Unit 4 Section Ⅳ Extended reading & Project & Assessment-【优学精讲】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册教用Word(译林版)

本讲义围绕记叙文阅读与语言运用核心知识点，系统梳理"My university life"的情感脉络与结构，通过"析架构-精读文-通词句"三步学习支架，衔接词汇（如名词后缀-ion归纳）、句型（before从句、否定词倒装）及情感描写等语言知识，形成递进式学习路径。 该资料以真实大学生活叙事为载体，突出语言能力培养，如归纳名词后缀规则助词汇系统记忆，分析情感描写提升表达能力。通过作者拖延作业到合理规划的经历，渗透学习策略指导，培养学习能力。课中分步骤练习助教师高效授课，课后多维题型（语法填空、读后续写）可帮助学生查漏补缺，深化语言运用与思维品质。

Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment My university life 　　[1]I had been waiting with my fellow graduating students for the moment when I would walk out onto the stage to receive my degree certificate①.I was happy and relieved②， yet worried and anxious about the future.What was my first job going to be like？ This short walk was going to launch me into③ a whole new world.How would I manage？ Would I be able to carve out a career④ for myself？My name was called and I moved into the lights.I heard the applause.I knew my parents would be watching and smiling at each other and I tried to relax.I held my certificate against my breast⑤ and smiled at the camera.[2]Before I knew it， the ceremony was over and the curtain⑥ had come down on my university life.Where had the time gone？ Four years had disappeared in a flash⑦.[3]I stood with my certificate in hand and reflected on⑧ those four years. 　　[1]本句是主从复合句。主句使用过去完成进行时had been doing ...； when引导定语从句，修饰先行词moment。 　　[2]本句是and连接的并列句。Before引导时间状语从句，可译为“还未来得及……就……”。 　　[3]句中with my certificate in hand是with复合结构“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语（介词短语）”，在句中作状语。 　　[4]I remembered arriving at university on my very first day， pausing at the gate to look down the long drive⑨.I could feel my hands sweating slightly and I had to hold on tight⑩ to my suitcase.Would I be able to fit in⑪？ Did this new phase of my life mean that I was now mature⑫ enough to be entirely responsible for⑬ my own successes and failures？ [5]I took a few seconds to compose myself⑭ and to take in⑮ the scene that was laid out⑯ before me.The campus was alive with people.Anxious parents and excited students were talking in small groups， carrying suitcases or walking in and out of dormitory⑰ buildings.[6]I wondered if the first day of school was always such a circus⑱.I took a deep breath⑲ and carried on into the heart of the campus.[7]Little did I know that I was about to experience the best four years of my life. 　　[4]动词-ing短语pausing at the gate to look down the long drive作伴随状语。 　　[5]并列的动词不定式短语to compose myself和to take in ...作结果状语；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词scene。 　　[6]if引导宾语从句，意为“是否”，作动词wonder的宾语。 　　[7]该句是倒装句，否定词Little置于句首，句子要用部分倒装。 　　I remembered working on my first assignment⑳.It was a 3，000-word essay㉑ on geometry㉒ and I wasn’t even sure how to begin the first paragraph㉓.Instead of seeking good advice， I kept putting it off㉔.Rather unwisely， I left it to the last minute.As the deadline approached， I had to stay up all night working on my laptop㉕ to complete it.The next day I felt dizzy and started coughing and sneezing㉖.Unsurprisingly， it wasn’t a very good essay.However， this taught me a valuable lesson.[8]As soon as I received the next assignment， I headed straight for the library to find the reference㉗ books I needed for my research， and then created an outline followed by a draft㉘.After careful editing㉙ and polishing㉚， the result was a much better essay than the last， and it was ready in my desk drawer㉛ days before the deadline.I would stick to㉜ this approach for the duration of my studies. 　　[8]句中As soon as引导时间状语从句；主句中headed和created是并列谓语；动词不定式短语to find the ...research作目的状语；I needed for my research为省略that或which的定语从句，修饰先行词reference books；followed by a draft作后置定语，修饰名词outline。 　　