Unit 4 Section Ⅲ Developing ideas-【优学精讲】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册教用Word(外研版)

本讲义围绕韩干与《照夜白图》的语篇展开，整合核心词汇（如sponsor、be fond of）、重点句型（时间状语从句省略、“the+比较级，the+比较级”）及阅读策略，形成“语篇分析—语言知识—技能应用”的学习脉络，通过课文解析、词汇句型详解、分层练习构建学习支架。 该资料亮点在于融合语言能力与文化意识，以韩干画马故事渗透中国艺术文化，设计“析架构—知细节—品语言—拓思维”步骤培养思维品质，如通过“the+比较级”句型练习提升表达，阅读理解题锻炼推断能力。课中助力教师系统授课，课后词汇表与语法填空帮助学生巩固，弥补知识盲点。

Section Ⅲ　Developing ideas Han Gan and His Horses 　　[1]What a magnificent① horse！ Even after more than a thousand years have passed， we can still feel the power within its burning eyes， bared② teeth and kicking③ hooves.Night-Shining White， [2]now kept in New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art， is regarded④ as one of the most significant⑤ horse paintings in the history of Chinese art.Its artist， Han Gan， is known for his skill in capturing⑥ not only the physical features of the animal， but also its inner spirit and strength⑦. 　　[1]本句为what引导的感叹句。 　　[2]过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰Night-Shining White。 　　[3]Born into a poor family in the early Tang Dynasty， the young Han Gan had to help support his family by working in a local wine⑧shop.His artistic talent was discovered by accident⑨ when he was sent to the poet Wang Wei’s house to collect payment for some wine.[4]While waiting at the gate， Han Gan used a stick to draw pictures in the dirt and was seen by the poet himself.Wang Wei decided to sponsor⑩ the young man to study painting and recommended⑪ him to a master.Due to Han Gan’s natural talent and years of hard work， he was eventually⑫chosen to serve Emperor⑬ Xuanzong in the royal palace. 　　[3]过去分词短语作原因状语。 　　[4]此处为时间状语从句的省略句， While和waiting之间省略了he was。 　　The Tang emperors were very fond⑭ of horses.This meant that the animal was a frequent⑮ subject for artists.At that time， the most common way to study horse painting was by copying the works of previous painters.Han Gan’s method， however， was different — he observed the animal itself.He was a frequent visitor to the royal stables⑯ and even moved in to live with the stable workers for quite some time.The horses， whether resting or on the move⑰， offered him plenty of inspiration⑱ .[5]The more time he spent observing these animals， the more his understanding of them grew. Day after day⑲， Han Gan painted the horses， his brush presenting⑳ every detail that he saw with his own eyes. 　　It is said that when the Emperor asked Han Gan to take a master of horse painting as his teacher， the artist replied， “I have my own teachers， Your Majesty㉑.All the horses in your stables are my very teachers.” 　　[6]Those who saw Han Gan’s horse paintings all sang high praises for㉒ his unique㉓ skill， saying that his horses “could gallop off the paper”. Even Su Shi， the famous poet of the Song Dynasty， expressed his admiration㉔ for Han Gan as a master of horse painting with the words， “The horses painted by Han Gan are real horses.” 　　[5]“The＋比较级，the＋比较级”结构，表示“越……，就越……”。 　　[6]who引导定语从句，修饰先行词Those；动词-ing短语saying that his horses “could gallop off the paper”作伴随状语。 【读文清障】 ①magnificent adj.宏伟的，壮丽的 ②bare v.使暴露，露出adj.裸露的 bared teeth 裸露的牙齿 ③kick v.踢 ④regard v.把……视为，看待 be regarded as ... 被认为是……，被看作…… ⑤significant adj.重要的，影响深远的 ⑥capture v.（用图画、文章、电影等准确地）表达，刻画，描述 ⑦strength n.力量；优势 ⑧wine n.葡萄酒 ⑨by accident 偶然地；意外地 ⑩sponsor v.资助 ⑪recommend v.推荐 recommend ... to sb 向某人推荐…… ⑫eventually adv.最终地 ⑬emperor n.皇帝 ⑭fond adj.喜爱的 be fond of ...喜欢…… ⑮frequent adj.经常发生的，频繁的 ⑯stable n.马厩，养马场 ⑰on the move在行进中，在移动中 ⑱inspiration n.灵感；鼓舞 ⑲day after day日复一日，一天又一天 ⑳present v.展示；呈现 ㉑majesty n.陛下 ㉒sing high praises for ... 高度赞扬/赞美…… ㉓unique adj.独一无二的 ㉔admiration n.敬佩；钦佩 【参考译文】 韩干和他的马 　　好一匹骏马！尽管已经走过千年的时光，我们还能从它炽烈的双眼、裸露的牙齿以及舞动的马蹄中感觉到力量。《照夜白图》，现收藏于纽约大都会艺术博物馆，被认为是中国艺术史上最为重要的骏马图之一。它的创作者——画家韩干以其神形兼备的画马技术闻名于世。 　　韩干出生于初唐时期的一个贫苦家庭，年少时不得不在酒肆帮工来维持家庭生计。有一次，他被派至诗人王维家收酒钱，绘画才能因机缘巧合被发现。韩干在门口等候时，他用一根木棒在地上画画，正好被王维看到。王维决定资助这位年轻人学画，并将他引荐给了一位绘画大师。韩干本来就有天赋，加之多年勤学苦练，最终被召入皇宫为唐玄宗效力。 　　唐代的皇帝十分喜爱骏马，马因此成为画家笔下的常见主题。当时，学习画马最普遍的方法是临摹前人留下的画作。但韩干却采用了不同的方法——他去观察真的马。他是皇家马厩的常客，甚至直接搬到马厩中与马夫同住了好长一段时间。无论是静止休息的马还是动态行进的马，都给韩干带来很多灵感。他观察这些动物的时间越长，他就越了解它们。韩干日复一日地练习画马，用画笔把眼睛观察到的每一处细节都呈现了出来。 　　据说，皇帝曾让他选一位画马大师为师，韩干却回答：“我有自己的老师，陛下。您马厩里所有的马都是我的老师。” 　　看过韩干的骏马图的人都对他独特的技艺赞赏有加，称他的马“跃然纸上”。就连宋朝的著名诗人苏轼都曾赞扬过韩干画马的卓越才能，他在诗中写道：“韩生画马真是马。” 第一步：析架构理清脉络 第二步：知细节明察秋毫 1.According to the passage，which is TRUE about the painting Night-Shining White？（　　） A.The painting was finished less than one thousand years ago. B.It was kept in China now. C.It only shows the painter’s skill in capturing the physical features of the animal. D.It is of great value in the history of Chinese art. 2.How was Han Gan’s artistic talent discovered？（　　） A.His parents found his talent when he was young. B.His gift was discovered by Wang Wei by chance. C.The owner of the wine shop discovered his gift. D.The Tang emperors found his talent after seeing his paintings. 3.We can infer from the second paragraph that 　　　　.（　　） A.Han Gan was talented but very lazy B.Han Gan was talented and hard-working C.the poet Wang Wei didn’t like Han Gan D.the poet Wang Wei served Emperor Xuanzong 4.From Su Shi’s comments，we can infer Han Gan’s horse paintings are 　　　　.（　　） A.abstract　　　　　　B.vivid C.beautiful　 D.expensive 5.We can infer from the passage that 　　　　.（　　） A.Wang Wei taught Han Gan how to paint horses B.Han Gan was eventually chosen to serve Emperor Xuanzong because of his hard work C.Han Gan didn’t agree with the method of studying horse painting by copying the works of previous painters D.the Emperor appointed a horse to be Han Gan’s teacher 6.What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage？（　　） A.To introduce the Metropolitan Museum of Art. B.To tell us the story behind Night-Shining White. C.To introduce the artist Han Gan and his famous horse painting. D.To introduce a special style of painting. 答案：1－6　DBBBCC 第三步：品语言妙笔生辉 Read the passage carefully and find the sentence describing the horses. 　Even after more than a thousand years have passed， we can still feel the power within its burning eyes， bared teeth and kicking hooves.　 第四步：拓思维品质提升 1.What made Han Gan a successful painter？ 　Both his talent and his hard work are the key to his success in the field of painting.　 2.Do you know any other artists famous for painting animals？ 　Xu Beihong， a Chinese painter， was good at painting horses.His work Eight Fine Horses has won great reputation at home and abroad.　 第五步：析难句表达升级 1.Night-Shining White， now kept in New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art， is regarded as one of the most significant horse paintings in the history of Chinese art. 句式分析 句中now kept in New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art为　过去分词短语　作　后置定语　，修饰Night-Shining White。 自主翻译 　《照夜白图》，现收藏于纽约大都会艺术博物馆，被认为是中国艺术史上最为重要的骏马图之一。　 2.Day after day， Han Gan painted the horses， his brush presenting every detail that he saw with his own eyes. 句式分析 本句为主从复合句。his brush presenting every detail为“名词＋动词-ing形式”构成的　独立主格　结构；that he saw with his own eyes为that引导的　定语　从句，修饰先行词　every detail　。 自主翻译 　韩干日复一日地练习画马，用画笔把眼睛观察到的每一处细节都呈现了出来。　 3.Those who saw Han Gan’s horse paintings all sang high praises for his unique skill， saying that his horses “could gallop off the paper”. 句式分析 本句为主从复合句。who saw Han Gan’s horse paintings为who引导的　定语　从句，修饰先行词　Those　；动词-ing短语saying that his horses “could gallop off the paper”作　伴随状语　，that his horses “could gallop off the paper”为that引导的　宾语　从句。 自主翻译 　看过韩干的骏马图的人都对他独特的技艺赞赏有加，称他的马“跃然纸上”。　 Part Ⅰ　核心词汇集释 sponsor v.资助，赞助；发起 n.资助者，赞助商；发起人 【教材原句】　Wang Wei decided to sponsor the young man to study painting and recommended him to a master. 王维决定资助这位年轻人学画，并将他引荐给了一位绘画大师。 【用法】 （1）sponsor sb to do sth　　　资助某人做某事 sponsor a meeting　　主办一次会议 sponsor a show　　赞助一次展览 （2）sponsor for/of　　……的赞助人 【佳句】　If there had not been an exchange programme， he would not have found a sponsor to help him study abroad. 要是没有交换生项目，他就不会找到一个帮助他出国留学的资助者了。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①The lecture 　sponsored　 （sponsor） by the college drew a large number of students. ②She found a company to sponsor her 　to complete　 （complete） college. 【写美】　补全句子 ③I need to 　find some more sponsors for my bike ride　 to Brighton. 我需要为我的布赖顿骑车之行再多找一些赞助商。 be fond of ...喜欢…… 【教材原句】　The Tang emperors were very fond of horses. 唐代的皇帝十分喜爱骏马。 【用法】 be keen on　　　喜爱…… be crazy about　　对……着迷 be addicted to　　对……上瘾 have a fancy for　　喜欢…… take a pleasure in　以……为乐 care for　　喜欢，照顾 go in for　　喜欢，对……感兴趣 fall in love with　　爱上，喜欢上 【佳句】　To tell the truth，I am fond of Chinese paintings which show the spirit of Chinese people. 说实话，我喜欢展示中国人民精神的中国画。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①She goes in 　for　 cooking and is always trying out new recipes. ②The children care much 　for　 new clothes when the Spring Festival is coming. 【写美】　一句多译 ③我非常喜欢侦探小说，尤其是日本著名作家的作品。 →I 　am very fond of　 detective stories， especially written by famous Japanese writers.（fond） →I 　am very keen on　 detective stories， especially written by famous Japanese writers.（keen） sing high praises for ...高度赞扬/赞美…… 【教材原句】　Those who saw Han Gan’s horse paintings all sang high praises for his unique skill， saying that his horses “could gallop off the paper”. 看过韩干的骏马图的人都对他独特的技艺赞赏有加，称他的马“跃然纸上”。 【用法】 （1）同义表达：think highly/well of， speak highly of， have a high opinion of （2）praise sb for （doing） sth因（做）某事而表扬某人 （3）in praise of　　赞扬 【佳句】　When we sing high praises for something new， we should not ignore its bad effects. 当我们高度赞扬某种新事物时，我们不应该忽视它的不良影响。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①The young man who saved the girl from the lake was highly praised 　for　 his good behaviour. ②He wrote a poem 　in　 praise of the hero saving a drowning girl. 【写美】　补全句子 ③Judging from his expression， he doesn’t 　sing high praises for/think highly of/think well of/speak highly of/have a high opinion of　 your plan. 从他的表情判断，他对你的计划评价不高。 shade n.（色彩的）浓淡，深浅，色度；阴凉处；（树）荫 v.给……遮挡（光线）；把……涂暗；画阴影 【教材原句】　It shows sunflowers in a vase， mostly in three shades of yellow. 它画的是花瓶里的向日葵，大多是三种色度的黄色。 【用法】 （1）in the shade of　　　在……的阴影下 put sb/sth in the shade　　使某人或某物黯然失色；使相形见绌 in the shade　　在阴凉处 （2）shade ...from/against ...　　使……免受……的照射 【佳句】　She was sitting in the shade of a large oak tree. 她坐在一棵大橡树的树荫下。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①After a long hike， we were fortunate to find a bench 　in　 the shade to rest our tired legs. ②She shaded her eyes 　from/against　 the strong sunshine. 【写美】　补全句子 ③They’re planning a festival that will 　put all the others in the shade　. 他们正在筹办一个将令所有其他类似活动都黯然失色的纪念活动。 Part Ⅱ　重点句型解构 句型公式：时间状语从句的省略句 【教材原句】　While waiting at the gate， Han Gan used a stick to draw pictures in the dirt and was seen by the poet himself. 韩干在门口等候时，他用一根木棒在地上画画，正好被王维看到。 【用法】 （1）句中While waiting at the gate为时间状语从句的省略句， While和waiting之间省略了he was。 （2）在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，当从句的主语与主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it，同时从句中含有系动词be的某种形式时，可以省略主语与系动词。 【品悟】　While visiting the art exhibition， we discussed the great artists’ works. 参观艺术展时，我们讨论了伟大艺术家的作品。 【写美】　微写作/句型转换 ①这个问题，除非处理得当，可能会导致两个人之间的误解。 The problem，　unless handled properly　，may lead to misunderstanding between the two people. ②Don’t hesitate to turn to me for help when it is necessary. →Don’t hesitate to turn to me for help 　when necessary　. 句型公式：“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”意为“越……，就越……” 【教材原句】　The more time he spent observing these animals， the more his understanding of them grew. 他观察这些动物的时间越长，他就越了解它们。 【用法】 （1）“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”是一个比较结构，表示后者随着前者的变化而变化，该结构中两个the的后面都必须跟形容词或副词的比较级形式。 （2）“比较级＋and＋比较级”意为“越来越……”，与这类结构搭配的常用动词有grow， get， become等。 【品悟】　The more powerful the car is，the more difficult it is to handle. 汽车的功率越大，就越难驾驭。 【写美】　微写作 ①离地面越高，空气就越稀薄。 　The higher　 off the ground is， 　the thinner　 the air becomes. ②一个人书读得越多，他就会变得越明智。 The more a person reads， 　the wiser he will become　. ③对于一个像我这样的外国人来说，了解中国历史越多，就越喜欢住在中国。 For a foreigner like me， the more I learn about Chinese history， 　the more I enjoy living in China　. 维度一：品句填词 1.This kind of 　wine　 （葡萄酒） is too sweet for me， so I’m not used to its taste. 2.Instead of blaming the child who had broken the 　vase　 （花瓶）， she gave him a tolerant smile and let him go. 3.　Emperor　 （皇帝） Li Shimin in the Tang Dynasty was one of the greatest rulers in Chinese history. 4.Visitors are requested not to touch the paintings using their bare　 hands. 5.We must keep our room clean， for dirt　 and disease go hand in hand， you know. 6.Please could you sponsor　 me for my school’s campaign for Help the Aged？ 维度二：词形转换 1.He was so devoted to his work that he 　frequently　 （frequent） stayed up late at night. 2.He told us that the people visiting the exhibition were 　mostly　 （most） from poor families. 3.The exhibition， 　sponsored　 （sponsor） by the local government， will illustrate how technology is constantly evolving and changing. 4.When he returned， there were some 　dirty　 （dirt） spots on his trousers. 5.Van Gogh is known for his painting Sunflowers which was painted mainly in three 　shades　 （shade） of yellow. 维度三：固定搭配和句式 1.　When asked　 （当被问及） about her personal life，the young actress kept silent. 2.　It is said that　 （据说） the activity is scheduled to last 3 days in order to help people realize the environmental protection. 3.　 The more time　 （时间越长） middle school students spend on their phones， 　the greater　 （越大） their health problems are. 4.As a student， I 　am fond of　 （喜欢） taking part in a variety of contests. 5.Some amateurs can perform at such a high level that even professionals 　sing high praises for　 （高度赞扬） them. 维度四：课文语法填空 　　Night-Shining White， now 1.　kept　 （keep） in New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art， is regarded as one of the most significant horse paintings in the history of Chinese art.2.　Its　 （it） artist， Han Gan， is known for his skill in capturing not only the physical features of the animal， 3.　but　 also its inner spirit and strength.Han Gan’s artistic talent was discovered 4.　by　 accident while he was 5.　waiting　 （wait） at the gate of Wang Wei’s house to collect payment for some wine.Wang Wei decided to sponsor the young man to study painting and recommended him to a master.Due to Han Gan’s natural talent and years of hard work， he was 6.　eventually　 （eventual） chosen to serve Emperor Xuanzong in the royal palace.Han Gan’s method of studying horse painting was different — he observed the animal itself.He regarded all the horses of the royal stables as his teachers. 　　Those 7.　who　 saw Han Gan’s horse paintings all sang high praises for his unique skill， 8.　saying　 （say） that his horses “could gallop off the paper”.Even Su Shi， expressed his 9.　admiration　 （admire） for Han Gan with the words， “The horses 10.　painted　 （paint） by Han Gan are real horses.” Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　What is the place of art in a culture of inattention？ Recent visitors to the Louvre report that tourists can now spend only a minute in front of the Mona Lisa before being asked to move on. Much of that time， for some of them， is spent taking photographs not even of the painting but of themselves with the painting in the background. 　　One view is that we have made tourism and gallery-going so easy that we have made it effectively impossible to appreciate what we’ve travelled to see. In this society， experience becomes goods like any other. There are queues to climb Everest as well as to see famous paintings. Thus， leisure is considered as hard labour rather than relaxation. 　　In the rapidly developing society， what gets lost is the quality of looking. Consider an extreme example， the late philosopher Richard Wollheim. When he visited the Louvre he could spend as much as four hours sitting before a painting. The first hour， he claimed， was necessary for incorrect impression to be removed. It was only then that the picture would begin to disclose itself. This seems unthinkable today， but it is still possible to organise. Even in the busiest museums there are many rooms and many pictures worth hours of contemplation （沉思） which the crowds largely ignore. 　　Marcel Proust， another lover of the Louvre， wrote： “It is only through art that we can escape from ourselves and know how another person sees a universe which is not the same as our own and whose landscapes would otherwise have remained as unknown as any there may be on the moon.” If any art remains worth seeing， it must lead us to such escapes. But a minute in front of a painting in a hurried， harried （烦扰） crowd won’t do that. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。在快速发展的社会中，游客们不能集中注意力很好地欣赏艺术品，而艺术是需要专心欣赏的。 1.Why does the author mention the example in Louvre in Paragraph 1？（　　） A.To express his concern about Louvre. B.To report the popularity of Mona Lisa. C.To introduce a good place to take photos. D.To show a disappointing current situation. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句和第二段第一句可知，作者在第一段提到卢浮宫的例子是为了展示艺术欣赏令人失望的现状。 2.Which of the following will Richard Wollheim agree？（　　） A.People need to clear up their misunderstanding of paintings. B.People have to stay at least 4 hours when appreciating paintings. C.It is impossible for modern people to admire paintings attentively. D.The longer one admires the paintings， the more unlikely he loves them. 解析：A　推理判断题。根据第三段中的The first hour ... to be removed.可知，Richard Wollheim认为第一个小时是消除对艺术作品错误印象所必需的。由此可得出，他可能会同意的是人们需要澄清对绘画的误解。 3.What role does art play in our lives according to Marcel Proust？（　　） A.Art is of help for us to accept ourselves better. B.Art makes our lives more colourful and meaningful. C.Art allows us to know the world in the view of others. D.Art pushes us away from ourselves and explores the moon. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的It is only through art ... may be on the moon.可知，Marcel Proust认为艺术让我们从别人的角度去认识世界。 4.What is the best title for the passage？（　　） A.Into Art Attentively B.Escape from Ourselves C.Beyond Art Completely D.Go to the Museums Often 解析：A　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，在快速发展的社会中，游客们不能集中注意力很好地欣赏艺术品，而艺术是需要专心欣赏的。 因此，A项最适合作文章标题。 B 　　From woodworker to great artist — this was the course of Qi Baishi’s life.He achieved success by coupling talent with hard work.In 1953， he was honoured with the title “People’s Artist” by the Chinese government. 　　For most of the general public， his masterpieces are his paintings of shrimps.At the beginning， he painted these small animals by following ancient models.Later， he developed a personal style by using shades of black ink to show a shrimp’s body， giving it an almost real-life feel.Besides， his paintings of flowers and vegetables， indicating rich harvests （丰收）， are famous as well.People love these nature-based paintings because the works remind them of the countryside and of their hometowns.The dove is another common image in Qi’s art during his later years， showing his wish for world peace. 　　Be it landscapes， birds， flowers or figures， Qi’s paintings are rich in expression and detail.Using heavy ink， bright colours and energetic strokes （笔画）， he created works in a fresh and lively manner， expressing his love of nature and life.His art reflects an international trend in modern art at the time， yet he expressed it in a typical Chinese way. 　　Qi was hard-working even in his 70s.He kept looking for higher goals， especially as he got older.While many other Chinese artists retire from public life at an old age， Qi actively took on more social responsibilities.He said， “I love my hometown， my country and all the lives there.In recent years， I have realised that what I run after is world peace.” 　　In 1956， he was awarded the International Peace Prize by the World Peace Council. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国著名艺术家齐白石的绘画风格和他取得的成就。 5.Why are Qi Baishi’s nature-based paintings popular？（　　） A.Because they lift people’s spirits. B.Because they touch people’s feelings. C.Because they inspire people’s passions. D.Because they reflect people’s wishes. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的People love these nature-based paintings because the works remind them of the countryside and of their hometowns.可知，人们喜欢齐白石以自然为基础的绘画，因为这些画触动了他们的感情，让他们想起了乡村和他们的家乡。 6.What does Paragraph 3 focus on about Qi Baishi？（　　） A.His masterpieces. B.His influence. C.His painting subjects. D.His painting style. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，第三段主要介绍了齐白石的绘画风格，他用浓墨重彩和充满活力的笔画创作出清新活泼的作品，他用一种典型的中国方式来表达自己的作品。由此可推断出，第三段关注的是齐白石的绘画风格。 7.Why was Qi Baishi still hard-working at an old age？（　　） A.To popularize Chinese paintings. B.To involve the youth in art. C.To shoulder more social responsibilities. D.To earn international reputation. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的While many other Chinese artists retire from public life at an old age， Qi actively took on more social responsibilities.可知，齐白石在年老时还努力工作是为了承担更多的社会责任。 8.Which of the following words can be used to best describe Qi？（　　） A.Remarkable and admirable. B.Passionate and confident. C.Intelligent and generous. D.Realistic and professional. 解析：A　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句和最后一段内容可知，齐白石的成就获得国内和国际的认可。由此可知，他是引人注目的；根据倒数第二段内容可知，齐白石在年老时还努力工作，积极承担更多的社会责任。由此可知，他是令人钦佩的。 C 　　Mona Lisa is the famous Leonardo da Vinci painting of a woman with a mysterious smile. This week， the painting gave up a secret. 　　Scientists using X-rays to examine the chemical structure of a small part of the painting discovered a technique Leonardo used in the work. An oil paint used for it was a special， new chemical mixture， which suggests that the Italian artist was in an experimental mood when he worked on the painting in the 16th century. 　　“He loved to experiment， and each of his paintings is completely different technically，”said Victor Gonzalez， a chemist who has studied the chemical element of several works by Leonardo and other artists. The researchers found a rare lead compound （铅化合物） — plumbonacrite， in Leonardo’s first layer of paint. The discovery proved that da Vinci most likely used lead oxide to thicken and help dry his paint. The paint in the study is about the thickness of a human hair， lying in the top right area of the painting. 　　The scientists looked into its atomic structure using X-rays， moving particles at the speed of light， permitting researchers to look deeper into the paint structure. “ Plumbonacrite is really a fingerprint of his recipe， as it’s the first time we can chemically confirm it，” Gonzalez said. 　　Dutch artist Rembrandt may have used a similar mixture when he was painting in the 17th century. Gonzalez and other researchers have found plumbonacrite in his work， too. Leonardo is thought to have put lead oxide powder， which has an orange colour， in the oil to make it thicker and dry faster. “What you will get is an oil that has a very nice golden colour，” Gonzalez said. “It flows more like honey.” 　　But Mona Lisa — said by the Louvre to be a portrait （肖像） of Lisa Gherardini， the wife of a Florentine silk businessman — and additional works by Leonardo still have other secrets to tell. “What we are saying is just a little brick in the knowledge，” Gonzalez said. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。科研人员研究意大利画家达·芬奇的名画《蒙娜丽莎》后发现，达·芬奇在作画时使用了一种铅化合物，并且表示达·芬奇的画作中仍然有很多秘密等待人们去寻找和发现。 9.What’s the new discovery about Mona Lisa？（　　） A.A new explanation of the secret smile. B.A new chemical element used in the painting. C.The secret of the woman in the painting. D.The structure of the paint da Vinci used. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，科学家们发现一种特殊的化学混合物被用在了《蒙娜丽莎》的颜料上。 10.Which best explains the underlined word “fingerprint” in Paragraph 4？（　　） A.Open secret.　　　　 B.Widespread use. C.Hidden element.　 D.Long-term dream. 解析：C　词义猜测题。根据画线词下文as it’s the first time we can chemically confirm it可知，科学家们用科学方法第一次证实了达·芬奇在他的画作中使用了这种铅化合物。由此可知，画线词指的是达·芬奇的画作中这种先前不为人知的成分。 11.How does Gonzalez view the use of lead oxide powder in paintings？（　　） A.It helps to make many things into paints. B.It helps to make paints easy to deal with. C.It helps to keep the paintings last long. D.It helps to make paintings rich in colour. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据第五段最后三句可推知，Gonzalez认为这种铅化合物的添加有助于使绘画色彩丰富。 12.What can we learn about Mona Lisa from the last paragraph？（　　） A.It has more secrets to tell the world. B.It’s the portrait of a silk businessman. C.It’s well kept in bricks in the Louvre. D.It has a mixture of different art styles. 解析：A　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，画家达·芬奇的《蒙娜丽莎》和他的其他画作仍有很多秘密有待被发现，我们所知道的只是其中很小的一部分。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 　　Artistic activities like taking a painting class or visiting a gallery are becoming increasingly popular today.13.（　　） However， scientific studies have shown that art plays a critical role in promoting health and well-being. 　　Art is found to be effective in relieving stress. This applies to both children and adults. Activities such as painting， drawing， and sculpting have been linked to lower stress and mental calmness. They take participants’ mind off busy daily work. 14.（　　） 　　Another great benefit of art is that it encourages both kids and adults in imagination and creative thinking. It helps develop and improve problem-solving skills.15.（　　） That allows people to imagine different solutions to problems. This type of creative thinking allows the brain to perform complicated functions in ways that learning a new language does. 　　16.（　　） It drives the brain to produce a hormone （激素） that makes people feel good about themselves， improves concentration， and increases motivation，providing a sense of accomplishment. After completing a creative project， people will feel happy and satisfied. This process of creating something unique can promote a sense of well-being and even slow down aging. 　　Sharing the creative process of making art is a great way to help students build their social awareness and interpersonal skills. This can remind schools to have students work with seniors in the community！ 17.（　　） Creating visual arts helps in transforming lives of people with brain disorders like Alzheimer’s disease by increasing connections， promoting cell growth and improving memory. A.Include artistic activities in the daily life. B.Creating art helps increase self-confidence. C.Art is a very interesting topic for people of all ages. D.There is no right or wrong in the creation of artworks. E.Consequently， mental states such as fear and worry get set aside. F.Arrange a trip to the museum or have an art class across generations. G.People tend to think the benefits of art are only enjoyment and relaxation. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。科学研究表明，艺术不仅是一种享受和放松，在促进健康和幸福方面也发挥着至关重要的作用。 13.G　根据空后的However可知，上下文有转折关系，G项中提到人们对艺术的看法是only enjoyment and relaxation，这与空后一句中科学研究得出的观点art plays a critical role in promoting health and well-being形成对比。 14.E　上文介绍艺术有助于帮助人们减轻压力，让人从繁忙的工作中解放出来。E项承接上文，进一步说明其好处，E项中的mental states such as fear and worry与上文lower stress and mental calmness相照应。 15.D　根据That的指代关系和空后一句可知，上文中应出现指示代词That指代的内容，D项中the creation of artworks即其指代对象，艺术创作的自由性让人们能够想象出不同的解决问题的方法，都是关于艺术有利于创造性思维的话题，符合语境。 16.B　根据空后一句可知，本段是在介绍艺术可以使人自信，自我感觉良好，所以B项符合本段主题，同时是对本段内容的概括。 17.F　根据空前一句可知，F项是空前一句提到的活动的具体举例，都是学生和老年人可以一起进行的艺术活动。 Ⅲ.应用文写作 　　假定你是李华，你校将举办艺术节，请你写一封邮件邀请你的英国朋友Peter参加，内容包括： 　　1.艺术节安排（时间、地点、活动）； 　　2.邀请他表演节目。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.请按如下格式作答。 Dear Peter， 　　I felt it a great honor to invite you.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Yours， Li Hua 参考范文： Dear Peter， 　　I felt it a great honor to invite you.The art festival hosted by our school is drawing near. 　　The coming festival will serve as a platform for us to show our talents for art and cultivate our interest in art.Based on such a meaningful theme， the festival consists of various activities， which range from solo shows to group performances.Next Friday， the festival will be held in the teaching building.All the students will take part in it.I sincerely hope that you can join us in our performance. 　　All of us will feel happy with the presence of you. Yours， Li Hua 14 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $