Unit 1 Section Ⅲ Discovering Useful Structures-【优学精讲】2024-2025学年高中英语必修第三册教用Word(人教版)

本讲义聚焦动词-ing形式作定语和表语这一核心语法点，通过例句引导学生自主发现用法，系统梳理作定语（前置/后置，表属性或主动关系）和作表语（表内容对等或性质特征）的规则，对比与过去分词、不定式的区别，构建完整知识支架。 该资料以“发现-讲解-辨析-应用”为主线，设计即时演练、句型公式及分层练习（基础题型到语篇填空），培养学生语言能力和思维品质。课中辅助教师清晰授课，课后助力学生巩固语法，查漏补缺，提升学习效率。

Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures 动词-ing形式作定语和表语 　①I think the Rio Carnival would be the most exciting. ②During the Mid-Autumn Festival in China， families gather to admire the shining moon and enjoy delicious mooncakes. ③Another example is Halloween， which slowly became an exciting festival for children， in spite of its religious origins. ④Online shopping websites and social media apps have made it much easier for the public to spend more on gifts for their loved ones. 【我的发现】 （1）动词-ing形式作定语的句子为　②③④　。 （2）动词-ing形式作表语的句子为　①　。 一、动词-ing形式作定语 单个的动词-ing形式作定语，常放在被修饰词前作前置定语；动词-ing短语作定语，常放在被修饰词后作后置定语。 1.动词-ing作定语表示被修饰词的属性、作用或用途。 表示名词的属性、作用或用途，意为“供……用”，常置于被修饰的名词前。 No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room. 在阅览室里任何人不得大声说话。 I’m determined to buy a pair of running shoes for my daughter as a birthday present. 我决定给我女儿买一双跑鞋作为生日礼物。 2.动词-ing形式作定语，表示被修饰词的动作或状态，与被修饰词之间是主动关系。 I have an amusing piece of news to tell you. 我有一条很有趣的消息告诉你。 I learnt another astonishing fact. 我了解到另一个令人吃惊的事实。 His new book is full of challenging ideas. 他的新书充满发人深省的思想。 The students running along the street are from No.3 Middle School. ＝The students who/that are running along the street are from No.3 Middle School. 沿街跑步的学生们来自第三中学。 The woman holding a baby in her arms is waiting to see the doctor. ＝The woman who/that is holding a baby in her arms is waiting to see the doctor. 怀抱婴儿的那位女士正在等着看医生。 名师点津 动词-ing形式、过去分词和动词不定式作定语的区别：动词-ing形式表示正在进行或习惯性的动作；过去分词表示被动或完成意义；动词不定式表示动作尚未发生。 The problem being discussed at the meeting is very important.（表示动作正在进行） 会上正在讨论的问题非常重要。 The problem discussed at the meeting is very important.（表示动作已经完成） 会上讨论过的问题非常重要。 The problem to be discussed at the meeting is very important.（表示动作将要发生） 会上将要讨论的问题非常重要。 【即时演练1】　单句语法填空 ①Last night， there were millions of people 　watching　 （watch） the opening ceremony live on TV. ②The topic 　being discussed　 （discuss） now has drawn some experts’ attention. ③（2023·1月浙江卷）He may also book you in a 　sleeping　 （sleep） car that’s right next to the diner. ④For its 10th anniversary， as a fan of the English newspaper Youth， I want to share my 　reading　 （read） experience. ⑤（2023· 1月浙江卷）Then you won’t have to walk through several cars on a 　moving　 （move） train three times a day for your meals. 二、动词-ing形式作表语 1.动词-ing形式作表语，具体说明主语的内容，与主语通常是对等的关系，即主语等同于表语，两者可互换。 What worries me most is her staying up too late every night. ＝Her staying up too late every night is what worries me most. 最使我担心的是她每天都熬夜到很晚。 His task now is decorating the newly built city hall. ＝Decorating the newly built city hall is his task now. 他现在的任务就是装饰这座新建的市政大厅。 2.动词-ing形式作表语，表示主语的性质、特征或状态，其作用相当于形容词，主语和表语的位置不可互换。 Taking pictures of polar bears is amazing but also dangerous. 拍北极熊的照片很令人惊叹，但也很危险。 What should be stressed is the dragon boat racing， which is very interesting and exciting. 应该强调的是，龙舟赛非常有趣且激动人心。 名师点津 （1）动词-ing形式（短语）与动词不定式（短语）作表语的区别： ①动词-ing形式（短语）作表语表示抽象的一般性的动作。 Her hobby is collecting stamps. 她的爱好是集邮。 ②动词不定式（短语）作表语表示一次具体的动作或将要发生的事。 His wish is to build a learning club for the kids. 他的愿望是为孩子们成立一个学习俱乐部。 （2）感觉类及物动词的动词-ing形式与过去分词作表语的区别： 英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词，其动词-ing形式表示主动意义，即“令人有某种感觉的”，多用来修饰物；其过去分词表示被动意义，即“人被引起某种感觉的”，多用来指人、人的声音或表情等。 I was deeply moved by his moving words. 我被他那动人的话语深深地打动了。 The news of his death was surprising and we were all surprised. 他去世的消息令人吃惊，我们都感到很惊讶。 【即时演练2】　单句语法填空 ①My aim is 　to let　 （let） China go to the world and let the world understand China. ②The situation both at home and abroad is very 　inspiring　 （inspire）. ③As the saying goes，“To grasp all is 　to lose　 （lose） all.” You need to focus on your goal. ④From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises， the whole experience was 　amazing　 （amaze）. ⑤John’s bad habit is 　reading　 （read） without thorough understanding. 句型公式：It’s great fun doing sth做某事很有趣 【教材原句】　It was great fun walking along the streets， enjoying the relaxing atmosphere！ 沿着街道散步，享受着放松的氛围是一件很有趣的事情！ 【用法】 have fun （doing sth）　　　　（做某事）玩得开心 for fun＝for the fun of it　　为了好玩 make fun of　　取笑 【品悟】　①It’s great fun going out for a picnic on a warm spring day. 在一个温暖的春日出去野餐是非常有趣的。 ②Like most people her age， Lucy shoots short videos just for fun/for the fun of it. 和大多数同龄人一样，露西拍摄短视频只是为了好玩。 【写美】　完成句子 ①There are a variety of theme parks in the world， 　where you can have fun　. 世界上有各种各样的主题公园，在那里你可以开心游玩。 ②My mother 　entered the local flower show just for fun　 and won the first place. 我妈妈为了好玩参加当地的花展且获得了第一名。 维度一：基础题型练 1.Her job is 　keeping　 （keep） the lecture hall as clean as possible. 2.His dream is 　to become　 （become） the first Chinese astronaut to land on Mars. 3.Prices of daily goods 　bought　 （buy） on the Internet can be lower than those in a physical store. 4.Lots of students 　standing　 （stand） outside of the office are waiting for their examination results. 5.The question 　being discussed　 （discuss） at present has something important to do with our daily lives. 6.Hearing the 　frightening　 noise， the little girl had a 　frightened　 look on her face.（frighten） 7.Having failed the maths exam again， he felt very 　frustrated　 （frustrate）. 8.What he said at the meeting yesterday was very 　disappointing　 （disappoint）. 9.You look really 　tired　 （tire）.You should go home and have a rest. 10.The unique scenery is so 　amazing　 （amaze） that people say it is the most beautiful city in Canada. 11.It is particularly 　interesting　 （interest） to compare the two versions. 12.I woke up at midnight to find a 　swimming　 （swim） pool in my tent. 13.The boy 　playing　 （play） football on the playground is my younger brother. 14.She received an e-mail the other day 　saying　 （say） her uncle was coming to visit her. 15.Everybody was 　excited　 to hear the news， which was very 　exciting　.（excite） 维度二：语法与写作 1.The ancient temple 　dating back to　 the Ming Dynasty is under the protection of the local government. 这座可追溯到明代的古庙受到当地政府的保护。 2.Her mother’s life story she told us last Sunday 　sounds very moving　. 上周日她给我们讲述的她妈妈的人生故事听起来很感人。 3. My headteacher’s words 　are both interesting and encouraging　. 我班主任的话既有趣又鼓舞人心。 4.On 12 March every year， 　the traditional activity is planting trees　. 每年的3月12日，传统的活动是植树。 5.　The boy playing basketball in the playground　 is our monitor. 正在操场上打篮球的那个男孩是我们的班长。 6.He spoke in a low voice in order not to 　 wake up the sleeping child　. 为了不吵醒那个正在睡觉的孩子，他说话声音很低。 7.As for your last letter 　 asking about my study and life　， I’d like to share with you how I’m getting along. 至于你上次来信询问我的学习和生活，我想和你分享一下我的近况。 8.The film 　we saw last night was very moving　. 我们昨晚看的那部电影非常感人。 维度三：语法与语篇 　　结合本单元的语法，根据汉语提示完成下面语段。 　　My mother’s job 1.　is selling fruit in a supermarket　 （在超市里卖水果）.There are all kinds of fruit， 2.　ranging from common apples and pears to imported fruit　 （从常见的苹果、梨到进口水果）.She often brings us some fruit 3.　selling well to let us taste　 （卖得好的水果让我们品尝）.Though some people think 4.　my mother’s job is boring　 （我母亲的工作是无聊的）， I think it is meaningful. 维度四：语法填空 （一） 　　La Tomatina is a festival that takes place in the Spanish town Buñol every August.I think many food festivals are 1.　boring　 （bore） because people are just eating.However， this festival is 2.　interesting　 （interest） because people don’t actually eat the tomatoes.Instead， they throw them at each other！The number of people 3.　taking　 （take） part in this tomato fight can reach up to 20，000， and it is a very 4.　exciting　 （excite） fight that lasts for a whole hour.The 5.　amazing　 （amaze） thing is how clean Buñol is after the tomatoes are washed away after the fight.This is because the juice from tomatoes is really good for making surfaces clean！ （二） 　　I think winter is a 6.　fascinating　 （fascinate） season， especially when it snows.The snowflakes 7.　falling　 （fall） on the fields cover everything like white quilts.In the morning， many volunteers 8.　wearing　 （wear） heavy coats come out to clean the snow.The roads 9.　being cleaned　 （clean） now will not be slippery any more.What children expect most is 10.　making　 （make） a snowman.With so many children 11.　playing　 （play） and 12.　laughing　 （laugh）， the cold winter is full of warmth and vitality. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　（2024·临沂高一下期末）Safer Internet Day is an awareness-raising campaign that started in Europe in 2004 and is now celebrated in more than 100 countries.Globally， it’s coordinated （协调） by the Brussels-based Insafe/INHOPE Network， with the support of the European Commission.From the United States to the United Kingdom， from Poland to Panama， these countries and the many in between， all have their own ways of observing the important day. 　　ConnectSafely has been the official US host since 2012.ConnectSafely lies in Silicon Valley， dedicated to educating users of connected technology about safety， privacy and security.There you’ll find research-based safety tips， parents’ guidebooks， advice， news and commentary on all aspects of tech use and policy. 　　Safer Internet Day aims to create both a safer and a better Internet， where everyone is empowered to use technology responsibly， respectfully， critically and creatively.The campaign aims to reach out to children and young people， parents and carers， teachers， educators and social workers， as well as industry， decision makers and politicians， to encourage everyone to play their part in creating a better Internet.By celebrating the positive power of the Internet， the Safer Internet Day slogan of “Together for a better Internet” encourages everyone to join the movement， to participate， and to make the most of the Internet’s potential to bring people together.With a global， community-led approach， Safer Internet Day encourages everyone to come together and play their part. 　　Safer Internet Day has been celebrated in classrooms across the US and in big， student-driven events in Austin， Philadelphia， San Francisco， Washington， D.C.and Los Angeles.Past speakers include Sen.Kamala Harris， Facebook COO Sheryl Sandberg and Sen.Chuck Schumer， along with local famous people. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了欧美国家的一个节日——网络安全日。 1.What can we learn about Safer Internet Day？（　　） A.It aims to collect money. B.It is celebrated in Europe. C.It has a history of about 20 years. D.It was created by the United States. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，网络安全日是2004年在欧洲开始的，现在已经有20年的历史了。 2.ConnectSafely is probably the name of 　　.（　　） A.a hospital　　B.a university C.a magazine　　D.an organisation 解析：D　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，从2012年开始，ConnectSafely就负责组织美国的网络安全日。由此可推知，它应该是一个机构或组织。 3.What’s the third paragraph mainly about？（　　） A.The benefits of Safer Internet Day. B.The purpose of Safer Internet Day. C.How Safer Internet Day develops. D.Why Safer Internet Day is important. 解析：B　段落大意题。根据第三段可知，本段主要介绍了网络安全日的宗旨和目的——创建一个安全健康的网络。 4.Safer Internet Day probably was first set up mainly for 　　　　.（　　） A.old people　　B.young people C.college students　　D.teachers and parents 解析：B　推理判断题。根据第三、四段可知，虽然网络安全日的服务对象包括孩子、家长和老师等，但最主要的服务对象还是包括学生在内的年轻人，最后一段提到全美各地的教室里都庆祝该节日。 B 　　（2024·浙江四校高一下联考）I don’t remember exactly what grade I was in when it happened.All I remember is that suddenly maths was no longer fun.Since the first grade I had always loved maths.I got 100 percent on almost every paper I did.All at once， we were doing something called multiplication （乘法） and I was no good at it.I struggled on my first few worksheets until the teacher gave us each a card.On it were written the multiplication tables.I stared at them and smiled.Here were all the answers I needed.I read them over and over until they became stuck in my head.On our next test I did great again. 　　I also began to notice how multiplication flowed through God’s creation.I saw how a tiny handful of seeds could produce a garden full of food.I saw how having two rabbits could soon give you twenty.I saw how tossing a little stone into a pond could produce ripples that seemed to go on forever.I also saw how a few caring words could heal a hurting heart.And I saw how a single act of loving-kindness could travel from person to person， heart to heart， and soul to soul until it circled the world. 　　The truth is that we are all multipliers （乘数） in this life.The only question is： what are we going to multiply？Are we going to multiply the fear， anger， and distrust that exist in this world？Or are we going to multiply the love， kindness， and forgiveness？I choose the latter and I hope you will do the same. 　　Be a multiplier then.Help God make this world a better place.Spend your days sowing smiles.Spend your days planting kindness.Spend your days sharing love.You will be amazed at how much and how rapidly it multiplies.You will be amazed at the harvest you will reap. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过自己学习乘法的经历，联系到人生中的“乘法”，并说明乘法的神奇魅力。 5.What can we learn about the card？（　　） A.It made maths more difficult. B.It helped the author greatly. C.It made the author like maths. D.It helped the author get full marks. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，作者刚开始发现乘法很难，后来老师给了他（她）写有乘法口诀表的卡片，然后他（她）的数学成绩又变好了。 6.What’s the second paragraph mainly about？（　　） A.The power of multiplication. B.The process of multiplication. C.Where multiplication is used. D.How multiplication is produced. 解析：A　段落大意题。根据第二段可知，作者通过举例说明“乘法”在生活中的神奇魅力。 7.What matters most according to the author？（　　） A.Trying to be a multiplier. B.Making multiplication easier. C.Multiplying something positive. D.Having the multiplication tables. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，作者将我们每个人都比作生活中的“乘数”，最关键的问题是我们选择什么去“乘”。作者主张选择爱、善良和宽容这些积极元素。 8.What’s the purpose of the last paragraph？（　　） A.To give a warning. B.To make a request. C.To provide a solution. D.To offer a suggestion. 解析：D　推理判断题。最后一段作者建议我们每个人都去作一个“乘数”，然后让这个世界变得更加美好。本段首句是段落主旨句。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 　　（2024·石家庄高一下质检）Since ancient times， China has been a country of etiquette （礼仪）.There are many stories about etiquette which have been widely handed down.In the book New Tales Commonly Told there is the well-known story “Kong Rong Takes the Smallest Pear”. 　　Kong Rong was a descendant （后裔） of Confucius.9.（　　）.Together with six other literary figures， he was honoured as one of the “Seven Masters of Jian’an”. 　　In his early years Kong Rong showed himself to be a hard-working person of talent.Once， when Kong Rong was four years old， he and his five brothers were eating pears.10.（　　）.His brothers noticed this， and thought it very strange.They asked him why he had chosen the smallest pear.Kong Rong replied，“I am the youngest brother； therefore， I should eat the smallest pear.” 　　When others heard it， they were very surprised that such a young child understood the ethics of yielding （让步） to others.His whole family realised that he was an exceptional person.11.（　　）， and later it was spread by word of mouth； it was even included in The Three Character Classic， in the words “Kong at Four Chose the Smallest Pear”. 　　12.（　　）.It is this heritage of countless numbers of children of China that has earned for China the fine name of “country of etiquette”.It is hoped that children today will cultivate fine manners so as to grow up to be well-mannered young people. 　　Etiquette is one of the Chinese people’s fine traditional virtues.13.（　　）.From their earliest years the children of China learn to understand and preserve etiquette， and it is by earnestly practicing it that the people have displayed a splendid moral character， promoting Chinese civilization through the ages. A.This story is about propriety B.Kong Rong chose the smallest one C.China is well-known as a nation of etiquette D.He displayed a fine sense of morality in every action E.Kong Rong’s father wrote an account of this incident F.He was a great literary figure in the Eastern Han Dynasty G.The promotion of propriety has encouraged harmony in our society 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。孔融是东汉文学家，孔子的后裔，为“建安七子”之一。文章主要讲述了著名的“孔融让梨”的故事。 9.F　本段主要对孔融进行简要介绍，F项说明他的身份，符合语境。 10.B　本段主要讲述“孔融让梨”的故事，B项符合语境，B项中的the smallest one指“最小的梨”。 11.E　本段主要说明“孔融让梨”这一故事的影响。应该先有E项中孔融父亲写下该故事，后有下文所说的该故事的广泛传播和影响。 12.A　下句中的this heritage暗示上句提到了一种传统，它与A项中的propriety相匹配。 13.G　本段主要说明礼仪在中国传统文化中的重要地位，G项符合语境。 Ⅲ.完形填空 　　（2024·河南六校高一下联考）Hansen and his 10-year-old son Chase search the streets of Salt Lake City every weekend for the homeless to take to lunch.They started Project Empathy （共情） four years ago to 　14　 a meal， listen to their stories and figured out how they could further 　15　. 　　“Just start with a smile， a hello.It really just starts with that.If you do it， you can make a connection.A small gesture can have a 　16　 influence on others less fortunate，” Hansen 　17　 in an interview. 　　Some of these shared meals have turned into stronger 　18　.Ward， a homeless person， was 　19　 in a flat.He credited the Hansens with helping him 　20　 the difficult process of moving off the streets.“It is great to have friends who make us feel 　21　 and I’m impressed with the pair，” Ward said. 　　Father and son’s 　22　 have developed into a project that 　23　 faith and community， which emphasizes the 　24　 community members can have in uplifting the homeless.They know they can’t settle the homeless 　25　 alone.They’re hoping empathy will 　26　. 　　“My hope for the future is to 　27　 more connection across our country.We could and we will succeed 　28　 we have other people join in and help the homeless，” Chase said. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Hansen父子成立“共情”项目帮助无家可归者的故事。 14.A.buy　　　　　　B.cook C.share　　 D.eat 解析：C　根据第三段第一句可知，此处应用share，是原词复现。 15.A.study　　 B.help C.work　　 D.live 解析：B　四年前，Hansen 父子启动了“共情”项目，来共享食物、听听无家可归者的故事以及想想如何提供进一步的帮助。 16.A.great　　 B.different C.common　　 D.regular 解析：A　根据下文可知，此处指一个小小的行为能够给那些不幸的人带来巨大的影响。 17.A.said　　 B.praised C.joked　　 D.wrote 解析：A　此处用了Hansen采访时说的一句话。 18.A.desires　　 B.connections C.motivations　　 D.opinions 解析：B　根据上文的If you do it， you can make a connection.可知，此处应用connection，是原词复现。 19.A.provided　　 B.permitted C.refused　　 D.housed 解析：D　根据上下文可知，此处是指Hansen父子给Ward提供了一间平房用来居住。 20.A.through　　 B.for C.into　　 D.over 解析：A　他感谢Hansen父子帮助他渡过了搬离街道的艰难过程。help sb through是固定用法，表示“帮助某人渡过难关”。 21.A.surprised　　 B.relaxed C.wonderful　　 D.calm 解析：C　根据上下文可知，Hansen父子帮助无家可归的人，和他们共享食物、给他们提供住所等，这让他们感觉非常好。 22.A.dreams　　 B.influences C.experiences　　 D.efforts 解析：D　根据上下文可知，此处是指父子俩帮助无家可归的人所作的努力，影响了周围的人。 23.A.assesses　　 B.compares C.highlights　　 D.respects 解析：C　父亲和儿子所作的努力已经发展成为一个强调信仰和社区的项目，它强调了社区成员能够充当帮助无家可归者的角色。highlight和emphasize是同义词复现。 24.A.importance　　 B.task C.chance　　 D.role 解析：D　此处是指社区的每个成员都可以帮助无家可归的人，即每个人都可以充当帮助别人的角色。 25.A.argument　　 B.problem C.debt　　 D.conflict 解析：B　根据常识可知，无家可归是一个社会问题。 26.A.go away　　 B.catch on C.turn out　　 D.give off 解析：B　Hansen父子希望“共情”这个项目可以流行起来，这样可以让更多的人来帮助无家可归者。 27.A.spread　　 B.miss C.exchange　　 D.maintain 解析：A　Chase说：“我未来的愿望是在全国范围内传播更多的联系。如果有其他人加入来帮助无家可归者，我们可以且一定会成功。” 28.A.before　　 B.if C.until　　 D.so 解析：B　参见上题解析。 Ⅳ.语法填空 　　（2024·合肥高一下期末）An Internet organisation is trying to persuade people to take part in the International Internet-Free Day， 29.　　 will be held every year on the last weekend in January.The idea is that people will leave the virtual world and go out into the real world.One 30.　　 （support） of the idea said， “The Internet can be like addictive junk food： food you can never get enough of but which you don’t 31.　　 （actual） want.” 　　A spokesman for the Internet-Free Day team 32.　　 （explain）， “It’s so easy to get 33.　　 （addict） to a half-life in a virtual world， and lose touch 34.　　 your family， friends and neighbours.Human beings need contact with the real world.Email and the Internet are just not enough.” 　　So， put down your mouse and turn off your computer.The real world is open all day every day and 35.　　 （welcome） visitors.It offers you the chance 36.　　 （feel） human again.The Internet-Free Day will give you back your real life. 　　Imagine your perfect day， suggest the idea to some friends and find 37.　　 exciting event to take part in.Then go out into the world outside your window， and make your perfect day a 38.　　 （real）！ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了国际无互联网日设立的时间、目的、背景、支持者对这个节日的看法，以及这个节日对人们产生的影响等。 29.which　句中先行词为the International Internet-Free Day，设空处在非限制性定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词引导。故填which。 30.supporter　根据空前的基数词One可知，其后的名词为单数形式。故填supporter。 31.actually　设空处修饰动词want， 应用副词形式。故填actually。 32.explained　根据上一段的said可知，句子时态为一般过去时。故填explained。 33.addicted　get addicted to表示“沉溺于”。故填addicted。 34.with　lose touch with sb 表示“与某人失去联系”。故填with。 35.welcomes　根据并列连词and前的时态可知，应用一般现在时；主语The real world为单数，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填welcomes。 36.to feel　名词chance后接动词不定式作定语。故填to feel。 37.an　空后名词event为单数，且event前面的形容词exciting的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。 38.reality　空前为不定冠词a，提示其后的名词为单数形式。故填reality。 11 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $