Unit 2 Section Ⅳ Extended reading & Project & Assessment-【优学精讲】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册教用Word(译林版)

本讲义以《庞贝城的末日》节选为核心，构建“文本架构分析—精读理解—语言表达”的学习支架。系统梳理复合形容词构词法、核心词汇（如beyond, distance）及重点句型（as引导方式状语从句、be to do结构等），辅以阅读理解、完形填空等多样化练习题。 资料特色在于跨学科融合文学与古罗马历史，通过排比、暗喻等修辞手法分析培养语言能力与思维品质，结合“读文清障”“核心词汇集释”助力课中教学，课后练习题设计帮助学生自主查漏补缺，提升学习能力。

Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment The Last Days of Pompeii 　　 （Excerpt） 　　Edward Bulwer-Lytton （1803－1873） was a talented British writer who left his mark on① the English language.[1]His classic novel The Last Days of Pompeii imagines life in the ancient Roman② city of Pompeii in the year 79③， when Mount Vesuvius erupted④.[2]This terrible natural disaster destroyed Pompeii completely， but it also kept the ancient city as it was for future ages.Since 1748， Pompeii has been systematically⑤ unearthed⑥.Today it is an international tourist destination⑦. 　　[1]句中when引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the year 79，when在从句中作时间状语。 　　[2]句中as引导方式状语从句，as后的it指代前面的 the ancient city； as it was 意为“按照原来的样子”。 　　Pompeii was a typical Roman city.In its little shops， its tiny palaces， its forum⑧， its wine bars⑨， its theatre—in the energy and skill⑩ of its people， you saw a model of the whole Roman Empire.[3]Trading ships bringing imports⑪ to the city or carrying exports⑫ overseas， along with golden pleasure boats for the rich， were crowded together in the glassy water⑬ of the port⑭.The boats of the fishermen moved rapidly in all directions⑮.Above all⑯， the cloud-capped⑰ top of Mount Vesuvius appeared.[4] Its ashy⑱ rocks， now dark， now light， told a story of past eruptions that might have warned the city what was to come！ 　　[3]along with连接并列主语Trading ships和golden pleasure boats，谓语是were crowded together，与前面的主语Trading ships保持数的一致；动词-ing形式短语bringing imports to the city or carrying exports overseas作后置定语，修饰Trading ships。 　　[4]now dark， now light作伴随状语； that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a story； what was to come 作 warned 的宾语，其中be to do结构表示将来；might have done 表示“过去本可以做但实际并没有做”。 　　[5]The awful night rolled slowly away， and the dawn⑲greyly broke on THE LAST DAY OF POMPEII！ [6]The crowd looked upwards， and saw， with unspeakable fear， a huge cloud shooting from the top of the volcano.It took the form of⑳a huge tree： the trunk， blackness， the branches， fire！ This fire moved and changed in colour with every moment： now it was wildly bright， now of a pale and dying red， and now again it burnt with an unbearable㉑ light！ 　　[5]字母全部大写，起强调作用；同时与文章标题相呼应，突出悲剧式的主题，给读者以视觉上的震撼。 　　[6]and连接两个并列谓语looked和saw； saw ...a huge cloud shooting ...是“感官动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构；介词短语with unspeakable fear在此处作状语。 　　The cries of women broke out㉒； the men looked at each other， but were silent.At that moment， they felt the earth shaking beneath their feet； beyond㉓ in the distance㉔， they heard the crash of falling roofs.A moment later， the mountain-cloud seemed to roll towards them， dark and rapid， like a river； at the same time， it threw out a shower of ashes and huge pieces of burning stone！[7]Over the empty streets—over the forum—far and wide㉕—with many a noisy crash in the stormy sea—fell that awful shower！ 　　[7]本句是完全倒装句。该句最重要的信息 fell that awful shower以主句形式出现在最后，次要的信息出现在句首， 通常，这样的句式称为“圆周句”或者“掉尾句”。这种句式可以营造一种悬念，抓住读者的注意力， 随着句子一步步展开， 一层层深入， 在末尾形成高潮， 有力地表达了重要的信息。 　　Each turned to fly—each running， pressing， pushing against the other.If， in the darkness， wife was separated from㉖ husband， or parent from child， there was no hope of their meeting again.Each hurried blindly and fearfully on.[8]So came the earthquake ...and so ended life in Pompeii. 　　Nearly seventeen centuries had rolled away before the city of Pompeii was dug from its silent resting place.[9] Its walls were fresh as if painted yesterday； not a single colour changed on the rich pattern㉗ of its floors.In its forum， the half-finished columns㉘ seemed as if just left by the workman’s hand.[10]Long after fire and ash came for the people of Pompeii， the remains㉙ of their beautiful city survive to remind us that human lives burn bright and short㉚. 　　[8]本句是and连接的并列句，两个分句都是完全倒装句。 　　[9]as if引导方式状语从句，as if painted yesterday为状语从句的省略，完整的句子应该是as if they were painted yesterday。 　　[10]Long after引导时间状语从句；主句是主谓结构，其中to remind us ...是动词不定式短语作结果状语，后面that human lives ...中的that引导的是宾语从句。 【读文清障】 ①leave one’s mark on 对……留下久远的影响 ②Roman adj.古罗马的；罗马的 n.古罗马人；罗马人 the ancient Roman 古罗马 ③in the year 79在公元79年 in the year 79 BCE在公元前79年 ④erupt vi.& vt.（火山）爆发；突然发生 volcanic eruptions 火山喷发 ⑤systematically adv.系统地，有组织地 systematical adj.成体系的；有条理的；系统的system n.体系；制度；系统 ⑥unearth vt.使出土，挖掘，发掘；发现，找到 [同义]excavate， explore ⑦destination n.目的地，终点 ⑧forum n.（古罗马）公共集会场所；论坛 ⑨bar n.酒吧；小馆子；吧台；条，块；栏杆；障碍 vt.封；阻挡；阻止 wine bars 酒吧 ⑩energy and skill 活力和技艺 ⑪import n.进口产品，输入的产品；输入 vt.进口，引进 ⑫export n.出口产品，输出的产品；出口，输出 vt.出口，输出 ⑬in the glassy water 在波光粼粼的水面上 ⑭port n.港口，避风港；港口城市 　[同义]harbour n.海港；港口；海湾 ⑮in all directions 朝着四面八方 ⑯above all 在……上方；首先 　most of all 最重要的是；首先 ⑰cloud-capped adj.高耸入云的，耸入云霄的 ⑱ashy adj.覆盖着灰的；灰色的 　ash n.灰；灰烬 ⑲dawn n.黎明，破晓；开端，萌芽 　vi.开始；开始清楚 　at dawn 在黎明，在拂晓 ⑳take the form of 呈现……的形状；采取……的形式 ㉑unbearable adj.难耐的，无法忍受的 　[构词]un-（否定前缀）＋bear（vt.）＋-able（形容词后缀）→unbearable 　[近义]intolerable adj.无法忍受的，不能容忍的，完全不可接受的 　[反义]bearable adj.可忍受的，能应付的 ㉒break out 突然开始，爆发 ㉓beyond adv.在（或向）较远处；在另一边 prep.在（或向）更远处；超出；晚于；无法；超出……之外 ㉔distance n.遥远，久远；距离；差异；疏远 　in the distance 在远方；在远处 ㉕far and wide 到处，各处 　here and there 到处，各处 ㉖be separated from 与……分离 　be divided into 被分成…… ㉗pattern n.图案，花样；模式；范例；模型 ㉘column n.柱，圆柱；柱状物；栏；专栏；队，列 ㉙remains n.遗址，遗迹；剩余物 ㉚lives burn bright and short 生命灿烂而短暂 【参考译文】 庞贝城的末日 （节选） 　　爱德华·布尔沃-利顿（1803－1873）是一位才华横溢的英国作家，对英语语言产生了深远的影响。在其经典小说《庞贝城的末日》中，他对公元79年维苏威火山爆发时，古罗马城市庞贝的生活场景展开了想象。这场骇人天灾将庞贝城彻底摧毁，却又为后世保存了这座古城的原貌。从1748年起，庞贝城开始得到系统发掘，如今这里已成为国际旅游胜地。 　　庞贝是一座典型的罗马城市。从它的一个个小商铺，一座座小殿宇、广场、酒馆、剧场中——从庞贝人的活力和技艺中，你能看到整个古罗马帝国的缩影。进口货物到城内、出口货物到海外的商船，以及富贵人家金灿灿的游船，齐聚在港口波光粼粼的水面上。条条渔船向着四面八方疾行。在这一切的上方，云雾笼罩的维苏威火山山顶若隐若现。火山岩忽明忽暗，讲述着过去火山几度喷发的故事，这本来可以警告这座城市里的人们，灾难即将降临！ 　　可怕的夜晚缓缓退去，晦暗的晨光开启了庞贝城的末日！人们抬头仰望，眼前景象让他们感到莫名恐惧，只见一团庞大的云正从火山口喷薄而出。它的形状像一棵大树：树干呈黑色，树枝是烈火！火焰翻腾着，颜色变幻不定，时而极明亮，时而又变得微弱，呈现熄灭之前的暗红，时而又烧起来，放出刺眼的强光！ 　　女人们开始尖叫，男人们面面相觑，却都一言不发。那一刻，他们感到大地在脚下晃动，他们听到远处屋顶坍塌的巨响。过了片刻，山上的云团似乎正向他们滚滚而来，阴沉迅猛，如汹涌的江水，与此同时，云团中抛洒下阵阵雨似的火山灰和大块大块燃烧着的石头。可怕的熔岩雨砸下来了，落在空荡荡的街道上、广场上，到处都是，落在波涛汹涌的大海里，发出阵阵巨响！ 　　所有人都赶忙飞奔——他们奔跑，拥挤，你推我搡。黑暗中，一旦妻离子散，就绝不可能重逢了。每个人都惊慌失措地盲目奔逃。这时，地震来了……庞贝城的生活就此终结。 　　时间流过了近十七个世纪，庞贝城终于从它寂静的长眠之地被发掘出来。它的墙壁依然新得像昨天刚刚刷完；地板上繁复的图案，一点都没有褪色。广场上，那些尚未完工的石柱看起来就像刚刚离开工匠之手。在大火和火山灰吞噬庞贝城的人们很久很久之后，他们美丽城市的遗迹幸存下来，提醒我们人类的生命灿烂而短暂。 第一步：析架构，理文本脉络 Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks with suitable words. 　　 第二步：精读文，达明察秋毫 Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer. 1.Which destroyed the city of Pompeii completely？（　　） A.A terrible flood. B.The eruption of Mount Vesuvius. C.A hurricane. D.A terrible tsunami. 2.Which of the following is the right order of the volcanic eruption？（　　） a.The fire moved and changed in colour with every moment. b.The mountain-cloud rolled near， dark and rapid， like a river.It threw out a shower of ashes and huge pieces of burning stone！ c.A huge cloud shot from the peak of the volcano， looking like a huge tree of fire. d.The earth began to shake and the sound of falling roofs could be heard. e.The earthquake came. A.acbed　　　　 B.cadbe C.abdec D.caebd 3.How did people react when they saw the eruption of Mount Vesuvius？（　　） A.Frightened. B.Calm. C.Brave. D.Worried. 4.We can learn from the first paragraph that 　　　　.（　　） A.there used to be few shops in Pompeii B.the people in Pompeii used to live poorly C.Pompeii was a busy city before it was buried D.some boats were destroyed in the accident 5.What happened to Pompeii seventeen centuries later？（　　） A.It was buried deep and forgotten by people forever. B.The colour faded on the rich patterns of its floors. C.It was restored to its former glory. D.It remained as it had been and could still remind people of its glorious past. 答案：1－5　BBACD 第三步：通词句，学语言表达 1.词汇学习——循规律，记单词 （1）名词＋动词-ed →形容词 ①cloud-capped 高耸入云的，耸入云霄的 ②man-made 人造的，人工的 ③machine-made 机器制造的 （2）名词＋动词-ing →形容词 ①English-speaking 讲英语的，说英语的 ②peace-loving 爱好和平的 （3）形容词＋动词-ing →形容词 ①funny-looking 样子好笑的；长相滑稽的 ②ordinary-looking 长相一般的；相貌平平的 （4）形容词＋名词-ed →形容词 ①cold-blooded 冷血的，冷酷的 ②good-tempered 好脾气的 2.美句欣赏——赏佳句，品用法 本篇课文中运用了多种修辞手法。下面我们结合课文来具体分析。 （1）排比：是把三个或三个以上的、结构相同或相似、意思相关、语气一致的短语、句子或段落成串地排列在一起的修辞手法。 如课文第一段中的　In its little shops， its tiny palaces， its forum， its wine bars， its theatre—in the energy and skill of its people， you saw a model of the whole Roman Empire.　将六个its结构连用，起到强调作用，意指庞贝古城在方方面面都有古罗马帝国的影子。 （2）暗喻：暗喻也称隐喻，是直接将A事物当作B事物描写，A事物和B事物之间的联系或相似之处是暗含的。不用like、as等比喻词。 如课文第二段中的　The crowd looked upwards， and saw， with unspeakable fear， a huge cloud shooting from the top of the volcano.It took the form of a huge tree：the trunk， blackness， the branches， fire！　采用了暗喻的修辞手法，将喷发中的火山比作一棵巨大的树。 （3）明喻：通常用比喻词对两种具有共同特征的事物或现象进行比较，表明本体和喻体的相似关系。常用的比喻词有like、as、as if等。 如课文第三段中的　A moment later， the mountain-cloud seemed to roll towards them， dark and rapid， like a river ...　采用了明喻的修辞手法，将火山喷发时爆发出的滚滚浓烟比作汹涌的江水，使读者能够身临其境地感受到火山喷发时的恐怖场面。 Part Ⅰ　核心词汇集释 beyond adv.在（或向）较远处，在另一边 prep.在（或向）更远处；超出；晚于；无法；超出……之外 【教材原句】　At that moment， they felt the earth shaking beneath their feet； beyond in the distance， they heard the crash of falling roofs. 那一刻，他们感到大地在脚下晃动；他们听到远处屋顶坍塌的巨响。 【用法】 be beyond sb 　 超出某人的理解能力 beyond control/repair/belief 无法控制/修理/相信 beyond one’s power 超出某人的能力 beyond one’s reach＝beyond the reach of sb 在某人够不到的地方 beyond description/expression 无法形容，难以表达 beyond comprehension 无法理解 beyond breaking point 超出极限 【佳句】　I can see through the open door into the room beyond. 通过敞开的大门我可以看见更远处的房间。 【练透】　用beyond的相关短语填空 ①My mother used to keep the lighters 　beyond my reach/beyond the reach of me　 when I was a little child. ②I’d like to help you， but it’s really 　beyond my power　. ③The beauty of the old town is really 　beyond description/expression　. ④This concept was utterly 　beyond her comprehension　， so she couldn’t follow what the teacher said. 【写美】　翻译句子 ⑤我们已无法控制这一局面。 　The situation is beyond our control.　 distance n.遥远，久远；距离；差异；疏远 【用法】 （1）in the distance　　在远方；在远处 at/from a distance 从远处，离一段距离（不是很远） at a distance of ... 在……远的地方 within walking distance 在步行距离之内 keep one’s distance （from ...）（与……）保持距离 keep sb at a distance 对某人冷淡，疏远 （2）distant adj. 遥远的；疏远的 distantly adv. 遥远地；疏远地 【佳句】　Farther in the distance， I could enjoy the view of snowy mountains. 在更远的地方，我可以欣赏雪山的景色。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①We spotted them waving to us 　at　 a distance of 50 meters. ②With many people around the fountain， I saw it pumping the water into the air 　at/from　 a distance. ③They told me they were 　distantly　 （distance） related in the village. ④To many people， technology means computers， hand-held devices， or vehicles that travel to 　distant　 （distance） planets. 【写美】　完成句子 ⑤　In the distance　， we saw the Pacific Ocean for the first time. 在远处， 我们第一次看到了太平洋。 rescue n.& vt.救援，营救，抢救 【教材原句】　Dogs have been very helpful in rescue efforts on land. 狗对陆地上的救援工作非常有帮助。 【用法】 （1）come to one’s rescue 　营救某人，帮助某人 a rescue attempt/operation 一次营救尝试/行动 a rescue team 一支救援队 rescue workers/boats 救援人员/船只 （2）rescue sb from ... 从……中营救某人 （3）rescuer n. 营救人员 【佳句】　When we were trapped in the ruins， the rescue team came to our rescue and rescued all of us from the ruins. 当我们被困在废墟中时，救援队赶来救援，把我们从废墟中救了出来。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①Fortunately，these 　rescuers　 （rescue）brought the climbers back safe and sound. ②The two men on the fishing ship 　were rescued　 （rescue） before it sank. ③The woman is comforting the boy 　rescued　 （rescue） from the old building. 【写美】　词汇升级 ④Luckily， the police rescued us when we were trapped in the car. →Luckily， the police 　came to our rescue　 when we were trapped in the car. sharp adj.灵敏的；锋利的；急剧的；明显的；尖锐的；强烈的 【教材原句】　Because of their small size and sharp sense of smell， dogs can locate survivors much faster than humans can. 因为狗体形小，嗅觉灵敏，它们定位幸存者的速度要比人快得多。 【用法】 （1）a sharp increase/fall in prices 价格的急剧上涨/下跌　 a sharp pain 一阵剧痛 sharp eyes 敏锐的眼睛 （2）sharply adv. 猛烈地；急剧地；明显地 sharpen vt.& vi. （使）变得锋利，变得清晰；使尖锐 sharpener n. 磨具，削具 【佳句】　I sharpened the knife using a sharpener， and now it’s sharp enough to cut meat into pieces. 我用磨刀器把这把刀磨锋利，现在它很锋利，能够把肉切成碎块。 【练透】　语境辨义/单句语法填空 ①After the storm， there was a sharp drop in temperature. 　急剧的　 ②It was very sharp of you to have noticed that.It is only a very small fault. 　灵敏的　 ③This knife needs 　sharpening/to be sharpened　 （sharpen）. ④The total number of private cars rose 　sharply　 （sharp） from 32 million to 154 million. 【写美】　完成句子 ⑤　It was very sharp of　 you to see that！ 你能看到那一点，很有洞察力！ Part Ⅱ　中频词汇特训 take the form of 呈现……的形状；采取……的形式 【教材原句】　It took the form of a huge tree： the trunk， blackness， the branches， fire！ 它的形状像一棵大树：树干呈黑色，树枝是烈火！ 【用法】 （1）form n.　 形状；形式；结构；种类；表格；体能 　 　vt.& vi.　　 　（使）组成；形成；构成 （2）take form 逐渐成形；逐渐发展 in the form of ... 以……的形式 fill in/out the form 填表格 （3）form the habit of doing sth　养成做某事的习惯 【佳句】　This valley takes the form of a big “U”. 这座山谷呈现出一个大大的U形。 We can form a good habit of putting the rubbish in the trash can. 我们要养成把垃圾投进垃圾箱的好习惯。 【练透】　根据汉语提示完成句子 ①We are supposed to 　form good learning habits　 （养成良好的学习习惯）， which can contribute to better academic performance. ②Assuming that you are interested in it， please 　fill in the application form　 （填写申请表） and send it to us. ③Nowadays the beggars like our help 　in the form of money　 （以钱的形式） rather than food. ④The aid might 　take the form of　 （呈现……的形式） personal service or of cash. ⑤In her body a new life was 　taking form　 （逐渐成形）. locate vt.找出……的准确位置；把……安置在（或建造于） 【教材原句】　Because of their small size and sharp sense of smell， dogs can locate survivors much faster than humans can. 因为狗体形小，嗅觉灵敏，它们定位幸存者的速度要比人快得多。 【用法】 （1）located adj.　 位于；处于；坐落于 be located in/on/at 位于；坐落于 be situated in 位于；坐落于 lie in 位于 （2）location n. 地点；位置 the location of ... ……的位置 【佳句】　First of all， the reading room in school library is located on the third floor and opens from 8：00 a.m. to 5：30 p.m. on weekdays and 9：00 a.m. to 4：00 p.m. at weekends. 首先，校图书馆阅览室位于三楼，工作日上午8：00至下午5：30，周末上午9：00至下午4：00开放。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①Surrounded by green trees， the farm 　 is located　 （locate） at the foot of the hill near our school. ②The 　location　 （locate） of the newly-built factory is close to the railway. 【写美】　一句多译 ③这个农场位于我市郊区，有蔬菜、水果等多种农作物。 →The farm， 　located/situated in the suburb of our city　， has a wide range of crops such as vegetables and fruit.（过去分词短语作定语） →The farm， 　which lies in the suburb of our city　， has a wide range of crops such as vegetables and fruit.（非限制性定语从句，lie） Part Ⅲ　重点句型解构 句型公式：as引导的方式状语从句 【教材原句】　This terrible natural disaster destroyed Pompeii completely， but it also kept the ancient city as it was for future ages. 这场骇人天灾将庞贝城彻底摧毁，却又为后世保存了这座古城的原貌。 【用法】 as作连词的主要用法： （1）as在本句中引导方式状语从句，意为“如同，按照……的方式（样子、方法）”。常用于（just） as ...as ...和as＋动词-ed形式的省略结构中。 （2）as引导时间状语从句，意为“随着；一边……一边……”。 （3）as引导原因状语从句，意为“因为；由于”。 （4）as引导比较状语从句，意为“像……一样”。 （5）as引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”，从句通常用倒装句式，即“名词/形容词/副词/分词/动词＋as＋系动词be/助动词”结构。 【品悟】　When in Rome， do as Romans do.入乡随俗。 As my mother was satisfied with my behaviour， she began to smile. 由于妈妈对我的表现感到满意，她露出了笑容。 They sang songs as they were doing farm work. 他们一边干农活，一边唱歌。 【写美】　完成句子/句式升级 ①　If you do as I say　， your dream will come true soon. 如果你按照我说的去做，你的梦想将很快实现。 ②The two boys sang in a loud voice 　as they walked along the river　. 两个男孩沿着河一边走，一边高歌。 ③　As I don’t know the meaning of the word　， I have to look it up in the dictionary. 因为我不知道这个单词的意思，只好查词典了。 ④　Young as he is　， he knows a lot about astronomy. 虽然他很年轻，但他知道很多天文学知识。 ⑤Although they were tired， they stayed up preparing the report. →　Tired as they were　， they stayed up preparing the report.（用as升级句子） ⑥As time went by， they saw less and less of each other. →　With time going by　， they saw less and less of each other.（用with升级句子） 句型公式：be to do结构 【教材原句】　Its ashy rocks， now dark， now light， told a story of past eruptions that might have warned the city what was to come！ 火山岩忽明忽暗，讲述着过去火山几度喷发的故事，这本来可以警告这座城市里的人们，灾难即将降临！ 【用法】 be to do结构表示将来，主要有以下几个方面的含义： （1）表示不可避免地将要发生或命中注定的事情，常译为“注定会……，一定会……”。 （2）表示预先安排好的计划或约定。 （3）表示“必须……”，相当于must或have to。 （4）表示“想；打算”，相当于intend或want。 （5）用于if或even if/though引导的从句中，表示对未来的假设。 【品悟】　 His invention was to bring a sharp increase to the rice production of the world. 他的发明注定要大幅度提高世界水稻的产量。 【点津】　在be to do结构中，若do与句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，动词不定式要用to be done。 【写美】　完成句子 ①The discovery 　is to have a major effect　 on the treatment of heart disease. 这一发现将对心脏病的治疗产生重大影响。 ②　All of us are to meet　 outside of the school gate. 我们大家将在校门外集合。 （应用文写作之通知） ③You 　are to have reported　 it to the police. 你本来应该向警察报告此事的。 ④If we 　are to be there　 on time， we’d better go now. 如果我们想要按时到那儿，最好现在就走。 ⑤　You are to succeed　 because you are wise and hard-working.你一定会成功的，因为你既聪明又勤奋。 （应用文写作之建议信） 句型公式：状语从句的省略 【教材原句】　Its walls were fresh as if painted yesterday ...它的墙壁依然新得像昨天刚刚刷完…… 【用法】 句中as if引导方式状语从句，as if 后省略了they were。 （1）as if/though引导的从句中的主语和主句主语一致，且含有be动词时，从句中的主语和be动词常常可以省略。 （2）引导状语从句时，可以省略从句中的主语和be动词的连词还有while、 once、 as、 when、 unless、 until、 even if、 though、 if等。 【品悟】　Then she was just staring at me as if （she was） trying to figure me out. 当时她就一直盯着我，好像想弄明白我是谁。 While （he was） walking the dog， he was careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.在遛狗的时候，他不小心松了手，结果狗被一辆汽车撞了。 Once （it is） set， the time cannot be changed. 时间一旦被设定就不能更改。 【写美】　完成句子/句式升级 ①　When asked where she was from　， the little girl was only crying， saying nothing. 当被问到她从哪里来时，这个小女孩只是哭，什么也不说。 （读后续写之情感描写） ②The old man was lying on the ground as if he was badly hurt. →The old man was lying on the ground 　as if badly hurt　.（状语从句的省略） ③If I am accepted， I can introduce Chinese painting skills to visitors.It can help them know more about Chinese culture. →　If accepted， I can introduce Chinese painting skills to visitors， which can help them know more about Chinese culture.　（用状语从句的省略和定语从句合并升级） 维度一：品句填词 根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。 1. To her worry， her mother’s condition took a sharp　 turn for the worse. 2.Firefighters rescued　 nearly 20 people from the roof of the burning building. 3.We import　 raw materials and energy and export　 mainly industrial products. 4.Our luggage was checked all the way through to our final destination　. 5.We watched the explosion from a safe distance　. 6.When the volcano erupted　， the farmers were working at the foot of the mountain. 7.Mooncake is a kind of round cookie with different artistic 　patterns　 （图案） on the surface. 8.Try to 　locate　 （找到……的准确位置） exactly where the smells are entering the room. 9.Our success was far 　beyond　 （超出） what we thought possible. 10.Researchers have 　unearthed　 （发现） documents from the 1600s. 维度二：词形转换 用所给单词的正确形式填空。 1.Her manner was cold and 　distant　 （distance）. 2.The 　eruption　（erupt） of an active volcano is a terrible phenomenon. 3.The village was used as the 　location　 （locate） for a popular TV series. 4.He was presented with the watch on the occasion of his 　retirement　 （retire）. 5.Keeping prices from going up too 　sharply　 （sharp） is a challenge to China as well as the whole world. 6.It took 　rescuers　 （rescue） 90 minutes to reach the trapped men. 7.By the evening， it had become 　unbearably　 （unbearable） cold. 维度三：固定搭配和句式 根据汉语及括号内提示完成下列句子。 1.我想和你成为像从前那样好的朋友。（方式状语从句） I want to become good friends with you 　as it was before　！ 2.他买了一块“心”形生日蛋糕。（take the form of） He bought a birthday cake， which 　took the form of a heart　. 3.你为什么迟到了？你本应该早来五分钟。（情态动词＋have done） Why are you late？ You 　should/ought to have come　 five minutes earlier. 4.一个老妇人站在学校门口，似乎在等人。（as if 引导方式状语从句的省略） An old woman stood at the school gate 　as if waiting for someone　. 5.火车将于下午一点到达上海。（be to do） The train 　is to arrive in Shanghai at 1：00 pm　. 维度四：课文语法填空 阅读课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 　　Pompeii was a typical Roman city 1.　where　 people could see a model of the whole Roman Empire.The rocks of Mount Vesuvius in Pompeii warned people 2.　of　 the possible eruption. 　　The next morning， a huge cloud in the form of a tree 3.　shot　 （shoot） from the peak of the volcano.The earth 4.　shook　 （shake） violently.Ashes and 5.　burning　 （burn） stones were thrown out like a shower.People ran away 6.　in　 all directions fearfully.Then 7.　came　 （come） the earthquake. 　　Nearly seventeen centuries later， the 8.　remains　 （remain） of the city were dug out.Its walls were fresh as if 9.　painted　（paint） yesterday and the columns seemed as if just 10.　left　 （leave） by the workman’s hand. Ⅰ.阅读理解 　　Can you survive an unannounced storm？ Although there is expert broadcasting and we are equipped with cellphones， there are still some examples when the violent weather takes us by surprise. 　　While most Atlantic hurricanes form off the coast of Africa giving plenty of early warning， sudden Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico hurricanes form and move rapidly in less than a day’s time， endangering everyone and everything in their path. 　　There have been oil workers trapped off the coast when sudden storms appeared.Field archaeologists have been stuck in seaside areas without storm warnings.A few decades ago， a Texas National Guard group was trapped on the beach by rain-forced flooding and had to ride out a major hurricane during a training exercise.There’ve been a few cases where travelers were trapped on an island or in a seaside area and unable to escape in time. 　　Escaping from the storm-threatened areas is generally a choice for most of us — but not for all.Each year thousands of islanders across the Caribbean face the danger of hurricanes without a public shelter to hide in.Most ride out the storm in their homes. 　　But there’re a few things you can do to prepare yourself for some unexpected emergencies.Being prepared for the unexpected may be your best and only defense.If you’re headed outdoors for a few days or weeks， you should always carry a flashlight （手电筒） with extra batteries， a GPS device （装置） ， and a basic medical box.If you’re traveling in your car， remember you may suffer from high winds.You’d better not stay inside to avoid being blown away along with your car.Keeping your head and your courage up is crucial to survival in any type of danger.Let common sense guide you and always be prepared for the worst. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是飓风给人们带来的危害，同时提供了一些应对突发情况的建议。 1.What can we know about most Atlantic hurricanes from the text？（　　） A.They form in the Caribbean Sea. B.They come from Gulf of Mexico. C.They are from the Pacific Ocean. D.They develop off the coast of Africa. 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段中While most Atlantic hurricanes form off the coast of Africa giving plenty of early warning可知，大部分的大西洋飓风是在非洲沿岸形成的。 2.What is the third paragraph mainly about？（　　） A.The bad situations of oil workers. B.People trapped by sudden storms. C.The danger of traveling on an island. D.The Texas National Guard group. 解析：B　段落大意题。根据第三段中oil workers、Field archeologists、a Texas National Guard group和travelers可知，本段主要讲述的是被突如其来的飓风所困的人。 3.What is the purpose of the last paragraph？（　　） A.To give some advice. B.To encourage traveling. C.To underline the danger of hurricanes. D.To give some warnings. 解析：A　目的意图题。根据最后一段首句But there’re a few things you can do to prepare yourself for some unexpected emergencies.以及下文提供的建议可知，本段的目的是给出一些应对预料之外的紧急情况的建议。 4.In which part of a website would you most probably find the text？（　　） A.Food. B.Sports. C.Life. D.Culture. 解析：C　文章出处题。根据首段并结合下文中介绍的飓风给人们带来的危害，同时提供了一些应对突发情况的建议可知，本文最有可能出现在网站的“生命；生活”部分。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 　　While today’s roads are safer than ever before， accidents still happen.5.（　　） This practice involves anticipating potential risks and driving in a way that keeps you safe and secure based on road conditions.Here are some specific tips that could help you. 　　Observe， anticipate and plan. 　　Defensive driving is all about being observant， anticipating problems and planning ahead.So， what can you see？ What does that mean to you？ And what will you do about it to stay safe？ 6.（　　） This means you can anticipate that there might be a garbage truck around the next corner， so you should slow down on the bend just in case. 　　Be cautious about turn signals. 　　Just because the car in front of you is indicating left doesn’t mean it will actually turn that way.7.（　　） Wait and see what the driver does rather than presuming （推测） he or she realizes that the turn signals are on.Don’t do anything until you know for sure. 　　Create a safety bubble. 　　8.（　　） In this way， you will have room to maneuver （移动车辆） when others make mistakes.Always remember that however hard you are concentrating on the road， the person coming toward you might be messing with their phone or just generally distracted.You can never be sure they’ll do the right thing. 　　9.（　　） 　　If the person behind you is driving erratically （摇晃不定地） or too close， when it’s safe to do so， pull over and let him or her pass.Driving is not a race.It’s best to play it safe and avoid putting yourself in a dangerous position. A.If in doubt， pull over. B.Look in your mirrors frequently. C.Keep a close eye on the road ahead. D.For example， you might notice some garbage cans are out on the street. E.Keep as much space around your car as possible when you’re on the road. F.One of the best ways to stay safe on roads is by practicing defensive driving. G.Unless you can physically see the vehicle turning， that action hasn’t been confirmed. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章提出了几点关于防御性驾驶的建议。 5.F　设空处前一句说明虽然如今的道路比以往任何时候都更安全，但事故仍在发生；设空处后一句提到这种做法涉及预测潜在风险以及根据路况安全驾驶。设空处后一句的This practice指代F项中的defensive driving。 6.D　上文指出防御性驾驶就是要作出观察、预测和计划。下文说明这就意味着你能预见到下一个拐角处可能会有一辆垃圾车，所以你应该在弯道减速，以防万一。D项对上文进行举例说明，其中的garbage cans与下文中的a garbage truck相呼应。 7.G　设空处前一句说明即便你前面的车开启了左转向灯，也不意味着它真的会左转。设空处后一句指出：观望一下前车的驾驶员会怎么做，而不是假定这位驾驶员知道自己开启了转向灯。G项中的turning与小标题中的turn signals以及下文中的turn signals相呼应。 8.E　下文指出：这样一来，当别人犯错时，你就有回旋的余地。E项中的Keep as much space around your car as possible 与设空处后一句中的have room to maneuver相呼应。 9.A　通读设空处下面一段可知，如果你后车的驾驶员开车摇晃不定或者离得太近，在安全的情况下靠边停车，为其让路。开车不是比赛，安全最重要。因此，A项概括了本段主旨，适合作小标题，其中的pull over与下文中的pull over构成原词复现。 Ⅲ.完形填空 　　Moe Hunter was struck down by a serious brain disease many years ago， and he spent more than a month in a coma （昏迷）.He 　10　 brain surgery and recovered much more quickly than expected： “My doctor said it was a 　11　.” 　　Not only that， he soon amazed his friends and family with the 　12　 he showed.The 38-year-old 　13　 had a talent for drawing， painting， and model building — despite “being rubbish” at art in school. 　　Hunter said， “ When I 　14　 all of my stuff， I had no idea how it had happened.When I spoke to the doctor， he just said ‘　15　 it， ’ and said there’s so much about the brain they still can’t 　16　 and this is just a phenomenon （现象）.Nobody has really given a medical explanation for it.” 　　The 　17　 thing he drew was a character in a video game， and his mother immediately asked， “When did you learn how to 　18　？” 　　“It was 　19　.I haven’t stopped since then.I just 　20　 I had this passion which never existed in me before，” Hunter said. 　　He used his 　21　 skills to work for himself as a carpenter （木工） and began 　22　 models of his favourite superheroes and film characters.The father-of-one has since sold pieces of his artwork. 　　“After being given this second chance at life and a new 　23　， I wanted to 　24　 it， and it was nice.I’m just doing what my doctor told me to do and trying to enjoy it，” said Hunter. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。一位男士在接受脑部手术后，意外获得了从未有过的艺术才能。 10.A.awoke from B.counted on C.gave up D.prepared for 解析：A　根据上句的he spent more than a month in a coma可知，Hunter昏迷了一个多月；结合本句中的recovered much more quickly than expected可知，Hunter接受脑部手术后醒了过来，并恢复得比预期快得多。 11.A.miss B.warning C.mistake D.wonder 解析：D　根据语境可知，空前的it指代上文中Hunter恢复得很快这件事，结合文章首句中的a serious brain disease和a month in a coma可知，能在重病后恢复得这么快是一个奇迹。 12.A.generosity B.creativity C.curiosity D.honesty 解析：B　根据空前的he soon amazed his friends and family以及下句中的had a talent for drawing， painting， and model building和“being rubbish” at art in school可知，Hunter上学时并不擅长艺术，因此他是突然拥有绘画和模型制作等才能的；而进行艺术类活动是在创作，因此是他所展示出的创造力令他的朋友和家人大为惊讶。第五段中Hunter所说which never existed in me before也是提示。 13.A.suddenly B.probably C.finally D.nearly 解析：A　参见上题解析。 14.A.tried out B.handed in C.looked at D.took over 解析：C　根据语境可知，后半句中的it指代all of my stuff，即Hunter创作出的作品；结合上文中他突然拥有艺术才能可知，他看着自己创作出来的东西时，都不知道自己是怎么做到的。 15.A.forget B.stop C.prove D.enjoy 解析：D　最后一段中的I’m just doing what my doctor told me to do and trying to enjoy it提示本空选择enjoy，属于原词复现。 16.A.imagine B.cure C.understand D.change 解析：C　根据空后的this is just a phenomenon及下句可知，医生表示，有很多关于大脑的事情他们仍然无法了解。 17.A.same B.only C.best D.first 解析：D　根据后半句his mother immediately asked， “When did you learn how to 　18　？”和下段中I haven’t stopped since then.可知，此处介绍的是Hunter所画的第一幅图。 18.A.drive B.draw C.dance D.design 解析：B　上半句中的drew提示本空选draw，属于原词复现。 19.A.crazy B.hopeless C.wrong D.different 解析：A　根据上段中母亲的提问可知，Hunter的画令母亲感到惊讶。由此推断，此处是Hunter对自己突然具备绘画才能的事实感到不可思议。故选crazy。 20.A.remembered B.believed C.found D.accepted 解析：C　根据上句I haven’t stopped since then.可知，空后的I had this passion which never existed in me before是Hunter所发现的事情。 21.A.medical B.unique C.social D.new 解析：D　根据空后的work for himself as a carpenter可知，Hunter利用的是他的艺术才能；结合上文内容可知，他的艺术才能是手术后意外得到的，即新获得的，故选new。下段首句中的new也是提示。 22.A.building B.following C.testing D.exploring 解析：A　根据空前的work for himself as a carpenter和下句The father-of-one has since sold pieces of his artwork.可知，Hunter开始制作并出售他最喜欢的超级英雄和电影角色的模型。 23.A.job B.meaning C.talent D.identity 解析：C　根据下句中Hunter所说I’m just doing what my doctor told me to do and trying to enjoy it并结合文章内容可知，Hunter术后重生并获得了新才能，而他决定好好利用和享受这一才能。 24.A.take place of B.take advantage of C.take care of D.take charge of 解析：B　参见上题解析。 Ⅳ.读后续写 　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 　　Steven James Squeak was a student in Lincoln Elementary School.When Squeak entered the fifth grade， he was already a wizard （奇才） at riding a skateboard （滑板）.He also kept his grades up， proving he was really a great role model for other students. 　　Squeak loved skateboarding， but he wanted to give something new a try.After seeing a video of some amazing surfers on the Internet， he knew what challenge he wanted to take on next. 　　“Surfing is perfect for me，” he told his parents one evening， while trying to get them to pay for lessons.“Besides， it’s just like skateboarding！” 　　Squeak’s parents agreed to pay for some surfing lessons for their son.They invited a man named Troy Mason to teach him.Troy had been in international competitions when he was young and was rather famous in the surfing world. 　　Squeak soon found out that surfing was quite different from skateboarding.After forty-five minutes of his first lesson with Troy， he failed to balance himself on his new surfboard for more than a second or two.While on top of the surfboard， unlike the pavement （路面） under his skateboard that never moved， the water never stopped moving， causing him to fall time and time again. 　　“You’ll get it， kid，” Troy said to him， trying to encourage Squeak.“Don’t worry about it.You just need to keep coming out here into the water with me to practice， the same as what you did with your skateboard.” 　　Squeak thanked Troy and showed up for each of his lessons.Throughout his fourth lesson with Troy， Squeak was finally making some progress.He could stand on the board and direct it a little bit to the left and a little bit to the right. 　　“Keep up the good work！” said Troy.“Let’s head back to the beach.” 　　Troy turned around and swam in the direction of the beach.Squeak wanted to keep on surfing and try staying on his board a little longer.Suddenly， he heard someone yelling “Help！ Help！” Squeak saw a man struggling in the water， and that there was no one else nearby.The lifeguard （救生员） must have just switched spots. 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式作答。 Squeak concentrated as hard as he could and hopped （跳） on his board.　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　Troy was waiting along with a crowd of people. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 参考范文： 　　Squeak concentrated as hard as he could and hopped （跳） on his board.He took a wave right over to the man who called for help.It was the longest time Squeak had spent balancing on his surfboard yet！ Squeak got over to him in a moment and put his arm under the man’s. They used his board to float to the beach where a crowd had gathered.Finally， the lifeguard saw what was happening and jumped in to help， too. Troy was waiting along with a crowd of people.As soon as Squeak and the man he’d helped got back to the beach， he ran up to Squeak.“Troy！” Squeak said excitedly.“Did you see me？ I surfed！ I really surfed！” Troy nodded happily and hugged him.He’d seen Squeak help the man， and felt proud of him.“Squeak， you are a hero！” He said aloud.He was even surprised that Squeak could surf！From then on， Squeak was known more for his surfing than his skateboarding. 19 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $