2026届高考英语第二次模拟考试练习卷（天津卷）

绝密★考试结束前 2026年高考第二次模拟考试（天津卷） 英语 （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：130分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分） 第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1．—I’ve booked two tickets for the concert, but my sister can’t make it. Would you like to join me? —________. I’ve been longing to see that band live! A．You bet B．Not really C．I’ll pass D．No problem 2．The historic library, which ________ countless rare manuscripts, was severely damaged in the flood last month. A．observes B．sustains C．preserves D．reserves 3．The documentary provides a(n) ________ analysis of climate change, backed by decades of scientific data. A．superficial B．comprehensive C．arbitrary D．conservative 4．The principal emphasized the importance of ________ cultural differences when organizing international exchange programs. A．being respected B．respected C．to respect D．respecting 5．After months of research, the team finally ________ a revolutionary method to recycle plastic waste. A．put up with B．came up with C．kept up with D．looked forward to 6．________ in the lab until midnight, the researchers finally observed the chemical reaction they had predicted. A．Having worked B．Working C．To work D．Worked 7．A series of experiments ________ in the coming weeks to test the new vaccine's effectiveness. A．are conducting B．conducted C．will be conducted D．had conducted 8．What puzzled the archaeologists was ________ the ancient city had been abandoned so abruptly. A．where B．how C．when D．why 9．The battery life of this smartphone surpasses ________ of its predecessor by nearly 30%. A．It B．those C．that D．these 10．The businesswoman, ________ innovative business model revolutionized e-commerce, announced her retirement yesterday. A．whom B．whose C．which D．who 11．________ his lack of formal training, the self-taught programmer developed an award-winning app. A．By means of B．On account of C．In terms of D．In spite of 12．________ the government increases funding for renewable energy, the carbon emission goals cannot be achieved. A．Even if B．Whereas C．Now that D．Unless 13．The sudden ________ of the CEO left the board of directors scrambling to find a replacement. A．resignation B．reputation C．resolution D．restriction 14．— The professor’s lecture on AI ethics was way over my head. — ________. Maybe we can discuss the slides after class. A．That’s a relief B．I’m with you there C．Don’t push it D．You’re on the right track 15．By the time the rescue team arrived at the earthquake site, over 50 survivors ________ from the rubble. A．have been pulled B．were pulled C．had been pulled D．would be pulled 第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16-35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 I Taught My Student About Scientific Failure As a Ph.D．student, I went through many 16 cycles developing theories that would later prove to be failures because of uncertain experimental results. When I graduated, I was not willing to 17 so many hours away from my young children with so little to show for it. 18 I embraced my love of teaching by working as a lecturer. A decade later, with my kids in school, my scientific 19 came out of hibernation (冬眠状态) and I 20 a position at a liberal arts college (文理学院), where I established my own small lab. In my undergraduate classes, I asked my students to complete lab experiments that were virtually 21 to get interpretable data. But after a few years, I grew 22 with the gap between those picture-perfect experiments and my own research projects. Yes, my students left lab sessions with results, feeling their time had been 23 . However, I worried I was cheating them out of the actual experience of practicing science, which 24 produces data on the first try. I decided to develop a new course that would give our students experience 25 real experiments, ones that had the 26 to fail. I gave the students a collection of papers to read. During group brainstorming sessions, they identified new questions that arose from what had already been done and collectively 27 their own theories. After spending time learning lab methods required to test their theories, they got to work performing their first experiment. On the day of data analysis, I handed them 14 Western blot (免疫印迹法) printouts and asked them to 28 the images and discuss their findings. Most 29 that their blots were correct — that the background bands they saw represented the proteins they had hoped to discover—and immediately jumped to interpreting the data. But I 30 to let them move on. After hours of struggle, one student finally spoke up. “It doesn’t 31 ,” he said. “The bands look the same size, but the proteins should be different sizes.” Terrific! This breakthrough helped his classmates start to look at the results with more 32 eyes. Within minutes, they were filled with ideas about what could have gone 33 . We spent the next two hours covering the blackboard with plans to study the procedures. My students were thinking like scientists — a development no amount of advance planning could have created. Research is messy and full of failed 34 . Trying to protect students from that reality does 35 to them. My students had a hard lesson in scientific failure and how to be resilient in the face of it. It is a lesson I wish I had learned before starting graduate school. 16．A．frustrating B．unforgettable C．demanding D．checkable 17．A．sacrifice B．devote C．invest D．spare 18．A．Besides B．Instead C．Nevertheless D．Otherwise 19．A．curiosity B．generosity C．productivity D．sensitivity 20．A．secured B．offered C．filled D．occupied 21．A．attracted B．guaranteed C．opposed D．restricted 22．A．unavailable B．uncomfortable C．unforgivable D．unsuitable 23．A．well-spent B．fast-paced C．never-ending D．badly-consuming 24．A．constantly B．definitely C．rarely D．usually 25．A．witnessing B．recording C．checking D．performing 26．A．alternative B．intention C．potential D．right 27．A．looked forward to B．came up with C．ran out of D．stayed away from 28．A．look over B．pick out C．search for D．throw away 29．A．doubted B．denied C．assumed D．guessed 30．A．determined B．expected C．hesitated D．refused 31．A．bear risk B．gain access C．make sense D．take effect 32．A．competitive B．imaginative C．negative D．objective 33．A．crazy B．virtual C．wild D．wrong 34．A．attempts B．desires C．promises D．regrets 35．A．benefit B．favor C．harm D．honor 第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Online internship (实习) opportunities for high school studentsNASA Internship Programs NASA’s internship programs provide training, mentoring and career development opportunities both remote and in-person. In addition to their Pathways Internship, NASA lists a range of internships on their “Explore Our Opportunities” page. For example, the listing “Connecting the Local Urban Fabric to Global Climate Change” is a virtual internship intended for both high schoolers in grades 10-12 and undergraduates. Payment: Most interns receive a paid allowance. Qualification: US citizens grades 10-12 (and ages 16 and up) can apply. Application: Application materials and deadlines depend on the specific internship. Building-U Internship Centered around helping high school students as they move forward into postsecondary experiences, Building-U offers 3-month internships to high school students year-round. Interns can join various high school teams, including Resource Development, Multi-media, Marketing, Blog Squad, Coding, Business, Social Media and more. Payment: No allowance provided. Qualification: Currently enrolled high school students can apply. Application: Send an email with your resume to the organization (rolling deadline). Energy Mag Research Internship This non-profit offers virtual internships to high school and college students who wish to learn about renewable energy and the energy storage industry. Virtual internships at Energy Mag provide on-the-job training in research, writing, and non-profit work. Half-time (summer) and quarter-time (school-year) internships are available to suit the needs of students’ busy schedules. Payment: No allowance provided. Qualification: Sophomores, juniors, or seniors in high school taking at least one honors English class with GPAS over 3.25 can apply. Application: The application involves an essay and interview, with writing samples and transcripts (成绩单) required upon request (rolling deadline). Bumper Ambassador Program Bumper is a team of high school and college students building an investing app for teenagers. You can get involved through the Bumper Ambassadors Program, which is perfect for high school students interested in investing, personal finance and startups. This program involves participation in weekly meetings on topics surrounding investments and financial literacy. What makes it unique is that after completion of this 9-week program, you will receive a letter of recommendation for jobs, internships and colleges. Payment: No allowance provided. Qualification: All high school students can apply. Application: Fill out an online form to become part of the summer group (no deadline listed). Teens couldn’t contact the author of this story. The author can contact Teens if necessary. 