I remembered cooperating with my classmates on group projects.Everyone would be assigned a specific task， and my role was usually to produce the presentation㉝.We would meet in the school cafeteria㉞ to bounce㉟ ideas off each other， and would laugh and argue and laugh some more as we learnt to work together as a team.[9]I realized that learning didn’t have to be a solo effort and that working with other people could be much more stimulating㊱ and productive than working alone. 　　I remembered visiting my favourite professor， a tall gentleman with his beard and hair going grey， during his office hours for the first time.Initially， I found his strictness intimidating㊲， but quickly came to admire him for his vast knowledge and deep understanding of his subject.[10]It soon dawned on㊳ me that many university professors are quite willing to share what they know， and they do take a genuine interest in㊴ their students’ intellectual development. 　　[9]本句是主从复合句。两个that均引导并列的宾语从句，作动词realized的宾语。 　　[10]It 作形式主语，真正的主语是 that 引导的主语从句；主语从句中又包含 what 引导的宾语从句；do用来强调谓语动词take。 　　[11]I heard my parents’ voices calling me and I returned to the moment.After the graduation ceremony we headed home by train.I looked out of the carriage㊵ window at the world speeding by.[12]The journey home gave me time to think about what the future might hold for me.University has changed me.[13]Not only am I now more intellectually prepared for the world of work， but I am also more confident about my own abilities.I have grown as an adult and I have also discovered more about myself.Yes， I am ready for a new phase in my life. 　　[11]句中包含“感官动词（hear）＋宾语＋宾语补足语（动词-ing形式）”结构。 　　[12]句中what引导宾语从句，作介词about的宾语。 　　[13]本句为not only ...but also ...句型。not only置于句首时，not only后面的句子用部分倒装， but also后面的句子不倒装。 【读文清障】 ①certificate n.文凭，结业证书；证明，证明书 receive one’s degree certificate 领取学位证书 ②relieved adj.释然的；感到宽慰的；放心的 ③launch sb into 使某人开始做，使某人投入 ④carve out a career创出一番事业 ⑤breast n.胸部，胸脯 ⑥curtain n.幕，帷幕；窗帘；帘，幔；覆盖物 ⑦in a flash 转瞬间，立即 ⑧reflect on sth反思某事，反省某事 ⑨look down the long drive 望着长长的车道 ⑩tight adv.紧紧地，牢固地 adj.牢固的；严格的；密集的；亲密的 hold on tight to紧紧握住 ⑪fit in 适应 ⑫mature adj.明白事理的，成熟的 vi.成熟，长成；有判断力 ⑬be responsible for 对……负责 ⑭compose oneself 使自己镇定下来 ⑮take in （一下子）看清，看明白；收留，收容；欺骗，使上当；理解，领会 ⑯lay out （整齐地）铺开，展开，摊开 ⑰dormitory n.学生宿舍，集体宿舍 ⑱circus n.热闹场面；马戏团 ⑲take a deep breath 深吸一口气 ⑳work on one’s first assignment做第一份作业 ㉑essay n.文章，短文 ㉒geometry n.几何（学）；几何形状 a 3，000-word essay on geometry 一篇三千字的几何论文 ㉓paragraph n.段，段落 ㉔put off 推迟，拖延 ㉕laptop n.笔记本电脑，便携式电脑 ㉖sneeze vi.打喷嚏 n.喷嚏，喷嚏声 ㉗reference n.参考；提到；推荐信 vt.查阅，参考 reference books 参考书 ㉘draft n.草稿，草案，草图 vt.起草，草拟 ㉙edit vt.& vi.编辑，校订 ㉚polish vt.& vi.修改，润饰；擦光，磨光 n.抛光，上光；完美，娴熟，精湛 ㉛drawer n.抽屉 ㉜stick to 坚持；遵守（诺言、协议、决定、原则等），遵循（规则） ㉝presentation n.幻灯片演示；提交，授予；展示会；演出 ㉞cafeteria n.自助餐厅，自助食堂 ㉟bounce vt.（向某人）试探地透露（主意） vi.跳动 n.弹跳；活力 bounce ideas off sb 向某人试探地透露主意 ㊱stimulating adj.趣味盎然的，激励人的 ㊲intimidating adj.吓人的，令人胆怯的 ㊳dawn on sb 使某人开始明白，使某人渐渐领悟，使某人开始理解 ㊴take an interest in 对……感兴趣 ㊵carriage n.（火车的）客车厢；（旧时载客的）四轮马车 【参考译文】 我的大学生活 　　我和我的毕业生同学们一起等待着走上领奖台领取学位证书的那一刻。我心中既高兴又欣慰，同时又对未来怀着忧虑。我的第一份工作会是什么样的？这短短的几步路将会领我进入一个全新的世界。我该如何应对？我能为自己开创一番事业吗？我的名字被叫到了，我走到灯光下。我听见了掌声。我知道我的父母正在看着我，相视而笑，而我试着让自己放松。我把证书抱在胸前，对着镜头微笑。不知不觉中，典礼结束了，我的大学生活已然落下帷幕。时间都去哪儿了？四年时间一晃而过。我手拿证书伫立着，回想起那四年的时光。 　　我记得来上大学的第一天，我在校门口停下，望着长长的车道。我能感到自己的双手在微微出汗，我只能紧紧握住行李箱。我能适应吗？我人生的这个新阶段是否意味着我现在已经足够成熟，可以完全为自己的成功和失败负责？我花了几秒钟时间让自己镇定下来，并观察了一番眼前的情形。校园里人来人往。神情焦虑的家长和兴高采烈的学生有的在三三两两地交谈着，有的提着大包小包，有的正出入宿舍楼。我好奇开学第一天是否都是这么热闹。我深吸一口气，继续往校园中心走。我几乎没想到我就要经历我一生中最美好的四年时光。 　　我记得我做第一份作业时的情形。那是一篇三千字的几何论文，而我甚至不太确定该怎么开始第一段。我没有去寻求好的建议，而是一直拖着没下笔。相当不明智的是，我拖到了最后一刻。眼看规定期限就要到了，我只能抱着笔记本电脑熬了一整夜，把论文赶了出来。第二天我就感觉头晕，开始咳嗽、打喷嚏。可想而知，文章写得并不是很好。不过这给我上了宝贵的一课。在我刚收到第二份作业时，我就直奔图书馆，查阅研究所需的文献，然后定提纲、写初稿。经过仔细校订和润色之后，结果是比上一稿好很多的文章，并且在截止日期前几天它就在书桌抽屉里，随时可交。在之后的学习生涯中我都坚持了这种做法。 　　我记得和我的同学们一起合作完成小组项目。每个人都会分配到一项特定的任务，我的工作通常是制作幻灯片。我们会在学校的自助餐厅开会，大家各抒己见。在我们学着团队协作的过程中，我们笑着，吵着，再笑着。我明白了学习不必只是一个人的拼搏，与他人合作会比单打独斗更妙趣横生也成果斐然。 　　我记得第一次去拜访我最喜欢的教授，那是在他的办公时间。他是一位身材高大、须发皆白的先生。起初，我觉得他严厉得吓人，但我很快就开始因他广博的学识和对其学科的深刻理解而崇拜他了。很快我就开始明白，许多大学教授非常愿意分享他们所知道的，并且他们的确真心实意地关注学生的智力发展。 　　我听到父母在叫我，于是回过神来。毕业典礼结束后，我们坐火车回家。我看着车窗外飞驰而过的世界。返乡的路上，我有了时间来思考未来会带给我什么。大学改变了我。如今我不仅为职业生涯作好了更多学识上的准备，对个人能力也更有信心了。我已长大成人，对自己也更加了解。是的，我已准备好拥抱下一个人生阶段了。 第一步：析架构，理文本脉络 Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks with suitable words. 第二步：精读文，达明察秋毫 Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer. 1.How did the author feel when he was waiting for receiving his degree certificate？（　　） A.Happy but anxious.　B.Worried and anxious. C.Sad and relieved.　　D.Excited and delighted. 2.What is the correct order used by the author to finish his studies after he finished his first assignment？（　　） ①write a draft ②create an outline ③edit and polish carefully ④head straight for the library to find the reference books A.①②③④　 B.④②①③ C.④③②①　　 D.①④②③ 3.What does the author want to convey in Paragraph 3？（　　） A.Staying up late will make people ill. B.Asking for advice is essential when faced with difficulties. C.Setting out to work immediately as soon as you receive it is important. D.Turning to the library for help can help you finish your work ahead of time. 4.What did the author learn from his group projects？（　　） A.Learning must be a solo effort. B.We learn nothing but laugh more as we learnt to work together as a team. C.We couldn’t bounce ideas off each other， even if we met in the school cafeteria. D.Working with others could be more stimulating and productive than working independently. 5.Which of the following is the purpose of the passage？（　　） A.To prove a theory. B.To tell us a funny story. C.To advertise his university. D.To look back on unforgettable experiences in college. 答案：1－5　ABCDD 第三步：通词句，学语言表达 1.词汇学习——循规律，记单词 本板块学习了以-ation结尾的名词presentation n.幻灯片演示；提交，授予；展示会；演出。 名词后缀-ion归纳如下： 规则 例词 几乎所有以-ate结尾的动词在变为名词时首先去掉e再加-ion educate→education， liberate→liberation， translate→translation， graduate→graduation， separate→separation， operate→operation 多数以-t结尾的动词直接在词尾加-ion，少数以-te结尾的动词首先去掉e再加-ion act→action， invent→invention， inspect→inspection， elect→election， select→selection， connect→connection， collect→collection， instruct→instruction， devote→devotion， pollute→pollution 多数以-ss结尾的动词直接加-ion discuss→discussion， oppress→oppression， express→expression， possess→possession 多数以-de结尾与少数以-d结尾的动词先把de或d变成s再加-ion decide→decision， divide→division， provide→provision， invade→invasion， expand→expansion， extend→extension 规则 例词 以-mit结尾的动词，先把t变成ss，再加-ion admit→admission， commit→commission， permit→permission， transmit→transmission 多数以-fy结尾的动词先把y改成i再加-cation，少数以-efy或-fy结尾的动词先去掉y再加-action modify→modification， satisfy→satisfaction 有些动词不是加-ion，而是加-ition、-tion、-ation或-sion而变成名词，其中有些词根因读音关系而发生了变化 add→addition， attend→attention， produce→production， reduce→reduction， solve→solution， determine→determination， explain→explanation， found→foundation， observe→observation， transport→transportation， relax→relaxation 2.美句欣赏——赏佳句，品用法 情感描写：人物情感描写是对人物在特定环境下产生的想法、感触、联想等心理活动的描写，旨在深刻揭示人物的精神世界。在读后续写中，描写人物的情感是常用的描写方法，恰当的情感描写能够表现文中人物的性格，推动事件的发展。在描述人物情感时，要突出文章的中心，与人物的性格吻合，符合事件发展的逻辑。要选用恰当的词句通过情感描写精确地刻画人物的内心世界。 请从课文中找出此类句子，体会作者的情绪变化。 （1）直接用情感词表达人物的喜怒哀乐情绪。如happy、delighted、pleased、joyful、enjoyable、surprised、shocked、amazed、astonished、to one’s surprise、in relief、in panic等描述人物的情绪。 　I was happy and relieved， yet worried and anxious about the future.What was my first job going to be like？ This short walk was going to launch me into a whole new world.How would I manage？ Would I be able to carve out a career for myself？　 （2）利用动作和环境描写，融情于景烘托人物的情感。 　The campus was alive with people.Anxious parents and excited students were talking in small groups， carrying suitcases or walking in and out of dormitory buildings.I wondered if the first day of school was always such a circus.I took a deep breath and carried on into the heart of the campus.Little did I know that I was about to experience the best four years of my life.　 Part Ⅰ　核心词汇集释 compose oneself使自己镇定下来 【教材原句】　I took a few seconds to compose myself and to take in the scene that was laid out before me. 我花了几秒钟时间让自己镇定下来，并观察了一番眼前的情形。 【用法】 （1）compose vt.& vi.　作曲；组成；撰写；使镇静 compose a letter/speech/poem　　撰写信函/演讲稿/诗歌 （2）be composed of＝be made up of＝consist of　　由……组成（或构成） （3）composer n.　　作曲家，作曲者 composition n.　　组成，构成；创作，作曲；作文，作品 【佳句】　Life is composed of many elements， such as family， friends， study， work， entertainment， and so on. 生活是由许多要素组成的，如家庭、朋友、学习、工作、娱乐等。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①Beethoven is a well-known 　composer　 of classical music， whose music is very touching.Listen！This is my favourite melody and it is one of his great 　compositions　.（compose） 【写美】　一句多译 ②委员会由教授和工程师组成。 →The committee 　is composed of　 professors and engineers.（compose） →The committee 　is made up of　 professors and engineers.（make） →The committee 　consists of　 professors and engineers.（consist） reference n.参考；提到；推荐信vt.查阅，参考 【教材原句】　As soon as I received the next assignment， I headed straight for the library to find the reference books I needed for my research， and then created an outline followed by a draft. 在我刚收到第二份作业时，我就直奔图书馆，查阅研究所需的文献，然后定提纲、写初稿。 【用法】 （1）reference books　　　　参考书 for reference　　以备参考，供参考 make （no） reference to　　（未）提及 in/with reference to　　关于；根据……而论 （2）refer vi.　　提到；参考，查阅 vt.　　查阅，参考 refer to 提到，谈到；指的是；参考，查阅 refer to ...as ...　　把……称为…… refer to a dictionary＝look up sth in a dictionary　　查词典 【佳句】　The library contains many popular reference books.这家图书馆藏有许多常用的参考书。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①There are huge amounts of 　reference　 （refer） books in the library which I am often confused to choose from. ②When 　referring　 （refer） to that incident of last year， he still felt very frightened. ③The Chinese refer to their language 　as　 Han， as it became popular among the people during the Han Dynasty. 【写美】　完成句子 ④Get prepared because while giving the English speech， one 　is not allowed to refer to the notes　. 作好准备，因为在作英语演讲的时候是不允许看笔记的。 Part Ⅱ　重点句型解构 句型公式：before引导的时间状语从句 【教材原句】　Before I knew it， the ceremony was over and the curtain had come down on my university life. 不知不觉中，典礼结束了，我的大学生活已然落下帷幕。 【用法】 （1）before引导时间状语从句，主要用于以下几种句型： ①It will be＋一段时间＋before ...（从句用一般现在时）要过……时间才…… ②It won’t be＋一段时间＋before ...（从句用一般现在时）过不了……时间就…… ③It was not long before ...（从句用一般过去时）没过多久就…… ④It was＋时间段＋before ...（从句用一般过去时）过了……时间才…… （2）before作为连词，用来引导时间状语从句时，译法较灵活，根据语境可翻译成以下几种意思： ①在……之前；②……之后才……；③趁着（还没有）……，以免……，以防……；④（不久）就…… 【品悟】　You’d better go quickly before I change my mind.在我改变主意之前，你最好快点走。 【写美】　完成句子 ①He had walked for a whole day 　before he found water　. 他走了一整天才找到水。 ②Write down the telephone number 　before you forget it　. 趁你还没忘记，把电话号码写下来。 ③I 　had not waited long before　 he came back. 我没等多久他就回来了。 ④　It was not long before　 he left for the US. 没过多久他就去美国了。 ⑤　Before I could think of a reply　， she walked away. 我还没来得及想出如何回答，她就走开了。 ⑥　It was three days before　 he made the decision to accept our suggestion. 三天后他才作出接受我们的提议的决定。 ⑦I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long， but 　it’ll still be some time before　 Brian gets back. 很抱歉让你等了这么久，但布莱恩还要过一段时间才能回来。 句型公式：否定词置于句首引起的部分倒装 【教材原句】　Little did I know that I was about to experience the best four years of my life. 我几乎没想到我就要经历我一生中最美好的四年时光。 【用法】 该句是倒装句， little置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。其他具有否定意义的副词或短语置于句首时，也要用部分倒装。 （1）否定副词not、never、hardly、seldom、scarcely、rarely、little及表示否定意义的介词短语in no case、by no means、at no time、on no condition、not until等置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。 （2）hardly ...when、no sooner ...than、not only ...but also、neither ...nor等连接两个句子， hardly、no sooner、not only置于句首时，紧接否定词之后的句子要用部分倒装。 【品悟】　Seldom does he go out to eat dinner with his family because he enjoys cooking at home. 他和家人很少出去吃晚饭，因为他喜欢在家做饭。 【写美】　完成句子/句式升级 ①Little 　did I have　 such kind of experience before. 我以前很少有这样的经历。 ②At no time 　did they actually break　 the rules of the game. 他们绝对没有违反比赛规则。 ③Hardly 　had David arrived at the finish line when　 all the teachers and classmates cheered for him. 大卫刚到达终点线，所有的老师和同学就都为他欢呼喝彩。 ④I have never heard such a strange thing in my life. →　Never have I heard such a strange thing　 in my life.（倒装句） 维度一：品句填词 根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。 1.For the duration of university， his son obtained ten certificates　 in different fields in all. 2.The dress is too tight　 for me so I have to exchange it for a bigger size. 3.While bouncing　 his ball against the wall， the rude boy let out screams. 4.When she woke up， morning sunshine flooded in through the open curtains　. 5.The lady felt dizzy　 and unbalanced； then she suddenly fell down. 6.His father is a 　librarian　 （图书管理员） of our school library. 7.When he heard the news that he was fired， he broke out in a sweat on his 　forehead　 （前额）. 8.I used to do the laundry once a week when I lived in the 　dormitory　 （宿舍）. 9.This is the first time that he has 　drafted　 （起草） a plan for the new company. 10.Having 　polished　 （润色） her paper for hundreds of times， she finally got her papers published by an international medical journal. 维度二：词形转换 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 1.The new app has undergone 　extensive　 （extend） tests by more than 75 users with overwhelmingly positive feedback. 2.Motivated by the inspiring 　presentation　 （present）， the student made up his mind to be an ambitious astronomer. 3.They were 　randomly　 （random） divided into four groups and exposed to various noise levels in the background. 4.His 　competence　 （competent） is not in question but I’m worried about his attitude to the job. 5.I shivered in such cold weather and pulled my scarf more 　tightly　 （tight） round my neck. 6.Marin had excellent 　references　 （refer） from the manager of the firm where he had worked in the summer holidays. 维度三：固定搭配和句式 根据汉语及括号内提示完成下列句子。 1.我在作出决定之前，想听听别人的意见。（before引导时间状语从句） I’d like to listen to other people’s opinion 　before I make a decision　. 2.他依然记得在乡下劳动的日子。（关系副词when引导的定语从句） He still remembers the days 　when he worked in the country　. 3.直到我考试不及格我才意识到自己已经浪费了很多时间。（否定词置于句首引起的部分倒装） 　Not until I failed in the exam did I realize　 how much time I had wasted. 4.他深深地吸了几口气使自己平静下来。（compose oneself） He 　took a few deep breaths to compose himself　. 5.他们开着灯坐了半个小时。（with复合结构） They sat 　with the light on　 for half an hour. 6.一个小孩想要什么就给他什么，人们认为这种做法是不明智的。（whatever引导宾语从句） It’s considered unwise 　to give a child whatever he wants　. 维度四：课文语法填空 阅读课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 　　At the 1.　graduation　 （graduate） ceremony， I held my certificate tight to my breast and tried to compose 2.　myself　 （I）.The ceremony was over and the curtain had come down on my university life as if four years had disappeared 3.　in　 a flash.For these years， I went from the classroom to the dormitory and from the dormitory to the cafeteria， and all day it was such a circus.Now I become more mature.I remember my first assignment was to write 4.　an　 essay on geometry.First I created an outline followed by a draft， and then I borrowed some 5.　reference　 （refer） books from the librarian，6.　took　 （take） my laptop out of the drawer and began to write the first paragraph. 　　After editing and polishing， I made it into presentation slides.Then I bounced ideas 7.　off　 my favourite professor， 8.　who　 was a tall gentleman with a beard.His strictness was intimidating， 9.　but　 he did approve of my essay.Now I am on my way home.10.　Looking　 （look）out of the carriage window， I reflect on my university life， and I have sweat on my forehead. Ⅰ.阅读理解 　　My PhD adviser informed me I had failed my qualifying exam at my third attempt， which meant the dismissal from the program.How was it possible that one exam — one hour of my life — could define me as unfit to be a scientist？ 　　I wasn’t sure what to expect when I started my PhD program.I struggled with my classes during my first year， spending countless hours studying in the library.I ended that year with increased confidence.But soon my confidence went away when I made my first attempt at the qualifying exam.I had switched research projects 5 months earlier， after my first adviser left the university， so I wasn’t so confident of going into the exam.Besides， I had never taken an oral exam before， so the experience was terrifying. 　　Once it was over， my committee told me I’d conditionally passed， which meant I had to take more time to study and prepare to talk about the topic further.I was shaken but still hopeful.But when I retook the exam， I failed again.That’s when I was told I’d have one more chance. 　　For the next 5 months， I asked my committee chairs for guidance and practiced answering oral questions.I even stopped doing lab work to focus on my exam preparations.I was all in. 　　When the exam was over， I left the room feeling a mix of fear and relief.But those feelings changed to disappointment the next day after I learned I’d failed.I speak Spanish at home， but I have difficulty translating even the simplest scientific concepts into Spanish.This hampered my ability to comfortably speak the expected “language of science”. 　　My adviser requested to reinstate （使重返岗位） me to the PhD program， and I’m now back to working on my doctorate.I still have a little voice in the back of my head that I’m not good enough.But I try to stop it by surrounding myself with professors who support me and by staying focused on developing into the great scientist I know I can be.I am much more than that one-hour exam. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者在攻读博士学位时经历了多次失败。但是她仍不气馁，始终意志坚定地坚持自己想成为科学家的梦想。 1.How did the author feel by the end of the first year？（　　） A.Confident.　　 B.Terrified. C.Worn out.　　 D.At a loss. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的I ended that year with increased confidence.可知，作者在第一年年终的时候对自己更有信心了。 2.Why did the author switch her research project？（　　） A.She found it too hard for her. B.Her adviser dismissed her from it. C.She failed the qualifying exam. D.Her adviser no longer worked there. 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的I had switched research projects 5 months earlier， after my first adviser left the university可知，作者改变研究项目是因为她的导师不在那里工作了。 3.What affected the author’s performance in the third exam？（　　） A.Lack of preparation. B.Decreased confidence. C.Insufficient language skills. D.Too much time on lab work. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据第五段最后两句可知，作者在把科学概念翻译成西班牙语方面有困难。因此是语言技能的不足影响了她的第三次考试。 4.Which word best describes the author？（　　） A.Intelligent.　　 B.Sensitive. C.Energetic.　　 D.Determined. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据文章内容尤其是最后一段可知，作者在经历多次失败之后没有气馁，仍旧坚持自己想成为伟大科学家的梦想。由此可知，她是一个意志坚定的人。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 　　How to Avoid Distractions While You Are Studying 　　You know you really want to do well in your study.Your parents have put the pressure on you， or you promised yourself you would do better.But you keep getting distracted！How can you solve the problem？ 5.（　　） 　　Find a place that makes you want to study.If the books and seriousness of the library put you in the mood for focusing on study， go for it.If the comfortable chairs and coffee at your local café are what you need to get through your reading for English， go there.6.（　　） 　　Set a study schedule.When you have many subjects to study， it can seem hard to get through everything.Give yourself a schedule where you set specific times to study particular subjects.7.（　　） Besides， change subjects every two hours.A little variety keeps you refreshed and focused. 　　8.（　　） If you find yourself distracted from studying by thoughts about everything else， spend 5 minutes thinking about them， but then tell yourself studying is your main task now.If you are tired of study， step away from it.A short break helps refresh you so that you can stay focused when you come back to studying. 　　Turn off the electronic devices.Texting， social media， calls and other distractions that come from your electronic devices are some of the biggest barriers to staying focused when you are studying.9.（　　） Turn off the distracting electronic devices！ A.Give yourself a brief study break. B.Go out for a picnic to refresh yourself. C.The following tips may give you a hand. D.Luckily， the fix is easy and totally within your control. E.There’s no doubt that a library is the best place for studying well. F.This makes studying seem less difficult， helping you stay on task. G.The most important thing is that the location motivates you to study. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了四种应对学习时分心的方法。 5.C　空前提出如何解决分心的问题，空后应该回答该问题。再根据下文所讲的避免学习时分心的方法可知，C项（以下建议可能会对你有所帮助）符合语境。 6.G　根据第二段首句可知，找一个让你想学习的地方，然后以图书馆和咖啡馆为例进行说明。G项（最重要的是这个地方能激励你学习）符合语境。 7.F　空前提到给自己制作一个时间表，为学习特定的科目设定具体的时间。此处应说这样做的好处。F项（这会让学习看起来不那么困难，帮助你专注于任务）符合语境。 8.A　空处位于段首，是段落主旨句。根据空后的内容可知，短暂的休息可以帮助你恢复精力，当你重新开始学习时，你可以集中注意力。A项（给自己一个短暂的休息时间）能概括本段内容。 9.D　根据本段首句可知，本段建议关掉电子设备。发短信、社交媒体、电话和其他来自电子设备的干扰是学习时集中注意力的最大障碍之一。D项（幸运的是，解决办法简单且完全在你的掌握之中）呼应上文内容。 Ⅲ.完形填空 　　It was Friday book talk time in Mr Jacob’s class.For once， Kevin was 　10　 to talk about the book he’d been reading. 　　Kevin had never been a fan of reading.He 　11　 video games.His mother told him reading books is much more interesting than playing video games.Kevin didn’t 　12　 it.Books are more exciting than video games？ Never. 　　Then he 　13　 a book with a special cover when his class made their library trip.The 　14　， in white lettering on a black cover， was The Fourth Stall.Reaching down from the top of the cover was a hand holding a roll of toilet paper！ Kevin was 　15　.He took the book and 　16　 the checkout desk.He read the book whenever he could.His mother looked at him 　17　.She couldn’t believe he was 　18　. 　　When his 　19　 came during book talk， Kevin told the class just enough to 　20　 them how great the book was.“So，” Mr Jacob asked him，“are you going to read the 　21　 of the books in the series？” Kevin couldn’t believe his good 　22　.“There are more？ I’m going to the 　23　 right after school！” When Kevin got home that day， he showed his mother a pile of books.“You were 　24　， Mum — books are really better than video games！” 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Kevin喜欢玩电子游戏，不喜欢读书。在一次班级图书馆活动中，他被一本书的封面吸引，于是借了这本书，没想到从此爱上了阅读。 10.A.upset　　 B.hesitant C.curious　　 D.excited 解析：D　通读全文可知，Kevin刚开始并不喜欢读书，后来在图书馆被一本书的封面吸引，继而爱上了阅读。因此，在分享图书课上，他很兴奋，想谈谈这本书。 11.A.watched　　 B.released C.preferred　　 D.developed 解析：C　根据第二段第一句可知，Kevin并不是书迷，他更喜欢电子游戏。 12.A.buy　　 B.quote C.explain　　 D.remember 解析：A　根据下文中的Books are more exciting than video games？Never.可知，Kevin并不相信妈妈的话。buy在此处意为“相信（尤指不大可能的事）”。 13.A.delivered　　 B.made C.spotted　　 D.shared 解析：C　根据下文a special cover可知，Kevin发现了一本封面很特别的书。 14.A.author　　 B.publisher C.title　　 D.page 解析：C　The Fourth Stall是这本书的标题（title）。 15.A.attracted　　 B.cheated C.mistaken　　 D.saved 解析：A　根据下文He read the book whenever he could.可知，Kevin被书的封面吸引。 16.A.passed by　　 B.set aside C.called up　　 D.headed for 解析：D　根据空后的the checkout可知，Kevin拿着书走向借书处。 17.A.in shock　　 B.in secret C.with care　　 D.with sadness 解析：A　上文提到Kevin不喜欢读书，因此妈妈很惊讶，简直不敢相信他在看书。 18.A.drawing　　 B.writing C.reading　　 D.studying 解析：C　参见上题解析。 19.A.story　　 B.turn C.business　　 D.reward 解析：B　轮到Kevin分享图书时，他讲了很多，使全班同学相信这本书非常棒。 20.A.teach　　 B.advise C.convince　　 D.ask 解析：C　参见上题解析。 21.A.end　　 B.rest C.plot　　 D.history 解析：B　根据下文中的in the series、There are more？和a pile of books可知，老师问Kevin是否打算读这一系列的其他书。 22.A.reputation　　 B.credit C.choice　　 D.fortune 解析：D　得知这是一系列书，Kevin简直不敢相信自己运气这么好，他决定放学后马上去图书馆。 23.A.library　　 B.house C.parking lot　　 D.bus stop 解析：A　参见上题解析。 24.A.proud　　 B.right C.patient　　 D.kind 解析：B　根据文章最后一句中的books are really better than video games可知，Kevin终于认识到读书的好处，他意识到妈妈之前说的是对的。 Ⅳ.读后续写 　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 　　Last Saturday was sunny and beautiful， and all week long my family had been looking forward to having a beach picnic. Unfortunately， my mom and dad both had colds， and we all had to stay home.I did want my parents to rest and feel better， but I couldn’t help feeling upset too.“It’s going to be a boring day with no fun plans！” I thought and sighed as I walked back to my bedroom. 　　As I lay on my bed feeling sorry for myself， my kitty cats， Charlie and Cow， entered the room.Charlie jumped on top of my bookcase， and Cow looked up with his sweet green eyes.Then， Charlie knocked my favourite fairytale book right off the shelf！ 　　“OK，” I smiled.“Come hop （跳） onto my bed.” Once we were all snuggled up （依偎在一起）， I started flipping through （草草翻阅） the pages.“Here’s one about a boy who rescues a giant sea turtle （海龟）， and the turtle is so grateful he takes the boy on a magical journey under the sea.” 　　I started to read the fairy tale out loud， and before too long， I started imagining that I was the one who had saved a sea turtle.The turtle told me his name was Greenaway.In return for my kindness， he would show me a magical kingdom beneath the sea.I climbed aboard the turtle’s broad green shell， and off we went！ 　　At first， things looked kind of how you’d expect， with lots of little fish and seaweed here and there.But the deeper we swam， the more amazing things became.Greenaway said he was the footman to Her Majesty， Queen Aqualeena， and here came the queen now！ I slipped off Greenaway’s shell and curtsied （行屈膝礼）.“Welcome，” said the queen.“Thank you for your kindness towards our beloved Greenaway.Please come in.You’re just in time for the party！” 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式作答。 What a party it was！　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 That daydream was so cool that I had to draw a picture of Greenaway.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 参考范文： 　　What a party it was！ Hundreds of starfish lit up the palace with golden light.An octopus played fantastic music while everybody danced.Seahorses in all the colours of the rainbow made sure we had plenty of delicious snacks.And the most beautiful cake imaginable was cut into perfect slices by a swordfish wearing a uniform.I felt so amazed and excited that I thanked Greenaway and Queen Aqualeena for this unforgettable visit.They smiled and said they would invite me to visit again. That daydream was so cool that I had to draw a picture of Greenaway.Then I drew one of Queen Aqualeena.A while later， when my little brother and sister saw the pictures， they wanted to hear more details of my underwater adventure.They wondered how I saved the turtle， and how that swordfish cut the cake.That was when I decided to turn those drawings into a book — and I was still having fun working on it！ I had no idea how much a little imagination could help me battle that boring day. 16 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $