Unit 6 Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas-【优学精讲】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册教用Word(外研版)

本讲义围绕伦敦高温天气主题的阅读文本，系统梳理阅读理解策略（架构分析、细节理解）、核心词汇（如pick up, make it）、重点句型（now that引导原因状语从句）及语法点（动词-ing短语作状语/定语），构建从文本解读到语言要素学习的完整学习支架。 该资料以真实情境阅读为载体，通过“析架构-知细节-品语言-拓思维-析难句”五步设计，提升学生语言能力，如通过热天气描述训练细节理解与主旨归纳。拓思维问题引导探讨极端天气与气候变化，培养思维品质，分层练习（语境辨义、写美句子）助力学习能力提升，课中辅助教师高效授课，课后帮助学生巩固知识、查漏补缺。

Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas Hot！ Hot！ Hot！ 　　[1]Picking up① a free newspaper at the Tube② station， I see the title “Hot！Hot！Hot！”.Today， the temperature in London is expected to③ reach 30 plus④ degrees！The average high temperature in July is only 22 degrees， so over 30 is not usual for London.It’s going to be awful on the Central Line， with no air conditioning.Why did they have to invent the Tube before air conditioning？ It’s just typical⑤ that my journey is on one of the oldest lines， as well as⑥ one of the deepest.It’s the hottest on the whole Tube system. 　　[1]动词-ing短语作时间状语。 　　Sure enough， [2] going down the stairs and onto the platform is like jumping into a volcano [3]that’s erupting⑦.This， however， is nothing compared to⑧ the train.Because there’s no air conditioning， the temperature inside the train can reach 35 degrees！It’s lovely at the beach， but not so when you’re wearing a suit and in a crowd of passengers！I’m sure the passenger next to⑨ me and I are melting and becoming one！I had bacon and eggs for breakfast， and now I’m feeling a bit sick⑩ — I hope I can make it⑪ to Bank station ...I’ll avoid the feeling by thinking about work.I work in a tall， glass building.One very hot summer， the sun reflected⑫ off it and melted⑬ cars [4] parked below！ Will this happen again today？ 　　[2]动词-ing短语作主语。 　　[3]that’s erupting是定语从句，修饰先行词volcano。 　　[4]过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰cars。 　　Yes， each summer in London definitely⑭ seems hotter than the last.I suddenly feel a bit scared⑮.Perhaps now is the time to start planning⑯ for the future？ I should probably put my flat on the market⑰ and buy a boat.That way， when the Thames rises⑱ and there is a flood in London， I’ll still be able to⑲ get to work.But wait！Would I still have a workplace⑳ to go to？My office is only on the third floor of the building， so quite low.I’ll speak with my manager about moving to the top floor.Most importantly㉑， I will need to learn to swim！I’ll join㉒ a beginner’s swimming class immediately㉓.Then I’ll be able to survive㉔ even when the tall buildings are flooded. 　　[5]Looking through㉕ my newspaper， I’m shocked by㉖ photos [6]showing that a typhoon㉗ in Asia has destroyed㉘ a town.What’s more㉙， heavy rain in Eastern Europe has caused landslides㉚， and the heat across Southern Europe㉛ has caused forest fires.Experts say this bad weather has occurred㉜ due to㉝ climate change.News like this [7]makes me feel nervous.[8]Now that it’s hard to avoid a disaster on Earth， perhaps I should start thinking about㉞ moving to space ... 　　[5]动词-ing短语作时间状语。 　　[6]动词-ing形式作后置定语，that引导宾语从句。 　　[7]此处为“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。make为使役动词，宾语为me，宾语补足语为省略to的动词不定式feel nervous。 　　[8]Now that 引导原因状语从句；it作形式主语，真正的主语为动词不定式短语to avoid a disaster on Earth。 　　[9]“The next station is Bank！” comes the announcement㉟.That’s my destination㊱.Stepping out of㊲ the station with㊳ a heavy heart， I suddenly feel a fresh wind on my face.Well， maybe I have been worrying too much.After all㊴， it’s only 30 degrees outside！ 　　[9]本句为完全倒装句。正常语序为The announcement comes “The next station is Bank！”。 【读文清障】 ①pick up拿起；捡起；获得；收拾；（汽车、飞机）搭载；不费力地学会 ②the Tube （伦敦的）地下铁道，地铁 ③be expected to有望……；被期待…… ④plus adj.（用于数字后面表示）多，余 ⑤typical adj.典型的；特有的；象征性的 ⑥as well as也；和（用来连接两个并列成分） ⑦erupt v.（火山）爆发，喷发 ⑧compared to与……相比 ⑨next to 紧挨着，在……旁边；仅次于 ⑩sick adj.恶心的；生病的；不舒服 ⑪make it 准时抵达；达到预定目标；走完路程 ⑫reflect v.反射；照出；反映；显示；反省 ⑬melt v.（使）熔化，融化 ⑭definitely adv.确实 ⑮scared adj.害怕的 ⑯start planning＝start to plan 开始计划 ⑰put my flat on the market 把我的房子投放到市场 ⑱rise v.上升；起立；增加 ⑲be able to有能力…… ⑳workplace n.工作场所 ㉑most importantly最重要的是 ㉒join v.加入；参加；汇入 ㉓immediately adv.即刻，马上 ㉔survive v.活下来，幸存；从……中逃生 ㉕look through浏览；翻阅 ㉖be shocked by 被……震惊 ㉗typhoon n.台风 ㉘destroy v.破坏，损坏 ㉙what’s more而且，更重要的是 ㉚landslide n.山崩，滑坡 ㉛across Southern Europe整个南欧 ㉜occur v.发生（过去式和过去分词都是occurred） ㉝due to由于 ㉞think about考虑 ㉟announcement n.通告，公告 ㊱destination n.目的地 ㊲step out of走出 ㊳with prep.带着，带有 ㊴after all毕竟，终究 【参考译文】 热！热！热！ 　　在地铁站拿起一份免费报纸，我看到一个标题写着“热！热！热！”。今天，伦敦的温度预计将达到30多度！7月的平均最高温度只有22度，所以超过30度对于伦敦来说太不寻常了。地铁中央线没有空调系统，情况会很糟糕。为什么地铁要在空调系统之前发明出来？我通常上班所走的路线刚好是地铁里最老、最深的一条线。那也是整个地铁系统里最热的一条线。 　　果不其然，走下楼梯，来到站台上就像是跳进一座正在喷发的火山。不过这还远远比不上车厢里面。因为没有空调，车厢内的温度能达到35度！这样的温度在海滩上会很舒服，但是当你穿着西装挤在一群乘客中，可就没那么舒服了。我敢肯定邻座的乘客和我都正在熔化，我们要融为一体了！我早餐吃了培根和鸡蛋，现在感觉有点恶心——希望我能撑到银行站……我还是想想工作的事来逃避这种感觉吧。我在一座高高的玻璃建筑里上班。有一年夏天非常热，大楼表面反射的阳光竟然熔化了停在楼下的车！今天这种事会重演吗？ 　　没错，好像伦敦的夏天一年比一年热。我突然觉得有点儿害怕。也许是时候该为将来打算了？我或许应该把房子在市场上卖掉，然后买一艘船。这样等泰晤士河的水涨起来，伦敦被洪水淹没的时候，我依然能去上班。不过等等！到那时候我还有地方工作吗？我的办公室就在四楼，太低了。我得去跟经理请求搬到顶楼去。最重要的是，我得学会游泳！我得马上报个游泳入门班。这样就算高楼大厦都被洪水淹没了，我也能活下来。 　　我翻阅着手里的报纸，震惊地看到亚洲的台风摧毁了一个城镇的照片。还有，东欧的暴雨造成了山体滑坡，席卷南欧的热浪引发了森林火灾。专家说这些恶劣天气是由气候变化导致的。这样的新闻让我感到紧张。既然在地球上难逃一劫，或许我应该开始考虑移民太空了…… 　　“下一站，银行站！”报站声响起。我要到站了。我心情沉重地走出地铁站，突然感觉到一阵清风扑面而来。罢了罢了，也许是我担心得太多了。毕竟，外面只有30度！ 第一步：析架构理清脉络 第二步：知细节明察秋毫 1.Which of the following doesn’t belong to the author’s preparations for the future？（　　） A.Moving the flat to another city. B.Buying a boat. C.Moving the office to the top floor. D.Learning to swim. 2.What does the author feel about the heat？（　　） A.Excited.　　　　　 B.Angry. C.Worried.　 D.Happy. 3.What do we infer in London？（　　） A.There isn’t any air conditioning at all. B.The high temperature ever happened. C.The temperature is less than 30 degrees in London. D.There is high temperature at the Tube station. 4.What will the author intend to do？（　　） A.He wants to buy a high flat and a boat. B.He suggests moving his office. C.He won’t worry a lot in the future. D.He plans to move to space. 5.What does the passage mainly talk about？（　　） A.Journey in London. B.The Tube system in London. C.Crowded situation. D.The extreme weather conditions. 答案：1－5　ACDCD 第三步：品语言妙笔生辉 1.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences that describe the mood. 　（1）I suddenly feel a bit scared.　 　（2）I’m shocked by photos showing that a hurricane in Asia has destroyed a town.　 　（3）News like this makes me feel nervous.　 　（4）Stepping out of the station with a heavy heart， I suddenly feel a fresh wind on my face.　 　（5）Well， maybe I have been worrying too much.　 2.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences that use rhetorical devices （修辞手法）. 　（1）Sure enough， going down the stairs and onto the platform is like jumping into a volcano that’s erupting.（simile）　 　（2）I’m sure the passenger next to me and I are melting and becoming one！ （hyperbole）　 3.Read the passage carefully and find the sentence that describes the environment. 　Because there’s no air conditioning， the temperature inside the train can reach 35 degrees！　 第四步：拓思维品质提升 1.Do you share the author’s concerns about extreme weather conditions？Why？ 　I agree with the author.Because climate in the world is closely related to our living environment.　 2.Do you think climate change will affect your life in the future？What should you do to deal with climate change？ 　I think climate change will affect my life in the future.I should do what I can to protect environment to slow down climate change.　 第五步：析难句表达升级 1.Sure enough， going down the stairs and onto the platform is like jumping into a volcano that’s erupting. 句式分析 本句为主从复合句。动词-ing短语going down the stairs and onto the platform在主句中作　主语　，介词短语like jumping into a volcano作　表语　；that’s erupting为that引导的　定语　从句，修饰先行词　volcano　。 自主翻译 　果不其然，走下楼梯，来到站台上就像是跳进一座正在喷发的火山。　 2.Looking through my newspaper， I’m shocked by photos showing that a typhoon in Asia has destroyed a town. 句式分析 本句为主从复合句。主句中动词-ing短语Looking through my newspaper在句中作　时间状语　；showing that a typhoon in Asia has destroyed a town为动词-ing短语作　后置定语　，that a typhoon in Asia has destroyed a town为that引导的　宾语　从句，作showing的　宾语　。 自主翻译 　我翻阅着手里的报纸，震惊地看到亚洲的台风摧毁了一个城镇的照片。　 3.Now that it’s hard to avoid a disaster on Earth，perhaps I should start thinking about moving to space ... 句式分析 Now that引导　原因状语　从句，it作　形式主语　，动词不定式短语to avoid a disaster on Earth作　真正的主语　；动词-ing短语thinking about moving to space作动词start的　宾语　。 自主翻译 　既然在地球上难逃一劫，或许我应该开始考虑移民太空了……　 Part Ⅰ　核心词汇集释 pick up 拿起，捡起；获得；收拾；接人；取物；学会；接收（信号或声音）；好转；买到 【教材原句】　Picking up a free newspaper at the Tube station， I see the title “Hot！Hot！Hot！”. 在地铁站拿起一份免费报纸，我看到一个标题写着“热！热！热！”。 【用法】 pick out　挑选出；了解；领会 pick on　　选中；挑选 pick off　　去除，剪除 pick up on　　领略，意会 pick and choose　　挑三拣四 【佳句】　They depend on the goodwill of visitors to pick up rubbish. 他们相信游客会自觉捡起垃圾。 【点津】　口诀记忆pick up含义 拿起捡起开车接，接收收听视野开； 好转改善又增强，学到知识也偶然； 商场买到便宜货，想必心情会很嗨。 【练透】　语境辨义 ①My friend began to pick up after staying in hospital for several days. 　好转　 ②I have to apologize to you for not picking you up from the airport. 　 接（人）　 ③It didn’t take me long to pick up the elementary knowledge of the language. 　学会　 ④We used to pick up VOA in the morning on the radio. 　接收　 【写美】　补全句子 ⑤It was the captain that 　helped me pick out the book　 about navigation. 是那位船长帮我挑的这本关于航海的书。 make it 准时到达；能够出席或到场；成功；做到；幸免于难，渡过难关；约定时间；达到预定目标；走完路程 【教材原句】　I had bacon and eggs for breakfast， and now I’m feeling a bit sick — I hope I can make it to Bank station ...我早餐吃了培根和鸡蛋，现在感觉有点恶心——希望我能撑到银行站…… 【用法】 make it to　　按时到达；能够出席或参加 make out　　弄清楚；看清；辨认出 make up　　组成；编造 make up for　　弥补 make sense of　　理解 make sense　　讲得通，有意义 【佳句】　His sculpture is so confusing that it’s difficult to make out what he is trying to express. 他的雕塑作品如此令人费解，以至于很难弄清楚他试图表达什么。 【联想】　含有it的动词短语还有 go it 加油　hit it 猜对，说中　put it 陈述 【练透】　语境辨义 ①Shall we make it six o’clock this evening to do the experiment？ 　约定时间　 ②The flight leaves in twenty minutes — we’ll never make it. 　准时到达　 ③The famous chemist didn’t make it to another spring and died that winter. 　渡过难关　 【写美】　补全句子 ④A smile lit up the twins’ faces as their efforts to make the breakfast finally 　made it　. 这对双胞胎努力做早餐终于成功了，他们笑容满面。 immediately adv.即刻，马上 conj.一……就…… 【教材原句】　I’ll join a beginner’s swimming class immediately.我得马上报个游泳入门班。 【用法】 （1）immediate adj.　　　立即的，马上的 take immediate action　　立刻采取行动 （2）表示“一……就……”的词或短语： ·immediately/directly/instantly ·the moment/the minute/the second/the instant ·as soon as/hardly ...when/no sooner ...than ...·on＋名词/动词-ing形式 【佳句】　After he came back，he gave us a vivid description of his tour to England immediately. 他回来后，立即向我们生动地描述了他的英国之行。 【练透】　用immediate的适当形式填空 ①Without 　immediate　 medical treatment， Paris would die. ②Food supplies in the flood-stricken area are running out. We must take action 　immediately　. 【写美】　句型转换 ③He picked up the book immediately he saw it. →He picked up the book 　the moment/instant/second/minute he saw it　.（“the＋名词”引导的从句） →He picked up the book 　on seeing it　.（on doing） →He picked up the book 　as soon as he saw it　.（as soon as） look through 快速查看，浏览，透过……看 【教材原句】　Looking through my newspaper， I’m shocked by photos showing that a typhoon in Asia has destroyed a town.我翻阅着手里的报纸，震惊地看到亚洲的台风摧毁了一个城镇的照片。 【用法】 look ahead （to）　向前看；展望未来 look/watch out　　小心，当心 look up　　抬头向上看；查阅 look forward to　　期待，盼望 look back on　　回顾；回忆 look on ...as ...　　把……看作…… 【佳句】　I walked out of the classroom， looking straight ahead with my head high. 我走出教室，高昂着头直视前方。（动作描写） 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①He did a good job， looking forward to 　getting　 （get） a positive comment. ②She looked 　through　 the window and found a lovely girl in the crowd. 【写美】　补全句子 ③She hugged them to her chest， and 　looked up　 with tearful eyes and a smile. 她把他们紧紧地抱在胸前，抬起头来，泪流满面地微笑着。（动作描写） occur v.发生；出现 【教材原句】　Experts say this bad weather has occurred due to climate change. 专家说这些恶劣天气是由气候变化导致的。 【用法】 （1）occur to sb　　　　　　某人突然想到；想起 It occurs to sb that .../to do ...　　某人突然想到…… （2）表示“某人突然想到……”的其他常用句型： It strikes sb that ... It hits sb that ... 【佳句】　That night a terrible storm occurred， with strong wind blowing and beating the house. 那天晚上下了一场可怕的暴风雨，狂风吹打着房子。（天气描写） 【点津】　occur的过去式和过去分词均为occurred，现在分词为occurring。occur没有被动语态，不用于进行时。occur作谓语时，主语不能是人。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①The worst tornado of all time 　occurred　 （occur） in 1925， affecting three US states. ②A good idea occurred 　to　 me that I could go downtown to buy some souvenirs. ③It never occurred to him 　to turn　 （turn） to anyone for help when he failed in doing business. 【写美】　一句多译 ④妈妈突然想起她把帐篷落在我们前一天晚上住的旅馆里了。 →　It occurred to Mother that　 she had left the tent in the hotel where we stayed the night before.（occur） →　It hit/struck Mother that　 she had left the tent in the hotel where we stayed the night before.（hit/strike） announcement n.通告，公告 【教材原句】　“The next station is Bank！” comes the announcement.“下一站，银行站！”报站声响起。 【用法】 （1）make an announcement 下通知；宣布 （2）announce vt.　　宣布；通知 It is announced that ...　　据称/据宣布…… announce to sb sth/that ...　　向某人宣布某事/…… 【佳句】　Rio could make an announcement confirming the talks with CHINALCO as early as today. 力拓最早可能会于今日发表一份声明，确认与中铝的谈判。 【点津】　announce后不跟双宾语，即不能用announce sb sth，要用announce sth to sb。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①I’m interested in the 　announcement　 （announce） of the summer camp you have posted on the Internet. ②The principal announced the news that five students were involved in that incident 　to　 the public. 【写美】　补全句子 ③　It was announced that　 only when the fire was under control would the residents be permitted to return to their homes. 据宣布，只有火势得到控制，居民才被允许返回他们的家园。 after all毕竟；终究；别忘了 【教材原句】　After all， it’s only 30 degrees outside！毕竟，外面只有30度！ 【用法】 above all　　最重要的是；尤其是 first of all　　首先 not ...at all　　根本不；一点也不 not at all　　不客气 all in all　　总而言之 in all　　总共，合计 【佳句】　After all， friends show their love in times of trouble， not in times of happiness. 毕竟，朋友是在患难的时候表达爱意而不是在幸福时。（主旨升华） 【练透】　选词填空（after all/first of all） ①First impressions are the most lasting.　After all　， you never get a second chance. ②To make members of a team perform better， the trainer 　first of all　 has to know their strengths and weaknesses. 【写美】　补全句子 ③　All in all　， no words are strong enough to convey how grateful I am. 总之，任何语言都不足以表达我的感激之情。（感谢信） Part Ⅱ　重点句型解构 句型公式：now that 引导原因状语从句 【教材原句】　Now that it’s hard to avoid a disaster on Earth， perhaps I should start thinking about moving to space ... 既然在地球上难逃一劫，或许我应该开始考虑移民太空了…… 【用法】 （1）now that引导原因状语从句，that可以省略，相当于since，意为“既然，由于”。 （2）from now on　　从现在起 up to now/until now　　到目前为止 （every） now and then　　不时，时而 just now　　刚才 right now　　现在，马上，立刻 【品悟】　Now that you have looked through the newspaper， can you tell me what is special in it？ 既然你已经浏览报纸了，你能告诉我有什么特别之处吗？ 【写美】　微写作 ①到目前为止，各种各样的体育赛事已在校体育馆举办。（活动介绍） 　Up to now/Until now　， a wide variety of sports events 　have been held　 in our school stadium. ②因为互联网越来越普及，我们的生活变得更加丰富多彩。（短文投稿） 　Now that the Internet is becoming increasingly popular　， our lives are becoming more colourful. 维度一：品句填词 1.Heat the glass 　tube　 （管子） to the point where it can bend. 2.What worries us is that many heritage sites in the countryside face the biggest threat from natural 　disasters　 （灾难）. 3.I’m sorry to hear you experienced a strong 　typhoon　 （台风） when you were attending a conference in the United States. 4.It is our goal to ensure a happy life for the 1.4 billion plus　 Chinese people. 5.The landslide　 not only affected the peaceful life of local people， but also caused traffic problems. 6.They were playing at the sea shore when the accident occurred　. 维度二：词形转换 1.The small mountain village was recently visited by a serious volcanic 　eruption　 （erupt）. 2.Contrary to common belief， taking a walk 　immediately　 （immediate） after a meal doesn’t necessarily do good to our health. 3.The plan will be carried out from 1 March to 31 December， according to an 　announcement　 （announce）. 维度三：固定搭配和句式 1.The boy burst into tears 　immediately he saw his mother　 （一见到他的妈妈）. 2.　It was announced that　 （据宣布） they would build a theme park. 3.In my opinion， you should change your mind right away.　After all　 （毕竟）， his advice sounds reasonable. 4.Peter started 　looking through　 （浏览） the mail as soon as he got home. 5.It didn’t take me long to 　pick up　 （接人） my friend at the airport the other day. 6.　Compared with/to modern communication　 （与现代通信相比）， writing letters has more advantages. 7.　Now （that） he works and can take care of himself　 （既然他工作了并且能照顾自己）， his daughter has time to study at university. 8.We should have confidence in ourselves that we can 　make it　 （成功） if we try our best. 9.He almost had to shout to 　make himself heard　 （让别人听见自己） above the music. 维度四：课文语法填空 　　Today， the temperature in London is expected 1.　to reach　 （reach） 30 plus degrees！ It’s going to be awful on the Central Line， 2.　with　 no air conditioning.Sure enough， 3.　going　 （go） down the stairs and onto the platform is like jumping into a volcano 4.　that/which　 is erupting.I’m sure the passenger next to me and I are melting and becoming one！ I’m feeling a bit sick — I hope I can make it to Bank station ... Each summer in London 5.　definitely　 （definite） seems hotter than the last.I suddenly feel a bit 6.　scared　 （scare）.Perhaps now is the time to start planning for the future？ Looking through my newspaper， I’m shocked by photos 7.　showing　 （show） that a hurricane in Asia has destroyed a town.8.　Experts　 （expert） say this bad weather has occurred due to climate change.News like this makes me feel nervous.Now that 9.　it is hard to avoid a disaster on Earth， perhaps I should start thinking about moving to space ... Well， maybe I 10.　have been worrying　 （worry） too much.After all， it’s only 30 degrees outside！ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　For the past few years， I’ve taken my vacation in the spring.One April I planned to visit a friend in Nepal who had lived in the country for over 15 years. 　　I flew into Kathmandu and spent a week visiting sites， and on Friday， 24 April 2015， we went to Lukla， a mountain town to the northeast.My friend had worked there before.We visited a nearby village on Saturday.We were served a delicious pancake and endless cups of milk tea； villagers made small talk and caught up with each other.After a couple of hours， my friend and I made a polite exit （离去） for a coffee break across the dirt path to our lodging， a house he had lived in while working in Lukla years ago. 　　As we sat in the kitchen taking a rest， I wondered why it felt like an underground was running under the village.As the sound started to shake， I looked out the window at the passers-by and thought it felt like a truck was driving by — impossible in this village.I looked at my friend and he said offhandedly： “It’s an earthquake.” Before I could ask questions， he began shouting to get out of the house.By the time I was running down the dirt path， I couldn’t run straight. 　　Away from buildings， we lowered our bodies near a low wall， and unbelievably before our eyes， walls and buildings fell.In front of us the end wall of the house we slept in collapsed， the stones dislodging （移开） and falling to the ground.In a matter of seconds， every house in the village was damaged， with walls either seriously cracked （破裂）， or partially or completely damaged. 　　In the days and weeks that followed we checked in with friends and shared stories of where we were and what we were doing.The event was so wide-reaching that it was difficult to understand except through personal stories. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在尼泊尔时遭遇地震的经历。 1.What did the author do in Nepal？（　　） A.He visited his friend. B.He tried to look for a job. C.He built a house for villagers. D.He moved to a village to enjoy life. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句和第二段第一句可知，作者在尼泊尔拜访了他的朋友，两人一起在尼泊尔游玩。 2.Which of the following can best describe the villagers？（　　） A.Shy.　　　　　　　 B.Bored. C.Friendly.　 D.Humorous. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据第二段中的We visited a nearby village ...caught up with each other.可推知，那个村子里的人都很友善、热情。 3.Which of the following best explains the underlined word “offhandedly” in Paragraph 3？（　　） A.Excitedly.　 B.Worriedly. C.Suddenly.　 D.Immediately. 解析：D　词义猜测题。根据第三段第二句以及倒数第二句可知，朋友立即意识到是地震来了。画线词所在句意为：我看着我的朋友，他立即说：“这是地震。”故可猜测画线单词offhandedly意为“立即地”。 4.What can we infer about the village in Paragraph 4？（　　） A.It was left empty. B.It was quite peaceful. C.It was badly damaged. D.It was attractive to visitors. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据第四段内容可推知，村庄在地震中严重受损。 B 　　The year 1988 will not be forgotten for a long time at Yellowstone National Park.Fires broke out in June and burned until September.The fires were not put out completely until November.They covered almost half of the huge park.What caused such huge fires？ There are several answers to this question. 　　Lodgepole pines （美国黑松） make up 80 per cent of the park’s forests.These trees grow quickly， but they only live about 200 years.Then many of the pines die and are blown down by high winds.The trees lie on the forest floor for many years.In wet forests they would rot （腐烂） and turn back into soil， but it is too dry for this to happen in Yellowstone.In 1988， dead wood covered the forest floor. 　　Yellowstone usually gets a lot of snow in the winter.When the snow melts， it provides water for the plants.For six winters in the 1980s， little snow had fallen.Rain usually falls during the summer months， but 1988 was the driest summer in 116 years. 　　Several fires started in and near the park in June.Park officials fought the fires caused by human carelessness.They didn’t try to put out the fires started by lightning.They knew that fires help clean out the dead wood.When little rain fell in June and July， the fires became larger and larger.More than 17，000 acres had burned by 21 July.Park officials decided that it was time to fight all of the big fires. 　　On 23 July， strong winds blew the fires into new areas of the park.Firefighters battled the flames， but they had little success.On 20 August， 80-mile-per-hour winds swept through the park.This day became known as Black Saturday.Fires that had almost died out came back to life.No matter how hard the firefighters tried， they couldn’t control the flames.Snow and rain began to fall in September.Then the worst of the fires were put out.The remaining fires were put out by heavy snows in November. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章简要介绍了发生在1988年的美国黄石公园森林大火。 5.How long did the fires at Yellowstone National Park last？（　　） A.About 3 months.　 B.About 4 months. C.About 5 months.　 D.About 7 months. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，这场火灾发生在1988年6月，直到11月才被彻底扑灭，持续了5个月的时间。 6.What reason for fires is mentioned in the third paragraph？（　　） A.Dead wood.　 B.Dry weather. C.Great winds.　 D.Human carelessness. 解析：B　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，本段主要强调了1988年气候干旱这一导致火灾的原因。 7.Why didn’t park officials try to put out the fires started by lightning？（　　） A.They didn’t know about the fires. B.They had no way to control them. C.They knew fires could do no harm. D.They knew fires would go out of itself. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，森林里的官员们认为大火可以帮助烧掉那些已经死掉的树木，也就是说，他们没想到大火会带来灾难。 8.Park officials decided to put out fires 　　　　.（　　） A.5 days after they broke out B.10 days after they broke out C.20 days after they broke out D.one month after they broke out 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，森林里的官员们在7月21日（也就是大火发生的一个月后）才决定灭火。 C 　　As New Zealand begins the long， costly task of clearing up after Cyclone （飓风） Gabrielle cut a disastrous path across much of the North Island on 12 and 13 February， finger pointing has started. 　　The clean-up and rebuilding may take years， and even longer in remote parts， with costs running into the billions of dollars. 　　What made the cyclone worse for New Zealand was that it followed nearly a week of heavy rain in late January that caused the worst flooding in the nation’s history. 　　Green Party leader James Shaw delivered a speech on 14 February， saying， “I struggle to find words to express what I am thinking and feeling about this particular crisis.I don’t think I’ve ever felt as sad or as angry about the lost decades that we spent arguing about whether climate change was real or not， whether it was caused by humans or not， whether it was bad or not， whether we should do something about it or not， because it is clearly here now， and if we do not act， it will get worse.” 　　Shaw’s speech highlighted the growing concern in New Zealand and across the world on the increasing effect of climate change on global weather patterns. 　　A lecturer in the University of Auckland said it was high time the country moved away from passive responses to natural disasters and adopted an active approach. 　　“In the next decades down to the end of this century， we expect that ocean temperatures will steadily climb and extreme events will become more common， serious， and long-lasting，” a marine expert said.“The actual trajectory （轨迹）， however， depends on how society will deal with the climate change challenge.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了飓风 Gabrielle 给新西兰带来的灾害及此灾害给人们的警醒。 9.What does the underlined phrase “finger pointing” in the first paragraph probably mean？（　　） A.Blame.　 B.Praise. C.Approval.　 D.Celebration. 解析：A　词义猜测题。短语的字面意思“将手指指向某人”含有“指责”之意；第四段中 James Shaw 的观点（if we do not act， it will get worse）和第六段中奥克兰的一位讲师的观点（it was high time the country moved away from passive responses to natural disasters and adopted an active approach）都表现出两人对现状的不满。故猜测finger pointing意为“指责”。 10.What made the cyclone worse for New Zealand？（　　） A.It will take a long time and cost a lot of money to clean up and rebuild. B.Heavy rain had lasted for nearly a week before the cyclone hit New Zealand. C.Some people made a lot of complaints about the cyclone. D.The cyclone caused the worst flooding in the history of New Zealand. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，飓风来临前的一场接近一周的强降雨造成了新西兰历史上最严重的洪水，这让此次飓风造成的后果更严重了。 11.What can we infer from what Shaw said in Paragraph 4？（　　） A.It was easy for Shaw to express himself about the cyclone. B.Shaw felt very sad and angry about the cyclone. C.It is necessary to argue about climate change. D.Humans should take action to deal with climate change right away. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据第四段中if we do not act， it will get worse可知， 人们是时候采取行动来应对气候变化了。 12.What would be the best title for the passage？（　　） A.Clean-up and Rebuilding After Cyclone B.Attaching Importance to Climate Change C.Cyclone Seen as Wake-up Call on Climate Change D.Increasing Ocean Temperatures Responsible for Extreme Events 解析：C　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章讲述飓风 Gabrielle 给新西兰带来的灾害以及飓风发生后，三个不同的人发表了同一主题的感慨——人们应该积极行动起来主动应对气候变化。所以C选项（飓风被视为气候变化的警钟）符合文章主旨，适合作标题。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 　　A tsunami is an extremely large wave in the sea caused by an earthquake at the sea bed.The following safety tips may help you deal with it. 　　Before the tsunami 　　Know the warning signs of a tsunami： rapidly rising or falling coastal waters， a loud noise from the ocean， or rumblings of an earthquake.“If people along the Indian Ocean coastline on 26 December 2004， were aware of these natural warnings， fewer people would have died.” says an expert.13.（　　） And you’d better map your evacuation （疏散） route. 　　During the tsunami 　　·If you’re in a tsunami area and there is an earthquake， first drop to the floor， cover your head and neck， and hold on to something stable.14.（　　） 　　·15.（　　） “Listen to the authorities， but do not wait for tsunami warnings and evacuation orders，” suggests the US site Ready.gov. 　　·People often mistake the distance they have to go to be safe.“Many people think they’ve got to go miles，” Richards says.“16.（　　）” If you’re a visitor staying in a tall concrete hotel， he adds， going above the fourth floor likely will be safer than evacuating. 　　·Stay put in a safe area until an official all-clear is given.The first wave may not be the last or the strongest and the danger can last for hours or even days. 　　After the tsunami 　　First， stay clear of damaged or flooded areas and downed power lines.Meanwhile， listen for further alerts and instructions about evacuation zones and shelters.17.（　　） Phone systems are likely to be down or busy at that time. A.But it might be just right behind Johnny’s house. B.But they can also come back as soon as possible. C.If you’re in a low-lying area， move inland as soon as possible. D.Take the warnings seriously， and strictly follow the requirements. E.Listen for official warnings， but also listen and watch for natural signs. F.Besides， you should be familiar with your government’s warning system. G.You’d better use texts and social media to communicate with loved ones. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了应对海啸的一些安全建议。 13.F　上文举例讲述了自然警告有助于降低伤害，下文讲述了画撤离路线的作用，所以空处应讲述在海啸来临之前能够采取的其他措施。F项（此外，你应该熟悉政府的预警系统）承上启下，符合语境。 14.C　上文讲述了在发生地震的海啸地区应该采取的做法。C项（如果你在低洼地区，尽快向内陆移动）符合语境，讲述在其他地方应该怎么做。 15.E　根据下文可知，听取官方警告但不要等待海啸警报和撤离命令。E项（倾听官方警告，但也要倾听和注意自然迹象）符合语境。 16.A　上文讲述了人们经常误以为自己要走很远才能到安全地带。A项（但它可能就在Johnny的房子后面）符合语境，与上文构成转折关系。 17.G　下文讲述了海啸之后电话系统可能有故障或者线路繁忙，所以空处应和通讯有关。G项（你最好使用短信和社交媒体与所爱的人交流）符合语境。 15 / 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $