第01讲 Unit 1 Career Talks预习讲义-2025-2026学年外研版八年级英语下册

第01讲Unit1 Career Talks Part 1: 单词预习 英文 词性 中文 英文 词性 中文 spiderman n. “蜘蛛人” （指高空作业人员） company n. 公司 wet adj. 湿的，潮的 interview n. 面试，面谈 drop n. （液体的）滴 communication n. 信息交流；沟通 sweat n. 汗，汗水 skill n. 技能，技巧，技艺 watermelon n. 西瓜 personality n. 个性，性格 remind v. 使想起 require v. 需要（某物） newborn adj. 新生的 organise v. 组织，策划，安排 brush n. 刷子；毛刷 throughout prep. 在整个期间 speech n. 演说，演讲 benefit n. 好处，益处，裨益 challenging adj. 富于挑战性的 leadership n. 领导才能，领导素质 context n. 上下文，语境 training n. 训练，培训 Part 2:课文详解 Staring out teacher driver doctor scientist engineer writer lawyer manager police officer dentist artist librarian worker singer Understanding ideas Saying goodbye to my years up high! 1 Hello, everyone. It's so nice to see you on my last day at work. The past 30 years were filled with both challenges and joys. All my days up high in the air will be kept in my memory. 2 I still remember my first summer as a“spiderman". It was a day much hotter than today! I was wet all over.Drops of sweat fell in my eyes. When I opened them, I saw a juicy watermelon. It was carefully cut into small pieces. A kind woman was smiling brightly at me from inside the building. That was the sweetest watermelon of my life. 3I'm reminded of some other friends I met through the glass. There was this sweet newborn baby. I watched her grow bit by bit. She was always excited when I appeared outside her window. She laughed as her cat tried to“catch”my brush. Later, she drew a picture of me and showed it to me! Happiness passed through the glass and into my heart. One day, her mother held up a note for me: the family was moving. I felt sad, but also happy that we were once friends. 4 Window cleaning is not always considered a good job, but I'll never regret it. I have met a lot of kind people and been part of many warm stories. I found a sense of achievement in my job. 5 Today I am saying goodbye to my job as a“spiderman". And you are going to start your days up in the air. The city shines brighter because of us, and the job will make us shine,too. Best wishes to you all! 1.It’s so nice to do ・含义：___________ ・搭配：It’s so nice to do sth.（后接具体动作，it 作形式主语，真正主语为不定式） ・拓展：同义结构：It’s very good to do sth. / It’s wonderful to do sth.；可替换程度副词：so → really /quite ・例句：It’s so nice to spend time with my family on weekends. 2.cut into small pieces ・含义：___________ ・搭配：cut sth. into small pieces（sth. 为被切割的对象，可直接置于短语后） ・拓展：同类短语：cut into halves（___________）、cut into strips（切成条）； 核心动词 cut 的常见搭配：cut down（___________）、cut off（切断；中断） ・例句：Please cut the apple into small pieces before eating. 3.remind of ・含义：___________；提醒…… 关于…… ・搭配：remind sb. of sth.（提醒某人某事；使某人想起某事） ・拓展：派生词：reminder（n. ___________；提示）；延伸用法：remind sb. to do sth.（___________） ・例句：This old photo reminds me of my childhood. 4.bit by bit ・含义：___________ ・搭配：作状语，修饰动词或整个句子，可置于句首或句末 ・拓展：同义短语：little by little、gradually ・例句：Bit by bit, he learned to play the piano well. 5.pass through ・含义：___________ ・搭配：pass through + 地点名词（穿过某地）；pass through + 阶段 / 时期（经历某个阶段） ・拓展：pass 相关短语：pass by（___________）、pass away（___________）、pass on（传递；转交） ・例句：The road passes through a small village. 6.consider ・含义：___________；___________ ・搭配：consider doing sth.（___________）；consider sb./sth. (as) sth.（把某人 / 某物看作……） ・拓展：派生词：consideration（n.___________）、considerate（adj. ___________）； 同义动词：think about（考虑）、regard（认为） ・例句：I’m considering going to Beijing for my holiday. 7.a sense of achievement ・含义：___________ ・搭配：have a strong sense of achievement（有强烈的成就感） ・拓展：“a sense of + 名词” 同类短语：a sense of humor（_________）、a sense of direction（_________）、 a sense of responsibility（___________） ・例句：Finishing the difficult task gave me a strong sense of achievement. 8.make us shine ・含义：___________；使我们脱颖而出 ・搭配：make sb. do sth.（使某人做某事，shine 为不带 to 的不定式） ・拓展：核心动词 shine 的词性拓展：vi.（发光；闪耀）、vt.（擦亮）； 常见搭配：shine brightly（___________）、shine the shoes（擦鞋） ・例句：Hard work and confidence can make us shine in any situation. 9.重要短语 on my last day smile brightly be filled with hold up both... and... say good bye to Task 7-----p7 1. interview • 含义：___________ • 搭配：job interview（求职面试）；have an interview with sb.（与某人面谈） • 拓展：派生词：interviewer（n. ___________）、interviewee（n. ___________）； 同根动词：interview（v. 采访；面试） • 例句：She prepared carefully for the job interview. 1. communication • 含义：___________不可数名词 • 搭配：effective communication（有效沟通）；communication with sb.（与某人的沟通） • 拓展：派生词：communicate（v. 沟通）→ communicative（adj. ___________） • 例句：Good communication is important for teamwork. 1. skill • 含义：___________ • 搭配：practical skills（___________）；develop skills（___________） • 拓展：复数形式：skills（常用）；同义替换：technique（侧重技术技巧） • 例句：He has excellent computer skills. 1. personality • 含义：___________ • 搭配：outgoing personality（___________）；a strong personality（鲜明的个性） • 拓展：不可数名词；派生词：personal（adj. ___________） • 例句：Her warm personality makes her popular. 1. require • 含义：___________ • 搭配：require sth.（需要某物）；require sb. to do sth.（___________） • 拓展：派生词：requirement（n. ___________）；同义替换：need（侧重客观需求） • 例句：This job requires patience and carefulness. 1. organise • 含义：___________ • 搭配：organise an event（组织一场活动）；organise one’s time（安排时间） • 拓展：派生词：organisation（n. ___________）；organiser（n. ___________） • 例句：She volunteered to organise the school charity sale. 1. throughout • 含义：prep. ___________；adv. 自始至终 • 搭配：throughout the year（一整年）；throughout the country（___________） • 拓展：同义短语：all through（时间）、all over（地点） • 例句：She remained calm throughout the interview. 1. benefit • 含义：n. ___________；v. 有益于，受益 • 搭配：the benefit of sth.（___________）；benefit from sth.（___________） • 拓展：派生词：beneficial（adj. ___________）；同义替换：advantage（n. 优势） • 例句：Regular exercise has many health benefits. 1. leadership • 含义：___________；不可数名词 • 搭配：strong leadership（出色的领导才能）；under sb.’s leadership（___________） • 拓展：派生词：leader（n. ___________） • 例句：The team needs someone with good leadership. 1. training • 含义：___________ • 搭配：receive training（接受培训）；professional training（___________） • 拓展：派生词：train（v. ___________）→ trainer（n. ___________） • 例句：New employees will go through a three-week training. 【即学即用】 一、词汇变形 1．create（v. 创造；制作）→ ____________（n. 创造）/____________（adj. 有创造力的） 3．cut（v. 切割）→ ____________（过去式）/____________（过去分词） 4．remind（v. 提醒；使想起）→ ____________（n. 提醒物；提示） 5．pass（v. 通过；经过）→ ____________（n. 通道；段落）/____________（过去式 / 过去分词） 6．consider（v. 考虑；认为）→ ____________（n. 考虑；体谅）/____________（adj. 体贴的） 7．achieve（v. 实现；达成）→ ____________（n. 成就）→ a sense of ____________（成就感） 8．shine（v. 发光；闪耀）→ ____________（过去式 / 过去分词）/____________（adj. 闪亮的） 9．interview（n. 面试；采访）→ ____________（n. 面试官；采访者）/____________（n. 面试者） 10．communicate（v. 沟通；交流）→ ____________（n. 沟通；交流）/__________（adj. 善于沟通的） 11．skill（n. 技能）→ ____________（adj. 熟练的；有技能的）/____________（adj. 灵巧的；熟练的） 12．person（n. 人）→ ____________（adj. 个人的）→ ____________（n. 个性；性格） 13．require（v. 需要；要求）→ ____________（n. 要求；必要条件） 14．organise（v. 组织；策划）→ ____________（n. 组织；机构）/____________（n. 组织者） 15．benefit（n. 好处；v. 受益）→ ____________（adj. 有益的） 16．leader（n. 领导者）→ ____________（n. 领导才能；领导地位） 17．train（v. 训练；培训）→ ____________（n. 训练；培训）/____________（n. 培训师） 二. 语法填空 1．She is a ____________（create）designer who always has new ideas.（adj. 有创造力的） 2．We need to take his advice into ____________（consider）.（n. 考虑） 3．Good ____________（communicate）is the key to a happy relationship.（n. 沟通） 4．The ____________（interview）asked some difficult questions during the meeting.（n. 面试官） 5．Regular exercise is ____________（benefit）to our health.（adj. 有益的） 6．He has many ____________（skill）in solving problems.（n. 技能，复数） 7．The company provides ____________（train）for new employees.（n. 培训） 8．Her ____________（person）makes her easy to get along with.（n. 个性） 9．The ____________（remind）on the phone helped me not to forget the meeting.（n. 提醒物） 10．He is ____________（interest）in playing basketball.（adj. 感兴趣的） 三. 选择括号内单词的正确形式填空 1．The film is so ____________（interesting / interested）that many people want to watch it again. 2．She spent three years in the ____________（organisation / organise）of the event. 3．As a ____________（leader / leadership）, he should have strong ____________（leadership / leading）. 4．The ____________（trainer / training）is very experienced and teaches well. 5．We must meet the ____________（require / requirements）of the job before applying. 6．The ____________（interviewee / interviewer）prepared a lot for the ____________（interview / interviewing）. 7．His ____________（achieve / achievements）in science are widely praised. 8．The sun ____________（shone / shiny）brightly yesterday, so we went for a picnic. 9．He is a ____________（considerate / consideration）person who always cares about others. 10．The ____________（communicative / communication）student can make friends easily. Part 3: 语法突破 被动语态 （一）被动语态的核心概念 被动语态表示 主语是动作的承受者，强调 “被做” 而非 “谁做”， 核心结构永远是：be 动词 + 及物动词的过去分词（done） （二）一般现在时被动语态 适用场景：描述经常性、习惯性的被动动作，或客观事实、普遍规律。 结构公式：am /is/are + 过去分词（done） a.单数主语（he/she/it/ 单数名词）→ is + done b.复数主语（we/you/they/ 复数名词）→ are + done c.I → am + done；you → are + done 例句： a.Rice is grown in the south of China.（水稻在中国南方被种植。→ 客观事实） b.The classroom is cleaned every day.（教室每天被打扫。→ 习惯性动作） （三）一般将来时被动语态 适用场景：描述未来将要发生的被动动作。 结构公式： 0. will be + 过去分词（done）（通用型，最常用） 0. am /is/are going to be + 过去分词（done）（强调 “计划 / 打算” 的被动） 例句： a.The new library will be built next year.（新图书馆将于明年被建成。） b.The letters are going to be sent tomorrow.（这些信件计划明天被寄出。） （四）主动变被动（一般现在时 / 将来时）步骤 主动句宾语 → 被动句主语 主动句谓语 → 对应时态的被动结构（am/is/are + done 或 will be + done） 主动句主语 → by + 宾语（可省略，强调 “谁做” 时保留） 例 1（一般现在时）： 主动：People use computers in many ways. → 被动：Computers are used in many ways (by people). 例 2（一般将来时）： 主动：We will hold a party this weekend. → 被动：A party will be held this weekend (by us). 【即学即用】 一、根据原形写过去分词 1.work → _______ 2. clean → _______ 3. try → _______ 4. stop → _______ 5.do → _______ 6. go → _______ 7. take → _______ 8. make → _______ 9.have → _______ 10. hear → _______ 11. begin → _______12. eat → _______ 13.speak → _______14. write → _______15. find → _______ 16. forget → _______ 17.put → _______ 18. cut → _______ 19. know → _______ 20. wear → _______ 二、用括号内动词的过去分词填空 (1) English ____________ (speak) in many countries.（一般现在时） (2) The homework _____________ (finish) before 5 o’clock tomorrow.（一般将来时） (3) These books _____________ (send) to the children in poor areas next month.（一般将来时） (4) Vegetables ____________ (grow) in my grandma’s garden every year.（一般现在时） (5) The old house _____________ (pull) down next week.（一般将来时） (6) Letters ______________ (deliver) by postmen every day.（一般现在时） 三、被动语态单选 (1) Many trees ______ in our city every spring. A. plant B. are planted C. will be planted D. planted (2) A new park ______ in our neighborhood next year. A. will build B. is built C. will be built D. builds (3) The rules ______ to keep us safe. A. make B. are made C. will make D. made (4) — When ______ the meeting ______? — Next Monday. A. will; hold B. is; held C. will; be held D. does; hold (5) Paper ______ from wood. A. is made B. will be made C. makes D. made (6) The sports meeting ______ because of the bad weather. We have to wait. A. cancels B. is canceled C. will be canceled D. canceled Part 4: 当堂检测 一、根据提示写出正确形式 1．The kind woman’s smile brought me a lot of ____________（happy）. 2．He showed great ____________（create）in solving the difficult problem. 3．The ____________（consider）neighbor always helps others when they are in need. 4．After years of hard work, she finally achieved her ____________（achieve）. 5．Clear ____________（communicate）is very important in daily life. 6．The job ____________（require）a lot of patience and carefulness. 7．She spent a month ____________（organise）the charity event. 8．Regular exercise is ____________（benefit）to our health. 9．The team needs a leader with strong ____________（leadership）. 10．New workers must receive professional ____________（train）before starting the job. 二、选词填空（从方框中选择合适的词，并用其适当形式填空，每词限用一次） pass, consider, personality, training, communicate, remind, cut, shine, benefit, skill 1．The old photo ____________ me of my happy childhood. 2．Please ____________ the cake into small pieces before serving. 3．Time ____________ quickly when we are busy with interesting things. 4．Window cleaning is not always ____________ a good job, but it’s meaningful. 5．The sun ____________ brightly yesterday, making the city warm. 6．We can ____________ a lot from reading good books. 7．He has excellent computer ____________ and can fix many problems. 8．Her friendly ____________ makes her popular among all classmates. 9．The new employees will go through a two-week ____________. 10．We need to ____________ with each other more to avoid misunderstandings. 三、根据汉语意思填空（用短文 / 词汇表中的核心短语或词汇填空） 1．It’s so nice ____________（见到你）on my first day at school. 2．The bottle ____________（装满）water, so please be careful. 3．She learned to play the piano ____________（一点一点地）. 4．The light ____________（穿过）the window and 照亮了整个房间. 5．Finishing the project gave me ____________（一种成就感）. 6．Hard work and confidence can ____________（让我们闪闪发光）in any situation. 7．He ____________（举起）a note and showed it to the teacher. 8．The story happened ____________（在整个期间）of his stay in Beijing. 9．We should ____________（向…… 告别）our bad habits and start a new life. 10．The job ____________（需要）us to work hard and cooperate with others. 四、完形填空 Robots can take the place of bank clerks, shop assistants, etc. Will robots take the place of 1 ? Some people think this could happen in the next 10 years. If robots take teachers’ place, it may 2 in Japan first. Japan shows the greatest interest in robots. A 3 robot from the Gundam TV plays is now walking in a park in Tokyo. There is already a robot teacher named Saya teaching in a middle school in 4 . A professor from the University of Tokyo 5 her. Saya knows many kinds of languages and she 6 a human. She can teach students, look after them, and 7 humans’ feelings including sadness, fear, anger, disagreement, surprise and happiness. She can also give out homework. Instead of having a personal computer and a notebook by our side, will we soon have a personal robot? This is the government’s hope in Japan. Much 8 has been used to invent robots in Japan. The government hopes robots will help the country take care of the 9 people. It also hopes robots will help people learn English 10 . Would you like to learn English from a robot? Do you think children in the future will have personal robots at home? 1. A．workers B．teachers C．doctors D．policemen 2. A．travel B．make C．happen D．bring 3. A．great B．boring C．sad D．bad 4. A．China B．Japan C．England D．America 5. A．created B．liked C．taught D．helped 6. A．looks like B．looks at C．looks after D．looks for 7. A．buy B．sell C．understand D．touch 8. A．money B．pollution C．water D．environment 9. A．tired B．old C．happy D．rich 10. A．well B．good C．hard D．hardly 五、语法填空 Katie DeWitt is a high school student in Washington, US. She loves flying planes. At just 14, she took her 1 (one) flight (飞行) in a small plane. It was a little scary at the very beginning, but once she was in the air, she loved it. “I saw everything up there! 2 an amazing experience!” she said. Katie is part of a programme (计划). It teaches young people how to be pilots (飞行员). Another student, Evie Nesselrode, is also in the programme. Although they go to different schools, they learn to fly together. They become good friends and form 3 strong relationship. In this programme, Katie and Evie learn about many subjects like physics (物理学) and maths. Maths is really important for pilots! They use it to know how heavy the plane is, how fast it is flying, and how long it will take to land. They learn these things to make sure every flight is safe. Katie and Evie never get tired 4 learning them. In fact, they enjoy it so much when they see and feel their own 5 (improve). They find they become even 6 (organized) than before. Katie and Evie don’t just study in the classroom. They also practise flying real planes in the air. After flying for 30 hours with a teacher, they will be able 7 (fly) on their own. Katie and Evie both dream of 8 (become) real pilots one day. They know it takes hard work, but they are ready to try 9 (they) best. “We have really big goals, and we 10 (work) harder for them in the coming days. I have confidence that we can achieve them,” Katie said. “Anyway, not many people get the chance to fly.” 六、任务型读写 At the age of 40, Sanders ran a gas station (加油站) in Kentucky. To support his family, he began to cook and sell meals to travelers. He became famous in the area for cooking delicious meals like fried chicken. A few years later, he set up his first restaurant. Sanders kept improving his fried chicken. In 1939, he created a method of cooking chicken by using a pressure cooker (高压锅). His new method cut down on grease (油脂) and gave chicken a better taste. In 1952, Sanders began his fried chicken business. His first franchise sale went to Pete Harman. Pete Harman sold Sanders’ chicken in his restaurant in Salt Lake City and named it “Kentucky Fried Chicken”. Later, Sanders sold his own restaurant, traveled across the country, and cooked chicken from restaurant to restaurant. He made sure to get a nickel (五分钱) for every chicken the restaurants sold. Now, his face is a part of the KFC brand. 1．What did Sanders begin to do to support his family? 2．Why did he become famous in the area? 3．When did Sanders start to use a pressure cooker to cook chicken? 4．Who gave the name of “Kentucky Fried Chicken”? 5．Do you like KFC? Why or why not? 七、短文还原 The 17th Summer Paralympics (残奥会) ended on September 8 in Paris. 1 They won 94 gold medals (金牌), 76 silver, and 50 bronze. Every medal has an inspiring (激励人心的) story behind it. One story is of Guo Jincheng. He was born in 2001. At the age of six, he lost both arms in an accident. 2 Guo taught himself to eat and write using his feet. He believed that whatever hands could do, feet could do as well. In 2012, Guo Jincheng joined the swimming team of Hebei. 3 But he was not afraid to try. Surprisingly, he was able to swim in just three days. However, to become a good swimmer, he knew he had to work harder. He spent about six hours swimming each day. 4 At the beginning, Guo Jincheng was behind other swimmers in the pool, learning from them. 5 He felt really glad. “In the pool, I was reborn (重生),” Guo said happily. At the Paris Paralympics this year, Guo Jincheng brought home four gold and two silver medals. A．In the evening, he studied videos of top swimmers in the world to improve himself. B．Slowly, he could swim faster than them. C．At first, he couldn’t swim at all. D．Everyone liked him. E．And the Chinese team performed truly well. F．But this did not stop him from following his dream. 八、阅读理解 What will our life be like in 50 years? No one knows the answer exactly, but we are sure that it will be very different from the life today. My brother Jill White makes some predictions. Here are some of his ideas. First, people will have less work to do, and robots will do most work. People will use robots to make cars, do the housework, look after sick people and teach students. People will spend most of their time doing sports and going on vacations. So people will become stronger and healthier, and they will live to be about 200 years old. Second, cars will become very small and computers will control their speed. So there will be fewer accidents on the road. Planes will be very popular, and most people would like to take them to go on a vacation. Third, people will be able to live in the sea, on the Moon or on Mars. The Earth won’t be crowded or noisy. So there will be much space for people to plant trees. There will be less pollution, and the air will become much fresher. Finally, water shortage will become one of the most serious problems. If people don’t save water now, there will be water wars in 50 years. 1．Jill White thinks that in 50 years robots will help to do the following things EXCEPT ________. A．driving cars B．teaching students C．doing the housework D．looking after sick people 2．What will most people go on a vacation in 50 years according to the passage? A．By car. B．By plane. C．By train. D．By bike. 3．What can we know from the passage? A．People won’t need to work in 50 years. B．Every family will have a car in 50 years. C．Computers will control the cars’ speed in 50 years. D．The earth will become crowded and noisy in 50 years. 4．What’s the passage mainly about? A．The robots in 50 years. B．The life in 50 years. C．The schools in 50 years. D．The cars in 50 years. 5．Which of the following is the structure of the passage? A．①②③④/⑤ B．①/②③④/⑤ C．①②/③④/⑤ D．①/②③④⑤ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $第01讲 Unit1 Career Talks Part 1: 单词预习 英文 词性 中文 英文 词性 中文 spiderman n. “蜘蛛人” （指高空作业人员） company n. 公司 wet adj. 湿的，潮的 interview n. 面试，面谈 drop n. （液体的）滴 communication n. 信息交流；沟通 sweat n. 汗，汗水 skill n. 技能，技巧，技艺 watermelon n. 西瓜 personality n. 个性，性格 remind v. 使想起 require v. 需要（某物） newborn adj. 新生的 organise v. 组织，策划，安排 brush n. 刷子；毛刷 throughout prep. 在整个期间 speech n. 演说，演讲 benefit n. 好处，益处，裨益 challenging adj. 富于挑战性的 leadership n. 领导才能，领导素质 context n. 上下文，语境 training n. 训练，培训 Part 2:课文详解 Staring out teacher driver doctor scientist engineer writer lawyer manager police officer dentist artist librarian worker singer Understanding ideas Saying goodbye to my years up high! 1 Hello, everyone. It's so nice to see you on my last day at work. The past 30 years were filled with both challenges and joys. All my days up high in the air will be kept in my memory. 2 I still remember my first summer as a“spiderman". It was a day much hotter than today! I was wet all over.Drops of sweat fell in my eyes. When I opened them, I saw a juicy watermelon. It was carefully cut into small pieces. A kind woman was smiling brightly at me from inside the building. That was the sweetest watermelon of my life. 3I'm reminded of some other friends I met through the glass. There was this sweet newborn baby. I watched her grow bit by bit. She was always excited when I appeared outside her window. She laughed as her cat tried to“catch”my brush. Later, she drew a picture of me and showed it to me! Happiness passed through the glass and into my heart. One day, her mother held up a note for me: the family was moving. I felt sad, but also happy that we were once friends. 4 Window cleaning is not always considered a good job, but I'll never regret it. I have met a lot of kind people and been part of many warm stories. I found a sense of achievement in my job. 5 Today I am saying goodbye to my job as a“spiderman". And you are going to start your days up in the air. The city shines brighter because of us, and the job will make us shine,too. Best wishes to you all! 1.It’s so nice to do ・含义：做某事是非常好的 / 做某事真是太棒了 ・搭配：It’s so nice to do sth.（后接具体动作，it 作形式主语，真正主语为不定式） ・拓展：同义结构：It’s very good to do sth. / It’s wonderful to do sth.；可替换程度副词：so → really /quite ・例句：It’s so nice to spend time with my family on weekends.（周末和家人共度时光真是太好了。） 2.cut into small pieces ・含义：把…… 切成小块 ・搭配：cut sth. into small pieces（sth. 为被切割的对象，可直接置于短语后） ・拓展：同类短语：cut into halves（切成两半）、cut into strips（切成条）； 核心动词 cut 的常见搭配：cut down（砍倒；削减）、cut off（切断；中断） ・例句：Please cut the apple into small pieces before eating.（吃之前请把苹果切成小块。） 3.remind of ・含义：使…… 想起；提醒…… 关于…… ・搭配：remind sb. of sth.（提醒某人某事；使某人想起某事） ・拓展：派生词：reminder（n. 提醒物；提示）；延伸用法：remind sb. to do sth.（提醒某人做某事） ・例句：This old photo reminds me of my childhood.（这张旧照片让我想起了我的童年。） 4.bit by bit ・含义：一点一点地；逐渐地 ・搭配：作状语，修饰动词或整个句子，可置于句首或句末 ・拓展：同义短语：little by little、gradually ・例句：Bit by bit, he learned to play the piano well.（他一点一点地学会了弹好钢琴。） 5.pass through ・含义：穿过；通过（某个地方或阶段） ・搭配：pass through + 地点名词（穿过某地）；pass through + 阶段 / 时期（经历某个阶段） ・拓展：pass 相关短语：pass by（路过；经过）、pass away（去世；消逝）、pass on（传递；转交） ・例句：The road passes through a small village.（这条路穿过一个小村庄。） 6.consider ・含义：考虑；认为；把…… 看作 ・搭配：consider doing sth.（考虑做某事）；consider sb./sth. (as) sth.（把某人 / 某物看作……） ・拓展：派生词：consideration（n. 考虑；体谅）、considerate（adj. 体贴的；考虑周到的）； 同义动词：think about（考虑）、regard（认为） ・例句：I’m considering going to Beijing for my holiday.（我正在考虑去北京度假。） 7.a sense of achievement ・含义：成就感 ・搭配：have a strong sense of achievement（有强烈的成就感） ・拓展：“a sense of + 名词” 同类短语：a sense of humor（幽默感）、a sense of direction（方向感）、 a sense of responsibility（责任感） ・例句：Finishing the difficult task gave me a strong sense of achievement.（完成这项艰巨的任务给了我强烈的成就感。） 8.make us shine ・含义：让我们闪闪发光；使我们脱颖而出 ・搭配：make sb. do sth.（使某人做某事，shine 为不带 to 的不定式） ・拓展：核心动词 shine 的词性拓展：vi.（发光；闪耀）、vt.（擦亮）； 常见搭配：shine brightly（明亮地闪耀）、shine the shoes（擦鞋） ・例句：Hard work and confidence can make us shine in any situation.（努力和自信能让我们在任何情况下都闪闪发光。） 9.重要短语 on my last day smile brightly be filled with hold up both... and... say good bye to Task 7-----p7 1. interview • 含义：面试，面谈；采访 • 搭配：job interview（求职面试）；have an interview with sb.（与某人面谈） • 拓展：派生词：interviewer（n. 面试官）、interviewee（n. 面试者）；同根动词：interview（v. 采访；面试） • 例句：She prepared carefully for the job interview.（她为求职面试做了充分准备。） 1. communication • 含义：信息交流；沟通 • 搭配：effective communication（有效沟通）；communication with sb.（与某人的沟通） • 拓展：派生词：communicate（v. 沟通）→ communicative（adj. 善于沟通的）；不可数名词 • 例句：Good communication is important for teamwork.（良好的沟通对团队合作很重要。） 1. skill • 含义：技能，技巧 • 搭配：practical skills（实用技能）；develop skills（培养技能） • 拓展：复数形式：skills（常用）；同义替换：technique（侧重技术技巧） • 例句：He has excellent computer skills.（他有出色的电脑技能。） 1. personality • 含义：个性，性格 • 搭配：outgoing personality（外向的性格）；a strong personality（鲜明的个性） • 拓展：不可数名词；派生词：personal（adj. 个人的） • 例句：Her warm personality makes her popular.（她热情的性格让她很受欢迎。） 1. require • 含义：需要；要求 • 搭配：require sth.（需要某物）；require sb. to do sth.（要求某人做某事） • 拓展：派生词：requirement（n. 要求）；同义替换：need（侧重客观需求） • 例句：This job requires patience and carefulness.（这份工作需要耐心和细心。） 1. organise • 含义：组织，策划 • 搭配：organise an event（组织一场活动）；organise one’s time（安排时间） • 拓展：派生词：organisation（n. 组织）；organiser（n. 组织者） • 例句：She volunteered to organise the school charity sale.（她自愿组织学校的慈善义卖。） 1. throughout • 含义：prep. 在整个期间；遍及；adv. 自始至终 • 搭配：throughout the year（一整年）；throughout the country（遍及全国） • 拓展：同义短语：all through（时间）、all over（地点） • 例句：She remained calm throughout the interview.（她在整个面试过程中都保持冷静。） 1. benefit • 含义：n. 好处，益处；v. 有益于，受益 • 搭配：the benefit of sth.（某物的好处）；benefit from sth.（从某物中受益） • 拓展：派生词：beneficial（adj. 有益的）；同义替换：advantage（n. 优势） • 例句：Regular exercise has many health benefits.（规律运动对健康有很多好处。） 1. leadership • 含义：领导才能；领导地位 • 搭配：strong leadership（出色的领导才能）；under sb.’s leadership（在某人的领导下） • 拓展：派生词：leader（n. 领导者）；不可数名词 • 例句：The team needs someone with good leadership.（这个团队需要一个有良好领导才能的人。） 1. training • 含义：训练，培训 • 搭配：receive training（接受培训）；professional training（专业培训） • 拓展：派生词：train（v. 训练）→ trainer（n. 培训师）；不可数名词 • 例句：New employees will go through a three-week training.（新员工将接受为期三周的培训。） 【即学即用】 一、词汇变形 1．create（v. 创造；制作）→ ____________（n. 创造）/____________（adj. 有创造力的） 3．cut（v. 切割）→ ____________（过去式）/____________（过去分词） 4．remind（v. 提醒；使想起）→ ____________（n. 提醒物；提示） 5．pass（v. 通过；经过）→ ____________（n. 通道；段落）/____________（过去式 / 过去分词） 6．consider（v. 考虑；认为）→ ____________（n. 考虑；体谅）/____________（adj. 体贴的） 7．achieve（v. 实现；达成）→ ____________（n. 成就）→ a sense of ____________（成就感） 8．shine（v. 发光；闪耀）→ ____________（过去式 / 过去分词）/____________（adj. 闪亮的） 9．interview（n. 面试；采访）→ ____________（n. 面试官；采访者）/____________（n. 面试者） 10．communicate（v. 沟通；交流）→ ____________（n. 沟通；交流）/__________（adj. 善于沟通的） 11．skill（n. 技能）→ ____________（adj. 熟练的；有技能的）/____________（adj. 灵巧的；熟练的） 12．person（n. 人）→ ____________（adj. 个人的）→ ____________（n. 个性；性格） 13．require（v. 需要；要求）→ ____________（n. 要求；必要条件） 14．organise（v. 组织；策划）→ ____________（n. 组织；机构）/____________（n. 组织者） 15．benefit（n. 好处；v. 受益）→ ____________（adj. 有益的） 16．leader（n. 领导者）→ ____________（n. 领导才能；领导地位） 17．train（v. 训练；培训）→ ____________（n. 训练；培训）/____________（n. 培训师） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【答案】 1．creation；creative 3．cut；cut 4．reminder 5．passage；passed 6．consideration；considerate 7．achievement；achievement 8．shone；shiny 9．interviewer；interviewee 10．communication；communicative 11．skilled；skillful 12．personal；personality 13．requirement 14．organisation；organiser 15．beneficial 16．leadership 17．training；trainer 更多精品资料关注公众号：读好书优学社 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 二. 语法填空 1．She is a ____________（create）designer who always has new ideas.（adj. 有创造力的） 2．We need to take his advice into ____________（consider）.（n. 考虑） 3．Good ____________（communicate）is the key to a happy relationship.（n. 沟通） 4．The ____________（interview）asked some difficult questions during the meeting.（n. 面试官） 5．Regular exercise is ____________（benefit）to our health.（adj. 有益的） 6．He has many ____________（skill）in solving problems.（n. 技能，复数） 7．The company provides ____________（train）for new employees.（n. 培训） 8．Her ____________（person）makes her easy to get along with.（n. 个性） 9．The ____________（remind）on the phone helped me not to forget the meeting.（n. 提醒物） 10．He is ____________（interest）in playing basketball.（adj. 感兴趣的） 【答案】 1．creative 2．consideration 3．communication 4．interviewer 5．beneficial 6．skills 7．training 8．personality 9．reminder 10．interested 三. 选择括号内单词的正确形式填空 1．The film is so ____________（interesting / interested）that many people want to watch it again. 2．She spent three years in the ____________（organisation / organise）of the event. 3．As a ____________（leader / leadership）, he should have strong ____________（leadership / leading）. 4．The ____________（trainer / training）is very experienced and teaches well. 5．We must meet the ____________（require / requirements）of the job before applying. 6．The ____________（interviewee / interviewer）prepared a lot for the ____________（interview / interviewing）. 7．His ____________（achieve / achievements）in science are widely praised. 8．The sun ____________（shone / shiny）brightly yesterday, so we went for a picnic. 9．He is a ____________（considerate / consideration）person who always cares about others. 10．The ____________（communicative / communication）student can make friends easily. 【答案】1．interesting 2．organisation 3．leader；leadership 4．trainer 5．requirements 6．interviewee；interview 7．achievements 8．shone 9．considerate 10．communicative Part 3: 语法突破 被动语态 （一）被动语态的核心概念 被动语态表示 主语是动作的承受者，强调 “被做” 而非 “谁做”， 核心结构永远是：be 动词 + 及物动词的过去分词（done） （二）一般现在时被动语态 适用场景：描述经常性、习惯性的被动动作，或客观事实、普遍规律。 结构公式：am /is/are + 过去分词（done） a.单数主语（he/she/it/ 单数名词）→ is + done b.复数主语（we/you/they/ 复数名词）→ are + done c.I → am + done；you → are + done 例句： a.Rice is grown in the south of China.（水稻在中国南方被种植。→ 客观事实） b.The classroom is cleaned every day.（教室每天被打扫。→ 习惯性动作） （三）一般将来时被动语态 适用场景：描述未来将要发生的被动动作。 结构公式： 0. will be + 过去分词（done）（通用型，最常用） 0. am /is/are going to be + 过去分词（done）（强调 “计划 / 打算” 的被动） 例句： a.The new library will be built next year.（新图书馆将于明年被建成。） b.The letters are going to be sent tomorrow.（这些信件计划明天被寄出。） （四）主动变被动（一般现在时 / 将来时）步骤 主动句宾语 → 被动句主语 主动句谓语 → 对应时态的被动结构（am/is/are + done 或 will be + done） 主动句主语 → by + 宾语（可省略，强调 “谁做” 时保留） 例 1（一般现在时）： 主动：People use computers in many ways. → 被动：Computers are used in many ways (by people). 例 2（一般将来时）： 主动：We will hold a party this weekend. → 被动：A party will be held this weekend (by us). 【即学即用】 一、根据原形写过去分词 1.work → _______ 2. clean → _______ 3. try → _______ 4. stop → _______ 5.do → _______ 6. go → _______ 7. take → _______ 8. make → _______ 9.have → _______ 10. hear → _______ 11. begin → _______12. eat → _______ 13.speak → _______14. write → _______15. find → _______ 16. forget → _______ 17.put → _______ 18. cut → _______ 19. know → _______ 20. wear → _______ 【答案】 1.worked 2. cleaned 3. tried 4. stopped 5. done 6. gone 7. taken 8. made 9.had 10. heard 11. begun 12. eaten 13. spoken 14. written 15. found 16. forgotten 17.put 18. cut 19. known 20. worn 二、用括号内动词的过去分词填空 (1) English ____________ (speak) in many countries.（一般现在时） (2) The homework _____________ (finish) before 5 o’clock tomorrow.（一般将来时） (3) These books _____________ (send) to the children in poor areas next month.（一般将来时） (4) Vegetables ____________ (grow) in my grandma’s garden every year.（一般现在时） (5) The old house _____________ (pull) down next week.（一般将来时） (6) Letters ______________ (deliver) by postmen every day.（一般现在时） 【答案】(1) is spoken (2) will be finished (3) will be sent (4) are grown (5) will be pulled (6) are delivered 三、被动语态单选 (1) Many trees ______ in our city every spring. A. plant B. are planted C. will be planted D. planted (2) A new park ______ in our neighborhood next year. A. will build B. is built C. will be built D. builds (3) The rules ______ to keep us safe. A. make B. are made C. will make D. made (4) — When ______ the meeting ______? — Next Monday. A. will; hold B. is; held C. will; be held D. does; hold (5) Paper ______ from wood. A. is made B. will be made C. makes D. made (6) The sports meeting ______ because of the bad weather. We have to wait. A. cancels B. is canceled C. will be canceled D. canceled 【答案】 (1) B（一般现在时被动：are + planted，every spring 提示经常性动作） (2) C（一般将来时被动：will be + built，next year 提示未来） (3) B（一般现在时被动：are + made，描述客观规则） (4) C（一般将来时被动：will be + held，next Monday 提示未来，meeting 是 “被举办”） (5) A（一般现在时被动：is + made，客观事实 “纸由木头制成”） (6) C（一般将来时被动：will be + canceled，“因坏天气将被取消”） Part 4: 当堂检测 一、根据提示写出正确形式 1．The kind woman’s smile brought me a lot of ____________（happy）. 2．He showed great ____________（create）in solving the difficult problem. 3．The ____________（consider）neighbor always helps others when they are in need. 4．After years of hard work, she finally achieved her ____________（achieve）. 5．Clear ____________（communicate）is very important in daily life. 6．The job ____________（require）a lot of patience and carefulness. 7．She spent a month ____________（organise）the charity event. 8．Regular exercise is ____________（benefit）to our health. 9．The team needs a leader with strong ____________（leadership）. 10．New workers must receive professional ____________（train）before starting the job. 【答案】 1．happiness 2．creation 3．considerate 4．achievement 5．communication 6．requires 7．organising 8．beneficial 9．leadership 10．training 二、选词填空（从方框中选择合适的词，并用其适当形式填空，每词限用一次） pass, consider, personality, training, communicate, remind, cut, shine, benefit, skill 1．The old photo ____________ me of my happy childhood. 2．Please ____________ the cake into small pieces before serving. 3．Time ____________ quickly when we are busy with interesting things. 4．Window cleaning is not always ____________ a good job, but it’s meaningful. 5．The sun ____________ brightly yesterday, making the city warm. 6．We can ____________ a lot from reading good books. 7．He has excellent computer ____________ and can fix many problems. 8．Her friendly ____________ makes her popular among all classmates. 9．The new employees will go through a two-week ____________. 10．We need to ____________ with each other more to avoid misunderstandings. 【答案】1．reminds 2．cut 3．passes 4．considered 5．shone 6．benefit 7．skills 8．personality 9．training 10．communicate 三、根据汉语意思填空（用短文 / 词汇表中的核心短语或词汇填空） 1．It’s so nice ____________（见到你）on my first day at school. 2．The bottle ____________（装满）water, so please be careful. 3．She learned to play the piano ____________（一点一点地）. 4．The light ____________（穿过）the window and 照亮了整个房间. 5．Finishing the project gave me ____________（一种成就感）. 6．Hard work and confidence can ____________（让我们闪闪发光）in any situation. 7．He ____________（举起）a note and showed it to the teacher. 8．The story happened ____________（在整个期间）of his stay in Beijing. 9．We should ____________（向…… 告别）our bad habits and start a new life. 10．The job ____________（需要）us to work hard and cooperate with others. 【答案】1．to see you 2．is filled with 3．bit by bit 4．passes through 5．a sense of achievement 6．make us shine 7．held up 8．throughout 9．say goodbye to 10．requires 四、完形填空 Robots can take the place of bank clerks, shop assistants, etc. Will robots take the place of 1 ? Some people think this could happen in the next 10 years. If robots take teachers’ place, it may 2 in Japan first. Japan shows the greatest interest in robots. A 3 robot from the Gundam TV plays is now walking in a park in Tokyo. There is already a robot teacher named Saya teaching in a middle school in 4 . A professor from the University of Tokyo 5 her. Saya knows many kinds of languages and she 6 a human. She can teach students, look after them, and 7 humans’ feelings including sadness, fear, anger, disagreement, surprise and happiness. She can also give out homework. Instead of having a personal computer and a notebook by our side, will we soon have a personal robot? This is the government’s hope in Japan. Much 8 has been used to invent robots in Japan. The government hopes robots will help the country take care of the 9 people. It also hopes robots will help people learn English 10 . Would you like to learn English from a robot? Do you think children in the future will have personal robots at home? 1. A．workers B．teachers C．doctors D．policemen 2. A．travel B．make C．happen D．bring 3. A．great B．boring C．sad D．bad 4. A．China B．Japan C．England D．America 5. A．created B．liked C．taught D．helped 6. A．looks like B．looks at C．looks after D．looks for 7. A．buy B．sell C．understand D．touch 8. A．money B．pollution C．water D．environment 9. A．tired B．old C．happy D．rich 10. A．well B．good C．hard D．hardly 【答案】 1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．A 6．A 7．C 8．A 9．B 10．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲了机器人未来可能取代教师，并以日本为例介绍了机器人教师的发展现状和应用前景。 1．句意：机器人可以取代银行职员、店员等。机器人会取代老师吗？ workers工人；teachers老师；doctors医生；policemen警察。根据“If robots take teachers’ place”可知，此处是在探讨机器人是否会取代老师，故选B。 2．句意：如果机器人取代老师，这种情况可能会首先在日本发生。 travel旅行；make制作；happen发生；bring带来。根据“Japan shows the greatest interest in robots”可知，日本对机器人的关注度最高，所以这种情况可能会先在日本发生，故选C。 3．句意：一个出自《高达》电视剧的很棒的机器人现在正在东京的一个公园里行走。 great很棒的；boring无聊的；sad难过的；bad糟糕的。根据“A...robot from the Gundam TV plays is now walking in a park in Tokyo.”及后文对机器人的描述可知，这个机器人是受关注的、很棒的，没有提及负面属性，故选A。 4．句意：已经有一个名叫Saya的机器人老师在日本的一所中学任教。 China中国；Japan日本；England英国；America美国。根据“it may happen in Japan first”和“Japan shows the greatest interest in robots”可知，机器人相关的应用场景先提及的是日本，所以这个机器人老师也在日本任教，故选B。 5．句意：一位来自东京大学的教授创造了她。 created创造；liked喜欢；taught教；helped帮助。根据“a professor from the University of Tokyo”可推断，是这位教授创造了它，故选A。 6．句意：Saya懂多种语言，而且她看起来像人类。 looks like看起来像；looks at看；looks after照顾；looks for寻找。根据“She can teach students, look after them.”可知，她能教学、照顾学生、理解人类情绪等功能，所以她的外形应该接近人类，才能更好地开展这些工作，故选A。 7．句意：她可以教学生、照顾他们，还能理解人类的情绪，包括悲伤、恐惧、愤怒、反对、惊讶和喜悦。 buy买；sell卖；understand理解；touch触摸。根据“sadness, fear, anger, disagreement, surprise and happiness”这些人类情绪，可知此处是指机器人能够理解这些情绪，故选C。 8．句意：日本在发明机器人方面投入了大量资金。 money资金；pollution污染；water水；environment环境。根据“This is the government’s hope in Japan”可知，研发机器人是日本政府的期望，结合常识，发明机器人需要投入大量资金，故选A。 9．句意：政府希望机器人能帮助这个国家照顾老年人。 tired疲惫的；old年老的；happy开心的；rich富有的。根据“The government hopes robots will help the country take care of...”可知，机器人的应用场景通常包括照顾弱势群体，故选B。 10．句意：它还希望机器人能帮助人们学好英语。 well很好地；good好的；hard努力地；hardly几乎不。根据“It also hopes robots will help people learn English...”可知，此处需要修饰动词“learn”，要用副词，这里说的是学好英语，故选A。 五、语法填空 Katie DeWitt is a high school student in Washington, US. She loves flying planes. At just 14, she took her 1 (one) flight (飞行) in a small plane. It was a little scary at the very beginning, but once she was in the air, she loved it. “I saw everything up there! 2 an amazing experience!” she said. Katie is part of a programme (计划). It teaches young people how to be pilots (飞行员). Another student, Evie Nesselrode, is also in the programme. Although they go to different schools, they learn to fly together. They become good friends and form 3 strong relationship. In this programme, Katie and Evie learn about many subjects like physics (物理学) and maths. Maths is really important for pilots! They use it to know how heavy the plane is, how fast it is flying, and how long it will take to land. They learn these things to make sure every flight is safe. Katie and Evie never get tired 4 learning them. In fact, they enjoy it so much when they see and feel their own 5 (improve). They find they become even 6 (organized) than before. Katie and Evie don’t just study in the classroom. They also practise flying real planes in the air. After flying for 30 hours with a teacher, they will be able 7 (fly) on their own. Katie and Evie both dream of 8 (become) real pilots one day. They know it takes hard work, but they are ready to try 9 (they) best. “We have really big goals, and we 10 (work) harder for them in the coming days. I have confidence that we can achieve them,” Katie said. “Anyway, not many people get the chance to fly.” 【答案】 1．first 2．What 3．a 4．of 5．improvement 6．more organized 7．to fly 8．becoming 9．their 10．will work 【导语】本文介绍了两位美国华盛顿的高中生凯蒂·德威特和伊薇·内瑟罗德参与飞行员培训项目的经历与梦想。 1．句意：14岁时，她乘坐一架小型飞机首次飞行。根据“she took her...flight (飞行) in a small plane”可知，此处指的是第一次飞行，应该用序数词first“第一”表示顺序。故填first。 2．句意：“我在空中看到了一切！多么奇妙的经历啊！”她说。根据“...an amazing experience!”可知，此处为感叹句，中心词为名词experience，应用感叹句结构“What + a/an + adj. + n. + 主谓”，句首首字母大写，故填What。 3．句意：她们成为了好朋友，建立了牢固的关系。根据“form...strong relationship”可知，此处泛指一段牢固的关系，strong以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 4．句意：凯蒂和伊薇从不厌倦学习它们。根据“get tired...learning them”可知，此处为短语“get tired of doing sth.”，表示“厌倦做某事”。故填of。 5．句意：事实上，当她们看到并感受到自己的进步时，她们非常享受。根据“their own...”可知，此处需填名词，improve的名词形式为improvement“进步”，不可数名词。故填improvement。 6．句意：她们发现自己变得比以前更有条理了。根据“than before”可知，此处应用比较级，organized为多音节词，其比较级为more organized“更有条理的”。故填more organized。 7．句意：在和老师一起飞行30小时后，她们将能够独自飞行。根据“will be able...on their own”可知，此处为短语“be able to do sth.”，表示“能够做某事”，应用动词不定式。故填to fly。 8．句意：凯蒂和伊薇都梦想有一天能成为真正的飞行员。根据“dream of...real pilots”可知，此处为短语“dream of doing sth.”，表示“梦想做某事”，应用动名词形式。故填becoming。 9．句意：她们知道这需要努力，但她们已经准备好尽最大努力。根据“try...best”可知，此处为短语“try one’s best”，表示“尽某人最大努力”，主语为they，应用形容词性物主代词their。故填their。 10．句意：我们有非常大的目标，在未来的日子里我们会更加努力。根据“in the coming days”可知，此处表示将来发生的动作，应用一般将来时“will do”。故填will work。 六、任务型读写 At the age of 40, Sanders ran a gas station (加油站) in Kentucky. To support his family, he began to cook and sell meals to travelers. He became famous in the area for cooking delicious meals like fried chicken. A few years later, he set up his first restaurant. Sanders kept improving his fried chicken. In 1939, he created a method of cooking chicken by using a pressure cooker (高压锅). His new method cut down on grease (油脂) and gave chicken a better taste. In 1952, Sanders began his fried chicken business. His first franchise sale went to Pete Harman. Pete Harman sold Sanders’ chicken in his restaurant in Salt Lake City and named it “Kentucky Fried Chicken”. Later, Sanders sold his own restaurant, traveled across the country, and cooked chicken from restaurant to restaurant. He made sure to get a nickel (五分钱) for every chicken the restaurants sold. Now, his face is a part of the KFC brand. 1．What did Sanders begin to do to support his family? 2．Why did he become famous in the area? 3．When did Sanders start to use a pressure cooker to cook chicken? 4．Who gave the name of “Kentucky Fried Chicken”? 5．Do you like KFC? Why or why not? 【答案】1．Cook and sell meals. 2．For cooking delicious meals. 3．In 1939. 4．Pete Harman. 5．Yes, because it’s tasty and convenient. 【导语】本文介绍了肯德基创始人桑德斯上校的经历，包括他如何开始售卖食物、如何改进炸鸡方法以及如何创立并推广肯德基品牌。 1．根据“To support his family, he began to cook and sell meals to travelers.”可知，为了养家，他开始为旅行者做饭并售卖。故填Cook and sell meals. 2．根据“He became famous in the area for cooking delicious meals like fried chicken.”可知，他因烹饪像炸鸡这样的美味食物而闻名。故填For cooking delicious meals. 3．根据“In 1939, he created a method of cooking chicken by using a pressure cooker”可知，他在1939年开始使用高压锅烹饪鸡肉。故填In 1939. 4．根据“Pete Harman sold Sanders’ chicken in his restaurant in Salt Lake City and named it ‘Kentucky Fried Chicken’.”可知，是Pete Harman命名的“肯德基”。故填Pete Harman. 5．本题为开放性问题，答案不唯一。可以回答喜欢，因为美味方便；也可以回答不喜欢，因为不健康。故填Yes, because it’s tasty and convenient. 请阅读下面短文，根据所提供的信息，回答五个问题，并将答案写在横线上。要求所写答案语法正确、信息完整切题。 七、短文还原 The 17th Summer Paralympics (残奥会) ended on September 8 in Paris. 1 They won 94 gold medals (金牌), 76 silver, and 50 bronze. Every medal has an inspiring (激励人心的) story behind it. One story is of Guo Jincheng. He was born in 2001. At the age of six, he lost both arms in an accident. 2 Guo taught himself to eat and write using his feet. He believed that whatever hands could do, feet could do as well. In 2012, Guo Jincheng joined the swimming team of Hebei. 3 But he was not afraid to try. Surprisingly, he was able to swim in just three days. However, to become a good swimmer, he knew he had to work harder. He spent about six hours swimming each day. 4 At the beginning, Guo Jincheng was behind other swimmers in the pool, learning from them. 5 He felt really glad. “In the pool, I was reborn (重生),” Guo said happily. At the Paris Paralympics this year, Guo Jincheng brought home four gold and two silver medals. A．In the evening, he studied videos of top swimmers in the world to improve himself. B．Slowly, he could swim faster than them. C．At first, he couldn’t swim at all. D．Everyone liked him. E．And the Chinese team performed truly well. F．But this did not stop him from following his dream. 【答案】1．E 2．F 3．C 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文介绍了在巴黎第17届夏季残奥会上取得优异成绩的中国运动员郭金城的故事。 1．根据“They won 94 gold medals (金牌), 76 silver, and 50 bronze.”可知，此句明确给出了中国队在残奥会上获得的奖牌数量，这体现了中国队的出色表现。因此，在空白处需要填入一个能够引出中国队表现的句子。选项E“中国队表现得非常好。”符合语境。故选E。 2．根据“At the age of six, he lost both arms in an accident.”以及“Guo taught himself to eat and write using his feet.”可知，尽管失去了双臂，但他并没有放弃，而是自学用脚吃饭和写字，选项F“但这并没有阻止他追逐梦想。”符合语境。故选F。 3．根据“But he was not afraid to try. Surprisingly, he was able to swim in just three days.”可知，此处描述的是他刚开始学习游泳时的困难，选项C“起初，他根本不会游泳。”符合语境。故选C。 4．根据“He spent about six hours swimming each day.”以及后文对他游泳技能提升的描述可知，此处应该进一步描述他为了提升自己而做的努力，选项A“晚上，他观看世界顶级游泳运动员的视频来提升自己。”符合语境。故选A。 5．根据“At the beginning, Guo Jincheng was behind other swimmers in the pool, learning from them.”以及“He felt really glad.”可知，此处描述的是他逐渐超越其他选手的情况，选项B“慢慢地，他能游得比他们快了。”符合语境。故选B。 八、阅读理解 What will our life be like in 50 years? No one knows the answer exactly, but we are sure that it will be very different from the life today. My brother Jill White makes some predictions. Here are some of his ideas. First, people will have less work to do, and robots will do most work. People will use robots to make cars, do the housework, look after sick people and teach students. People will spend most of their time doing sports and going on vacations. So people will become stronger and healthier, and they will live to be about 200 years old. Second, cars will become very small and computers will control their speed. So there will be fewer accidents on the road. Planes will be very popular, and most people would like to take them to go on a vacation. Third, people will be able to live in the sea, on the Moon or on Mars. The Earth won’t be crowded or noisy. So there will be much space for people to plant trees. There will be less pollution, and the air will become much fresher. Finally, water shortage will become one of the most serious problems. If people don’t save water now, there will be water wars in 50 years. 1．Jill White thinks that in 50 years robots will help to do the following things EXCEPT ________. A．driving cars B．teaching students C．doing the housework D．looking after sick people 2．What will most people go on a vacation in 50 years according to the passage? A．By car. B．By plane. C．By train. D．By bike. 3．What can we know from the passage? A．People won’t need to work in 50 years. B．Every family will have a car in 50 years. C．Computers will control the cars’ speed in 50 years. D．The earth will become crowded and noisy in 50 years. 4．What’s the passage mainly about? A．The robots in 50 years. B．The life in 50 years. C．The schools in 50 years. D．The cars in 50 years. 5．Which of the following is the structure of the passage? A．①②③④/⑤ B．①/②③④/⑤ C．①②/③④/⑤ D．①/②③④⑤ 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文主要讲述了Jill White对50年后人类生活的预测。 1．细节理解题。根据“People will use robots to make cars, do the housework, look after sick people and teach students.”可知，人们将使用机器人制造汽车、做家务、照顾病人和教学生，没有提到机器人会开车。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“Planes will be very popular, and most people would like to take them to go on a vacation.”可知，50年后大多数人会乘飞机去度假。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“cars will become very small and computers will control their speed.”可知，50年后电脑会控制汽车的速度。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了50年后的生活。故选B。 5．篇章结构题。第一段讲Jill White对50年后人类生活做出一些预测，第二段讲50年后人们的工作情况，第三段讲50年后汽车和飞机的情况，第四段讲50年后人们的居住环境和地球情况，第五段讲50年后水资源短缺问题。所以，本文的结构是“总分”结构，选项D结构图符合。故选D。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $