Unit 2 Section Ⅱ Using language-【优学精讲】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册教用Word(外研版)

本讲义聚焦过去分词（短语）作定语这一核心语法点，通过例句引导学生自主发现单个过去分词前置、短语后置的位置规律，系统讲解其表被动、完成、状态等意义，对比动词-ing形式、不定式作定语的区别，构建从感知到应用的学习支架。 该资料以探究式学习为特色，“我的发现”环节培养学生思维品质，多维度练习提升语言能力，词汇学习采用“原句-用法-练习”模式强化学习能力。课中助力教师高效授课，课后分层练习帮助学生巩固知识，实现语言应用与思维发展的结合。

Section Ⅱ　Using language 过去分词（短语）作定语 ①In Uganda，Ryan at last saw the finished well with his own eyes. ②As a six-year-old Canadian schoolboy，Ryan had trouble believing the words spoken by his teacher that many people in developing African countries couldn’t get enough clean water. ③The lost time can never be found again. ④We were told we would meet at given time and place. ⑤The student dressed in white is my daughter. ⑥The movie called Ad Astra was famous for its special techniques. 【我的发现】 1.例句①③④中蓝体部分为　单个　的过去分词作定语，常常放在被修饰名词的　前面　；例句②⑤⑥中蓝体部分为　过去分词短语　作定语，应放在被修饰名词的　后面　。 2.蓝体部分表示被动意义的有句　②⑥　；表示完成意义的有句　③④　；表示被动完成的有句　①　；表示状态的有句　⑤　。 一、过去分词（短语）作定语时的位置 1.前置定语 一般情况下，单个过去分词作前置定语，即放在所修饰词之前。 Many used computers will be sold in this market. 很多二手电脑将在这个市场出售。 名师点津 有些过去分词表示特定含义时，单独作定语也可放在所修饰的名词之后，如left （剩余的），given （所给的），concerned （有关的）等。 There’s little time left.Let’s hurry up. 剩余的时间不多了，我们快点吧。 2.后置定语 过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语，即放在所修饰词之后，它的作用相当于一个定语从句。 He is a teacher loved by his students. 他是一位受学生爱戴的老师。 The book published ten years ago is still a best-seller today. 十年前出版的这本书现在仍然是一本畅销书。 二、过去分词（短语）作定语时的意义 1.及物动词的过去分词作定语通常表示被动和完成，即被修饰词通常是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，且该动作已经完成。 The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital. 受伤的工人现在正在医院受到良好的照顾。 Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially designed to help them succeed academically and personally. 大多数大学现在给大一学生提供一门专门设计的课程来帮助他们在学术和个人发展上获得成功。 2.不及物动词的过去分词作定语仅表示完成，不表示被动。 The risen sun is shining brightly in the morning. 早上升起的太阳正明亮地闪耀着。 Many little kids like gathering fallen leaves in the yard. 许多小孩子喜欢在庭院里收集落叶。 名师点津 过去分词（短语）作定语时，其语法功能相当于一个定语从句 Tsinghua University， founded（＝which was founded） in 1911， is home to a great number of outstanding people. 清华大学建立于1911年，是许多名人的母校。 As we all know， America is a developed country （＝a country which/that is developed）. 众所周知，美国是一个发达国家。 【即时演练1】　根据括号内的汉语提示补全句子 ①You can put the books in the 　appointed place　 （指定的地方）， so others can have free access to them. ②In the 　damaged house　 （受损的房子）， the firefighters saved a lot of injured people. ③Our teacher watched us doing the experiment and gave us a 　satisfied smile　 （满意的微笑） at last. ④They’re having a meeting to discuss the serious problem 　known to everybody　 （每人熟知的）. ⑤To solve the problem， we should meet the demands 　made by the customers　 （顾客提出的）. ⑥The players 　selected from the whole country　 （选自全国的） are expected to bring us honour in this coming Olympic Games. 三、不同非谓语动词形式作定语的区别 类别 形式 意义 动词-ing形式作定语 doing 表示主动动作正在进行；表示经常性的动作或现在（当时）的状态 being done 表示被动动作正在进行 过去分词作定语 done 表示被动、完成或者被动动作已经完成 动词不定式作定语 to do 表示主动动作将要发生 to be done 表示被动动作将要发生 The problem being discussed at the meeting is very important.（表示动作正在进行） The problem discussed at the meeting is very important.（表示动作已完成） The problem to be discussed at the meeting is important.（表示被动动作将要发生） 名师点津 表示情感或心理状态的过去分词已经形容词化，常见的这类过去分词有：disappointed（失望的），frightened（害怕的），puzzled（困惑的），shocked（震惊的）等。 【即时演练2】　用所给词的适当形式填空 ①Ian has a brother 　working　 （work） in a bank in London and a sister 　studying　 （study） economics at university in Manchester. ②The matter 　discussed　 （discuss） at the meeting yesterday was of great significance. ③The problem 　being talked　 （talk） about now has something to do with our work. ④The airport 　to be completed　 （complete） next year will help promote tourism in this area. ⑤The scientific advances 　mentioned　 （mention） in your article are interesting. take up 开始从事/担当；拿起；接受；继续；占用（时间）；占据（空间）；对……产生兴趣 【教材原句】　Since 1953， UNICEF has taken up an extended mission to help children in the developing world， including those living with diseases or disabilities， and those affected by rapid modernisation and environmental problems. 自1953年以来，联合国儿童基金会开始了一项长期任务来帮助发展中国家的儿童，包括那些患有疾病或残疾的儿童，以及那些受快速现代化和环境问题影响的儿童。 【用法】 take away　　　　拿走；消除（感情、痛苦等） take in　　领会，理解；收留；欺骗；吸收 take off　　休假；脱去（衣服）；起飞；突然大受欢迎 take on　　雇用；呈现 take over　　接管 【佳句】　Roger took painting up for a while， but soon lost interest. 罗杰有段时间喜欢上了绘画，但很快就又没了兴趣。 【练透】　语境辨义 ①The teacher took up the lesson where he left off last week. 　继续　 ②The headteacher takes up her duties in August. 　开始担当　 ③I’ll try not to take up much of your time. 　占用（时间）　 【写美】　补全句子 ④There is still two hours before our plane 　takes off　， so take your time. 离我们的飞机起飞还有两个小时，因此不用着急。 sensitive adj.敏感的，容易生气的 【教材原句】　He’s sensitive and rather serious， which sometimes makes him appear to be a little bookish. 他很敏感，也很严肃，有时会显得有点书呆子气。 【用法】 （1）be sensitive to　 　　　对……过敏/体贴 be sensitive about　　对……敏感的（感情上）/容易生气的 （2）sense n.　　感官；感觉；意识；意义 vt.　　感觉到；觉察到 make sense　　讲得通；有意义；合乎情理 make sense of　　弄明白，理解 There is no sense （in） doing sth 　　做某事没有意义 （3）sensible adj.　　明智的；合理的；察觉到的 【佳句】　The headteacher must be sensitive to a child’s needs. 班主任必须对孩子的需求体察入微。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①He was very sensitive 　about　 his scar and thought everyone was staring at him. ②There is no sense in 　complaining　 （complain）.We should take action now. ③There are so many new words in the passage that I could hardly make sense 　of them at all. 【写美】　补全句子 ④Participating in activities of “Showing Loving Hearts for the Disabled” made me 　much more sensitive to their present situation　. 参加“爱心助残”活动，让我更能理解他们的现状。 generous adj.慷慨的，大方的 【教材原句】　She’s usually very shy， but she’s generous and never hesitates to help. 她通常很害羞，但她很慷慨，而且总是毫不犹豫地帮助别人。 【用法】 （1）be generous to sb　　　对某人慷慨 be generous with sth　　在某方面大方 It’s generous of sb to do sth　　某人做某事很慷慨 （2）generosity n.　　慷慨，大方；宽宏大量 【佳句】　Although he was not rich at that time，he was quite generous to his relatives and friends. 他那时虽然不富裕，但对他的亲朋好友很慷慨。 【练透】　 单句语法填空 ①Teachers in our school are generous 　with　 their time， often staying after class to help students. ②The young man is always so helpful that he treats others with 　generosity　 （generous）. 【写美】　补全句子 ③　It’s generous of you to lend　 us a helping hand when we are in trouble. 你真慷慨，在我们有困难的时候伸出了援助之手。 hesitate v.迟疑，犹豫 【教材原句】　She’s usually very shy， but she’s generous and never hesitates to help. 她通常很害羞，但她很慷慨，而且总是毫不犹豫地帮助别人。 【用法】 （1）hesitate about/over （doing） ...　对（做）……感到犹豫 hesitate to do sth　　迟疑做某事，不愿做某事 （2）hesitation n.　　犹豫，迟疑 without hesitation　　毫不犹豫地 have no hesitation in doing sth　　毫不犹豫地做某事 （3）hesitant adj.　　犹豫的，踌躇的 【佳句】　I hesitated for a moment， wondering how to hide my inner embarrassment. 我犹豫了一会儿，揣摩如何掩饰内心的尴尬。 【练透】　 单句语法填空 ①Without 　hesitation　 （hesitate），she leapt into the water and saved the drowning child. ②People often hesitate 　about/over　 trying new things. ③I have no hesitation in 　recommending　 （recommend） Ms Li for the job. 【写美】　补全句子 ④If you have any questions related to our course to ask， don’t 　hesitate to contact　 me. 如果你有任何与我们的课程有关的问题要问，尽管联系我。　（告知信） assistance n.帮助，援助 【教材原句】　In China， volunteers are also playing an increasingly important role in environmental protection， disability assistance and many other fields. 在中国，志愿者们在环境保护、残疾人救助和很多其他领域也起着越来越重要的作用。 【用法】 （1）with the assistance of ...　　　在……的帮助下 come/go to one’s assistance　　来/去帮助某人 offer/provide assistance　　提供帮助 technical assistance　　技术援助 （2）assist v.　　帮助，协助，援助 assist sb with sth　　在某方面帮助某人 assist sb to do/in doing sth　　帮助某人做某事 （3）assistant n.　　助手，助理 adj.　　有帮助的 【佳句】　 With the assistance of their father， the twins managed to make tasty breakfast. 在父亲的帮助下，这对双胞胎设法做了美味的早餐。 【练透】　 单句语法填空 ①The doctor shares his phone number with the patients in case they need medical 　assistance　 （assist）. ②When in Grade 1， I was elected as 　assistant　 （assist） to my English teacher. 【写美】　一句多译 ③我乐意在业余时间帮助你学习普通话。 →I am willing to 　assist you with　 your Mandarin in my spare time. →I am willing to 　assist you to learn/in learning　 Mandarin in my spare time. 维度一：基础题型练 品句填词 1.It is a non-profit organization whose 　mission　 （使命） is to provide medical care to those affected by disasters. 2.The couple walked along the only path which 　extended　 （延伸） as far as the riverside. 3.To build the famous 　royal　 （皇家的） garden， the Qing government invested lots of manpower and physical resources in it. 4.People who do not smoke have less potential to suffer from lung 　cancer　 （癌症） than those who do so. 5.Some 　diseases　 （疾病） broke out during that time， sometimes even leading to death. 6.As we know， the marriage without 　registration　 （登记） is not recognised by the law. 7.The girl is very 　sensitive　 （敏感的） to what others think of her and easily annoyed by their comments. 8.To be frank， without my English teacher’s encouragement and 　assistance　 （帮助）， I wouldn’t have made such great progress in English. 9.There has still been no official confirmation　 of the report， so we don’t know if it is true. 10.If a student gets hungry on the long drives to and from school， Wilson never hesitates　 to buy them a meal. 维度二：语法与写作 补全句子 1.　The excited look on his face suggested that he had passed the exam. 他脸上激动的表情表明他通过了考试。 2.Hearing 　the encouraging news　， we all felt proud of our country. 听到这个令人鼓舞的消息，我们都为我们的国家感到骄傲。 3.The majority of the visitors liked the new picture 　drawn by the young man　. 大多数参观者都很喜欢这位年轻人画的那幅新画。 4.Teenagers 　addicted to their smartphones　 tend to have bad academic performance. 沉迷于智能手机的青少年往往学习成绩不佳。 5.His book 　to be published　 next month is based on a true story. 他下个月出版的书是根据一个真实的故事写成的。 6.He sat there， 　looking up at the risen sun　. 他坐在那里，仰望着升起的太阳。 7.The club’s annual conference 　held last week　 turned out to be successful. 上周举行的俱乐部年会很成功。 8.We planned to have our picnic in the forest 　next to a fallen tree　. 我们计划在森林里一棵倒下的树旁边进行野餐。 9.With the help of the firemen，they were able 　to escape from the burning house　. 在消防员的帮助下，他们得以从燃烧的房子中逃出。 10.I am writing to ask you to help us with our English short play 　adapted from our English text　. 我写信请求您就我们的英语短剧给予我们帮助，该短剧改编自我们的英语课文。 维度三：语法与语篇 用所给单词的适当形式完成下面短文。 　　In the modern workplace， the 1.　adopted　 （adopt） principles of games are now playing an important role in successfully building teams of problem solvers. 　　HackerRank is a company 2.　 hired　 （hire） to set a series of programming challenges and competitions for promising employees. 　　“What we do is give people the opportunity to connect with any company on the planet by offering a set of challenges that apply the skills 3.　 required　 （require） for a job there，” says Vivek Ravisankar， HackerRank’s co-founder.“Some companies have introduced computer games into the hiring process in order to test interviewees’ skills.It’s only a matter of time before this becomes a widely 4.　 accepted　 （accept） way of thinking.” 　　These principles are now being introduced to schools， too.While there has been much criticism of the time 5.　 spent　 （spend） in front of screens， many experts believe that some games of 6.　 advanced　 （advance） technology can help young people unlock their creative characters， and give them more practicable life lessons for the future than traditional subjects. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　When you buy something for yourself， you probably spend hours shopping around for the best deal on the highest quality product.Some of you may even desire to know how a brand operates as a company.However， when we donate money to one of the countless charities out there， most of us don’t conduct such research.We have absolutely no idea about where that money goes to， what it buys or who it helps.At least that is the case for the majority of charities.Perhaps you should start to take a greater interest in the winding path that your charitable donations take， because many of them may lead to dead ends. 　　You really should ask the question： Will my donation to this charity actually help the people or cause？ Sometimes it makes matters worse.For example， many charities help African people install water pumps to deliver clean water to their communities.Money has been invested over the past 20 years to install a total of 60，000 pumps across sub-Saharan Africa.However， today 40％ of those have failed to work at some point.They have been left there， like expensive but useless decorations. 　　One of the least effective means of giving is when charity sends endless shipping containers full of material goods to underdeveloped nations.For instance， Kenya imports more than 100，000 tons of clothes from global charities each year.The issue is that these mountains of regularly imported clothes have completely destroyed local textile industries， which have previously supported local economies. 　　Ultimately， to whom and how much you give is your choice.It is important to provide highly specialized services instead of material goods.As a general rule of thumb， the more your donation matches the need of the receivers， the better it will be for the long-term prosperity of those you want to help. 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论的是慈善捐助应该切实符合被捐赠者的需要，这才算是真正有帮助的捐助。 1.What do most people do when they donate？（　　） A.They keep track of their donations. B.They neglect the process of charities. C.They select products of highest quality. D.They do research on application of funds. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的We have absolutely no idea about ...or who it helps.可知，许多人捐款的时候并没有研究捐的钱去了哪里，买了什么，帮了谁，即忽视了慈善的过程。 2.Why is the example of water pumps mentioned in Paragraph 2？（　　） A.To stress effective giving. B.To illustrate a fault investment. C.To confirm a charitable failure. D.To complain the pumps’ quality. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据第二段中的Sometimes it makes matters worse.及后面慈善机构帮助非洲人安装水泵的例子可知，作者是用这个例子来证实有些慈善捐款的失败结果。 3.Which view will the author most probably agree with？（　　） A.Donations should meet local demands. B.Ineffective charities must be abandoned. C.Material goods can boost textile industries. D.Specialized services turn out satisfactory. 解析：A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的As a general rule of thumb ... the long-term prosperity of those you want to help.可知，在作者看来，捐款应该满足接受者的需求。 4.Which is the best title for the passage？（　　） A.Has Your Donation Hit a Dead End？ B.Why Should You Make a Donation？ C.Where Does My Donation Take Its Way？ D.Will My Donation to Charity Really Help？ 解析：D　标题归纳题。文章主要讨论的是慈善捐助应该切实符合被捐赠者的需要才算是真正有帮助的捐助。因此D项（我的捐款真的有用吗？）为本文最佳标题。 B 　　Erin Alexander， who was suffering from the loss of her relative， was having a hard day. However， her day took an unexpected turn when she picked up her order and noticed a message on the cup： “Madam，” the waitress had written next to a heart， “your heart is golden.” The small and unexpected act moved her deeply， brightening the rest of her day. 　　New research confirms the great influence of experiences like Ms Alexander’s. Researchers found people who perform an unplanned act of kindness tend to undervalue how much the receiver will appreciate it. This could hold many of us back from doing nice things for others more often. 　　In a recent experiment， 84 participants （参与者） were given a hot chocolate on two cold weekends at a park and were told they could keep it or give it to a stranger. The 75 participants who gave away their drink were asked to guess how “big” their kind act would feel to the receiver on a scale （等级） from 0 to 10， and how the receiver would rate their feelings upon receiving it. The receivers were then asked to report how they actually felt using the same scale. 　　It turned out that the people doing the kind thing always undervalued the importance of their actions. While they thought they were offering something small， the receivers considered it more meaningful because someone had done something nice for them. 　　Despite longing for kindness， many people feel awkward at the thought of being kind. The “little inner voice” often leads them to question whether their behavior might be misunderstood or whether it will make the receiver feel pressured to pay it back. 　　But an act of kindness is unlikely to have unintended results； it can lead to even more kindness. If you are not already in the habit of performing unplanned kind acts， start by thinking about what you are interested in and how you can turn that into an offering for others. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究人员发现，随机做善事的人往往会低估受助者的感激程度，这种误判可能会阻碍许多人做好事，研究人员希望研究结果可以鼓舞更多人做好事。 5.How did Erin Alexander feel after reading the message？（　　） A.Calm.　　　　　　　 B.Puzzled. C.Warmed.　 D.Anxious. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，Erin Alexander看完这条留言后感到很温暖。 6.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about？（　　） A.The rule of the experiment. B.The process of the experiment. C.The purpose of the experiment. D.The result of the experiment. 解析：B　段落大意题。根据第三段内容可知，本段主要描述整个实验的过程。 7.What may prevent people performing kindness according to the text？（　　） A.A mix of fears. B.Coldness from others. C.High expectations of others. D.Voices from the public. 解析：A　推理判断题。根据第五段第二句可知，多种担忧和害怕可能会阻止人们行善。 8.What does the author suggest readers do？（　　） A.Think twice before helping. B.Value kindness from others. C.Find ways to change habits. D.Take action to offer kindness. 解析：D　细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者建议读者采取行动来表达善意。 Ⅱ.完形填空 　　It was Jennifer Williams’ mother who got her interested in books.A librarian， she 　9　 to her three children every day.When Williams， now 54， became an elementary school teacher in Danville， Virginia， she wanted her students to 　10　 with reading just as she had. 　　But early on， she realized that some kids had limited 　11　 to books.To Williams， the 　12　 was simple： Give kids books.In 2017， as part of a civic event called Engage Danville， she 　13　 900 used children’s books over three days， and people were 　14　 with that.“I was like， ‘Anybody could do that’，” she told vadogwood.com， a local news site.“I wanted to do something that’s going to 　15　 my faith， my work ethic， my everything.” So she raised the number considerably by setting a new goal for herself： Give away one million books.It sounds like an 　16　 number.　17　， she got to work， first by persuading friends to give away books or money to buy books.Before long， as 　18　 of Williams’s project spread， strangers started leaving bundles of books on her front porch （门廊）.As quickly as the books come in， Williams gives them to local schools — free of 　19　 — and also 　20　 books to little free libraries around the city of 41，000 just over the North Carolina border.She also 　21　 a book club for those in the local prison.In the four years she’s been doing all this， the Book Lady， as Williams has come to be known， has given away more than 78，000 books — only 922，000 more to reach her 　22　！ 　　And she’s not slowing down.Giving books away is too 　23　 for kids with few options.“Reading can take you anywhere，” she told CNN.“You can travel in time and space.If you can read， you can learn almost anything.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Jennifer Williams捐赠图书的故事。 9.A.showed　 B.responded C.performed　 D.read 解析：D　根据上文It was Jennifer Williams’ mother who got her interested in books.可知，此处表示她每天给她的三个孩子读书。 10.A.fall in love　 B.come up C.catch up　 D.get along 解析：A　根据空后just as she had可知，此处指她想让她的学生像她一样爱上读书。 11.A.ability　 B.accuracy C.access　 D.account 解析：C　根据下文To Williams， the 　12　 was simple： Give kids books.可知，此处指一些学生的阅读机会很有限，即接触书籍的机会有限。 12.A.key　 B.deal C.promise　 D.solution 解析：D　上文指出她意识到了学生没有书读的问题，因而想到了给孩子们书这个方法来解决问题。 13.A.covered　 B.bought C.donated　 D.delivered 解析：C　根据下文So she raised the number considerably by setting a new goal for herself： Give away one million books.可知，此处表示捐赠。 14.A.strict　 B.satisfied C.familiar　 D.honest 解析：B　她在三天内捐赠了900本书，故大部分人都会对此感到满意。 15.A.ensure　 B.continue C.balance　 D.challenge 解析：B　根据上文可知，她喜欢读书，并想要学生们也爱上读书，所以捐赠了大量图书，故此处指她想要做一些能延伸信仰的事情。 16.A.unreachable　 B.unbearable C.unlucky　 D.undefined 解析：A　根据上文one million可知，这个数字太庞大，听起来遥不可及，像是无法达到的。 17.A.Moreover　 B.Thus C.However　 D.Otherwise 解析：C　根据上下文可知，虽然数目很大，但是她还是开始行动起来，因此此处表示转折。 18.A.information　 B.disease C.rumor　 D.news 解析：D　根据本句中的spread可知，此处表示消息传播开了。 19.A.tax　 B.charge C.damage　 D.interest 解析：B　根据上文give away可知，她要无偿捐赠图书，故此处指免费送给当地的学校。短语free of charge表示“免费”。 20.A.attaches　 B.accompanies C.supplies　 D.introduces 解析：C　根据空后books to little free libraries可知，此处指给那些小型图书馆提供书籍。 21.A.sets up　 B.puts away C.takes up　 D.gives away 解析：A　根据本句中的a book club可知，Williams给当地监狱的犯人建立了图书俱乐部。 22.A.judgement　 B.conclusion C.level　 D.target 解析：D　她已捐赠78，000多本书，她的捐书量还差922，000才能达到她定的100万本的目标。 23.A.usual　 B.important C.interesting　 D.amazing 解析：B　根据下一句可知，阅读有很多好处，对于没有太多选择的孩子来说，这项活动非常重要。 Ⅲ.语法填空 　　Deeply 24.　　　　　　 （affect） by her mother’s death， Lin Qiaozhi chose to study medicine instead of following the path of 25.　　　　　　 （marry） like the majority of girls.Her brother complained 26.　　　　　　 the high tuition fees.She responded， “I’d rather stay single to study all my life！” 　　After graduating with the Wenhai Scholarship， Lin became 27.　　　　　　 first woman ever to be hired as a resident physician.When studying abroad， she 28.　　　　　　 （reject） the offer from her American colleagues.She wanted 29.　　　　　　 （serve） the women and children at home. 　　When the department 30.　　　　　　 she worked was closed because of the war， she opened a private clinic and charged very low fees. 　　She held many important 31.　　　　　　 （position）.However， she was more interested in tending patients， publishing medical research， and training new doctors. 　　Having delivered over 50，000 babies in her lifetime， she 32.　　　　　　 （know） as the “mother of ten thousand babies”.Dr Lin did not retire until the day when she died， 33.　　　　　　 （leave） her savings to a kindergarten and a fund for new doctors. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了著名儿童医生林巧稚的生平经历以及对医学作出的贡献。 24.affected　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，句中chose为谓语，设空处应使用非谓语动词。affect与Lin Qiaozhi之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故使用过去分词形式。故填affected。 25.marriage　考查词形转换。设空处作宾语，应使用名词。此处泛指抽象意义的婚姻，为不可数名词。故填marriage。 26.about　考查介词。complain about sth抱怨某事。故填about。 27.the　考查冠词。表示特指“历史上第一位被聘为住院医生的女性”，应用定冠词。故填the。 28.rejected　考查动词的时态。设空处作谓语，此处表示过去的事实，应用一般过去时。故填rejected。 29.to serve　考查非谓语动词。want to do sth想要做某事。故填to serve。 30.where　考查定语从句。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词department，且从句中缺少地点状语。故填where。 31.positions　考查名词的单复数。设空处作宾语。position意为“职务”，由many可知，应用复数。故填positions。 32.was known　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。设空处作谓语， know与she之间是动宾关系，同时句子表述过去的事实，应使用一般过去时的被动语态，且主语为she，故填was known。 33.leaving　考查非谓语动词。句中retire为谓语，设空处应使用非谓语动词，动词leave和逻辑主语she之间是主谓关系，应使用动词-ing形式作状语。故填leaving。 12 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $