内容正文:
人教英语七下Unit8语法讲解和练习
核心语法:一般过去时与一般现在时的对比
一、语法点:一般过去时 vs 一般现在时
1. 核心概念与用法对比
两种时态的核心差异在于时间维度和动作/状态的持续性,具体结合语境拓展如下:
时态
含义与适用场景
时间标志词
例句
一般过去时
1. 叙述过去发生的一次性、已完成的具体动作(动作结束于过去,与现在无关联);
2. 描述过去某一时刻存在的短暂状态;
3. 讲述故事中的具体情节、发展过程(推动故事前进)
1. 明确过去时间:once upon a time(讲故事常用开头,“从前”)、yesterday(昨天)、last week/month/year(上周/月/年)、then(那时,承接过去动作)、one day(过去的某一天,区别于将来的“one day”)、ago(……以前,需搭配时间段);
2. 语境暗示过去:故事叙述中无明确时间,但情节为过去发生
Once upon a time, a king asked an artist to paint a horse.(故事开头,过去的一次性动作)
The mouse bit through the net, and the lion got out.(故事具体情节,动作已完成)
She was happy when she received the gift yesterday.(过去的短暂状态)
一般现在时
1. 叙述客观事实、永恒真理(不受时间限制);
2. 描述习惯性、经常性的动作(有规律重复);
3. 介绍故事、书籍、电影的核心设定、客观评价(固定属性,不随时间变化);
4. 说明事物的固有特征、功能
1. 频率副词:usually(通常)、often(经常)、every day/week(每天/周)、always(总是)、sometimes(有时)、seldom(很少);
2. 无时间标志词(客观事实/真理)
It is a great book.(对书籍的客观评价,固定属性) The mouse asks the lion not to kill him.(故事中角色的常态行为,而非单次动作) The sun rises in the east.(永恒真理) He drinks milk every morning.(习惯性动作)
本质区别总结:
· 一般过去时:“过去发生、已结束”,聚焦“具体事件的时间点/过程”;
· 一般现在时:“反复发生、恒成立”,聚焦“动作/状态的规律性/客观性”。
2. 句型结构对比
句式
一般过去时
一般现在时
易错提醒
肯定句
1. 实义动词:主语 + 动词过去式(所有人称通用);
2. be动词:
主语 + was(单数:he/she/it/单数名词)/ were(复数:we/you/they/复数名词)
1. 实义动词:
- 主语为复数/第一、二人称(I/you/we/they):主语 + 动词原形;
- 主语为单数第三人称(he/she/it/单数名词):主语 + 动词-s/es;
2. be动词:
- 单数主语:主语 + is; - 复数主语:主语 + are
1. 一般过去时实义动词过去式无单复数变化(错误:He workeds hard. 正确:He worked hard.);
2. 一般现在时单数第三人称动词-s/es变化(错误:She play football. 正确:She plays football.)
否定句
1. 实义动词:主语 + didn’t(did not) + 动词原形(所有人称通用);
2. be动词:主语 + wasn’t(was not)/ weren’t(were not)
1. 实义动词:
- 复数/第一、二人称:主语 + don’t(do not) + 动词原形;
- 单数第三人称:主语 + doesn’t(does not) + 动词原形;
2. be动词:主语 + isn’t(is not)/ aren’t(are not)
1. 一般过去时否定句中,didn’t后必须接动词原形(错误:He didn’t went to school. 正确:He didn’t go to school.);
2. 一般现在时单数第三人称否定句用doesn’t,不可用don’t(错误:She don’t like coffee. 正确:She doesn’t like coffee.)
一般疑问句
1. 实义动词:Did + 主语 + 动词原形?(所有人称通用);
2. be动词:Was/Were + 主语?
1. 实义动词:
- 复数/第一、二人称:Do + 主语 + 动词原形?;
- 单数第三人称:Does + 主语 + 动词原形?;
2. be动词:Is/Are + 主语?
1. 一般过去时疑问句用Did开头,主语后动词变原形(错误:Did she saw the film? 正确:Did she see the film?);
2. 一般现在时单数第三人称疑问句用Does开头,动词还原(错误:Does he plays basketball? 正确:Does he play basketball?)
特殊疑问句
1. 实义动词:疑问词 + Did + 主语 + 动词原形?;
2. be动词:疑问词 + Was/Were + 主语?
1. 实义动词:
- 复数/第一、二人称:疑问词 + Do + 主语 + 动词原形?;
- 单数第三人称:疑问词 + Does + 主语 + 动词原形?;
2. be动词:疑问词 + Is/Are + 主语?
疑问词需根据提问对象选择(时间用when,地点用where,动作/内容用what),避免句型混淆(错误:Where did you went? 正确:Where did you go?)
3. 动词形式易错点
(1)故事中的时态切换规则(核心难点)
· 用一般现在时的情况:
1 介绍故事的“客观属性”(评价、主题、核心设定);
② 引用故事中“反复出现的常态行为”(角色的固定习惯)。
例:The Little Prince is a story about love and growth.(客观评价);
The fox always asks the prince to tame him.(常态行为)
· 用一般过去时的情况:
1 讲述故事的“具体情节、发展过程”(单次发生的动作);
2 描述故事中“过去的短暂状态”。
例:The prince left his planet and traveled to Earth.(具体情节);
He was lonely when he first arrived.(过去状态)
经典例句对比:
✅ 正确:The Emperor’s New Clothes is a funny story.(客观评价,现在时);They lied to the emperor.(具体情节,过去时)
❌ 错误:The Emperor’s New Clothes was a funny story.(评价不随时间变化,无需用过去时);They lie to the emperor.(具体动作发生在过去,需用过去时)
(2)本单元高频动词形式
动词类型
动词原形
过去式
变化规则/记忆提示
例句
规则动词
ask
asked
直接加-ed
(清辅音后读/t/)
The king asked for his painting.(国王索要他的画作。)
规则动词
answer
answered
直接加-ed
(浊辅音后读/d/)
The artist answered politely.(画家礼貌地回应。)
规则动词
paint
painted
直接加-ed
(元音后读/d/)
The artist painted a horse quickly.(画家快速画了一匹马。)
规则动词
smile
smiled
直接加-ed
(e结尾,加-d)
He smiled and took the king home.(他笑着把国王带回了家。)
不规则动词
grow
grew
特殊变化(类似know→knew)
He grew angry after waiting.(等了一段时间后,他变得生气了。)
不规则动词
take
took
特殊变化(无规律,需牢记)
He took the king to his house.(他把国王带到了自己家。)
不规则动词
say
said
特殊变化(发音变化,拼写为said)
He said it took months to learn.(他说这需要几个月的时间来学习。)
不规则动词
bite
bit
特殊变化(类似write→wrote,元音i→i)
The mouse bit through the net.(老鼠咬破了网。)
不规则动词
lie(撒谎)
lied
规则变化(直接加-d,注意与“躺”lie→lay区分)
The two brothers lied to the emperor.(两兄弟向皇帝撒了谎。)
不规则动词
promise
promised
直接加-ed(e结尾,加-d)
The mouse promised to help the lion.(老鼠承诺会帮助狮子。)
(3)高频错误辨析
1. 混淆“lie(撒谎)”和“lie(躺)”的过去式:
· 撒谎:lie → lied(规则变化,单元核心词);
· 躺:lie → lay(不规则变化 )。
2. 一般现在时单数第三人称动词-s/es遗漏:错误:He tell funny stories. 正确:He tells funny stories.
3. 过去时与现在时混用(故事语境中):错误:The mouse asks the lion not to kill him and helped him.正确:The mouse asked the lion not to kill him and promised to help him.(同一语境下,动作均发生在过去,保持时态一致)
二、语法综合练习
一、单项选择(10题)
1. —_____ you read Little Women for English class?
—Yes, I did.
A. Do B. Did C. Are D. Were
2. —Do you know the story of The Emperor’s New Clothes?
—Yes, I do. It’s a funny story! Please tell me about _____.
A. it B. them C. him D. her
3. Once upon a time, a king _____ an artist to paint him a horse.
A. ask B. asks C. asked D. asking
4. —How did the mouse help the lion?
—It _____ through the net, and the lion got out.
A. bite B. bites C. bit D. biting
5. The two brothers _____ to the emperor, but the emperor didn’t know.
A. lie B. lied C. lies D. lying
6. I usually _____ funny stories to my friends. But I _____ them a sad story yesterday.
A. tell; told B. told; tell C. tell; tell D. told; told
7. The mouse _____ the lion not to kill him. He _____ to help the lion.
A. asks; promises B. asked; promised C. asks; promised D. asked; promises
8. The artist _____ a beautiful picture of a horse quickly.
A. paint B. paints C. painted D. painting
9. He _____ the king to his house and showed him all the paintings.
A. take B. took C. takes D. taking
10. “It took me months to learn how to paint a horse well!” he _____.
A. say B. says C. said D. saying
二、用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空(10题)
1. Once upon a time, a king ______ (ask) an artist to paint him a horse.
2. “Please ______ (give) me some time,” the artist ______ (answer).
3. The king waited for a few months before he ______ (grow) angry.
4. “Where ______ (be) my painting?” he asked.
5. Quickly, the artist ______ (paint) a beautiful picture of a horse.
6. The king said, “I ______ (like) it!”
7. The artist ______ (smile) and ______ (take) the king to his house.
8. There were paintings of horses all over! “It took me months to learn how to paint a horse well!” he ______ (say).
9. I usually ______ (tell) funny stories to my friends. But I ______ (tell) them a sad story yesterday.
10. The mouse ______ (ask) the lion not to kill him. He ______ (promise) to help the lion.
三、选择正确的动词形式填空(5题)
1. When I am / was a child, my favourite book is / was Peter Rabbit.
2. I usually tell / told funny stories to my friends. But I tell / told them a sad story yesterday, and they cried.
3. The mouse asks / asked the lion not to kill him. He promises / promised to help the lion, and the lion let him go.
4. The two brothers lie / lied to the emperor, but the emperor didn’t know that and buy / bought their clothes.
5. Usually, people feel / felt sad when they lose / lost something. But the farmer in the story didn’t feel sad when he loses / lost his horse.
四、按要求改写句子(10题)
1. Did you read Little Women for English class?(作肯定回答)
Yes, ______ ______.
2. The mouse bit through the net.(改为一般疑问句)
______ the mouse ______ through the net?
3. He grew angry after waiting for months.(对划线部分提问)
______ ______ he ______ angry?
4. The artist painted a beautiful picture.(改为否定句)
The artist ______ ______ a beautiful picture.
5. I told them a sad story yesterday.(对划线部分提问)
______ ______ you ______ them yesterday?
6. It is a great book.(改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)
—______ ______ a great book?
—No, ______ ______.
7. He took the king to his house.(对划线部分提问)
______ ______ he ______ the king?
8. The two brothers lied to the emperor.(对划线部分提问)
______ ______ the two brothers ______?
9. He said, “It took me months to learn.”(改为间接引语)
He said that it ______ ______ him months to learn.
10. I usually tell funny stories.(改为一般疑问句)
______ you usually ______ funny stories?
三、答案与解析(补充易错点提示)
一、单项选择
1. B
解析:答句用did,说明问句是一般过去时的一般疑问句,实义动词read前需用Did开头,对应句型结构对比。
2. A
解析:指代单数名词“the story”,用代词it,其他选项指代人或复数,不符合语境。
3. C
解析:“Once upon a time”是一般过去时的标志词,动词ask需用过去式asked,对应核心概念中“故事具体情节用过去时”。
4. C
解析:问句用did提示时态为一般过去时,答句需用bite的过去式bit(不规则变化),避免误写为bited。
5. B
解析:“lied to the emperor”是过去发生的具体动作,lie(撒谎)的过去式为lied,注意与lie(躺)的过去式lay区分。
6. A
解析:“usually”是一般现在时的标志词,第一人称主语用动词原形tell;“yesterday”是过去时标志词,用tell的过去式told,体现两种时态的对比。
7. B
解析:故事中的两个动作“请求”和“承诺”均为过去发生的具体情节,需保持时态一致,均用过去式asked和promised。
8. C
解析:描述过去发生的动作(画家画画),用paint的过去式painted,规则变化直接加-ed。
9. B
解析:and连接并列动作,showed为过去式,因此take需用过去式took(不规则变化),保持时态一致。
10. C
解析:直接引语的动作发生在过去,say的过去式为said(不规则变化),对应故事中过去的对话场景。
二、用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空
1. asked(“Once upon a time”提示过去时,ask的过去式为规则变化加-ed)
2. give; answered(祈使句中用动词原形give;主语the artist为单数,动作发生在过去,answer用过去式answered)
3. grew(wait用过去式waited,after引导的时间状语从句动作同步发生,grow用过去式grew,不规则变化)
4. was(主语my painting为单数,问句为过去时,be动词用was)
5. painted(“quickly”暗示动作发生在过去,paint用过去式painted)
6. like(直接引语中,国王的评价是即时的感受,用一般现在时like,体现“当下的态度”)
7. smiled; took(and连接并列动作,均为过去发生,smile的过去式为smiled(e结尾加-d),take的过去式为took)
8. said(直接引语的动作发生在过去,say的过去式为said)
9. tell; told(“usually”提示一般现在时,用原形tell;“yesterday”提示过去时,用told,对比两种时态的用法)
10. asked; promised(故事中两个连续的过去动作,均用过去式,保持时态一致)
三、选择正确的动词形式填空
1. was; was(“when I was a child”是过去的时间,用was;“favourite book”的属性是固定的,但此处特指童年时的喜好,与前文时态一致用was)
2. tell; told(“usually”提示一般现在时用tell;“yesterday”提示过去时用told,后文cried也印证过去时)
3. asked; promised(故事中的动作均发生在过去,两个动词均用过去式,保持时态一致)
4. lied; bought(“didn’t know”提示过去时,lie(撒谎)的过去式为lied,buy的过去式为bought,不规则变化)
5. feel; lose; lost(“usually”提示一般现在时,用feel和lose;最后一句“didn’t feel”提示过去时,lose的过去式为lost,体现时态对比)
四、按要求改写句子
1. I did(Did开头的一般疑问句,肯定回答为“Yes, 主语+did”,固定结构)
2. Did; bite(实义动词的过去时一般疑问句,用Did开头,动词bit变回原形bite)
3. When did; grow(对时间状语提问用when,过去时疑问句借助did,grow变回原形)
4. didn’t paint(实义动词的过去时否定句,借助didn’t,painted变回原形paint)
5. What did; tell(对宾语“a sad story”提问用what,过去时疑问句借助did,told变回原形tell)
6. Is it; it isn’t(一般现在时的一般疑问句,be动词is提前;否定回答为“No, it isn’t”)
7. Where did; take(对地点状语提问用where,过去时疑问句借助did,took变回原形take)
8. What did; do(对动作“lied to the emperor”提问用what,过去时疑问句借助did,lied变回原形lie,此处用do替代具体动作)
9. had taken(间接引语中,主句为过去时said,宾语从句需用过去完成时had taken,体现“过去的过去”)
10. Do; tell(一般现在时的一般疑问句,第一人称主语用Do开头,动词tell用原形)
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