36．Which program offers the highest payment? A．NASA Internship. B．Building-U Internship. C．EnergyMag Research Internship. D．Bumper Ambassador Program 37．If you’ re interested in Multi-media, you might participate in ______. A．NASA Internship Programs. B．Building-U Internship. C．EnergyMag Research Internship. D．Bumper Ambassador Program. 38．Which two internship programs require an online application process? A．NASA Internship and Building-U Internship B．Building-U Internship and EnergyMag Research Internship C．Energy Mag Research Internship and Bumper Ambassador Program D．Building-U Internship and Bumper Ambassador Program 39．What is special about the Bumper Ambassador Program? A．It guarantees a paid allowance. B．It requires investing experience. C．It offers a recommendation letter. D．It involves monthly meetings. 40．Where can we probably find this article? A．In a career guide for high school students. B．On a university’s official job website. C．In a magazine focusing on postgraduate studies. D．On a website about renewable energy internships. B In my senior year of high school, while living with my grandparents, I discovered a unique talent: perfect timing. This discovery of my perfect timing was so astonishing that I kept it to myself, thinking no one would believe my ability to time my arrival at school with extraordinary precision. My mother passed away when I was 13, leaving me, the oldest of four, in the care of our grandparents. Our father was absent, so financial challenges were part of our daily life. This prompted my grandfather to work as the janitor (门卫) of our school—a large building for grades 1-12. To help out, I started assisting him after school to ease his burden, such as sweeping rooms and emptying wastebaskets, earning a small wage in the process. I continued this work until my final year of high school. By that time, Grandpa was eight years past retirement age. When the first cold snap of that year arrived, he fired up the school’s furnace (火炉). He quickly realized how difficult it had become for him to shovel the huge pile of coal chips required to fill the hopper (漏斗) of the furnace’s stoker (司炉). I volunteered to take on that job, a commitment that required me to set my alarm clock an hour earlier each morning. I’d fumble into coal-darkened jeans, go over to the school, and shovel a half-ton of coal into the hopper, enough to keep the fire blazing for 24 hours. The next morning, I’d fill it again. After finishing that chore, I’d go home, clean up, change clothes, and eat breakfast. I’d pace my preparations by glancing at the clock in the dining room—it would be years before I’d have a watch. Then I’d head back to school, always at the last minute. It was during those morning rushes to school that I discovered my superpower. What initially seemed like mere coincidence—arriving at the exact moment the first bell rang—quickly became a deliberate challenge. I meticulously (小心翼翼地) planned each morning to maintain this precise timing, revealing in the master y of my routine. Years later, at a school reunion, I recounted this story to Harold Spiry, the school headmaster during my time. I boasted about my perfect timing, recalling with pride how I had mastered my mornings to the second. ‘Oh that,’ he said, his eyes narrowing as he thought back to that time. ‘Do you recall that my desk and office windows looked out over the front of the building? I often saw you coming. And when you hit the sidewalk, I’d ring the bell.’ Oh, my ‘perfect timing’ was actually his doing. 41．What can we infer about the author’s character from his perfect timing? A．He lacks confidence. B．He is naturally lucky. C．He prefers to work alone. D．He values precision and discipline. 42．Why did the author’s grandfather work as a janitor? A．He was passionate about cleaning. B．He found it was the only job available. C．He needed the job to support the family financially. D．He wanted to stay close to his grandchildren at school. 43．What motivated the author to take over the task of shoveling coal for the furnace? A．He wanted to learn a new skill. B．He needed extra money for personal expenses. C．He wanted to relieve his grandfather’s workload. D．He was interested in the mechanical operation of the furnace. 44．What can we learn from Paragraph 4? A．The author’s devotion to aiding his grandfather with coal shoveling. B．The author’s daily routine of waking up early to attend school. C．The author’s development of a new skill in coal shoveling. D．The author’s realization of the importance of punctuality. 45．What message does the author’s story convey? A．Our accomplishments are often supported by unseen kindness. B．Challenges can only be overcome through personal hardships. C．Personal talents bring pride and joy to an individual’s life. D．Perseverance leads to the development of unique skills. C Life’s journey can often be a lonely one without the comforting presence of companionship. While the significance of friendship is frequently praised, the true essence (本质) of being a genuine friend is often overlooked. A true friend is like family, and the bond you share is strong enough to stand the test of even long periods without talking. Then what contributes to true friendship? Will Smith’s words, “If you’re absent during my struggle, don’t expect to be present during my success,” capture the essence of real friendship. We all face tough times, feeling depressed or even hopeless at times. A genuine friend stands by their companion through both the ups and downs of life. While it’s effortless to share joyous moments, friendship shines through during tough times. True friends do not abandon each other in times of trouble; instead, they face challenges together, providing mutual support even if it goes against their own interests. True friends not only stand by you through thick and thin, but also offer constructive criticism when necessary. Oscar Wilde once said, “The truth is rarely pure and never simple,” highlighting how tough it can be to tell friends things they might not want to hear. While delivering criticism is never easy, a genuine friend is unafraid to point out mistakes or misguided paths. Giving constructive criticism, along with helpful advice, is a key part of true friendship. A true friend will speak up if they see you heading down a harmful path, even if it’s uncomfortable. The reluctance to speak up against a friend’s bad decision may lead to regret. As Wilde suggests, truth can be complex, but it’s important to express genuine concern. In a strong friendship, honest and caring advice weaves a web of trust and mutual growth. In conclusion, the essence of true friendship lies in the willingness to sacrifice personal comfort for the benefit of a friend. Genuine friends are not fair-weather companions; they are present through highs and lows, and provide constructive criticism with care. To have even one true friend is a blessing that should be treasured. Let us strive to be true friends and, in turn, cherish the true friends we encounter on life’s journey. 46．In Paragraph 1, the author presents ______. A．the essential nature of true friendship B．the significance of family bonds over friendship C．the challenges of maintaining lasting relationships D．the contribution of personal qualities to true friendship 47．What can be learnt about true friendship from Paragraph 2? A．It merely exists during moments of success. B．It relies on criticizing friends during tough times. C．It prioritizes personal interests over companionship. D．It involves mutual support during both highs and lows. 48．The author develops his arguments through ______. A．adopting proper exaggerations B．employing famous quotes C．sharing personal experiences D．providing statistical evidence 49．What does the underlined part “fair-weather companions” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Friends who are always reliable and trustworthy. B．Friends who offer constructive criticism with care. C．Friends who only support you during good times. D．Friends who show little interest in your success. 50．What can be concluded from the passage? A．Better an honest enemy than a false friend. B．Friendship is the only ship that never sinks. C．Friendship is like money, easier made than kept. D．Friends catch you when you fall and push you forward. D Teenagers are perhaps those who are most susceptible (易受影响的) to peer pressure. In simple terms, peer pressure is what drives you to do something, whether it is negative or positive, in order to feel liked and respected by your peers. We’re constantly warned against peer pressure, given its negative connotation (含义). It’s often the main cause that makes you give in when someone tries to convince you to skip school with them, or to try and get away with cheating, stealing, etc. On the other hand, however, peer pressure has the capacity to have a positive influence over young lives. We go to volunteering events when our friends do. We study more when we hear that our friends got high marks on the last exam. We go to the gym because we see our friends getting more fit and want to become more physically attractive or healthy ourselves. So how do we cultivate a culture of positive peer pressure? The examples listed above are bonded together by a pair of common themes: friendly competitiveness and egalitarianism (平等主义). As children we were motivated by our teachers to obtain as many stars for our good behavior as we could possibly get. This worked because as humans, we love to have a feeling of accomplishment, especially when competing against those with relatively equal abilities and capacities. We’re negatively reinforced to work harder when we’re falling behind because we want to keep up and not get left behind. As long as the competition doesn’t grow to be too aggressively fierce, and as long as the playing field between competitors is relatively equal, this kind of competition can promote and improve the frequency of good behavior. Even if we’re not the winner, we still want to be on the same level as most so as not to feel left out. In my opinion, one of the most impressive things in my high school was the positive peer pressure we experienced against drunk driving. People planned out who the designated driver would be before a party and saw him or her as someone to be respected. Likewise, if someone planned on drinking without having someone that was sober (清醒的) who could drive them home, the host would sometimes let that person drive to the party and sleep over with their car parked in the driveway. Above all else, what most adolescents want, and frankly crave, is acceptance. Since the definition of what is “cool” and what is not is malleable (有延展性的) and within our control, we can create a culture of positive peer pressure that promotes values that are in our own best interests, and that starts with how each of us acts individually. 51．Why is it easy for teenagers to be subject to peer pressure? A．Because they are more sensitive than adults. B．Because they are very respectful in this period. C．Because they are unable to tell right from wrong. D．Because they are eager to gain peer recognition. 52．What’s the function of paragraph 2? A．To support the author’s opinion. B．To give a summary of the passage. C．To introduce the topic of the argument. D．To make the author’s argument objective. 53．What leads to positive changes on account of peer pressure? A．Encouraging teens to compete aggressively with their peers. B．Motivating teens to study harder when their friends excel academically. C．Reinforcing negative behavior in order to make teens keep up with peers. D．Creating a feeling of accomplishment when engaging in risky activities. 54．In the author’s high school, what is an example of positive peer pressure discussed in the passage? A．Students pressuring others to skip school and engage in risky behaviors. B．Planning for a designated driver before parties to prevent drunk driving. C．Allowing students to drive home after drinking without a sober driver. D．Encouraging competition between friends to see who can drink the most. 55．Which is the best title of the passage? A．The Comparison between Positive and Negative Peer Pressure B．The Ways to Resist Negative Peer Pressure C．The Power of Positive Peer Pressure D．The Impact of Competitive Peer Pressure 第二部分:写作(共两节，满分35分) 第一节：阅读表达(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分) 阅读下面短文，并根据短文内容完成下列各题。 When 16-year-old Colin Moore is out on the football field, he is putting his heart into the game and looks just like any other teenage athlete out there. But what makes him different than the rest, is that he’s playing without part of his arm. Moore was born without the lower part of his right arm, but he’s never let that stop him from achieving anything he’s put his mind to in his life, including football. “I’ve always had to have a mind of steel, heart of gold, and just move forward no matter what.” Moore said. Although his arm difference has never got in the way of anything, it’s been a challenge for him. But in everything he does, he’s worked twice as hard as everyone else to make sure he would succeed. Moore’s goal is to be a starting center, which requires a lot of body strength. Even though he is missing an arm, he makes up for it with his fast movements and strength, making him the perfect choice for this position. Moore looks up to the Philadelphia Eagles center Jason Kelce, and aims to be just like him one day. Moore’s hard work even got him noticed by his hero. After seeing a video of Moore playing football, Kelce sent him one back. Kelce told Moore that his perseverance is a great encouragement to him. He even invited Moore to join him and the Eagles at their training camp so they could meet him. Moore’s coach Frank Holmes agrees with Kelce and compliments Moore’s perseverance. “The thing I can say about Colin is this: he was born with a challenging situation, but every day he has a positive attitude and focuses fully on whatever he does. He trains hard.” 56．What makes Moore different from other athletes? (no more than 10 words) 57．How did Moore achieve his goal? (no more than 5 words) 58．What did Jason Kelce do after seeing Moore play? (no more than 20 words) 59．What is the meaning of the underlined word in the last paragraph? (1 word) 60．How does Moore’s story inspire you? Please explain. (no more than 20 words) 第二节：书面表达（满分25分） 61．假设你是晨光中学的李津，你校近期举办了“航天科技主题展”（Aerospace Technology Exhibition），通过图片和视频等多种方式，展示了中国航天事业的飞速发展和伟大成就。请你以“Reaching for the Stars”为题，为学校公众号英文栏目写一篇活动报道。 内容提示： （1）主题展的主要内容（天宫空间站建设、月球探测成果、航天工作者贡献等）； （2）师生们对展览活动的反响； （3）你参观展览后的感受。 注意：（1）词数不少于100；（2）可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。 参考词汇：月球探测 lunar exploration；自主创新 independent innovation _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 绝密★考试结束前 2026年高考第二次模拟考试（天津卷） 英语 （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：130分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分） 第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1．—I’ve booked two tickets for the concert, but my sister can’t make it. Would you like to join me? —________. I’ve been longing to see that band live! A．You bet B．Not really C．I’ll pass D．No problem 【答案】A 【详解】考查交际用语。句意：——我订了两张音乐会的票，但我妹妹不能来。你想和我一起去吗？——当然了。我一直渴望看那个乐队的现场演出！根据“I’ve been longing to see that band live!”可知，对方当然很乐意去音乐会。故选A。 2．The historic library, which ________ countless rare manuscripts, was severely damaged in the flood last month. A．observes B．sustains C．preserves D．reserves 【答案】C 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这座保存着无数珍贵手稿的历史图书馆在上个月的洪水中遭到严重破坏。A. observes观察；B. sustains维持；C. preserves保存，保护；D. reserves预定，保留。根据句意可知，此处为动词preserves“保存，保护”，满足句意要求。故选C项。 3．The documentary provides a(n) ________ analysis of climate change, backed by decades of scientific data. A．superficial B．comprehensive C．arbitrary D．conservative 【答案】B 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这部纪录片对气候变化进行了全面的分析，并以数十年的科学数据为支撑。A. superficial表面的；B. comprehensive全面的；C. arbitrary武断的；D. conservative保守的。由句意和analysis of climate change可知，这里指这部纪录片对气候变化进行了“全面的”分析。故选B项。 4．The principal emphasized the importance of ________ cultural differences when organizing international exchange programs. A．being respected B．respected C．to respect D．respecting 【答案】D 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：校长强调在组织国际交流项目时，尊重文化差异的重要性。作介词of的宾语，respect用动名词形式。故选D。 5．After months of research, the team finally ________ a revolutionary method to recycle plastic waste. A．put up with B．came up with C．kept up with D．looked forward to 【答案】B 【详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：经过几个月的研究，该团队终于想出了一种回收塑料垃圾的革命性方法。A. put up with忍受；B. came up with想出，提出；C. kept up with跟上，保持同步；D. looked forward to期待。根据句意可知，此处为动词短语came up with“想出，提出”，满足句意要求。故选B项。 6．________ in the lab until midnight, the researchers finally observed the chemical reaction they had predicted. A．Having worked B．Working C．To work D．Worked 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：研究人员在实验室工作到午夜，终于观察到了他们预测的化学反应。本句谓语为observed，此处为非谓语动词，作状语。逻辑主语the researchers与work为主动关系，且“工作到午夜”发生在“观察到反应”之前，应用现在分词的完成式having worked。故选A。 7．A series of experiments ________ in the coming weeks to test the new vaccine's effectiveness. A．are conducting B．conducted C．will be conducted D．had conducted 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：未来几周将进行一系列实验，以测试这种新疫苗的有效性。根据 时间状语in the coming weeks可知，句子时态应该是一般将来时。A series of experiments和 conduct之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态。故选C。 8．What puzzled the archaeologists was ________ the ancient city had been abandoned so abruptly. A．where B．how C．when D．why 【答案】D 【详解】考查表语从句。句意：令考古学家困惑的是，这座古城为何会被如此突然地废弃。空格处引导表语从句，表示“为何，为什么”，用why引导表语从句。故选D。 9．The battery life of this smartphone surpasses ________ of its predecessor by nearly 30%. A．It B．those C．that D．these 【答案】C 【详解】考查代词。句意：这款智能手机的电池续航能力比其前一代产品高出近 30%。分析句子可知，句子中需用代词指代前文的the battery life，the battery life是单数不可数名词短语，以避免重复。而that常用于指代前文的单数名词或不可数名词，尤其在比较结构中，符合句意。故选C项。 10．The businesswoman, ________ innovative business model revolutionized e-commerce, announced her retirement yesterday. A．whom B．whose C．which D．who 【答案】B 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这位女商人昨天宣布退休，她的创新商业模式彻底改变了电子商务。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是businesswoman，关系词在从句中作定语，应用关系代词whose引导，故选B。 11．________ his lack of formal training, the self-taught programmer developed an award-winning app. A．By means of B．On account of C．In terms of D．In spite of 【答案】D 【详解】考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：尽管缺乏正规培训，这位自学成才的程序员还是开发了一款屡获殊荣的应用程序。A. By means of通过；借助于；B. On account of 由于；C. In terms of就……而言；在……方面；D. In spite of尽管；虽然。根据“the self-taught programmer developed an award-winning app.”可知，前后是让步关系，即尽管缺乏正规训练，还是取得了成果。故选D。 12．________ the government increases funding for renewable energy, the carbon emission goals cannot be achieved. A．Even if B．Whereas C．Now that D．Unless 【答案】D 【详解】考查连词辨析。句意：除非政府增加对可再生能源的资助，否则碳减排目标就无法实现。A. Even if即使；B. Whereas然而；C. Now that既然；D. Unless除非。根据句意可知，此处表示“除非”政府增加对可再生能源的资助，否则碳减排目标就无法实现，所以用Unless引导条件状语从句。故选D。 13．The sudden ________ of the CEO left the board of directors scrambling to find a replacement. A．resignation B．reputation C．resolution D．restriction 【答案】A 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：CEO的突然辞职让董事会手忙脚乱地寻找替代人选。A. resignation辞职；B. reputation声誉；C. resolution决心；D. restriction限制。根据句意和left the board of directors scrambling to find a replacement可知，这里指CEO的辞职让让董事会手忙脚乱。故选A项。 14．— The professor’s lecture on AI ethics was way over my head. — ________. Maybe we can discuss the slides after class. A．That’s a relief B．I’m with you there C．Don’t push it D．You’re on the right track 【答案】B 【详解】考查情景交际。句意：——教授关于人工智能伦理的讲座我听不懂。——我理解你的感受。也许我们可以在课后讨论幻灯片。A. That’s a relief总算松了一口气；B. I’m with you there我同意你的看法/我理解你的感受；C. Don’t push it别逼得太紧；D. You’re on the right track你的思路是对的。根据前文“The professor’s lecture on AI ethics was way over my head.”可知，说话人听不懂教授的讲座，后文“Maybe we can discuss the slides after class.”表示可以课后讨论幻灯片，由此可知，此处表示“我理解你的感受”。故选B。 15．By the time the rescue team arrived at the earthquake site, over 50 survivors ________ from the rubble. A．have been pulled B．were pulled C．had been pulled D．would be pulled 【答案】C 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：等到救援队伍抵达地震现场时，已有超过50名幸存者从废墟中被救出。主语over 50 survivors与谓语动词pull构成被动关系，根据上文By the time the rescue team arrived at the earthquake site可知为过去完成时的被动语态，故选C。 第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从16-35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 I Taught My Student About Scientific Failure As a Ph.D．student, I went through many 16 cycles developing theories that would later prove to be failures because of uncertain experimental results. When I graduated, I was not willing to 17 so many hours away from my young children with so little to show for it. 18 I embraced my love of teaching by working as a lecturer. A decade later, with my kids in school, my scientific 19 came out of hibernation (冬眠状态) and I 20 a position at a liberal arts college (文理学院), where I established my own small lab. In my undergraduate classes, I asked my students to complete lab experiments that were virtually 21 to get interpretable data. But after a few years, I grew 22 with the gap between those picture-perfect experiments and my own research projects. Yes, my students left lab sessions with results, feeling their time had been 23 . However, I worried I was cheating them out of the actual experience of practicing science, which 24 produces data on the first try. I decided to develop a new course that would give our students experience 25 real experiments, ones that had the 26 to fail. I gave the students a collection of papers to read. During group brainstorming sessions, they identified new questions that arose from what had already been done and collectively 27 their own theories. After spending time learning lab methods required to test their theories, they got to work performing their first experiment. On the day of data analysis, I handed them 14 Western blot (免疫印迹法) printouts and asked them to 28 the images and discuss their findings. Most 29 that their blots were correct — that the background bands they saw represented the proteins they had hoped to discover—and immediately jumped to interpreting the data. But I 30 to let them move on. After hours of struggle, one student finally spoke up. “It doesn’t 31 ,” he said. “The bands look the same size, but the proteins should be different sizes.” Terrific! This breakthrough helped his classmates start to look at the results with more 32 eyes. Within minutes, they were filled with ideas about what could have gone 33 . We spent the next two hours covering the blackboard with plans to study the procedures. My students were thinking like scientists — a development no amount of advance planning could have created. Research is messy and full of failed 34 . Trying to protect students from that reality does 35 to them. My students had a hard lesson in scientific failure and how to be resilient in the face of it. It is a lesson I wish I had learned before starting graduate school. 16．A．frustrating B．unforgettable C．demanding D．checkable 17．A．sacrifice B．devote C．invest D．spare 18．A．Besides B．Instead C．Nevertheless D．Otherwise 19．A．curiosity B．generosity C．productivity D．sensitivity 20．A．secured B．offered C．filled D．occupied 21．A．attracted B．guaranteed C．opposed D．restricted 22．A．unavailable B．uncomfortable C．unforgivable D．unsuitable 23．A．well-spent B．fast-paced C．never-ending D．badly-consuming 24．A．constantly B．definitely C．rarely D．usually 25．A．witnessing B．recording C．checking D．performing 26．A．alternative B．intention C．potential D．right 27．A．looked forward to B．came up with C．ran out of D．stayed away from 28．A．look over B．pick out C．search for D．throw away 29．A．doubted B．denied C．assumed D．guessed 30．A．determined B．expected C．hesitated D．refused 31．A．bear risk B．gain access C．make sense D．take effect 32．A．competitive B．imaginative C．negative D．objective 33．A．crazy B．virtual C．wild D．wrong 34．A．attempts B．desires C．promises D．regrets 35．A．benefit B．favor C．harm D．honor 【答案】 16．A 17．A 18．B 19．A 20．A 21．B 22．B 23．A 24．C 25．D 26．C 27．B 28．A 29．C 30．D 31．C 32．D 33．D 34．A 35．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一位前博士生转变为讲师后，如何在教学中结合个人科研经历，改革实验课程，让学生体验真实的科学实践过程，包括面对实验失败的经历。 16．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为一名博士生，我经历了许多令人沮丧的周期，不断提出理论，却由于实验结果的不确定，这些理论后来都被证明是失败的。A. frustrating令人沮丧的；B. unforgettable难忘的；C. demanding要求高的；D. checkable可检查的。根据下文“developing theories that would later prove to be failures because of uncertain experimental results”可知，作者经历了很多令人沮丧的周期。故选A。 17．考查动词词义辨析。句意：毕业时，我不愿意为了那些微不足道的成果，牺牲陪伴年幼孩子的无数时光。A. sacrifice牺牲；B. devote奉献；C. invest投资；D. spare留出。根据下文“so many hours away from my young children with so little to show for it”可知，作者不愿意牺牲陪孩子的时间。故选A。 18．考查副词词义辨析。句意：相反，我投身于热爱的教育事业，成为了一名讲师。A. Besides另外；B. Instead相反；C. Nevertheless然而；D. Otherwise否则。根据下文“I embraced my love of teaching by working as a lecturer”可知，句子表示“相反，我投身于热爱的教育事业，成为了一名讲师”，空格处意为“相反”。故选B。 19．考查名词词义辨析。句意：十年后，我的孩子们都上学了，我对科学的好奇心从冬眠中苏醒过来，我在一所文理学院找到了一份工作，在那里我建立了自己的小实验室。A. curiosity好奇心；B. generosity慷慨；C. productivity生产力；D. sensitivity敏感。根据下文“where I established my own small lab”可知，作者对科学的好奇心苏醒了过来。故选A。 20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：十年后，我的孩子们都上学了，我对科学的好奇心从冬眠中苏醒过来，我在一所文理学院找到了一份工作，在那里我建立了自己的小实验室。A. secured获得，得到；B. offered提供；C. filled填充；D. occupied占据。根据下文“a position at a liberal arts college”可知，作者在一所文理学院找到了一份工作。故选A。 21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在给本科生上课时，我要求学生完成几乎可以保证获得可解释数据的实验。A. attracted吸引；B. guaranteed保证；C. opposed反对；D. restricted限制。根据上文“lab experiments that were virtually”和下文“to get interpretable data”可知，实验可以保证获得可解释的数据。故选B。 22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但几年后，我对那些完美的实验和我自己的研究项目之间的差距感到不舒服。A. unavailable不可获得的；B. uncomfortable不舒服的；C. unforgivable不可原谅的；D. unsuitable不合适的。根据下文“the gap between those picture-perfect experiments and my own research projects”可知，作者对那些完美的实验和自己的研究项目之间的差距感到不舒服。故选B。 23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：是的，我的学生们带着成果离开了实验课，觉得他们的时间花得很值。A. well-spent使用得当的；B. fast-paced快节奏的；C. never-ending永无止境的；D. badly-consuming消耗不合理的。根据上文“my students left lab sessions with results”可知，学生带着成果离开了实验室，所以觉得时间使用地得当。故选A。 24．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，我担心自己在剥夺他们实践科学的真实体验，因为科学实践很少能一次就成功获得数据。A. constantly持续不断地；B. definitely绝对地；C. rarely很少地；D. usually通常。根据上文“the actual experience of practicing science”和下文“produces data on the first try”可知，科学实践很少能一次就成功获得数据。故选C。 25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我决定开设一门新课程，让我们的学生体验做真正的实验，那些有可能失败的实验。A. witnessing见证；B. recording记录；C. checking检查；D. performing执行。根据下文“real experiments”可知，此处是指进行实验。故选D。 26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我决定开设一门新课程，让我们的学生体验做真正的实验，那些有可能失败的实验。A. alternative可供替代的选择；B. intention目的；C. potential可能性；D. right权利。根据上文“real experiments, ones that had the”和下文“to fail”可知，此处是指实验是有可能会失败的。故选C。 27．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在小组头脑风暴会议上，他们从已完成的研究中发现了新的问题，并集体提出了自己的理论。A. looked forward to期待；B. came up with提出；C. ran out of用完；D. stayed away from远离。根据下文“their own theories”可知，此处是提出了自己的理论。故选B。 28．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在数据分析的那天，我给他们14份免疫印迹法打印件，让他们查看图像并讨论他们的发现。A. look over查看；B. pick out挑选出；C. search for搜索；D. throw away扔掉。根据下文“the images and discuss their findings”可知，作者叫学生查看那些图像。故选A。 29．考查动词词义辨析。句意：大多数人认为他们的印迹法是正确的——他们看到的背景条带代表了他们希望发现的蛋白质——并立即开始解释数据。但我拒绝让他们继续下去。A. doubted怀疑；B. denied否认；C. assumed认为；D. guessed猜测。根据下文“that their blots were correct”可知，大多数学生认为他们的印迹法是正确的。故选C。 30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我拒绝让他们继续。A. determined决定；B. expected期待；C. hesitated犹豫；D. refused拒绝。But表转折，因此作者拒绝让学生继续，故选D。 31．考查动词短语辨析。句意：这说不通。A. bear risk承担风险；B. gain access获得进入；C. make sense讲得通；D. take effect生效。根据下文“The bands look the same size, but the proteins should be different sizes”可知，这个学生觉得这说不通。故选C。 32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这一突破帮助他的同学开始用更客观的眼光看待结果。A. competitive有竞争力的；B. imaginative富于想象力的；C. negative消极的；D. objective客观的。根据上文“This breakthrough helped his classmates start to look at the results with”可知，这个突破帮助学生更客观地看待结果。故选D。 33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：几分钟内，他们就充满了对可能出错之处的想法。A. crazy疯狂的；B. virtual虚拟的；C. wild野外的；D. wrong错误的。根据上文“The bands look the same size, but the proteins should be different sizes”可知，学生在想哪里出了错。故选D。 34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：研究是混乱的，充满了失败的尝试。A. attempts尝试；B. desires渴望；C. promises承诺；D. regrets后悔。根据上文“Research is messy”可知，研究是混乱的，充满了失败的尝试。故选A。 35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：试图保护学生免受这种现实的影响会对他们造成伤害。A. benefit好处；B. favor帮助；C. harm伤害；D. honor荣誉。根据上文“Research is messy and full of failed….Trying to protect students from that reality”可知，保护学生免受这种现实的影响对学生是有害的，故选C。 第二部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2.5分，满分50分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 A Online internship (实习) opportunities for high school studentsNASA Internship Programs NASA’s internship programs provide training, mentoring and career development opportunities both remote and in-person. In addition to their Pathways Internship, NASA lists a range of internships on their “Explore Our Opportunities” page. For example, the listing “Connecting the Local Urban Fabric to Global Climate Change” is a virtual internship intended for both high schoolers in grades 10-12 and undergraduates. Payment: Most interns receive a paid allowance. Qualification: US citizens grades 10-12 (and ages 16 and up) can apply. Application: Application materials and deadlines depend on the specific internship. Building-U Internship Centered around helping high school students as they move forward into postsecondary experiences, Building-U offers 3-month internships to high school students year-round. Interns can join various high school teams, including Resource Development, Multi-media, Marketing, Blog Squad, Coding, Business, Social Media and more. Payment: No allowance provided. Qualification: Currently enrolled high school students can apply. Application: Send an email with your resume to the organization (rolling deadline). Energy Mag Research Internship This non-profit offers virtual internships to high school and college students who wish to learn about renewable energy and the energy storage industry. Virtual internships at Energy Mag provide on-the-job training in research, writing, and non-profit work. Half-time (summer) and quarter-time (school-year) internships are available to suit the needs of students’ busy schedules. Payment: No allowance provided. Qualification: Sophomores, juniors, or seniors in high school taking at least one honors English class with GPAS over 3.25 can apply. Application: The application involves an essay and interview, with writing samples and transcripts (成绩单) required upon request (rolling deadline). Bumper Ambassador Program Bumper is a team of high school and college students building an investing app for teenagers. You can get involved through the Bumper Ambassadors Program, which is perfect for high school students interested in investing, personal finance and startups. This program involves participation in weekly meetings on topics surrounding investments and financial literacy. What makes it unique is that after completion of this 9-week program, you will receive a letter of recommendation for jobs, internships and colleges. Payment: No allowance provided. Qualification: All high school students can apply. Application: Fill out an online form to become part of the summer group (no deadline listed). Teens couldn’t contact the author of this story. The author can contact Teens if necessary. 36．Which program offers the highest payment? A．NASA Internship. B．Building-U Internship. C．EnergyMag Research Internship. D．Bumper Ambassador Program 37．If you’ re interested in Multi-media, you might participate in ______. A．NASA Internship Programs. B．Building-U Internship. C．EnergyMag Research Internship. D．Bumper Ambassador Program. 38．Which two internship programs require an online application process? A．NASA Internship and Building-U Internship B．Building-U Internship and EnergyMag Research Internship C．Energy Mag Research Internship and Bumper Ambassador Program D．Building-U Internship and Bumper Ambassador Program 39．What is special about the Bumper Ambassador Program? A．It guarantees a paid allowance. B．It requires investing experience. C．It offers a recommendation letter. D．It involves monthly meetings. 40．Where can we probably find this article? A．In a career guide for high school students. B．On a university’s official job website. C．In a magazine focusing on postgraduate studies. D．On a website about renewable energy internships. 【答案】36．A 37．B 38．D 39．C 40．A 【导语】本文是一篇应用文，主要讲的是为高中生提供的在线实习机会，具体介绍了五个不同的实习项目。 36．细节理解题。根据NASA Internship Programs部分“Most interns receive a paid allowance.(大多数实习生会获得津贴。)”可知，NASA实习提供的报酬最高。故选A。 37．细节理解题。根据Building-U Internship部分“Interns can join various high school teams, including Resource Development, Multi-media, Marketing, Blog Squad, Coding, Business, Social Media and more.(实习生可以加入各种高中团队，包括资源开发、多媒体、市场营销、博客小组、编码、商业、社交媒体等。)”可知，如果你对多媒体感兴趣，你可以参加Building-U实习。故选B。 38．细节理解题。根据Building-U Internship部分“Application: Send an email with your resume to the organization (rolling deadline).(申请：将你的简历发送电子邮件到组织（滚动截止日期）。)”和Bumper Ambassador Program部分的“Application: Fill out an online form to become part of the summer group (no deadline listed).(申请：填写在线表格成为暑期小组的一员（没有截止日期）。)”可知，Building-U Internship和Bumper Ambassador Program这两个实习项目需要在线申请。故选D。 39．细节理解题。根据Bumper Ambassador Program部分“What makes it unique is that after completion of this 9-week program, you will receive a letter of recommendation for jobs, internships and colleges.(它的独特之处在于，在完成这个为期9周的项目后，你将收到工作、实习和大学的推荐信。)”可知，Bumper Ambassador Program的特别之处是它会提供一封推荐信。故选C。 40．推理判断题。根据全文内容及标题“Online internship (实习) opportunities for high school students(高中生在线实习机会)”可知，本文主要介绍的是为高中生提供的在线实习机会，具体介绍了五个不同的实习项目，因此可能会在一份高中生就业指南中找到这篇文章。故选A。 B In my senior year of high school, while living with my grandparents, I discovered a unique talent: perfect timing. This discovery of my perfect timing was so astonishing that I kept it to myself, thinking no one would believe my ability to time my arrival at school with extraordinary precision. My mother passed away when I was 13, leaving me, the oldest of four, in the care of our grandparents. Our father was absent, so financial challenges were part of our daily life. This prompted my grandfather to work as the janitor (门卫) of our school—a large building for grades 1-12. To help out, I started assisting him after school to ease his burden, such as sweeping rooms and emptying wastebaskets, earning a small wage in the process. I continued this work until my final year of high school. By that time, Grandpa was eight years past retirement age. When the first cold snap of that year arrived, he fired up the school’s furnace (火炉). He quickly realized how difficult it had become for him to shovel the huge pile of coal chips required to fill the hopper (漏斗) of the furnace’s stoker (司炉). I volunteered to take on that job, a commitment that required me to set my alarm clock an hour earlier each morning. I’d fumble into coal-darkened jeans, go over to the school, and shovel a half-ton of coal into the hopper, enough to keep the fire blazing for 24 hours. The next morning, I’d fill it again. After finishing that chore, I’d go home, clean up, change clothes, and eat breakfast. I’d pace my preparations by glancing at the clock in the dining room—it would be years before I’d have a watch. Then I’d head back to school, always at the last minute. It was during those morning rushes to school that I discovered my superpower. What initially seemed like mere coincidence—arriving at the exact moment the first bell rang—quickly became a deliberate challenge. I meticulously (小心翼翼地) planned each morning to maintain this precise timing, revealing in the master y of my routine. Years later, at a school reunion, I recounted this story to Harold Spiry, the school headmaster during my time. I boasted about my perfect timing, recalling with pride how I had mastered my mornings to the second. ‘Oh that,’ he said, his eyes narrowing as he thought back to that time. ‘Do you recall that my desk and office windows looked out over the front of the building? I often saw you coming. And when you hit the sidewalk, I’d ring the bell.’ Oh, my ‘perfect timing’ was actually his doing. 41．What can we infer about the author’s character from his perfect timing? A．He lacks confidence. B．He is naturally lucky. C．He prefers to work alone. D．He values precision and discipline. 42．Why did the author’s grandfather work as a janitor? A．He was passionate about cleaning. B．He found it was the only job available. C．He needed the job to support the family financially. D．He wanted to stay close to his grandchildren at school. 43．What motivated the author to take over the task of shoveling coal for the furnace? A．He wanted to learn a new skill. B．He needed extra money for personal expenses. C．He wanted to relieve his grandfather’s workload. D．He was interested in the mechanical operation of the furnace. 44．What can we learn from Paragraph 4? A．The author’s devotion to aiding his grandfather with coal shoveling. B．The author’s daily routine of waking up early to attend school. C．The author’s development of a new skill in coal shoveling. D．The author’s realization of the importance of punctuality. 45．What message does the author’s story convey? A．Our accomplishments are often supported by unseen kindness. B．Challenges can only be overcome through personal hardships. C．Personal talents bring pride and joy to an individual’s life. D．Perseverance leads to the development of unique skills. 【答案】41．D 42．C 43．C 44．A 45．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位高中毕业生回顾自己所谓的“完美的时间把控”，实际上是校长在背后默默帮助他的故事。 41．推理判断题。根据第一段的“In my senior year of high school, while living with my grandparents, I discovered a unique talent: perfect timing. This discovery of my perfect timing was so astonishing that I kept it to myself, thinking no one would believe my ability to time my arrival at school with extraordinary precision.(在我高中的最后一年，当我和祖父母住在一起时，我发现了一种独特的才能：完美的时间把控。这个发现让我非常惊讶，我一直没有告诉别人，以为没有人会相信我能如此精确地把握到校的时间。)”可知，作者自认为自己有完美的时间把控能力，在上学时间上做到了总是精准到校，这表明他重视精确性和纪律。故选D。 42．细节理解题。根据第二段的“My mother passed away when I was 13, leaving me, the oldest of four, in the care of our grandparents. Our father was absent, so financial challenges were part of our daily life. This prompted my grandfather to work as the janitor of our school(我13岁时，母亲去世了，留下我这个四个孩子中最大的一个，由祖父母照顾。我们的父亲不在家，所以经济上的挑战是我们日常生活的一部分。这促使我的祖父在我们学校当门卫。) ”可知，经济挑战是他们日常生活的一部分，这促使作者的祖父去做看门人赚钱来养家糊口。故选C。 43．细节理解题。根据第三段的“By that time, Grandpa was eight years past retirement age. When the first cold snap of that year arrived, he fired up the school’s furnace. He quickly realized how difficult it had become for him to shovel the huge pile of coal chips required to fill the hopper of the furnace’s stoker.(那时，祖父已经过了退休年龄8年了。那年的第一股寒流来临时，他点燃了学校的火炉。他很快就意识到，要铲掉堆积如山的煤屑，以填满熔炉的司炉料斗，对他来说是多么困难。)”可知，作者自告奋勇去铲煤是因为祖父铲煤很困难，他想为祖父减轻工作量。故选C。 44．推理判断题。根据第四段的“I volunteered to take on that job, a commitment that required me to set my alarm clock an hour earlier each morning. I’d fumble into coal-darkened jeans, go over to the school, and shovel a half-ton of coal into the hopper, enough to keep the fire blazing for 24 hours. The next morning, I’d fill it again.(我自愿接受了这份工作，这项承诺要求我每天早上把闹钟调早一小时。我笨手笨脚地穿上深黑色的牛仔裤，去学校，把半吨煤铲进料斗，足够让炉火燃烧24小时。第二天早上，我再把它装满。)”可知，本段描述了作者早起铲煤来帮助他的祖父，展示了他的奉献精神。故选A。 45．推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Years later, at a school reunion, I recounted this story to Harold Spiry, the school headmaster during my time. I boasted about my perfect timing, recalling with pride how I had mastered my mornings to the second. ‘Oh that,’ he said, his eyes narrowing as he thought back to that time. ‘Do you recall that my desk and office windows looked out over the front of the building? I often saw you coming. And when you hit the sidewalk, I’d ring the bell.’ Oh, my ‘perfect timing’ was actually his doing.(多年以后，在一次同学聚会上，我把这个故事讲给Harold Spiry听，他是我上学时的校长。我夸耀自己的“完美的时间把控”，自豪地回忆起自己是如何掌握了每一个早晨的每一秒。“哦，那个，”他说，回想起那段时光，他的眼睛眯了起来。“你还记得我的办公桌和办公室的窗户都是对着大楼前面的吗？”我经常看见你来。当你走到人行道上时，我会按门铃。哦，我的“完美的时间把控”实际上是他促成的。)”可知， 故事的结尾揭示了作者的“完美的时间把控”实际上是由校长的善良促成的，说明我们的成就常常得到看不见的善意的支持。故选A。 C Life’s journey can often be a lonely one without the comforting presence of companionship. While the significance of friendship is frequently praised, the true essence (本质) of being a genuine friend is often overlooked. A true friend is like family, and the bond you share is strong enough to stand the test of even long periods without talking. Then what contributes to true friendship? Will Smith’s words, “If you’re absent during my struggle, don’t expect to be present during my success,” capture the essence of real friendship. We all face tough times, feeling depressed or even hopeless at times. A genuine friend stands by their companion through both the ups and downs of life. While it’s effortless to share joyous moments, friendship shines through during tough times. True friends do not abandon each other in times of trouble; instead, they face challenges together, providing mutual support even if it goes against their own interests. True friends not only stand by you through thick and thin, but also offer constructive criticism when necessary. Oscar Wilde once said, “The truth is rarely pure and never simple,” highlighting how tough it can be to tell friends things they might not want to hear. While delivering criticism is never easy, a genuine friend is unafraid to point out mistakes or misguided paths. Giving constructive criticism, along with helpful advice, is a key part of true friendship. A true friend will speak up if they see you heading down a harmful path, even if it’s uncomfortable. The reluctance to speak up against a friend’s bad decision may lead to regret. As Wilde suggests, truth can be complex, but it’s important to express genuine concern. In a strong friendship, honest and caring advice weaves a web of trust and mutual growth. In conclusion, the essence of true friendship lies in the willingness to sacrifice personal comfort for the benefit of a friend. Genuine friends are not fair-weather companions; they are present through highs and lows, and provide constructive criticism with care. To have even one true friend is a blessing that should be treasured. Let us strive to be true friends and, in turn, cherish the true friends we encounter on life’s journey. 46．In Paragraph 1, the author presents ______. A．the essential nature of true friendship B．the significance of family bonds over friendship C．the challenges of maintaining lasting relationships D．the contribution of personal qualities to true friendship 47．What can be learnt about true friendship from Paragraph 2? A．It merely exists during moments of success. B．It relies on criticizing friends during tough times. C．It prioritizes personal interests over companionship. D．It involves mutual support during both highs and lows. 48．The author develops his arguments through ______. A．adopting proper exaggerations B．employing famous quotes C．sharing personal experiences D．providing statistical evidence 49．What does the underlined part “fair-weather companions” in Paragraph 4 mean? A．Friends who are always reliable and trustworthy. B．Friends who offer constructive criticism with care. C．Friends who only support you during good times. D．Friends who show little interest in your success. 50．What can be concluded from the passage? A．Better an honest enemy than a false friend. B．Friendship is the only ship that never sinks. C．Friendship is like money, easier made than kept. D．Friends catch you when you fall and push you forward. 【答案】46．A 47．D 48．B 49．C 50．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了真正的友谊的本质，包括在困难时期的相互支持，提供建设性的批评，以及愿意为朋友的利益牺牲个人的舒适。 46．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“While the significance of friendship is frequently praised, the true essence (本质) of being a genuine friend is often overlooked. A true friend is like family, and the bond you share is strong enough to stand the test of even long periods without talking. Then what contributes to true friendship?”（虽然友谊的重要性经常被赞扬，但做一个真正的朋友的真正本质却经常被忽视。真正的朋友就像家人，你们之间的纽带足够强大，即使长时间不说话也能经受住考验。那么，是什么构成了真正的友谊呢？）可知，作者在第一段中提出了真正友谊的本质。故选A。 47．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“A genuine friend stands by their companion through both the ups and downs of life. True friends do not abandon each other in times of trouble; instead, they face challenges together, providing mutual support even if it goes against their own interests.”（真正的朋友会在生活的起起落落中陪伴他们的伙伴。真正的朋友在困难时期不会抛弃对方；相反，他们会一起面对挑战，即使这与他们自己的利益相悖，也会提供相互支持。）可知，真正的友谊包括在起起落落中的相互支持。故选D。 48．推理判断题。根据第二段“Will Smith’s words, “If you’re absent during my struggle, don’t expect to be present during my success,” capture the essence of real friendship”（威尔·史密斯的话：“如果在我奋斗的时候你缺席，那就别指望在我成功的时候你在。”这句话抓住了真正友谊的真谛）和第三段“Oscar Wilde once said, “The truth is rarely pure and never simple, highlighting how tough it can be to tell friends things they might not want to hear.””（奥斯卡·王尔德曾经说过：“真相很少是纯粹的，也从不是简单的，强调告诉朋友他们可能不想听的事情是多么困难。”）可知文章中作者引用了Will Smith和Oscar Wilde的名言来支持他的观点，故选B。 49．词句猜测题。根据文章第四段“Genuine friends are not fair-weather companions; they are present through highs and lows, and provide constructive criticism with care.”（真正的朋友不是not fair-weather companions；他们与你一起经历高潮和低谷，并谨慎地提供建设性的批评。）可推知，和“陪你经历高潮和低谷并谨慎地提供建设性批评的朋友”形成对比，“fair-weather companions”指的是只在好时光里支持你的朋友，故选C。 50．推理判断题。根据最后一段“In conclusion, the essence of true friendship lies in the willingness to sacrifice personal comfort for the benefit of a friend. Genuine friends are not fair-weather companions; they are present through highs and lows, and provide constructive criticism with care.”（ 总之，真正友谊的本质在于愿意为了朋友的利益而牺牲个人的舒适。真正的朋友不是酒肉朋友；他们与你一起经历高潮和低谷，并谨慎地提供建设性的批评）可知，当你跌倒时，朋友会抓住你，并推动你前进。故选D。 D Teenagers are perhaps those who are most susceptible (易受影响的) to peer pressure. In simple terms, peer pressure is what drives you to do something, whether it is negative or positive, in order to feel liked and respected by your peers. We’re constantly warned against peer pressure, given its negative connotation (含义). It’s often the main cause that makes you give in when someone tries to convince you to skip school with them, or to try and get away with cheating, stealing, etc. On the other hand, however, peer pressure has the capacity to have a positive influence over young lives. We go to volunteering events when our friends do. We study more when we hear that our friends got high marks on the last exam. We go to the gym because we see our friends getting more fit and want to become more physically attractive or healthy ourselves. So how do we cultivate a culture of positive peer pressure? The examples listed above are bonded together by a pair of common themes: friendly competitiveness and egalitarianism (平等主义). As children we were motivated by our teachers to obtain as many stars for our good behavior as we could possibly get. This worked because as humans, we love to have a feeling of accomplishment, especially when competing against those with relatively equal abilities and capacities. We’re negatively reinforced to work harder when we’re falling behind because we want to keep up and not get left behind. As long as the competition doesn’t grow to be too aggressively fierce, and as long as the playing field between competitors is relatively equal, this kind of competition can promote and improve the frequency of good behavior. Even if we’re not the winner, we still want to be on the same level as most so as not to feel left out. In my opinion, one of the most impressive things in my high school was the positive peer pressure we experienced against drunk driving. People planned out who the designated driver would be before a party and saw him or her as someone to be respected. Likewise, if someone planned on drinking without having someone that was sober (清醒的) who could drive them home, the host would sometimes let that person drive to the party and sleep over with their car parked in the driveway. Above all else, what most adolescents want, and frankly crave, is acceptance. Since the definition of what is “cool” and what is not is malleable (有延展性的) and within our control, we can create a culture of positive peer pressure that promotes values that are in our own best interests, and that starts with how each of us acts individually. 51．Why is it easy for teenagers to be subject to peer pressure? A．Because they are more sensitive than adults. B．Because they are very respectful in this period. C．Because they are unable to tell right from wrong. D．Because they are eager to gain peer recognition. 52．What’s the function of paragraph 2? A．To support the author’s opinion. B．To give a summary of the passage. C．To introduce the topic of the argument. D．To make the author’s argument objective. 53．What leads to positive changes on account of peer pressure? A．Encouraging teens to compete aggressively with their peers. B．Motivating teens to study harder when their friends excel academically. C．Reinforcing negative behavior in order to make teens keep up with peers. D．Creating a feeling of accomplishment when engaging in risky activities. 54．In the author’s high school, what is an example of positive peer pressure discussed in the passage? A．Students pressuring others to skip school and engage in risky behaviors. B．Planning for a designated driver before parties to prevent drunk driving. C．Allowing students to drive home after drinking without a sober driver. D．Encouraging competition between friends to see who can drink the most. 55．Which is the best title of the passage? A．The Comparison between Positive and Negative Peer Pressure B．The Ways to Resist Negative Peer Pressure C．The Power of Positive Peer Pressure D．The Impact of Competitive Peer Pressure 【答案】51．D 52．D 53．B 54．B 55．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了青少年最容易受到同伴压力影响，同伴压力虽然也有负面影响，但是如果创造积极的同伴压力文化，能够促进符合青少年自身最大利益的价值观。 51．细节理解题。根据第一段“Teenagers are perhaps those who are most susceptible (易受影响的) to peer pressure. In simple terms, peer pressure is what drives you to do something, whether it is negative or positive, in order to feel liked and respected by your peers. (青少年可能是最容易受到同伴压力影响的群体。简单来说，同伴压力就是驱使你去做某事的动力，无论是消极的还是积极的，都是为了得到同伴的喜欢和尊重)”可知，青少年容易受到同辈压力影响，是因为他们渴望得到同伴的喜欢和尊重，也就是认可，故选D。 52．推理判断题。根据第二段“We’re constantly warned against peer pressure, given its negative connotation (含义). It’s often the main cause that makes you give in when someone tries to convince you to skip school with them, or to try and get away with cheating, stealing, etc. (鉴于同辈压力的负面含义，我们经常被警告要提防它。当有人试图说服你和他们一起逃学，或者试图逃脱作弊、偷窃等行为时，这通常是让你屈服的主要原因)”以及第三段“On the other hand, however, peer pressure has the capacity to have a positive influence over young lives. (然而，另一方面，同伴压力有能力对年轻人的生活产生积极的影响)”可知，同伴压力有积极的影响也有负面的影响，所以第二段是为了让作者的观点更客观，故选D。 53．推理判断题。根据第三段“On the other hand, however, peer pressure has the capacity to have a positive influence over young lives. We go to volunteering events when our friends do. We study more when we hear that our friends got high marks on the last exam. We go to the gym because we see our friends getting more fit and want to become more physically attractive or healthy ourselves. (然而，另一方面，同伴压力有能力对年轻人的生活产生积极的影响。当我们的朋友去参加志愿活动时，我们也去参加。当我们听到我们的朋友在上次考试中得了高分时，我们学习得更多了。我们去健身房是因为我们看到我们的朋友变得更健康，我们也想变得更有吸引力或更健康)”由此可推断，B选项“当他们的朋友学习成绩优异时，激励青少年更加努力学习。”会由于同伴压力带来积极的变化，故选B。 54．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“In my opinion, one of the most impressive things in my high school was the positive peer pressure we experienced against drunk driving. People planned out who the designated driver would be before a party and saw him or her as someone to be respected. (在我看来，在我的高中最令人印象深刻的事情之一是积极的同辈压力，我们经历了反对酒后驾车。人们在聚会前就计划好谁是指定司机，并把他或她视为值得尊重的人)”可知，在作者的高中，文章中讨论的积极同伴压力的例子是在聚会前安排好指定司机，防止酒后驾车。故选B。 55．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其第一段“Teenagers are perhaps those who are most susceptible (易受影响的) to peer pressure. In simple terms, peer pressure is what drives you to do something, whether it is negative or positive, in order to feel liked and respected by your peers. (青少年可能是最容易受到同伴压力影响的群体。简单来说，同伴压力就是驱使你去做某事的动力，无论是消极的还是积极的，都是为了得到同伴的喜欢和尊重)”可知，文章介绍青少年最容易受到同伴压力影响，同伴压力虽然也有负面影响，但是如果创造积极的同伴压力文化，能够促进符合青少年自身最大利益的价值观。所以C选项“积极同伴压力的力量”符合文章大意，适合做标题，故选C。 第二部分:写作(共两节，满分35分) 第一节：阅读表达(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分) 阅读下面短文，并根据短文内容完成下列各题。 When 16-year-old Colin Moore is out on the football field, he is putting his heart into the game and looks just like any other teenage athlete out there. But what makes him different than the rest, is that he’s playing without part of his arm. Moore was born without the lower part of his right arm, but he’s never let that stop him from achieving anything he’s put his mind to in his life, including football. “I’ve always had to have a mind of steel, heart of gold, and just move forward no matter what.” Moore said. Although his arm difference has never got in the way of anything, it’s been a challenge for him. But in everything he does, he’s worked twice as hard as everyone else to make sure he would succeed. Moore’s goal is to be a starting center, which requires a lot of body strength. Even though he is missing an arm, he makes up for it with his fast movements and strength, making him the perfect choice for this position. Moore looks up to the Philadelphia Eagles center Jason Kelce, and aims to be just like him one day. Moore’s hard work even got him noticed by his hero. After seeing a video of Moore playing football, Kelce sent him one back. Kelce told Moore that his perseverance is a great encouragement to him. He even invited Moore to join him and the Eagles at their training camp so they could meet him. Moore’s coach Frank Holmes agrees with Kelce and compliments Moore’s perseverance. “The thing I can say about Colin is this: he was born with a challenging situation, but every day he has a positive attitude and focuses fully on whatever he does. He trains hard.” 56．What makes Moore different from other athletes? (no more than 10 words) 57．How did Moore achieve his goal? (no more than 5 words) 58．What did Jason Kelce do after seeing Moore play? (no more than 20 words) 59．What is the meaning of the underlined word in the last paragraph? (1 word) 60．How does Moore’s story inspire you? Please explain. (no more than 20 words) 【答案】56．He plays football without part of his arm. / He plays football with a part of his arm missing./Playing football without part of his arm./ He plays without part of his arm. 57．By working hard. / By training hard. / With perseverance./ With hard work. 58．Kelce sent him a video, praised his perseverance, and invited him to training camp. / Kelce was inspired by his perseverance and invited him to train with him. 59．Praises./ Admires. /Appreciates./ Respects./ Applauds./ Honors. 60．Moore’s story inspires me to persevere despite challenges and work hard to achieve my goals. 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位名叫科林·摩尔的16岁足球运动员，尽管天生缺失右臂下半部分，但他从不放弃，凭借坚定的意志和努力，成功在足球场上脱颖而出。 56．考查细节理解。根据第一段中“But what makes him different than the rest, is that he’s playing without part of his arm.(但让他与众不同的是，他在部分手臂缺失的情况下参加比赛)”可知，穆尔与其他参加比赛的运动员不同，他部分手臂缺失。故答案为：He plays football without part of his arm. / He plays football with a part of his arm missing./Playing football without part of his arm./ He plays without part of his arm. 57．考查细节理解。根据第二段中“Moore was born without the lower part of his right arm, but he’s never let that stop him from achieving anything he’s put his mind to in his life, including football. “I’ve always had to have a mind of steel, heart of gold, and just move forward no matter what.” Moore said.(摩尔出生时没有右臂下半部分，但他从未让这阻止他实现他一生中想要实现的任何目标，包括足球。“我必须有钢铁般的头脑，金子般的心，无论如何都要勇往直前。”摩尔说)”和第三段中“But in everything he does, he’s worked twice as hard as everyone else to make sure he would succeed.(但在他所做的每件事上，他都比其他人付出了两倍的努力，以确保他能成功)”可知，摩尔是通过加倍的努力来实现他的目标。故答案为：By working hard. / By training hard. / With perseverance./ With hard work. 58．考查细节理解。根据第四段中“After seeing a video of Moore playing football, Kelce sent him one back. Kelce told Moore that his perseverance is a great encouragement to him. He even invited Moore to join him and the Eagles at their training camp so they could meet him.(在看到摩尔踢足球的视频后，凯尔丝给他发了一个视频。凯尔斯告诉摩尔，他的毅力对他来说是一个很大的鼓励。他甚至邀请摩尔加入他和老鹰队的训练营，这样他们就能见到他了)”可知，杰森·凯尔斯看完摩尔的表演后给他发了一段视频，被他的毅力所鼓舞，赞扬了他的毅力，并邀请摩尔参加训练营一起训练。故答案为：Kelce sent him a video, praised his perseverance, and invited him to training camp. / Kelce was inspired by his perseverance and invited him to train with him. 考查词义猜测。根据划线词下文摩尔的教练弗兰克·霍姆斯的话“The thing I can say about Colin is this: he was born with a challenging situation, but every day he has a positive attitude and focuses fully on whatever he does. He trains hard.(关于科林，我能说的是：他出生在一个充满挑战的环境中，但他每天都有积极的态度，完全专注于他所做的一切。他刻苦训练)”可知，这是教练弗兰克·霍姆斯对科林·摩尔的赞美之词，赞美了摩尔的毅力。故划线词compliments是指“赞美”，与praises, admires, appreciates, respects, applauds和honors等词同义。故答案为：Praises./ Admires. /Appreciates./ Respects./ Applauds./ Honors. 59．考查推理判断。文章讲述了一位名叫科林·摩尔的16岁足球运动员，尽管天生缺失右臂下半部分，但他从不放弃，凭借坚定的意志和努力，成功在足球场上脱颖而出的故事。摩尔的故事让我明白要不畏挑战，坚持不懈，努力实现自己的目标。故答案为：Moore’s story inspires me to persevere despite challenges and work hard to achieve my goals. 第二节：书面表达（满分25分） 61．假设你是晨光中学的李津，你校近期举办了“航天科技主题展”（Aerospace Technology Exhibition），通过图片和视频等多种方式，展示了中国航天事业的飞速发展和伟大成就。请你以“Reaching for the Stars”为题，为学校公众号英文栏目写一篇活动报道。 内容提示： （1）主题展的主要内容（天宫空间站建设、月球探测成果、航天工作者贡献等）； （2）师生们对展览活动的反响； （3）你参观展览后的感受。 注意：（1）词数不少于100；（2）可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。 参考词汇：月球探测 lunar exploration；自主创新 independent innovation _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Reaching for the Stars       Our school recently held an Aerospace Technology Exhibition, showcasing China’s remarkable achievements in space exploration. The exhibition featured stunning images and videos of the Tiangong Space Station, highlighting its construction and scientific missions. Visitors also learned about lunar exploration, including the Chang’e missions, and the dedication of Chinese aerospace scientists through independent innovation.        Both teachers and students were deeply impressed. Many said they felt proud of China’s rapid progress in space technology. Some students even expressed interest in pursuing careers in aerospace after seeing the inspiring stories of scientists and astronauts.        Personally, I was amazed by how far China has come in space exploration. The exhibition not only broadened my knowledge but also strengthened my belief that with hard work and creativity, we can achieve even greater milestones in the future. 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。要求考生以“Reaching for the Stars”为题，为学校公众号英文栏目写一篇活动报道，报道学校近期举办的“航天科技主题展”（Aerospace Technology Exhibition）的情况。 【详解】1.词汇积累 举办：hold →host 成就：achievement →accomplishment 强调：highlight →emphasize 以……为骄傲：feel proud of →take pride in 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：The exhibition featured stunning images and videos of the Tiangong Space Station, highlighting its construction and scientific missions. 拓展句：The exhibition featured stunning images and videos of the Tiangong Space Station, which highlighted its construction and scientific missions. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Personally, I was amazed by how far China has come in space exploration. (运用了how引导的宾语从句) 【高分句型2】The exhibition not only broadened my knowledge but also strengthened my belief that with hard work and creativity, we can achieve even greater milestones in the future.(运用了that引导的同位语从句) 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $