the Equal Earth projection the main map used in classrooms across Africa,” said Fara Ndiaye, co-founder of Speak Up Africa. In support of this educational effort, the African Union will encourage wider use of correct maps among its member states. A．The Mercator map, a 16th-century navigation tool, misrepresents the world’s continents. B．Besides, the Mercator maps can greatly influence people’s sense of cultural identity. C．Similarly, it still serves as the main world map on many digital platforms and mobile apps. D．However, changing classroom materials alone won’t fully address public misconceptions. E．It encourages the use of the 2018 Equal Earth projection to show countries’ sizes correctly F．Experts argue modern mapping tools have made traditional world projections less important. Passage 3 How a Snack Is Born? Are you feeling slightly hungry? Maybe it’s a while until your next meal, so perhaps now you’re thinking about reaching for a brightly coloured wrapper with something delicious inside. Maybe it’s time for a snack. You’re not alone; we all do it. 1 First, companies have to work out what people have an appetite for. Traditionally, they might just have asked people about their snack habits. 2 Companies can search the Internet for every restaurant menu in a specific market, looking out for the latest taste trends and in-demand ingredients (原料). 3 When British supermarkets are encouraged to remove unhealthy snacks from the shelves next to where people line up, companies quickly introduced healthier treats. They can also reflect different histories of population movement. One British snack company found that flavours common in South Asian cuisine sold well in the UK, but less so in the US, where there is less of a tradition of Indian food. And demand for more sustainability has led some entrepreneurs (创业者) to experiment with using insects as an alternative source of protein for snacks. Other brands market themselves as offering a fairer price to the producers of the raw ingredients. Of course, what might seem like the perfect idea might not actually be that practical. Ingredients that work well in a restaurant might not work on biscuits or chips. 4 Some designs might need expensive packaging to protect them, which stops them being profitable. There are many factors that influence our snacks. Those that are successful reflect our tastes and concerns but can be limited by the production process. A．Snack trends also change over time. B．In today’s digital age, apps can ask customers to pick the flavors they fancy. C．Flavours that are popular in one country can completely fail in another market. D．How much work goes into developing and making the snacks that we all know and love? E．Snacks with fresh ingredients may have too short a shelf life to be a marketable product. F．Even when a healthier version is launched, it often costs more than the original option. Passage 4 Life in space Many people consider it exciting to travel to space, often imagining the fancy images of stars and planets from science-fiction movies or expensive commercial spaceflights. Yet the reality of life beyond Earth is far harsher than the cinematic fantasies suggest. 1 Astronauts and scientists on the International Space Station (ISS) can’t jump into a shower or take a relaxing bath. Instead, they have to rely on washing with a cloth and using special shampoos to stay clean. Even using the bathroom becomes a difficult process, involving bags, tubes and toilets designed to prohibit waste from floating around. Eating is another adventure. Without gravity to hold food in place, food and liquids float in all directions, which can damage equipment. To address this problem, astronauts eat most of their meals from sealed containers and drink liquids from special bags. While these solutions are clever, the menu is often limited. 2 Living off-world wears down astronauts’ bodies in other ways as well. In microgravity, body fluids (体液) shift upward, disturbing normal blood movement around the body and even damaging eyesight. 3 Without the pull of gravity to resist their movements, astronauts’ muscles and bones start to weaken over time. So, NASA recommends that astronauts exercise for around two hours each day using machines that are designed for training in microgravity. 4 Cancer research, for example, has received a major boost from ISS studies. In these weightless conditions, scientists have been able to grow and study blood vessel (血管) cells. This research enables them to test new drugs that could block a cancer growth’s ability to develop its own blood supply. A．Even with all these hardships, space allows discoveries impossible on Earth. B．This repetitive diet often results in loss of appetite, posing health risks over time. C．To keep food from drifting away, astronauts often stick bread to the table with special tape. D．Additionally, staying physically fit in space requires much more effort than it does on Earth. E．Clearly, living off-world in a microgravity environment requires careful planning and training. F．With muscles becoming weaker, astronauts are advised to lift heavier weights than they do on Earth. Passage 5 Am I Being Tracked? Technology enables people to do many extraordinary things, but it can also be misused and cause harm. Fortunately, additional developments can counter some of these negative uses of technology. 1 Bluetooth location trackers were designed to help people recover lost items, such as suitcases or wallets. They can also be placed in cars to help a person find their car if it gets stolen. But they can also be planted in someone else’s bag or car without that person’s permission to track them without their knowledge. 2 Unfortunately, people who choose to track others often have bad motives that place the people they track in great danger. 3 But if yours doesn’t or if you want to be able to detect more brands of trackers, you can download apps that will do a more thorough job. Tracker detection apps notify the phone’s owner if the phone detects a tracker that has been near it for an extended time. There is often a delay between when the tracker is detected and when the notification is sent. 4 For example, if someone has a tracker on their key and walks past you in a public place, that will not trigger a notification. But if the tracker remains near you for a whole day, especially if you are moving, it is probably on something you own, and the app will notify you. If you suspect that someone is tracking you, take action now to avoid a potentially dangerous situation. A．So if you place a tracker in your own bag, for example, it will not activate the app. B．Bluetooth trackers are small, so victims of tracking seldom find them if they do not know to search for them. C．That way, if they misplace the object the tracker is attached to, they can look up the information to find it again. D．Smartphones can search for trackers, and some now have built-in settings that will send you a notification if you are being tracked. E．This is the case with tracking technology, which has undergone many improvements in recent years. F．This is meant to avoid false alarms in case the tracker belongs to someone else who just happens to be nearby. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $