Unit 1 Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking-【优学精讲】2024-2025学年高中英语选择性必修第四册教用Word(人教版)

本讲义围绕阅读文本“Satisfaction Guaranteed”展开，系统梳理家用机器人测试的故事脉络，通过“析架构理清脉络”“知细节明察秋毫”“品佳句妙笔生辉”“抒己见提升思维”“辨难句拆分解读”五个步骤搭建学习支架，涵盖核心词汇（如test out, ridiculous, dignity）、重点句型（如more...than..., 完全倒装）及语篇分析策略，形成从文本理解到语言运用的递进式学习路径。 资料特色在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，通过“抒己见提升思维”环节引导学生探讨人与机器人的关系，提升批判性思维，核心词汇和句型部分设计“练透”“写美”练习，结合语境强化应用，助力学习能力发展。课中教师可依托分层任务引导学生深入文本，课后学生能通过练习题巩固知识，有效查漏补缺。

Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking SATISFACTION① GUARANTEED （Adapted） 　　[1]Larry Belmont worked for a company that made robots.Recently it had begun experimenting with a household② robot.It was going to be tested out ③by Larry’s wife， Claire. 　　[2]Claire didn’t want the robot in her house， especially as her husband would be away on a business trip④ for three weeks， but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn’t harm her or allow her to be harmed.It would be a bonus⑤.However， when she first saw the robot， she felt alarmed⑥.His name was Tony.He seemed more like⑦ a human than a machine.He was tall and handsome with smooth hair and a deep voice， [3]although his facial expression never changed. 　　[1]that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a company。 　　[2]as引导时间状语从句。 　　[3]although引导让步状语从句。 　　On the second morning，Tony brought her breakfast and then asked her whether she needed help dressing.She felt embarrassed⑧ and quickly told him to go.[4]Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human， and it was disturbing⑨. 　　One day， Claire mentioned that she didn’t think she was clever.Tony said that she must feel very unhappy to say that.Claire thought it was ridiculous⑩ that she was being offered sympathy⑪ by a robot， but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity⑫ and began to trust him. He always treated her with dignity⑬. [5]She told him how she was unhappy that her home wasn’t elegant⑭ enough for Larry， who wanted to improve his social position with a bigger salary⑮. She wasn’t like Gladys Claffern， one of the richest and most powerful women around. 　　As a favour⑯， Tony promised to help Claire make herself more beautiful and her home more elegant.So Claire borrowed some library books for him to read， or rather⑰， scan⑱.[6]She looked at his fingers with wonder⑲ as they turned each page.How absurd⑳， she thought.He was just a machine. 　　[4]此句为过去进行时的被动语态，that引导定语从句，修饰先行词a robot。 　　[5]how引导宾语从句，作told的直接宾语；who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Larry。 　　[6]as引导时间状语从句，表示“当……的时候”。 　　Tony gave Claire a new hairstyle㉑ and improved her makeup㉒.As he was not allowed to accompany㉓ her to the shops， he wrote out a list of things that he would need for his work on the house.Claire went downtown and bought these things.She had an appointment㉔ to paint her nails㉕， then she went into an expensive clothes shop.The saleswoman㉖ there was rude to㉗ her， so she rang Tony and told him she was being treated badly.He spoke to the woman，who immediately changed her attitude.Claire thanked Tony， [7]telling him that he was a “dear”.[8]As she turned around㉘， there stood Gladys Claffern.How awful㉙ to be discovered by her， Claire thought.By the look on her face， Claire knew that Gladys thought they were in a relationship㉚.After all， she knew Claire’s husband’s name was Larry， not Tony.Although it was completely innocent㉛， Claire felt guilty㉜. 　　[7]动词-ing短语作伴随状语。 　　[8]there stood Gladys Claffern是完全倒装句。 　　When Claire got home， she wept.[9]Gladys was everything Claire wished to be.[10]Tony told her she was being sensitive㉝ and was just as good as Gladys.[11]He suggested that she invite Gladys and her friends to the house the night before he was to leave and Larry was to return.By that time， Tony expected that the house， which was being completely transformed㉞， would be ready. 　　[9]Claire wished to be是省略了关系代词that的定语从句，修饰先行词everything。 　　[10]was being sensitive 属于“be＋being＋形容词”结构，常用来表达被陈述对象行为反常（暂时的特点或表现）以及说话人的惊讶、不满、责备等情绪。 　　[11]that引导宾语从句，作suggested的宾语，从句用虚拟语气。 　　Tony worked steadily㉟ on the improvements.[12] Claire tried to help by working on a light suspended㊱ from the ceiling， but she fell off the ladder.[13]Even though Tony had been in the next room， he managed to catch㊲ her in time.[14]As he held her， she felt the warmth of his body. She screamed， pushed him away， and ran to her room. 　　The night of the party arrived.The clock struck eight.The guests would be arriving soon， so Claire dismissed㊳ Tony for the rest of the night.At that moment， Tony took her in his arms， bringing his face close to hers. She heard him declare㊴that he did not want to leave her the next day， and that he felt more than㊵ just the desire to please her.Then the front door bell rang. 　　[12]过去分词短语suspended from the ceiling作后置定语，修饰a light。 　　[13]Even though引导让步状语从句。 　　[14]As引导时间状语从句。 【读文清障】 ①satisfaction n.满意；满足；令人满意的事物 ②household adj.家庭的；家用的 n.一家人；家庭 ③test out 检验；测试 ④on a business trip 出差 ⑤bonus n.意外收获；奖金；红利 ⑥alarmed adj.担心的；害怕的 alarm vt.使惊恐；使害怕；使担心 n.警报；惊恐 ⑦more like更像是；更接近 ⑧embarrassed adj.难堪的；尴尬的 embarrassing adj.让人难堪（尴尬、害羞）的 ⑨disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的 disturb vt.打扰；搅乱；使烦恼 ⑩ridiculous adj.愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的 ⑪sympathy n.同情；理解；支持；赞同 offer sb sympathy向某人表示同情 ⑫integrity n.诚实正直；完整；完好 ⑬dignity n.庄重；庄严；尊严 ⑭elegant adj.优雅的；高雅的；讲究的 ⑮salary n.薪水；薪金 ⑯favour n.帮助；赞同；恩惠 vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于 as a favour 作为恩惠 ⑰or rather更确切地说 ⑱scan vt.细看；仔细检查；粗略地读；浏览；扫描 ⑲with wonder惊奇地 ⑳absurd adj.荒谬的；荒唐的 ㉑hairstyle n.发型；发式 ㉒makeup n.化妆品；妆容 ㉓accompany vt.陪伴；陪同；伴随；为……伴奏 ㉔appointment n.预约；约会；委任 ㉕nail n.指甲；趾甲；钉子 vt.（用钉子）钉牢；固定 ㉖saleswoman n.女售货员；女推销员 ㉗be rude to对……粗鲁的 ㉘turn around转身；翻转 ㉙awful adj.很坏的；极讨厌的；可怕的；（口语）糟透的 ㉚in a relationship在恋爱中 ㉛innocent adj.无辜的 innocence n.天真；单纯；无罪 ㉜guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的 ㉝sensitive adj.敏感的 ㉞transform v.转变；改变 ㉟steadily adv.稳定地 ㊱suspend vt.悬；挂；暂停；暂缓 ㊲manage to do sth设法做成某事 ㊳dismiss vt.让（某人）离开；解散；解雇；消除 ㊴declare vt.表明；宣称；公布 ㊵more than 不仅仅是，远非 【参考译文】 包你满意（改编版） 　　拉里·贝尔蒙特在一家机器人制造公司工作。该公司最近开始试验家用机器人。机器人将由拉里的妻子克莱尔进行试用。 　　克莱尔并不想家里有个机器人，尤其是在她丈夫要出差三周的时候，但是拉里劝她说机器人不会伤害她，也不会让她受到伤害。还会是个意外收获。然而，第一次看到机器人时，克莱尔还是有点惊慌。这个机器人名叫托尼，看着不太像机器，而更像一个真人。托尼高大英俊，头发顺滑，嗓音低沉，不过他的面部表情始终不变。 　　第二天早晨，托尼给克莱尔端来了早餐，还问她是否需要帮忙穿衣打扮。克莱尔感到非常尴尬，立刻让托尼走开。现在，她正由一个看起来这么像人类的机器人照料着，这很令人不安。 　　有一天，克莱尔说她觉得自己并不聪明。托尼说她肯定是感到很不开心才会这么说。克莱尔觉得一个机器人对她表示同情十分荒谬，但她逐渐欣赏托尼的智慧和正直，并且开始信任他。托尼对她彬彬有礼。克莱尔告诉托尼自己多么的不开心，因为拉里觉得家里不够雅致；拉里想通过涨工资来提高自己的社会地位。克莱尔与格拉迪丝·克拉芬不同，后者是当地最有钱有势的女性之一。 　　作为一项恩惠，托尼答应帮助克莱尔，把她变得更漂亮些，也把她的家变得更雅致些。于是，克莱尔从图书馆借来了一些书让托尼阅读，应该说是让他扫视。她惊奇地看着托尼的手指翻动书页的样子，心想这太荒唐了。他只不过是一台机器罢了。 　　托尼给克莱尔做了一个新发型，还改善了她的妆容。但是，由于托尼被禁止陪同克莱尔去商店，所以他开具了一张装修房子所需材料的清单。克莱尔去市中心购买了这些东西。她按预约去美甲后，走进了一家高档时装店。女店员对她很粗鲁，于是她打电话给托尼，告诉他说自己受到了不礼貌的对待。托尼同店员交谈之后，店员立刻改变了态度。克莱尔向托尼道谢，称托尼为“亲爱的”。当她转过身来，却看到格拉迪丝·克拉芬正站在那里。被她发现了，这多么难堪啊，克莱尔心想。从她脸上的表情判断，克莱尔知道格拉迪丝认为自己出轨了。毕竟她知道克莱尔丈夫的名字是拉里，而不是托尼。虽然完全无辜，克莱尔还是感到内疚。 　　到家后，克莱尔啜泣不止。格拉迪丝是她竭力模仿的对象。托尼对克莱尔说，她这样想有点敏感，其实她像格拉迪丝一样好。托尼还建议在他离开，也就是拉里回家的前一天晚上，克莱尔邀请格拉迪丝和她的朋友们到家里来。到那个时候，托尼预计这栋正在彻底改造的房子将大功告成。 　　托尼的装修工作稳步进展。克莱尔试图帮忙安装天花板上的吊灯，但从梯子上摔了下来。尽管托尼当时在隔壁房间，但他还是及时接住了她。托尼抱着她的时候，她感受到了他身体的热度。她尖叫了一声，一把推开他，然后跑回了自己的房间。 　　聚会之夜到了。时钟敲响了八点整，客人们很快就要到了，克莱尔让托尼结束了当晚的工作，说当夜不再需要他了。就在那一瞬间，托尼将她揽入怀中，慢慢地贴近她的脸庞。克莱尔听着托尼宣布说他次日并不想离开她，而且他心里的愿望不只是让她开心而已。就在这时，前门的门铃响了。 第一步：析架构理清脉络 1.Skim the passage and fill in the blanks. Part 1（Paras.1－2）：Larry persuaded Claire to accept the （1）　robot　 that would be tested out. Part 2（Paras.3－8）：The （2）　process　 of the robot helping Claire. Part 3（Para.9）：The（3）　result　 of Claire living with the robot. 2.What’s the main idea of this passage？ The passage is mainly about 　how a robot used for housework is tested out in a family　. 第二步：知细节明察秋毫 1.Larry brought a robot home to 　　　　.（　　） A.make his wife happy B.test out the robot C.send his wife a gift D.free his wife from work 2.Why didn’t Claire want the robot in her house？（　　） A.Because she didn’t like robots at all. B.Because she didn’t like the robot’s appearance. C.Because she was worried about being harmed by the robot. D.Because the robot looked like a real person. 3.What made Claire feel alarmed at the first sight of Tony？（　　） A.His appearance.　　　　 B.His ability. C.His facial expressions.　 D.His cleverness. 4.Which of the following is NOT Tony’s characteristic？（　　） A.Clumsy.　　 B.Handsome. C.Helpful.　　 D.Smart. 答案：1－4　BCAA 第三步：品佳句妙笔生辉 1.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences describing the appearance. 　（1）He seemed more like a human than a machine.　 　（2）He was tall and handsome with smooth hair and a deep voice， although his facial expression never changed.　 2.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences describing feelings or psychology. 　（1）Claire didn’t want the robot in her house， especially as her husband would be away on a business trip ...　 　（2）Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot ...　 　（3）How awful to be discovered by her， Claire thought.　 3.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences describing movements. 　（1）She looked at his fingers with wonder as they turned each page.　 　（2）As he held her， she felt the warmth of his body.She screamed， pushed him away，and ran to her room.　 　（3）At that moment， Tony took her in his arms， bringing his face close to hers.　 第四步：抒己见提升思维 1.Do you think it is possible for a person to love a robot？ Why？ 　No，I don’t think that a person would love a robot.Because a robot is just a machine that has no emotions and facial expressions.　 2.What do you think of the future relationship between humans and robots？ 　It seems to me that we humans will live in harmony with robots. Robots will always be our servants and make our lives better.　 第五步：辨难句拆分解读 1.Claire didn’t want the robot in her house， especially as her husband would be away on a business trip for three weeks， but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn’t harm her or allow her to be harmed. 句式分析 该句为并列复合句。but连接前后两个并列分句；as her husband would be away on a business trip for three weeks是　时间状语　从句；that引导的是　宾语　从句。 自主翻译 　克莱尔并不想家里有个机器人，尤其是在她丈夫要出差三周的时候，但是拉里劝她说机器人不会伤害她，也不会让她受到伤害。　 2.Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot，but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him. 句式分析 该句为并列复合句。but连接表示　转折　关系的并列分句；but前是一个由that引导的　宾语　从句，主句为　Claire thought　。 自主翻译 　克莱尔觉得一个机器人对她表示同情十分荒谬，但她逐渐欣赏托尼的智慧和正直，并且开始信任他。　 3.She told him how she was unhappy that her home wasn’t elegant enough for Larry，who wanted to improve his social position with a bigger salary. 句式分析 该句为复合句。She told him是　主句　；how引导的是　宾语　从句，that也引导宾语从句；who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的名词　Larry　。 自主翻译 　克莱尔告诉托尼自己多么的不开心，因为拉里觉得家里不够雅致；拉里想通过涨工资来提高自己的社会地位。　 核心词汇集释 test out 检验；测试；考验 【教材原句】　It was going to be tested out by Larry’s wife， Claire. 机器人将由拉里的妻子克莱尔进行试用。 【用法】 （1）test n.& v.　　　　　测验；试验；测试 stand the test of time　　经得起时间的考验 put sb/sth to the test　　对某人/某物进行试验 test sb on sth　　在某方面测试某人 （2）try out　　试验；试用；尝试 carry out　　贯彻；执行；实施 work out　　计算出；解决；锻炼 wear out　　穿破；耗尽；使厌烦 【佳句】　Brian won because he tried out many solutions. He did this by testing out many different designs and comparing the results. 布莱恩赢了，因为他尝试了很多解决方案。他通过测试许多不同的设计并比较结果来做到这一点。 【练透】　语境辨义 ①He wished to test out the item before selling it.　　试验　 ②The long climb tested out our power of endurance.　　考验　 【写美】　完成句子 ③You 　won’t be tested on　 anything that you haven’t studied yet. 不会考那些你们还没有学过的东西。 ④She 　tested the whole class on　 irregular verbs. 她对全班学生进行了不规则动词的测验。 ⑤Paul soon found himself in an emergency situation that 　put all his training to the test　. 保罗很快就发现自己处于一种紧急情况下，这对他的所有训练都是一次考验。 ridiculous adj.愚蠢的；荒谬的；荒唐的 【教材原句】　Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot， but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him. 克莱尔觉得一个机器人对她表示同情十分荒谬，但她逐渐欣赏托尼的智慧和正直，并且开始信任他。 【用法】 （1）absolutely/totally ridiculous　极其荒唐的 It is ridiculous that ...　　……是荒谬的 （2）ridiculously adv.　　荒唐地；荒谬地 ridiculousness n.　　荒唐；荒谬 【佳句】　①It’s ridiculous that we have to wait for six weeks to get a visa for Italy. 我们必须等六个星期才能拿到去意大利的签证，这太荒唐了。 ②The price of the car was ridiculously high， making it unaffordable for most people. 这辆车的价格高得离谱，大多数人都买不起。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①　It　 is downright ridiculous that the library isn’t open on Mondays！ ②Hotel rooms in the city are 　ridiculously　 （ridiculous） overpriced during the festival. 【写美】　完成句子 ③　It’s ridiculous that some children talk back to　 their parents. 真是荒唐！有些小孩竟然跟父母顶嘴。 ④It’s ridiculous 　to think that sleeping with a hat on　 will give you nightmares. 认为戴着帽子睡觉会让你做噩梦是荒谬的。 dignity n.庄重；庄严；尊严 【教材原句】　He always treated her with dignity.托尼对她彬彬有礼。 【用法】 with dignity　　　　　　有尊严地；体面地 retain/lose one’s dignity　　保持/丢掉某人的尊严 【佳句】　He longs for a society in which the dignity of all people is recognised. 他渴望一个所有人的尊严都得到承认的社会。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①As a woman of dignity， she accepted the criticism 　with　 dignity. 【写美】　完成句子 ②Only when you have achieved financial independence 　will you have human dignity　. 只有当你实现了经济独立，你才会有做人的尊严。 appointment n.预约；约会；委任 【教材原句】　She had an appointment to paint her nails， then she went into an expensive clothes shop. 她按预约去美甲后，走进了一家高档时装店。 【用法】 （1）make/have an appointment with sb　 和某人有约 keep an/the/one’s appointment　　赴约；守约 break an/the appointment　　失约 （2）appoint v.　　 　　　任命；委派；安排；约定 appoint sb （as/to be）...　　任命某人（为）…… appoint sb to do sth　　指派某人去做某事 【佳句】　I apologise from the bottom of my heart for breaking this appointment.　（道歉信） 对于这次失约，我发自内心地道歉。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①The reason why I break the 　appointment　 （appoint） is that my parents hope I can visit my grandparents with them this weekend. ②At the 　appointed　 （appoint） time， Mr Smith will be invited to attend the contest， and award the first eight winners. 【写美】　完成句子 ③　Learning that you are appointed as/to be　 the chairman of the organization，I am writing to congratulate you.　（祝贺信） 得知你被任命为这个组织的主席，我写信祝贺你。 guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的；有过失的 【教材原句】　Although it was completely innocent， Claire felt guilty. 虽然完全无辜，克莱尔还是感到内疚。 【用法】 （1）be guilty of　　　犯有……罪 be/feel guilty about/for/at　　对/为……感到内疚/有愧 （2）guilt n.　　内疚；悔恨；犯罪；罪行 a feeling/sense of guilt　　内疚感 【佳句】　The salesman was guilty about/for/at making such a stupid mistake and tears of guilt welled up in his eyes.售货员对犯如此愚蠢的错误感到内疚，眼中涌出内疚的泪水。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①She had a sense 　of　 guilt about leaving her children and going to work. ②Deeply ashamed and 　guilty　 （guilt）， Ray apologised to Richard sincerely，“Terribly sorry for having hurt you at school.”　（读后续写之情绪描写） 【写美】　完成句子 ③　Out of guilt　， I explained to my teacher and promised this would never happen again. 出于愧疚，我向我的老师解释，并保证这种事情不会再发生。 dismiss vt.让（某人）离开；解散；解雇；消除 【教材原句】　The guests would be arriving soon， so Claire dismissed Tony for the rest of the night. 客人们很快就要到了，克莱尔让托尼结束了当晚的工作，说当夜不再需要他了。 【用法】 dismiss/fire sb for ...　因……而解雇/开除某人 dismiss sb （one’s job）　　解雇/开除某人 dismiss sb from one’s post/position　　免去某人的职务 【佳句】　①Just dismiss those thoughts from your mind — they’re crazy and not worth thinking about. 把那些想法从你的脑海中删除吧——它们太疯狂了，不值得去想。 ②The manager had no choice but to dismiss the employee for consistently missing deadlines. 经理别无选择，只能解雇这个员工，因为他（工作）总是赶不上最后期限。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①The servant was dismissed 　for　 being lazy and dishonest. ②She claimed she was unfairly dismissed 　from　 her post. 【写美】　完成句子 ③The coach 　had to dismiss the team early　 because the weather conditions were too dangerous to continue practicing. 教练不得不提早解散球队，因为天气太恶劣，无法继续训练。 ④The teacher 　dismissed the class early　 because she had a meeting. 老师提早下课了，因为她要开会。 declare vt.表明；宣称；公布 【教材原句】　She heard him declare that he did not want to leave her the next day， and that he felt more than just the desire to please her. 她听着他宣布说他次日并不想离开她，而且他心里的愿望不只是让她开心而已。 【用法】 declare sb/sth to be　　宣布某人/某事是…… declare for/against ...　　赞成/反对…… declare war （on ...）　　（向……）宣战 declare sth open/closed　　宣布……开始/结束 declare that ...　　声称/宣布…… 【佳句】　After considering all the pros and cons， I declared for the decision，and thus，I declared that we would organise the fruit-picking activity. 在考虑完所有利弊之后，我赞成这个决定，因此，我宣布我们将组织这次水果采摘活动。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①When they asked him for his opinion， he declared strongly 　against　 the policy， which made them unhappy. ②It was the year when Britain declared war 　on　 Germany. ③Our school declared the girl 　to be　 （be） head of our department. 【写美】　完成句子 ④She 　declared that it was the best chocolate cake　 she had ever tasted. 她声称那是她吃过的最好的巧克力蛋糕。 重点句型解构 句型公式：more ...than ...与其说……不如说…… 【教材原句】　He seemed more like a human than a machine. 他看着不太像机器，而更像一个真人。 【用法】 （1）more＋形容词/副词/名词＋than　与其说……，倒不如说…… （2）more than＋数词　　超过，不止 more than＋名词　　不只是，不仅仅是 more than＋形容词/副词 非常，很 （3）not more than＋数词　　不多于；不超过；少于 【品悟】　It was at that instant that I was filled with love from my daughter and realised that she seemed more like an adult to some extent than a girl aged 10. 就在那一刻，我被来自女儿的爱所包围，我意识到在某种程度上她似乎更像一个成年人而不是一个十岁的小姑娘。 【写美】　完成句子 ①I made such great progress in English that my teacher praised me， saying that I 　was more diligent than clever　. 我在英语上取得了如此大的进步，以至于我的老师表扬了我，说我与其说是聪明，不如说是勤奋。 ②The person I respect most is my English teacher，who is 　more than willing to help us　 with English studies. He is 　more than our teacher　 and he is also our close friend. 我最尊敬的人是我的英语老师，他非常乐意帮助我们学习英语。他不仅仅是我们的老师，他还是我们的亲密朋友。 句型公式：It＋be＋形容词＋that从句 【教材原句】　 Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot，but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him. 克莱尔觉得一个机器人对她表示同情十分荒谬，但她逐渐欣赏托尼的智慧和正直，并且开始信任他。 【用法】 “It＋be＋形容词＋that从句”是固定句式，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。it作形式主语的常用句式还有： （1）It＋be＋过去分词（said、 thought、 hoped、 believed、 reported ...）＋that从句； （2）It＋不及物动词（seem、occur、happen）＋that从句。 【写美】　完成句子 ①　It is obvious that　 he has an urge to take over the company. 显然他有强烈的欲望接管这家公司。 ②　It occurred to the twins that　 they could cook a delicious Mother’s Day breakfast for their beloved mother. 双胞胎突然想起他们可以为亲爱的妈妈做一顿美味的母亲节早餐。 句型公式：完全倒装 【教材原句】　As she turned around， there stood Gladys Claffern. 当她转过身来，却看到格拉迪丝·克拉芬正站在那里。 【用法】 本句中there stood Gladys Claffern为完全倒装。使用完全倒装的几种情况如下： （1）将here、 there、 now、 then、 in、 out、 off、 away等表示地点或时间的副词或介词短语置于句首，谓语动词是be、 come、 go、 remain、 lie、 run等，且主语为名词时用完全倒装； （2）主系表结构中，作表语的形容词、分词置于句首时用完全倒装； （3）such作表语置于句首时用完全倒装。 【品悟】　With a loud sound the door slowly opened， and there stood José Manuel’s grandma wearing a frown.　（读后续写之动作描写） 随着一声巨响，门慢慢地打开了，约瑟·曼纽尔的奶奶皱着眉头站在那里。 【点津】　在完全倒装中，谓语动词的数要与后面主语的数一致。完全倒装的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不用倒装。 【写美】　完成句子 ①Inside the nurses’ station， 　there stood a group of nurses　 with tears of joy in their eyes. 在护士站里，站着一群眼里满含喜悦泪水的护士。 ②　Here are some suggestions on how to create　 a green and harmonious environment. 这儿是一些关于如何创造一个绿色和谐的环境的建议。 ③　Under a big tree sat disappointed David　， who unwillingly quit the cross-country run and tears of sadness streamed down his cheeks without control. 一棵大树下坐着失望的大卫，他不情愿地放弃了越野赛，悲伤的泪水顺着他的脸颊止不住地流淌。 维度一：品句填词 1.I find it 　ridiculous　 （荒唐的） that some people still believe the Earth is flat. 2.If you don’t concentrate more on your work， you’ll be 　dismissed　 （解雇）. 3.It’s difficult to preserve your 　dignity　 （尊严） when you have no job and no home. 4.They want a house， 　whereas/while　 （然而） we would rather live in a flat. 5.The book is a work of fiction　 and not intended as a historical account. 6.As the saying goes，“Books are the ladders　 of human progress.” 7.He would not accept this job for such a small salary　 because he had to support a big family. 维度二：单句语法填空 1.It 　is declared　 （declare） that scientists are working on a new way to cure the disease. 2.His 　guilty　 （guilt） expression confirmed my suspicions. 3.I am indeed very sorry that I missed my hairdressing 　appointment　 （appoint） with you this Wednesday. 4.Walking in the fields on a March afternoon，the saleswoman felt the 　warmth　 （warm） of spring. 5.Small earthquakes are so common here that people don’t feel very 　alarmed　 （alarm） at them. 6.The research group produced two reports 　based　 （base） on the survey， but neither contained any useful suggestions. 7.An activity will be held in honour of Qu Yuan， who was a 　distinguished　 （distinguish） poet in Chinese history. 维度三：固定搭配和句式 1.　Here comes a good chance　 that you can use your summer vacation to go on study tours.（完全倒装） 现在有一个好机会，你可以利用暑假参加游学活动。 2.It was 　more her hard work than her cleverness　 that led to her success.（more ...than ...） 促使她成功的原因，与其说是她的聪明，倒不如说是她的勤奋。 3.This 　makes your notes easier to read　 when you look at them later.（make复合结构） 这样能使你以后再看笔记时更容易辨认些。 4.If you fail 　to keep the appointment with　 the dentist， you’ll have to pay for it. 如果你不赴牙医之约，你就得付钱。 5.　It is ridiculous that　 they are short of water in a country where it is always raining. 在一个总是下雨的国家，他们还缺水，这真是荒唐。 维度四：课文语法填空 　　The company for which Larry worked was to have a newly-made robot 1.　called　 （call） Tony， which was going to be tested out by Larry’s wife Claire at home.At the first sight of Tony， Claire felt 2.　alarmed　 （alarm）.She thought 3.　it　 was ridiculous that a robot should look so much like a human，4.　with　 his smooth hair and a deep voice although his facial expression never changed.On the second morning，Tony wanted to help her to dress，which made Claire 5.　embarrassed　 （embarrass） and she refused him.But later she was glad that Tony could make her home 6.　elegant　 （elegance）， give her a new hairstyle and improve her makeup.To decorate her home， Tony could also write out a list of 7.　items　 （item） for her to buy.And finally， Tony helped Claire to finish all the work.Tony suggested Claire that she 8.　（should） invite　 （invite） Gladys and her friends to the house the night before he was 9.　to leave　 （leave） and Larry was to return.10.　What　 made us unbelievable was that Tony didn’t want to leave Claire in the end！ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A （2024·合肥高二下质检）Way back in the early 1940s — long before smart phones， Siri and semi-autonomous weapons — the late great sci-fi writer Isaac Asimov drew up a set of principles for the development of advanced robotic systems. 　　Asimov was essentially an optimist， and his famous Three Laws of Robotics have influence in science and technology circles to this day. 　　（1）A robot may not injure a human being or， through inaction， allow a human being to come to harm.（2）A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law. （3）A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law. 　　Now， almost 80 years later， legal academic and artificial intelligence expert Frank Pasquale has added four additional principles. Professor Pasquale says while Asimov’s ideas were well founded， they assumed a certain technological trajectory （轨迹） that no longer holds — innovations are not always for the good of humanity. 　　“Whereas Asimov is talking about how we have robots help people and not harm them， I’m talking about how we guide the direction of technology，” he says. And he draws an important distinction between AI and what he terms IA — intelligence augmentation （增强）. 　　“The artificial intelligence goal is often to replace human beings， to create， for example， a robot doctor or a robot teacher. The intelligence augmentation goal is to help human beings.” 　　“If we go for an artificial intelligence vision of replacement， that’s going to create a jobless future in many areas，” he says. “Whereas if we emphasise intelligence augmentation， that should actually increase both productivity and the value of labour.” 　　“We’ve seen so many fields where technological advances have led to very troubling and harmful consequences like global warming. We’ve got to get ahead of these things，” he says. “We can’t just look at something like global warming and say， well， we’ll just get a technological fix out of it. We have to think very deeply about directing innovation.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。20世纪40年代，美国著名科幻小说作家Isaac Asimov提出了著名的“机器人三定律”。时至今天，人工智能专家Frank Pasquale认为，要约束机器人仅仅依靠这三条定律是不够的。 1.What can we learn about Isaac Asimov’s Three Laws of Robotics？（　　） A.They ignore robots’ interests. B.They focus on humans’ interests. C.They predict the development of AI. D.They have a history of nearly 70 years. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，Isaac Asimov提出的“机器人三定律”重点强调保护人的安全和利益，不过它们也没有忽略机器人存在的权利。 2.Which of the following beliefs did Isaac Asimov agree with？（　　） A.IA is more important than AI. B.Innovations do good to people. C.Robots will replace human beings. D.Technology can be harmful to people. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第四段可知，人工智能专家Frank Pasquale认为，虽然Isaac Asimov的想法有充分根据，但它们假设了某种不再成立的技术发展轨迹——（如今）创新并不总是对人类有利。这说明Isaac Asimov认为创新是对人类有利的。 3.What is the core of intelligence augmentation？（　　） A.The development of robots. B.Humans’ depending on robots. C.The improvement of humans. D.Robots’ replacing human beings. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据第五至七段可知，AI强调的是人工智能的快速发展从而取代人类，而IA强调的是：在机器的帮助下，让人变得更强大、生产效率和劳动价值都得到提高。 4.What attitude does Frank Pasquale take to technological advances？（　　） A.Negative and worried. B.Doubtful and confused. C.Optimistic and confident. D.Reasonable and cautious. 解析：D　观点态度题。根据最后一段可知，Frank Pasquale认为，技术进步已经给人类带来一些非常令人不安和有害的后果，我们必须走在技术进步的前面。也就是说我们要预见一些可能的不良后果并引导科学技术朝良性发展。由此可知，Frank Pasquale并没有反对技术进步，只是提醒我们对技术进步保持理性和谨慎的态度。 B （2024·烟台高二下月考）The question of whether or not we are alone in the galaxy is one that has interested everyone.From Superman to ET， films have brought aliens to the Earth as friends or enemies but， as yet， no one has proved they have ever seen an alien apart from on film or TV. 　　In 1960， a radio telescope was pointed out into space to listen for signs of aliens， trying to add scientific fact to the question：“Is anybody out there？” But 50 years on， nobody knows the answer to it. 　　“It’s probably the most important question there is，” says Dr Frank Drake， who was a pioneer of radio astronomy.“What does it mean to be a human being？ What is our future？ Are there other creatures like us？ What have they become？ What can evolution produce？ How far can it go？ It will all come out of learning of aliens and this will certainly enrich our lives like nothing else could.” 　　“We should be prepared for aliens，” says professor of space science John Zarnecki， from the Open University.Stephen Hawking says aliens almost certainly exist and senior astronomer Seth Shostak denies the possibility that there’s nothing to search for. 　　But if there are aliens， then the question is：“Why haven’t we got any firm evidence of their existence？” This was a question asked by the physicist Enrico Fermi as far back as 1950， saying “Where is everybody？” 　　But Dr Drake has a more simple answer to why life hasn’t been found：“We just haven’t tried enough，” he says.“We’ve looked carefully at only a few thousand stars and very few channels and that’s hardly even a start.There may be around 10，000 civilisations we can discover in the galaxy.That’s one in 10，000，000 stars.Before we have a good chance of succeeding， we still have a long way to go.” 阅读理解：本文是一篇说明文。地球以外是否有外星人？这是一个大家都非常感兴趣的问题。尽管人类至今还没有发现外星人，但是很多科学家都相信外星人的存在。 5.What are the stories of Superman and ET？（　　） A.Real events.　　 B.Artists’ imagination. C.Personal experiences.　　 D.Scientists’ discoveries. 解析：B　推理判断题。根据第一段可知，人们除了在电影和电视里看到外星人以外，没有任何人能证明见到过外星人。由此判断，电影Superman和ET中的外星人建立在艺术家的想象基础之上。 6.Dr Frank Drake asks some questions in Paragraph 3 to 　　　　.（　　） A.prove the existence of aliens B.doubt the existence of aliens C.express his interest in human beings’ future D.show the importance of understanding aliens 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，Frank Drake博士提出很多问题，都是为最后一句话作铺垫。那就是证明这一切（问题）都是源于对外星人的了解并且这一问题将极大地丰富人类的生活。 7.Who doesn’t believe the existence of aliens？（　　） A.Enrico Fermi.　　 B.Dr Frank Drake. C.John Zarnecki.　　 D.Stephen Hawking. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第五段可知，物理学家Enrico Fermi不相信外星人的存在。根据上文可知，其他三人都相信外星人的存在。 8.Why haven’t we found aliens according to Dr Frank Drake？（　　） A.They are too far away from us. B.We haven’t made enough efforts. C.They have never been to the Earth. D.Our science isn’t developed enough. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据最后一段可知，Frank Drake博士认为，人类尚未发现外星人，是因为我们为之付出的努力还不够。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 　　（2024·浙江四校高二下联考）Personal profiles are an excellent way to express information into a simple format.Here are some basic steps that you’ll want to follow. 　　Share positive things， but not excessive.Everyone has problems， but no one wants to read a bunch of negative soul-searching.Don’t complain， or endlessly describe your health problems， relationship dramas， kid problems， etc.9.（　　） 　　Take pride in who you are and what you are all about.It isn’t helpful to criticize yourself.It makes people uncomfortable and it’s annoying to feel that you have to build up another person’s value constantly.10.（　　） No one can get close to you.The girl who says she is fat and shy relentlessly will turn people away. 　　11.（　　） There are groups who believe that their jobs are to convert the world to their ways of thinking.Although it may seem urgent， the personal profile is not the venue to boast.It will not promote your message in a healthy way. 　　Don’t advertise or sell.12.（　　） The personal profile is about you and should not be used to make money.The sites you use may put ads on， but that is how they generate funds to keep the sites free. 　　13.（　　） This is your own little message to the world.If you use other people’s tips to make a profile， everyone can enjoy the benefits. A.Write in outline format. B.Don’t say it in a long sentence. C.It’s important to seek help before writing. D.Don’t use your profile as a place to show off. E.Self-criticism is really a form of control over others. F.If you need customers， use a known business network. G.People who do this have warning signs on their profiles. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。个人简介是用简单的格式表达信息的一种极好的方式。文章主要介绍了一些写个人资料要遵循的基本步骤。 9.G　上文提到了不要抱怨或没完没了地描述你的健康问题、感情困扰、孩子问题等。设空处为本段最后一句，应承接上文说明原因，故G项符合语境。 10.E　本段的中心思想是不要自我批评。下文提到没人能接近你，说明自我批评可能导致他人无法靠近，是一种控制他人的形式。故E项符合语境，E项中的Self-criticism对应上文中的criticize yourself。 11.D　本段的中心思想是不要把个人资料作为自我夸耀的方式。故D项符合语境，D项中的show off对应下文中的boast。 12.F　本段第一句的建议是不要把个人资料拿来做广告或销售，可推测本句应该说明获得商业客户的正确做法，故F项符合语境。 13.C　根据下文可知，本段的建议是在写个人资料前寻求帮助。故C项（在写之前寻求帮助是很重要的）符合语境。 Ⅲ.完形填空 　　（2024·太原高二下期末）Cassandra Warren was in a rush and feeling a little anxious with work and planning her 200-person wedding.As she was getting 　14　 for her wedding in the mail one day last year， she 　15　 addressed one to her aunt and uncle in Eugene， Oregon， about 20 minutes from where she lived. 　　A week later， the invitation 　16　.She had written down the wrong address. 　　A handwritten 　17　 was on the return envelope：“I wish I 　18　 you.Congratulations — go have dinner on me.I’ve been married for 40 years — it gets better with age.” A 20 bill was 　19　 inside. 　　Cassandra， 26， and Jesse， 24， had no 　20　 who the mystery note writer is. 　　Cassandra and Jesse went out to dinner the following night with a friend who was going overseas with the military.They 　21　 put the 20 towards their bill. 　　Then Cassandra stopped by a store and 　22　 another card — a thank-you card.She 　23　 her aunt and uncle’s incorrect address on the envelope again — this time 　24　 — and addressed it to “Kind 　25　”. 　　Inside， she wrote，“Thank you for the note and taking the time to 　26　 it.Not many people would have done that.It was a big 　27　 after the day I was having.I am 　28　 for people like you still being in the world.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。Cassandra Warren不小心将自己的一封婚礼请柬写错了地址，却带来了意外的收获。 14.A.presents　　　　　 B.flowers C.clothes　　 D.invitations 解析：D　根据下文可知，Cassandra Warren收到了返回的请柬。 15.A.carefully　　 B.patiently C.anxiously　　 D.hurriedly 解析：D　根据下文可知，Cassandra Warren写错了地址。由此可知，她当时很匆忙。 16.A.came back　　 B.turned up C.took off　　 D.set down 解析：A　根据下文可知，Cassandra Warren写错了地址，因此请柬应该是被退回。 17.A.note　　 B.letter C.bill　　 D.card 解析：A　根据下文who the mystery note writer is可知，Cassandra Warren收到的是便条。 18.A.loved　　 B.heard C.knew　　 D.missed 解析：C　由于她把地址写错了，收到请柬的应是陌生人，因此这个陌生人会说但愿我认识你。 19.A.paid　　 B.lost C.included　　 D.appeared 解析：C　这里说明信封里面还包含一张20美元的钞票。 20.A.concept　　 B.idea C.doubt　　 D.evidence 解析：B　这里表示这对夫妇不知道这封信是谁写的。have no idea意为“丝毫不知道”。 21.A.easily　　 B.naturally C.happily　　 D.gradually 解析：C　Cassandra和Jesse用意外收到的20美元美餐了一顿，自然是非常开心的。 22.A.bought　　 B.borrowed C.requested　　 D.obtained 解析：A　Cassandra进了一家商店，应该是去买一张贺卡。 23.A.forgot　　 B.told C.gave　　 D.wrote 解析：D　根据下文的incorrect address on the envelope可知，这里Cassandra应该是写下地址。 24.A.in turn　　 B.at once C.on purpose　　 D.by accident 解析：C　Cassandra第一次是不小心写错了地址，而这次则是故意写错地址。 25.A.Man　　 B.Woman C.Teacher　　 D.Stranger 解析：D　由于Cassandra不认识对方，因此她应该称呼好心的陌生人。 26.A.send　　 B.remember C.answer　　 D.receive 解析：A　Cassandra这里应该是感谢对方花时间和金钱寄给她便笺。 27.A.favour　　 B.honour C.reward　　 D.blessing 解析：D　对Cassandra来说，收到便笺是一件幸福的事。 28.A.curious　　 B.surprised C.thankful　　 D.confident 解析：C　Cassandra认为对方是世上少见的好心人，自然是对其非常感激。 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $