Unit 3 Section Ⅳ Writing an experiment report-【优学精讲】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册教用Word(外研版)

本讲义聚焦高中英语实验报告写作核心知识点，通过“品教材范文—析写作手法—背出彩佳句”的学习支架，系统梳理实验报告的结构（引言、主体、结论）、语言表达（动词短语、连接词、强调句）及写作步骤（审题、要点、衔接），形成从输入到输出的完整训练脉络。 该资料特色在于以核心素养为导向，通过范文分析与写作任务结合，提升学生语言能力（如实验步骤描述的连接词运用），培养思维品质（实验结论的逻辑推导），并提供步骤化写作指导与多样化练习（翻译、连句、阅读），课中辅助教师高效教学，课后助力学生自主查漏补缺，强化写作技能。

Section Ⅳ　Writing an experiment report Step 1　品教材范文 　　The experiment is designed to prove whether air pressure really exists. 　　At the beginning of the experiment， I prepared the materials， including a boiled egg， a glass bottle whose neck is a bit smaller than the egg and some hot water.With all the things prepared， the experiment began. 　　First， I removed the shell of the egg.Then， I carefully poured some hot water into the bottle， and shook the bottle gently.After a few minutes， I poured out the hot water.Just at the same time， I quickly placed the egg on top of the bottle.To my amazement， the egg squeezed into the bottle at once. After the experiment， I can draw the conclusion that air pressure indeed exists， and it is very powerful.It is the force of the air that pushed the egg into the bottle. Step 2　析写作手法 学语言： 1.使用动词短语be designed to，表明了实验目的。 2.使用介词including，列举了实验所准备的材料。 3.使用with复合结构，对做实验前的准备工作做了总结。 4.使用first， then， after a few minutes， just at the same time，使实验步骤一目了然。 5.使用强调句，突出实验所得出的结论。 学结构： Introduction：introduce the aim of the experiment.→Main body：describe the materials used in the experiment and explain the procedure.→Conclusion：report the results and what you have learnt. Step 3　背出彩佳句 1.描写实验目的 （1）...carry out an experiment to find out ... （2）The aim of the experiment is to find ... （3）...with the purpose of discovering ... 2.描写实验器材 （1）To carry out/do/perform the experiment， you need ... （2）The following things are needed ... （3）The following apparatus is used ... 3.描写实验方法或步骤 （1）...make good preparations for ... （2）It is important that ... （3）...do the experiment as follows. （firstly， secondly， thirdly， finally； first， then， next， after that， two hours’ later； after several days） （4）find a better way of doing ... （5）...make a good study of ... 4.描写实验结果和结论 （1）From this experiment we can conclude ... （2）...draw/come to the conclusion that ... （3）We can learn from the experiment that ... （4）We can find out that ... （5）You can see/discover ... （6）In conclusion ... 　　假定你是李华，请你根据下面表格中的内容写一篇实验报告。 实验目的 查明铝（aluminium）在空气中加热后重量是否会发生变化 实验器材 铝片，本生灯（Bunsen burner），天平，坩埚（crucible），坩埚钳（tongs） 实验步骤 1.把铝片放在坩埚里，然后放在天平上称重； 2.点燃本生灯，将盛有铝片的坩埚移到本生灯上，加热三分钟； 3.再称坩埚和铝片的重量 实验结果 比加热前略重些 实验结论 铝在空气中加热后，重量会发生变化 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 一、审题谋篇，结构分明 明确体裁 实验报告 确定时态和人称 一般过去时为主；第三人称为主 布局文章架构 第一段：实验的目的和器材； 第二段：实验步骤； 第三段：实验结果和结论 二、要点陈述，语言规范 1.我们今天做了一个实验。实验的目的是找出铝加热后重量是否有变化。 　Today we carried out an experiment.Its aim was to find out if there is a change in weight after aluminium is heated.　 2.为了进行实验，我们准备了以下器材：铝片、本生灯、天平、坩埚和坩埚钳。 　To carry out the experiment，we prepared the following equipment： pieces of aluminium，a Bunsen burner，a balance，a crucible and a pair of tongs.　 3.步骤如下。 　The stages were as follows.　 4.首先，我们把一片铝放在坩埚里。 　First， we put a piece of aluminium in the crucible.　 5.然后我们把坩埚放在天平上称了称。 　Then we put the crucible on the balance and weighed it.　 6.在那之后，我们把盛着铝的坩埚放在本生灯火焰上。 　After that， we held the crucible with aluminium in it over the Bunsen burner’s flame.　 7.最后，我们把坩埚和里面的铝放在天平上，再称一称。 　Finally， we put the crucible with the aluminium in it on the balance and weighed it again.　 8.我们发现它比之前重了一点。 　We found it weighed a little more than before.　 9.实验过后，我们得出结论：铝加热时重量有变化。 　After the experiment， we drew a conclusion：There is a change in weight after aluminium is heated.　 三、句间衔接，过渡自然 1.用定语从句改写要点1。 　Today we carried out an experiment，whose aim was to find out if there is a change in weight after aluminium is heated.　 2.用同位语从句改写要点9。 　After the experiment， we drew a conclusion that there is a change in weight after aluminium is heated.　 四、检查誊写，卷面整洁 　　　Today we carried out an experiment， whose aim was to find out if there is a change in weight after aluminium is heated.To carry out the experiment，we prepared the following equipment：pieces of aluminium， a Bunsen burner， a balance， a crucible and a pair of tongs.　 　　　The stages were as follows.First， we put a piece of aluminium in the crucible.Then we put the crucible on the balance and weighed it.Next，we lighted the Bunsen burner.After that，we held the crucible with aluminium in it over the Bunsen burner’s flame.Finally，we put the crucible with the aluminium in it on the balance and weighed it again.We found it weighed a little more than before.　 　　　After the experiment， we drew a conclusion that there is a change in weight after aluminium is heated.　 人物描写 capable adj.有能力的 never say never 别轻易说决不 brilliant adj.聪颖的，才华横溢的 biologist n.生物学家 动作描写 shoot v.射出（光线等），放射；拍摄 injure v.使受伤，弄伤 环境描写 species n.物种 battery n.电池 compass n.指南针，罗盘 flash n.闪光 stuff n.东西，物品 一、翻译句子 1.生物学家蒂姆对在森林中发现的稀有物种感到兴奋和惊讶，他沉浸在拍摄它们的照片中。 　Excited and surprised at the rare species found in the forest，Tim，a biologist，was immersed in shooting pictures of them.　 2.当他的手机电池没电时，他才意识到自己在森林中迷路了。 　It was when his cellphone battery ran out that he realised that he was lost in the forest.　 3.没有指南针和地图，他以为自己不能走出去。 　Without compass and map，he thought he wasn’t capable of walking out.　 4.他被绊倒了，弄伤了腿。 　He tripped and injured his leg.　 5.经过无数次的尝试和失败，他看到了主干道上的闪光。 　After numerous attempts and failures，he saw the flash on the main road.　 6.在那一刻，他激动得无法形容。 　At that moment， he was excited beyond description.　 7.他自言自语地说：“为了求生带足物品是很重要的。” “　It was significant to take enough stuff for survival，” he said to himself.　 二、连句成篇 　　　Excited and surprised at the rare species found in the forest， Tim， a biologist，was immersed in shooting pictures of them.It was when his cellphone battery ran out that he realised that he was lost in the forest.Without compass and map，he thought he wasn’t capable of walking out.He tripped and injured his leg.After numerous attempts and failures，he saw the flash on the main road.At that moment，he was excited beyond description.“It was significant to take enough stuff for survival，” he said to himself.　 Ⅰ.阅读理解 　　Born in 1918， in the little town of White Sulphur Springs， West Virginia， Katherine Johnson was simply attracted by numbers.As a child， she counted everything.She counted the steps to the road， the steps up to the church， the number of dishes she washed ...By the time she was 10 years old， she was a high school freshman， which was truly amazing in a time when school for African-Americans normally stopped at eighth grade.To fulfil her maths potential， her father drove his family 120 miles to Institute， West Virginia， where blacks could continue high school education.Johnson’s excellent performance proved her father’s decision was the right one：Katherine skipped grades （跳级） to graduate from high school at 14 and from college at 18. 　　In 1953， after years as a teacher and later as a stay-at-home mum， she began working for NASA， which began hiring women to measure and calculate the results of wind tunnel （风洞） tests in 1935.In a time before the electronic computers， these women were called the “computer”.Even after NASA began using electronic computers， the astronaut John Glenn requested that Katherine should personally recheck the calculations made by the new electronic computers before his flight. 　　She continued to work at NASA until 1986.Her calculations proved momentous to the success of the Apollo moon-landing programme and the United States’ journey into space.Her story was the basis for the 2016 film Hidden Figures. 　　Katherine Johnson， a great mathematician， physicist， space scientist and the last “computer” that wore skirts， passed away on 24 February 2020. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了伟大的数学家、物理学家、太空科学家和被称为“最后一台穿裙子的计算机”的凯瑟琳·约翰逊凭借自己的数学天赋为美国国家航空航天局作出重要贡献的故事。 1.What can be learnt from Paragraph 1？（　　） A.Katherine left high school at eighth grade. B.Katherine was gifted in maths as a child. C.Katherine was required to count in her childhood. D.African-Americans had a good education in the 1920s. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的As a child， she counted everything.和To fulfil her maths potential可知，凯瑟琳从小就有数学天赋。 2.How long did Katherine work at NASA？（　　） A.For 18 years.　　　　 B.For 33 years. C.For 51 years.　 D.For 81 years. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的In 1953 ...she began working for NASA及第三段中的She continued to work at NASA until 1986.可知，1953年她开始为美国国家航空航天局工作，直至1986年结束，一共是33年。 3.Which best explains the underlined word “momentous” in Paragraph 3？（　　） A.Important.　 B.Successful. C.Dangerous.　 D.Harmful. 解析：A　词义猜测题。根据第二段最后一句可知，即使在使用电子计算机之后，宇航员约翰·格伦也要求凯瑟琳亲自进行再次核对。由此可知，她的计算结果非常有价值。因此她的计算对阿波罗登月计划的成功和美国的太空之旅至关重要。 4.What’s the best title for the text？（　　） A.Scientists at NASA B.Katherine Johnson’s Education C.A Great Mathematician’s Decision D.Katherine Johnson， a Computer That Wore Skirts 解析：D　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文按照时间线索，讲述了被称为“最后一台穿裙子的计算机”的凯瑟琳·约翰逊每个阶段的优异表现和主要事迹，全文主要讲述她凭借自己的数学天赋为美国国家航空航天局作出的重要贡献。因此D项为本文最佳标题。 Ⅱ.完形填空 　　A 13-year-old girl from Connecticut came up with a smart idea and brightened the days of hundreds of sick kids. 　　　5　 to see her dear sister lying on the hospital bed three months ago， Ella Casano 　6　 the Medi Teddy， a stuffed animal bag that contains an IV pocket （静脉注射袋） .The back of the 　7　 consists of a net， allowing a doctor or nurse to see through and check on the liquid 　8　 that a child is receiving.From the front， the child sees a 　9　 face instead of the IV liquid pocket. 　　At the beginning， Ella hoped to 　10　 5，000 through a GoFundMe page， which would have allowed her to start producing 500 Medi Teddys， the smallest number 　11　 by the manufacturer （厂家） to do the job.　12　， in just over a week， Ella’s page collected more than 20，000.Although her sister recovered soon， Ella was amazed by the unexpected level of 　13　 and decided to work harder. 　　She shared with a local newspaper， “It turns out kids aren’t the only ones who get 　14　 by the Medi Teddy.The 　15　 for it has been quite obvious among patients， both children and adults， and even pet owners nationwide.We want to continue to 　16　 Medi Teddys to as many children as we can to make a 　17　 in their lives.” 　　The same motivation has also 　18　 Ella’s mum.“It’s really been heart-warming to receive such 　19　 emails from all over the world，” she said.“And it’s inspiring me to contribute to the process.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。13岁的埃拉·卡萨诺发明了一款名为“美迪泰迪熊”的毛绒玩具袋，里面有一个输液袋，受到了生病孩子们的欢迎。 5.A.Sad　　　　　　　　　 B.Nervous C.Angry　 D.Surprised 解析：A　埃拉·卡萨诺看到自己亲爱的妹妹躺在医院的病床上，肯定心里很难过。 6.A.bought　 B.created C.found　 D.filled 解析：B　根据文章首段可知，埃拉·卡萨诺发明了一款名为“美迪泰迪熊”的毛绒玩具袋，里面有一个输液袋。 7.A.basket　 B.bed C.window　 D.bag 解析：D　根据语境可知，输液袋的背面有一个网兜。 8.A.medicine　 B.sugar C.juice　 D.food 解析：A　根据常识可知，输液袋里面是药物。 9.A.serious　 B.strange C.friendly　 D.common 解析：C　根据下文instead of the IV liquid pocket可知，孩子看到的是“美迪泰迪熊”友善的脸。 10.A.earn　 B.raise C.exchange　 D.donate 解析：B　根据下文in just over a week， Ella’s page collected more than 20，000可知，埃拉希望通过GoFundMe页面筹集5，000美元，用来生产“美迪泰迪熊”。 11.A.changed　 B.collected C.required　 D.reduced 解析：C　根据下文by the manufacturer （厂家） to do the job可知，厂家要求生产的最小数量是500。 12.A.Besides　 B.Anyway C.Therefore　 D.However 解析：D　根据下文in just over a week， Ella’s page collected more than 20，000可知，埃拉希望筹集5，000美元，仅仅一周多的时间，埃拉就筹集了20，000多美元。前后语义为转折关系。 13.A.response　 B.competition C.treatment　 D.performance 解析：A　根据下文and decided to work harder可知，埃拉对“美迪泰迪熊”出乎意料的受欢迎感到惊讶，这是人们对“美迪泰迪熊”的反应。 14.A.surrounded　 B.comforted C.accepted　 D.connected 解析：B　根据下文by the Medi Teddy可知，孩子们可以从“美迪泰迪熊”那里得到安慰。 15.A.design　 B.reason C.need　 D.test 解析：C　根据上文It turns out kids aren’t the only ones who get 　14　 by the Medi Teddy.可知，对“美迪泰迪熊”的需求很大。 16.A.leave behind　 B.show off C.hand in　 D.give away 解析：D　根据下文to as many children as we can to make a 　17　 in their lives可知，埃拉想继续向尽可能多的孩子赠送“美迪泰迪熊”。 17.A.difference　 B.plan C.deal　 D.decision 解析：A　根据上文We want to continue to 　16　 Medi Teddys可知，埃拉会继续向尽可能多的孩子赠送“美迪泰迪熊”，对他们的生活产生影响。 18.A.educated　 B.trained C.advised　 D.impacted 解析：D　根据下文she said.“And it’s inspiring me to contribute to the process.”可知，埃拉的动机也影响了妈妈。 19.A.private　 B.formal C.supportive　 D.humorous 解析：C　根据语境可知，埃拉妈妈收到来自世界各地支持的邮件。 Ⅲ.读后续写 　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 　　It’s a great pity that I had not put forth the amount of effort required. I had spent too much time playing with my friends instead of improving myself. I had let down my teacher， who was the kindest， sweetest， and prettiest one I had ever known. She laughed often， and never threatened any of us， yet she was able to “read” the children， control the class， and teach effectively. Miss Pratt put a lot of herself into her work. Every day near the close of school， she would read to us， or even better， tell us stories about when she was a little girl. Most importantly， she made us feel that she cared about us and that we were important. 　　Because of a serious car accident when I was three and a half years old， I had a scar （伤疤） below my nose that was the result of a torn upper lip. Everything else had healed up without any after effects physically， but my emotions remained scarred. Meanwhile， having been called “Chief Running Nose” and “Scarface” by many children， my confidence had suffered. Although my parents and relatives referred to me as pretty， I did not see myself that way. 　　Focusing on my scar， I could not appreciate any redeeming features （可取之处）. At the end of one school day， I remained in my classroom， waiting for the arrival of my mother， who was coming to take me to an appointment close to the school. Miss Pratt sat at her desk with a fellow teacher and chatted. 　　I glanced at the clock and realized it was time to get ready to leave. I put on my wool coat and hat. The teachers looked at my clothes and seemed to admire it. I was able to read their lips a little and my ears perked up to hear， “Who is she？ She is really cute.” My teacher Miss Pratt answered， “I agree. Bernice is quite pretty.” 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2.请按如下格式作答。 　　“Pretty” caught my attention since it was almost my favourite word.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　About two months later， the final exam result was announced and I got the first place. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 参考范文： 　　“Pretty” caught my attention since it was almost my favourite word. At that moment， I felt myself surrounded with a lot of warmth and love. I knew teachers would never lie. It was Miss Pratt who brought a lot of confidence to me. From that moment on， I made the decision to be one of the top students in my class to improve myself. Whatever it took and no matter how much time I would spend， I would try my best to succeed. 　　About two months later， the final exam result was announced and I got the first place. The moment Miss Pratt finished the announcement， the whole class cheered and clapped for me. For the first time I felt truly good about myself and I knew I had been motivated by Miss Pratt’s praise. This might not have occurred if I had not heard those kind words. Thank you so much， Miss Pratt！ What a great difference you have made！ I am determined to be a caring teacher like you！ 8 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $