Unit 3 Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures+2-【优学精讲】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册教用Word(人教版)

本讲义聚焦高中英语“省略”语法核心知识点，系统梳理简单句、并列句、复合句及动词不定式、介词等特殊情况的省略规则，通过例句分析（如感叹句、复合句省略）构建知识支架，配套即时演练与多维度练习（基础题型、改写、写作、语篇应用）。 资料以“发现-归纳-应用”为主线，通过“我的发现”引导学生自主总结规律，培养思维品质，分层练习（如语法与写作、语篇填空）提升语言运用能力，结合词汇拓展（如fold用法）强化知识迁移。课中辅助教师高效授课，课后助力学生查漏补缺，巩固语法应用能力。

Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures 省 略 ①And what a city （it is） — a city that was able to rebuild itself after the earthquake that occurred in 1906. ②My hotel is near downtown， in the Mission District， （which is） one of the oldest parts of the city. ③This district used to be a poor area of town， but （this district） is now a centre for art， music， and food. ④（It is） A real mix of cultures here！ ⑤What great food （it is）！ 【我的发现】 （1）句④为　简单　句中的省略。 （2）句①⑤为　感叹　句中的省略。 （3）句③为　并列　句中的省略。 （4）句②为　复合　句中的省略。 　　为了避免重复，或为了使句子更简练，在一些句子中常常省去一个或某几个成分，这种语法现象在英语中叫作省略。在英语句子中，常见的省略情况有以下几种： 一、简单句中的省略 1.省略主语：一般情况下，主语是不能省略的，但在祈使句和其他不容易引起歧义的情况下，特别是在口语中，主语常常省略，主要是祈使句中的you和疑问句中的主语。 （It） Looks like rain now. 现在（天）看起来要下雨。 （You） Be sure not to make any noise. （你）一定不要制造出任何噪声。 2.省略宾语：当上、下或前、后两个句子的宾语一致时，通常省略宾语。 He has a knowledge of first aid but his friend doesn’t （have a knowledge of first aid）. 他具备急救知识，但他的朋友不具备。 She washed （the shirt）， ironed （the shirt）， and folded the shirt. 她洗了（衬衫）， 并且把它熨好、叠好。 3.省略主语和谓语（或谓语的一部分）：在某些具体的场合下，主语和谓语都很明确，此时为了简化或显得亲切等，可将主语和谓语（或谓语的一部分）同时省略，只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其他成分。 （You come） This way， please. 请这边走。（省略了主语和谓语） （Have you） Got any ink？ 你有墨水吗？（省略了主语和谓语的一部分） 【即时演练1】　用“＝”划掉句中可以省略的部分（忽略大小写） ①I see you tomorrow. ②—Are you feeling better now？ —I am feeling much better now. ③The lightning flashed and the thunder crashed. ④I consider him to be lazy. ⑤Today I met her at the barber’s shop. ⑥—Are you a teacher？ —No， but I used to be a teacher. ⑦The heavy rain prevented him from coming. 二、并列句中的省略 1.在并列句中，后面分句中与前面分句相同的部分常常省去，以避免重复。 When summer comes， the day is getting longer and longer， and the night （is getting） shorter and shorter. 当夏天来临，白天变得越来越长，夜晚变得越来越短。 My brother likes sports and I （like） music. 我弟弟喜欢体育，我喜欢音乐。 Jeff broke two eggs into a plate and （Jeff） added in some milk. 杰夫在盘子里打了两个鸡蛋，并加了一些牛奶。 2.有时由于上下文语境很明显，后一分句中的一些词语也可省略。 They tried their best but （they tried） in vain. 他们尽力了，但是白费劲。 （Give me） One more chance and I’ll surely succeed. 再给我一次机会，我一定会成功。 名师点津 在并列句中，后面的分句可以省略与前面分句中相同的成分。 Tom picked up a wallet in the road and （Tom） handed it to a policeman. 汤姆在马路上捡到一个钱包并把它交给了警察。 三、复合句中的省略 1.状语从句中的省略 （1）状语从句的主语和主句的主语相同或从句主语是it， 且从句谓语是系动词be的某种形式时，从句的主语和系动词可以同时省略。 （2）从句与主句中的相同部分也可以省略。 While （I was） walking along the street， I heard my name called. 当我在街上散步时，我听到有人叫我的名字。 When （it is） heated， ice can be turned into water. 冰被加热后，可以变成水。 If （it is） possible， you can reply to me as soon as possible. 如果可能的话，你可以尽快回复我。 2.定语从句中的省略 关系代词在定语从句中作宾语且前面无介词时，可以省略关系代词。 My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit （that） we had ever eaten. 我丈夫和我都认为它们是我们吃过的最好的水果。 The way （in which/that） he speaks to us is really annoying. 他对我们讲话的方式真是令人讨厌。 3.宾语从句中的省略 及物动词后接宾语从句时，连接词that一般可以省略；但如果及物动词接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句，那么只有第一个that可以省略。 We hope （that） such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. 我们希望这样的关注能激发人们对情感科学和学术研究的更大兴趣。 He said （that） the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart. 他说这篇课文很重要，我们应该用心学习。 【即时演练2】　写出下列句中可以省略的部分 ①I believe that she will help you and that you will succeed. 　第一个that　 ②Is this the reason that he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work？ 　that　 ③Whenever it is possible， he will come to my help. 　it is　 四、其他情况的省略 1.动词不定式的省略 （1）当动词不定式在形容词afraid， anxious， eager， glad， happy， ready， willing等后作状语时，常省略与前句重复的to后面的内容。 You can’t force him to answer the question if he’s not ready to （answer the question）. 如果他没有准备好回答这个问题，你不能强迫他。 （2）某些使役动词（如make， let， have等）和感官动词（如see， watch， notice， observe， hear等）后面作宾语补足语的动词不定式须省略to；但若这些动词用于被动语态时，则不能省略to。 We often hear her sing an English song in the classroom. →She is often heard to sing an English song in the classroom. 我们经常听见她在教室里唱英文歌。 （3）作介词but， except， beside的宾语，且前面有实义动词do的某种形式时，后面的动词不定式（短语）常省略to。 All he could do was nothing but wait and see. 他所能做的只有等着瞧。 （4）当动词不定式在be going to， be able to， have to， ought to， used to后作复合谓语时，动词不定式可以省略。 They didn’t visit their parents as much as they ought to （visit their parents）. 他们应该多看望父母，但他们没有。 2.使用so， not等时的省略 ①—Can you finish your work today？ —I think so./I don’t think so./I think not. ——你今天能完成工作吗？ ——我认为能。/我认为不能。 ②—The boys are not doing a good job at all， are they？ —I guess not. ——男孩们工作做得一点儿也不好，是吗？ ——我猜是没做好。 句①中so相当于I can finish my work today；not相当于I can’t finish my work today；句②中第二个not相当于the boys are not doing a good job。 3.介词的省略 一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常可以省略，而保留介词后的动词-ing形式。常见结构如下： （1）have difficulty/trouble （in） doing sth （2）be busy （in） doing sth （3）spend some time （in） doing sth （4）stop/prevent sb （from） doing sth The heavy rain prevented him （from） arriving there on time. 大雨使得他没能按时到达那里。 【即时演练3】　补全下列句中省略的介词 ①I’m sorry to tell you that Diane won’t be here （　on　） Friday. ②I can’t stop them （　from　） going there. ③I have some trouble （　in　） learning English. fold vt.包；裹；折叠 vt.& vi.（可）折小；（可）叠平 【教材原句】　I really like that paper folding book， and my son likes that paper folding book， too. 我真的很喜欢那本折纸书，并且我的儿子也喜欢那本折纸书。 【用法】 （1）fold （up） 　　　　　折叠；对折 fold one’s arms 　　双臂交叉在胸前 （2）unfold v.　　（使）展开；打开 folding adj.　　可折叠的；折叠式的 【佳句】　I folded the handkerchief and put it in my pocket. （读后续写之动作描写） 我折好手帕，把它放进我的口袋里。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①I finished my coffee， 　folded　 （fold） my newspaper and stood up. 【写美】　完成句子 ②The young man lay on the sofa 　with his arms folded　 and soon fell asleep. 那个年轻人双臂交叉躺在沙发上，很快就睡着了。 维度一：基础题型练 　　写出下列句中被省略的部分。 1.He spent four hours （　in　） going over his lessons. 2.I’m really puzzled about what to think or （　to　） say. 3.（　I　） Haven’t seen you for ages！ 4.He teaches English and his brother （　teaches　） maths. 5.Although （　he was　） hard-working， he couldn’t earn enough to support himself. 6.He is the man （　whom/who/that　） you can depend on. 7.I heard （　that　） he had gone abroad. 8.He suggested （　that　） we （　should　） start the work at once. 维度二：将下列句子改为省略句 1.When he was in America， he made many friends with students from different countries. →　When in America　， he made many friends with students from different countries. 2.The book that he borrowed yesterday is well worth reading. →　The book he borrowed　 yesterday is well worth reading. 3.John will go abroad to travel but his brother will not go abroad to travel. →John will go abroad to travel but 　his brother won’t　. 4.She stood at the gate as if she was waiting for someone. →She stood at the gate 　as if waiting for someone　. 5.The winters in Hangzhou are not so mild as they are in Guangzhou. →The winters in Hangzhou are not so mild 　as in Guangzhou　. 6.If it is properly treated， waste will do no harm to the environment. →　If properly treated　， waste will do no harm to the environment. 7.If it is possible， this old temple will be rebuilt. →　If possible　， this old temple will be rebuilt. 8.Whether she is sick or well， she is always cheerful. →　Whether sick or well　， she is always cheerful. 维度三：语法与写作 1.Her job is 　to take care of the elders and wash their clothes　. 她的工作是照顾老人和给他们洗衣服。 2.He succeeded 　in solving all the problems as expected　. 他按预期成功地解决了所有的问题。 3.The teacher came 　not to punish you but to help you　. 老师来不是为了惩罚你，而是为了帮助你。 4.Generally speaking， 　when taken according to the instructions　， the drug has no side effects. 一般来说，如果按照说明书服用，这种药就没有副作用。 5.Mary said 　she was from America and that she was 16 years old　. 玛丽说她来自美国，她16岁。 6.　If heated　， water will become steam. 如果加热，水就会变成水蒸气。 7.What he wants to do is 　go home　. 他想做的是回家。 8.　If necessary　， we shall send a telegram home. 如果有必要，我们就给家里发电报。 维度四：语法与语篇 　　使用本单元所学语法知识完成下面短文。 　　After breakfast， Mom was doing housework in the kitchen.She talked to Tom 1.　while washing bowls and plates　 （洗碗和盘子时）.She said to Tom， “Dear son， 2.　look out for cars when crossing the street　 （过街时当心车辆）.” Tom usually said to his mom，“3.　See you　 （再见）， Mom.”However， this time， she heard nothing.Tom left home 4.　as if in a hurry　 （好像很着急）.Mom 5.　considered Tom rude　 （认为汤姆很无礼） this time， but she 6.　didn’t know why　 （不知道为什么）.She thought she would 7.　make Tom realise　 （让汤姆意识到） his wrong doings when he came back from school. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　（2024·福建四校高一下联考）If you think about modern art， Picasso is probably the first name that pops into your head.Art today wouldn’t be the same without him！ 　　Pablo Picasso had a very long and interesting life.He lived through two world wars， the invention of electricity， telephones， radio and TVs， movies， automobiles， and airplanes.As the world changed， he was able to change with it.He worked hard every day for more than eighty years.Some people say he created 50，000 pieces of art！ Unlike many artists， Picasso was successful and became famous quite quickly. 　　Picasso moved back to Paris in 1904.Around this time， Pablo was meeting lots of interesting people in Paris.He met a rich American woman named Gertrude Stein who was a poet.And she was one of the first people to really appreciate Picasso’s paintings， and she bought some of them. 　　In 1906， Picasso began to work on a portrait for Gertrude Stein.It was torture for Pablo because he just couldn’t get her face right.She sat for the portrait eight times！ It probably was torture for Gertrude， too！ 　　Pablo gave up for the summer； in the fall， he painted her face from memory.It looked like a primitive mask.Pablo had been looking at African and primitive art in a museum， which explains why.He was never afraid to borrow ideas. 　　People didn’t think the painting looked like Gertrude at all， but she loved it.She said，“For me， it is I.” 　　After working on a portrait of Gertrude Stein， Pablo realised that he didn’t have to paint exactly what he saw.He could paint what he imagined.This led to a turning point for Pablo.It was a turning point in the history of modern art！ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了艺术大师毕加索在巴黎为一位贵妇人画肖像画的故事。 1.What made Pablo Picasso different from many artists？（　　） A.He was very hardworking. B.He created a lot of works. C.He made many discoveries. D.He achieved early success. 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段可知，跟许多艺术家不同，毕加索很快就获得了成功。 2.What does the underlined word “torture” in Paragraph 4 probably mean？（　　） A.Something painful. B.Something strange. C.Something important. D.Something interesting. 解析：A　词义猜测题。根据第四段可知，毕加索为这位妇人画了八次肖像画都不成功。 3.How did Picasso draw Gertrude Stein’s portrait in the autumn？（　　） A.By looking at her face. B.By looking at her picture. C.According to what he remembered. D.According to what others described. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据倒数第三段可知，毕加索在秋天根据自己的记忆画出了那位妇人的肖像画。 4.What led to a turning point for Picasso？ （　　） A.Moving back to Paris. B.Meeting Gertrude Stein. C.Drawing Gertrude Stein’s portrait. D.Meeting lots of interesting people. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，这次画画事件之后，毕加索开启了自己艺术生涯的一个转折点。 B 　　（2024·聊城高一下期末）Liverpool， my hometown， is a unique city.It is so unique that in 2004 it became a World Heritage Site. 　　I recently returned to my home city and my first stop was at a museum on the River Mersey.Blanketed in mist， Victorian architecture rose from the banks of the river， responded to the sounds of seabirds， and appeared unbelievably charming.When I headed towards the centre， I found myself surrounded by buildings that mirror the best palaces of Europe.It is not hard to imagine why， on first seeing the city， most visitors would be overwhelmed by the beauty of the noble buildings， which are solid signs of Liverpool’s history. 　　As if to stress its cultural role， Liverpool has more museums and galleries than most cities in Britain.At Walker Art Gallery， I was told that it has the best collections of Victorian paintings in the world， and is the home of modern art in the north of England.However， culture is more than galleries.Liverpool offers many music events.As Britain’s No.1 music city， it has the biggest city music festival in Europe， and its musicians are famous all over the world.Liverpool is also well known for its football and other sports events.Every year， the Mersey River Festival attracts thousands of visitors， making the city a place of wonder. 　　As you would expect from such a city， there are restaurants serving food from around the world.When my trip was about to complete， I chose to rest my legs in Liverpool’s famous Philharmonic pub.It is a monument to perfection， and a heritage attraction itself. 　　Being a World Heritage Site， my home city is certainly a place of “outstanding universal value”.It is a treasure house with plenty of secrets for the world to explore. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。作者在文中描述了自己的家乡——利物浦的美景，重点介绍了其独特的文化氛围。 5.What would impress visitors most when they come to Liverpool for the first time？（　　） A.Its charming banks. B.Its famous museums. C.Its wonderful palaces. D.Its attractive buildings. 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的most visitors would be overwhelmed by the beauty of the noble buildings， which are solid signs of Liverpool’s history可知，大部分游客都被利物浦的建筑所吸引。 6.The third paragraph is developed mainly by 　　.（　　） A.providing different examples B.following the order of space C.making comparisons D.analysing causes 解析：A　推理判断题。根据第三段可知，作者举了博物馆、音乐和体育等方面的例子来进行叙述。 7.What does the author use the Philharmonic pub to prove？（　　） A.Liverpool is a well-known city for its restaurants. B.Liverpool is an impressive place full of attraction. C.A pub is a wonderful place for visitors to relax themselves. D.A pub is a perfect choice for visitors to complete their journey. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知，它是一个完美的纪念碑，也是吸引人的遗迹。作者举出这个例子是为了证明利物浦是一个极具吸引力的地方。 8.What is the passage mainly about？（　　） A.The universal artistic beauty in Liverpool. B.The exciting experience of the author in Liverpool. C.The special cultural atmosphere of Liverpool. D.The beautiful historic sites of Liverpool. 解析：C　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章不仅介绍了利物浦的美景，而且重点介绍了其独特的文化氛围。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 　　（2024·武汉高一下质检）5G will be the lifeblood of the new economy.Self-driving cars， virtual reality， smart cities and networked robots will all be powered by 5G networks. 　　Like every “next generation” wireless network technology， 5G will give your phone a speedier connection — up to 100 times faster than 4G.9.（　　） On 4G， it would take six minutes.5G’s extra bandwidth will make service more reliable， allowing more devices to connect to the network at the same time. 　　10.（　　） Sensors， computers， cars， robots， and other new technology will all connect to 5G one day.Today’s 4G networks don’t have the bandwidth for the vast amounts of data all those devices will transmit. 　　To accomplish all that， much of the 5G network will travel over super-high-frequency airwaves.These higher frequencies bring faster speeds and more bandwidth.11.（　　） That means wireless companies will need to install thousands — perhaps millions — of small cell towers on top of lamp posts， on the side of buildings and inside homes. 　　12.（　　） In buildings and in crowded areas， 5G might provide a speed boost， but 4G will still be used to cover wider areas for the time being. 　　5G networks will also reduce the latency （延迟）， or lag time， between devices and the servers they communicate with to virtually zero.Zero latency can allow self-driving cars to process all the information they need to make life-or-death decisions in the blink of an eye.13.（　　） Those innovations will only be possible if the communication between a network and a device is seamless （无缝的）. A.5G will open the door to the future. B.That’s why 5G will not completely replace 4G. C.But 5G is about much more than smartphones. D.That’s enough to download a 3D movie in 3 seconds. E.5G is more than faster speeds and faster connections indeed. F.But they can’t travel through walls and they get weaker over long distances. G.It’s believed that 5G could help power the next generation of long-distance operations. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。5G时代即将到来，它将怎样改变我们的生活呢？ 9.D　上文强调5G带来的手机高速连接，D项接着举例来对此进行说明。 10.C　上文讲述5G对手机带来的巨大改变，下文又列举了5G将对其他领域带来的改变，故C项承上启下，符合语境。 11.F　上文指出超高频电波的优点，下文指出还需要建大量小型的手机信号塔，可以断定中间一句是指出超高频电波也有其缺点。 12.B　上文指出超高频电波也有缺点，下文说在一段时间内4G还得使用。由此可知，5G暂时还不能完全取代4G。 13.G　下文的Those innovations暗示设空处在说明5G所带来的一些巨大创新和变化，G项提到下一代远程手术，符合语境。 Ⅲ.完形填空 　　（2024·西安高一下期末）When my first book was published， I couldn’t wait to make it to readers. 　　The book signing was 　14　 in a beautiful bookstore.I had imagined hundreds of customers would 　15　 for me to sign copies for them.　16　， it didn’t quite happen like that. 　　Despite the nice sign outside， not a single 　17　 entered.As each minute passed， I was 　18　 anxious. 　　For the past four years， I had lived on a strict 　19　.I woke up at 5：30 a.m.every day and had two hours of writing before work.I often prayed （祈祷） my readers would finally be 　20　.Now， sitting here alone， I 　21　 if my entire life was just a big joke.Just before the store’s closing， 　22　， I began to get myself ready to leave. 　　Just when I couldn’t feel any 　23　， a middle-aged couple walked in.I managed to 　24　 my bad emotions and introduced myself and my book.While listening， they nodded in 　25　 from time to time.Then the wife told me， “We’ll take the book.” My heart beat fast with 　26　.“We lost our son five months ago，” she said with watery eyes.“Maybe your book will help us 　27　 it.” 　　Two weeks later， I received a thank-you letter from the couple.My prayer of asking for the words to touch just one person’s life was 　28　.Thanks to them， I kept moving ahead to writing. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。在作者的新书签售会上，由于没有读者前来，作者非常灰心；直到书店即将关门，作者打算回家的时候，一对夫妇的到来令作者非常激动。这件事激励作者把写作继续进行下去。 14.A.finished　　 B.registered C.arranged　　 D.requested 解析：C　根据上文The book signing可知，这是一场签名售书活动，被安排在一个漂亮的书店里。 15.A.line up　　 B.pack up C.make out　　 D.work up 解析：A　根据上文hundreds of customers可知，作者原以为会有成百上千的顾客前来排队买书。 16.A.Besides　　 B.Therefore C.However　　 D.Anyway 解析：C　根据下文it didn’t quite happen like that可知，此处句意发生了转折，然而并没有顾客前来排队买书。 17.A.assistant　　 B.customer C.student　　 D.reporter 解析：B　根据上文可知，这是一场在书店的签名售书活动，此处指没有一个买书的顾客。 18.A.immediately　　 B.surprisingly C.formally　　 D.increasingly 解析：D　根据下文可知，作者越来越焦虑，到最后失望地想离开书店了。 19.A.schedule　　 B.holiday C.journey　　 D.diet 解析：A　作者每天很早起床，在上班之前花两小时写作，日常安排非常紧张。 20.A.challenged　　 B.worried C.annoyed　　 D.touched 解析：D　此处指作者这么辛苦，祈祷自己的努力能感动读者。 21.A.believed　　 B.wondered C.forgot　　 D.admitted 解析：B　根据上文可知，作者想知道是否自己的人生是个笑话。 22.A.delighted　　 B.frightened C.discouraged　　 D.amazed 解析：C　没有一个顾客来买书，因此作者渐渐气馁了。 23.A.better　　 B.worse C.easier　　 D.wiser 解析：B　这时候作者感觉没有什么比这更糟糕的了。 24.A.cheat　　 B.express C.hide　　 D.lose 解析：C　根据下文作者向这对夫妇介绍自己的书并得到了他们的认可可推知，作者隐藏起之前的糟糕情绪。 25.A.agreement　　 B.exchange C.shock　　 D.demand 解析：A　根据上文While listening， they nodded可知，这对夫妇非常赞同作者所说的话。 26.A.sadness　　 B.fear C.anger　　 D.excitement 解析：D　根据上文的We’ll take the book.和My heart beat fast及新书签售会没有读者前来买书可推知，这对夫妇要买作者的书令作者很激动。 27.A.go through　　 B.get over C.look into　　 D.focus on 解析：B　根据上文“We lost our son five months ago，” she said with watery eyes.可知，这对夫妇希望通过读作者的书，克服失去儿子的痛苦。 28.A.answered　　 B.ruined C.repeated　　 D.delivered 解析：A　根据上文My prayer of asking for可知，此处指终于有人买了作者的书，作者的祈祷得到了回应。 Ⅳ.语法填空 　　（2024·山西五校高一下联考）Formed in 2002， the China International Search and Rescue Team （CISAR） brings help and hope to those 29.　　　　　　 lives are changed by natural disasters. 　　The team went on its first international rescue mission in 2003.It was the first time that a Chinese team 30.　　　　　　（work） outside China， and the team won high praise 31.　　　　　　 their bravery and skill.The list of people to whom help has been given ever since 32.　　　　　　 （be） long.The team treated more than 3，000 people who were injured in the 2006 earthquake in Indonesia， and spent several months 33.　　　　　　 （give） aid to over 25，000 victims of the 2010 floods in Pakistan. 　　Rescue workers 34.　　　　　　 （train） to find people， treat injuries， and hand out food， water， and other supplies.There is 35.　　　　　　 （usual） no electricity or water after a disaster and diseases and accidents may appear.36.　　　　　　 （save） lives， rescue workers have to work day and night， and sadly they must also bury 37.　　　　　　 dead， which means they have to be strong in both body and mind.Rescue workers must have big hearts， too.Of course， they’ll have to take 38.　　　　　　 （effect） measures in action.The members of the CISAR are always ready to go wherever help is needed. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了成立于2002年的中国国际救援队给那些生活因自然灾害而改变的人们带来的帮助和希望。 29.whose　分析句子结构可知，句中先行词为those，指人，在定语从句中作定语，故填关系代词whose。 30.had worked　分析句子结构可知，It was the first time that后跟过去完成时，故填had worked。 31.for　此处表示他们的勇敢和技术赢得了赞扬，设空处应用表示原因的连词。故填for。 32.is　根据语境可知，此处用一般现在时；分析句子结构可知，句中主语为The list，应用第三人称单数形式，故填is。 33.giving　分析句子结构可知，此处为spend time （in） doing sth意为“花费时间做某事”，故填giving。 34.are trained　根据句中时态可知，用一般现在时；根据句意可知，救援人员是接受训练者，与train为动宾关系，此处用被动形式；Rescue workers为复数，故填are trained。 35.usually　分析句子结构可知，设空处修饰整个句子，应用副词形式，故填usually。 36.To save　分析句子结构并结合语境可知，设空处为动词不定式作目的状语，意为“为了”，故填To save。 37.the　定冠词用在形容词前，表示一类人或东西。the dead表示“死者”，故填the。 38.effective　根据语境可知，设空处应用形容词修饰名词measures，故填effective。 13 / 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $