Unit6语法讲解和练习-2025-2026学年人教版英语七年级下册

人教英语七下Unit6语法讲解和练习 核心语法：现在进行时与一般现在时的对比、天气表达 一、语法点1：现在进行时 vs 一般现在时 1. 核心概念与用法对比 两种时态的核心差异在于时间维度和表达侧重，结合表格更清晰区分： 时态 核心含义 时间标志词 典型例句 关键注意事项 现在进行时 1. 此时此刻正在进行的动作（说话瞬间）； 2. 现阶段持续进行的动作（非瞬间但持续） now、right now、look!、listen!、at the moment、these days Look! It is snowing. / He is learning English these days. 不可描述客观事实、自然规律、习惯性动作，仅聚焦“当前进行” 一般现在时 1. 经常性、习惯性动作（固定频率）； 2. 客观事实、自然规律、真理； 3. 主语固有特征/能力 usually、often、always、sometimes、every day/week、never、seldom、once a month The sun rises at 6 a.m. / She likes music. / He can speak English well. 描述自然规律、真理时，无论语境如何，必须用一般现在时 2. 句型结构对比（含动词变形规则） （1）现在进行时：主语 + am/is/are + 动词-ing 句式 结构说明与变形规则 例句 肯定句 1 I → am + 动词-ing； ② 单数主语（he/she/it/单数名词）→ is + 动词-ing； 2 复数主语 → are + 动词-ing 动词-ing变形： 1 一般加-ing（work→working）； 2 去e加-ing（write→writing）； ③ 双写尾字母加-ing（run→running） I am reading a book. / She is dancing. / They are playing football. 否定句 am/is/are + not（缩写：I’m not、isn’t、aren’t） She isn’t singing. / We aren’t late. 一般疑问句 am/is/are提到句首，I可改you； 肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + am/is/are； 否定回答：No, 主语 + am not/isn’t/aren’t Are you reading? — Yes, I am. / Is he playing basketball? — No, he isn’t. （2）一般现在时：主语 + 动词原形/动词-s/es 句式 结构说明与变形规则 例句 肯定句 1 复数主语（we/you/they/复数名词）及I → 动词原形；② 单数主语 → 动词-s/es 动词-s/es变形： 1 一般加-s（play→plays）； 2 s/x/ch/sh/o结尾加-es（wash→washes）； 3 辅音+y结尾变y为i加-es（study→studies）； ④ 特殊变形（have→has） We go to school every day. / He watches TV every evening. 否定句 1 复数主语及I → don’t + 动词原形； ② 单数主语 → doesn’t + 动词原形（注意：doesn’t后动词变原形） I don’t like coffee. / He doesn’t eat breakfast. 一般疑问句 ① 复数主语及I → Do提到句首+动词原形；② 单数主语 → Does提到句首+动词原形；肯定回答：Yes, 主语 + do/does；否定回答：No, 主语 + don’t/doesn’t Do you like music? — Yes, I do. / Does she go to school by bus? — No, she doesn’t. 3. 易错点提示（补充拓展） · 天气描述时态：现在进行时表“正在发生的天气变化”（It’s raining heavily.），一般现在时表“习惯性天气特征”（It rains often in London.）。 · 自然规律固定用一般现在时：The earth goes around the sun.（不能用现在进行时）。 · 频率副词位置：一般现在时中，频率副词（usually/often等）放实义动词前、be动词后（She often goes to the park. / He is always late.）。 · 瞬间动词的现在进行时：come/go/leave等可表“即将发生”（He is leaving for Beijing tomorrow.）。 二、语法点2：天气表达 1. 询问天气（两种句式互换及拓展） 核心句式：What’s the weather like? = How’s the weather?（天气怎么样？） 拓展用法：可加时间/地点状语，例：What’s the weather like today? / How’s the weather in Shanghai? 回答技巧：用“It”作形式主语，后接形容词或现在进行时（It’s cold and snowy. / It’s sunny.）。 2. 描述天气的常用表达 天气类型 动词-ing形式 （表正在发生） 形容词形式 （表状态） 例句 下雨 It’s raining. It’s rainy. It’s raining hard outside. / It’s a rainy day today. 下雪 It’s snowing. It’s snowy. It’s snowing heavily. / It’s snowy in Harbin in winter. 晴朗 —— It’s sunny. It’s sunny today. Let’s go out. 多云 —— It’s cloudy. It’s cloudy. Maybe it will rain later. 刮风 —— It’s windy. It’s very windy today. Don’t fly kites. 寒冷 —— It’s cold. It’s cold outside. Put on your coat. 炎热 —— It’s hot. It’s hot in summer. We often go swimming. 温暖 —— It’s warm. It’s warm in spring. 凉爽 —— It’s cool. It’s cool in autumn. 补充拓展：It’s foggy.（有雾的）、It’s dry.（干燥的）、It’s wet.（潮湿的）。 三、语法综合练习 一、单项选择（10题） 1. Look! It ______ outside. A. rain B. rains C. is raining D. raining 2. It ______ quite often in London. A. rain B. rains C. is raining D. raining 3. —What ______ the children ______ now? —They ______ a snowman. A. do; do; make B. are; doing; are making C. are; do; make D. do; doing; are making 4. The sun ______ at around 6 a.m. in summer in my hometown. A. rise B. rises C. is rising D. rising 5. —How’s the weather? —It’s ______. Let’s go swimming. A. hot B. cold C. snowy D. rainy 6. People often ______ kites in this season because it’s windy. A. fly B. flies C. are flying D. is flying 7. —What’s your brother doing? —He ______ beach volleyball right now. A. play B. plays C. is playing D. playing 8. It usually ______ here in winter, but today it ______ heavily. A. doesn’t snow; is snowing B. isn’t snowing; snows C. doesn’t snow; snows D. isn’t snowing; is snowing 9. —Do you have an umbrella? —Yes, it ______ outside. A. rain B. rains C. is raining D. raining 10. She always ______ a sweater because it’s her favourite. A. wear B. wears C. is wearing D. wearing 二、用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空（10题） 1. Look, it ______ (snow)! 2. It ______ (not snow) here in winter usually. 3. In my hometown, the sun ______ (rise) at around 6 a.m. in summer. 4. It’s so warm, but she ______ (wear) a sweater! She always ______ (wear) it. 5. Look at the kites! They ______ (fly) so high. People often ______ (fly) kites in this season. 6. It ______ (rain) outside. It ______ (rain) quite often in London. 7. The temperature ______ (be) -20℃! 8. Many people ______ (visit) this special place at the moment. 9. Some of the tourists ______ (be) from South China. They ______ (enjoy) the ice festival very much. 10. What ______ they ______ (do)? Some of them ______ (take) photos, and some ______ (skate). 三、补全对话（2篇） 对话1 is, snowing, doesn't snow, are, making A: Look! It ______ ______! B: That’s amazing! It ______ ______ here in winter usually. A: What ______ your family ______? B: We ______ ______ a snowman outside. 对话2 is, raining, rains, do, are doing A: Do you have an umbrella? It ______ ______ outside. B: That’s London weather! It ______ quite often. A: What ______ people ______ on rainy days? B: Well, some ______ reading books at home, and some ______ going to the cinema. 四、按要求改写句子（10题） 1. It’s snowing heavily.（对划线部分提问） ______ the weather ______? 2. They are flying kites.（改为一般疑问句并作肯定回答） —______ they ______ kites? —Yes, ______ ______. 3. It rains quite often in London.（改为否定句） It ______ ______ quite often in London. 4. The sun rises at 6 a.m. in summer.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ the sun ______ in summer? 5. She is wearing a sweater.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ she ______? 6. People often fly kites in spring.（改为一般疑问句并作否定回答） —______ people often ______ kites in spring? —No, ______ ______. 7. We are building a snowman.（改为否定句） We ______ ______ a snowman. 8. It’s cold and snowy.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ the weather? 9. He is playing beach volleyball right now.（改为一般现在时） He ______ beach volleyball every weekend. 10. They are visiting the ice festival.（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ they ______? 四、答案与解析 一、单项选择 1. C 解析：Look! 是现在进行时标志词，主语It为单数，用is raining。 2. B 解析：quite often 表习惯性动作，一般现在时，主语It为单数，用rains。 3. B 解析：now 提示现在进行时，复数主语用are doing，回答用are making。 4. B 解析：自然规律用一般现在时，主语the sun为单数，用rises。 5. A 解析：“去游泳”对应炎热天气，选hot。 6. A 解析：often 表习惯性动作，一般现在时，主语people为复数，用fly。 7. C 解析：right now 是现在进行时标志词，主语He为单数，用is playing。 8. A 解析：usually 用一般现在时（doesn’t snow），today 用现在进行时（is snowing）。 9. C 解析：语境提示正在下雨，用现在进行时is raining。 10. B 解析：always 表习惯性动作，一般现在时，主语She为单数，用wears。 二、用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空 1. is snowing（Look提示现在进行时） 2. doesn’t snow（usually提示一般现在时，单数主语否定用doesn’t） 3. rises（自然规律用一般现在时，单数主语用rises） 4. is wearing; wears（前句此刻状态用现在进行时，后句always提示一般现在时） 5. are flying; fly（前句Look提示现在进行时，后句often提示一般现在时） 6. is raining; rains（前句此刻动作，后句习惯性动作） 7. is（主语the temperature为单数，be动词用is） 8. are visiting（at the moment提示现在进行时，复数主语用are） 9. are; are enjoying（复数主语be动词用are，此刻动作⽤现在进行时） 10. are; doing; are taking; are skating（询问+描述此刻动作，均用现在进行时） 三、补全对话 对话1 A: Look! It is snowing! B: That’s amazing! It doesn’t snow here in winter usually. A: What are your family doing? B: We are making a snowman outside. 对话2 A: Do you have an umbrella? It is raining outside. B: That’s London weather! It rains quite often. A: What do people do on rainy days? B: Well, some are reading books at home, and some are going to the cinema. 四、按要求改写句子 1. What’s; like（对天气提问用What’s the weather like?） 2. Are; flying; they are（现在进行时一般疑问句及肯定回答） 3. doesn’t rain（一般现在时单数主语否定用doesn’t） 4. When does; rise（对时间提问用when，一般现在时单数主语用does） 5. What is; wearing（对正在进行的动作提问用What is sb. doing?） 6. Do; fly; they don’t（一般现在时复数主语一般疑问句及否定回答） 7. aren’t building（现在进行时否定用aren’t） 8. How is（对天气提问用How is the weather?） 9. plays（一般现在时单数主语用plays） 10. What are; doing（对正在进行的动作提问用What are sb. doing?） ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $