Unit2语法讲解和练习-2025-2026学年人教版英语七年级下册 -

该初中英语单元知识清单系统梳理了人教七下Unit2核心语法，涵盖祈使句（概念、句型结构、用法提示）和情态动词（can, have to, must）的词义对比、易错点辨析，搭建了从基础概念理解到综合应用练习的递进式学习支架。 清单通过表格对比情态动词用法、标注易错点（如must与have to的主客观差异），设计单选、填空、补全对话等多样化练习，答案解析详尽。既培养学生语言能力（语法应用）和思维品质（对比辨析），又通过分层练习支持不同水平学生自主学习，教师可直接用于课堂讲解与巩固训练，提升教学效率。

人教英语七下Unit2语法讲解和练习 核心语法：祈使句、情态动词（can, have to, must）的用法 一、语法点1：祈使句（表达规则、命令或建议） 1. 核心概念 祈使句是用来发出指令、提出建议或表达要求的句子，通常省略主语you，以动词原形开头。 2. 句型结构 类型 结构 例句 肯定祈使句 动词原形 + 其他 Walk in the hallway.（在走廊里走。） Be polite.（要有礼貌。） 否定祈使句 Don’t + 动词原形 + 其他 Don’t run!（别跑！） Don’t litter.（别乱扔垃圾。） 3. 用法提示 句首可加“please”使语气更委婉： Please wait your turn. = Wait your turn, please. 否定祈使句也可用“Never + 动词原形”表达强烈禁止： Never jump the queue.（永远不要插队。） 二、语法点2：情态动词（can, have to, must） 1. 词义与用法对比 情态动词 含义 肯定/否定形式 例句 can 表“能力、许可” 肯定：can + 动词原形否定：can’t（不能/不可以） Can we bring phones to class?（我们能把手机带到课堂吗？）No, we can’t.（不行。） must 表“必须、强制”，语气最强 肯定：must + 动词原形否定：mustn’t（禁止，不准） We must keep quiet in the library.（我们在图书馆必须保持安静。）You mustn’t litter.（不准乱扔垃圾。） have to 表“不得不、必须”，强调客观要求 肯定：have to + 动词原形否定：don’t have to（不必） We have to eat in the dining hall.（我们必须在食堂吃饭。）You don’t have to wear a uniform today.（你今天不必穿校服。） 2. 易错点辨析 must vs have to must 侧重说话人的主观要求：I must finish my homework now.（我必须现在完成作业。） have to 侧重客观条件的要求：I have to finish my homework because the teacher will check it.（因为老师要检查，我不得不完成作业。） mustn’t vs don’t have to mustn’t = 禁止，绝对不能做：You mustn’t smoke here.（这里禁止吸烟。） don’t have to = 不必，可做可不做：You don’t have to come early tomorrow.（你明天不必早来。） 三、语法综合练习 一、单项选择（10题） 1. —_____ run in the hallway! It’s dangerous. —Sorry, I won’t. A. Not B. Don’t C. Can’t D. Mustn’t 2. You _____ wait for the green light before you cross the street. A. can B. have to C. mustn’t D. don’t have to 3. —Can I eat snacks in class? —No, you _____. A. can B. can’t C. must D. mustn’t 4. We _____ keep our phones in our lockers during class. A. can B. have to C. mustn’t D. don’t have to 5. —_____ I use your dictionary? —Yes, you can. A. Can B. Must C. Have to D. Do 6. You _____ be late for school. It’s one of our school rules. A. can B. can’t C. must D. mustn’t 7. I _____ finish my homework first, then I can go out to play. A. can B. have to C. mustn’t D. don’t have to 8. —Do we _____ wear uniforms every day? —No, we don’t. Only on Mondays. A. can B. must C. have to D. can’t 9. _____ quiet in the library, please. A. Be B. Being C. To be D. Are 10. You _____ talk loudly in the hospital. A. can B. can’t C. must D. mustn’t 二、用括号内所给情态动词或动词的适当形式填空（10题） 1. Don’t jump the queue. You ______ (have to) wait your turn. 2. I ______ (can) feed my dog many kinds of food, but I ______ (can’t) give him chocolate. 3. A: Can I leave the classroom if I don’t feel well? B: Yes, but you ______ (have to) tell your teacher about it when you ______ (be) absent from class. 4. Shh, we ______ (must) talk quietly in the library. 5. We ______ (have to) wear seat belts when we’re in a car. 6. ______ (not run) in the classroom! 7. You ______ (mustn’t) litter in the park. 8. —Can I use your bike? —Yes, you ______ (can). 9. We ______ (have to) finish the project today, or we will be punished. 10. ______ (be) polite to your classmates. 三、补全对话（2篇） 对话1 can, have to, must, can't, don't have to A: Hi, Tom! ______ I borrow your English notebook? B: Sure, you ______. But you ______ return it to me before class. A: No problem. By the way, do we ______ wear sports shoes for PE class today? B: Yes, we ______. And we ______ wear jeans. A: OK, I remember. 对话2 must, mustn't, can, have to, don't have to A: Excuse me, what are the rules in this museum? B: Well, you ______ keep your voice down. You ______ shout here. A: Can I take photos? B: No, you ______. There’s a “No Photos” sign. A: Do I ______ leave my bag at the entrance? B: Yes, you ______. But you ______ worry about your personal things. We have lockers for visitors. 四、按要求改写句子（10题） 1. You can eat in the dining hall.（改为否定句） You ______ ______ in the dining hall. 2. We must keep quiet in the library.（改为祈使句） ______ ______ in the library. 3. You have to wear a uniform.（改为一般疑问句） ______ you ______ ______ wear a uniform? 4. Don’t run in the hallway.（用mustn’t改写） You ______ ______ in the hallway. 5. Can I use your computer?（作肯定回答） Yes, ______ ______. 6. We mustn’t litter.（改为同义句） ______ ______ litter! 7. I have to finish my homework now.（改为否定句） I ______ ______ ______ finish my homework now. 8. Be polite to others.（改为否定句） ______ ______ polite to others. 9. You can’t bring phones to class.（用mustn’t改写） You ______ ______ phones to class. 10. Do we have to clean the classroom today?（作否定回答） No, we ______ ______ ______. 四、答案与解析 一、单项选择 1. B 解析：否定祈使句用Don’t + 动词原形。 2. B 解析：过马路等绿灯是客观要求，用have to。 3. B 解析：Can I...?的否定回答用No, you can’t.。 4. B 解析：上课期间把手机放在储物柜是学校的规定，用have to。 5. A 解析：请求许可用Can I...?。 6. D 解析：上学不准迟到是学校规则，用mustn’t表禁止。 7. B 解析：必须先完成作业是客观要求，用have to。 8. C 解析：询问是否“不得不”做某事，用have to。 9. A 解析：肯定祈使句以动词原形开头，Be quiet是固定表达。 10. D 解析：医院里禁止大声说话，用mustn’t表强烈禁止。 二、用括号内所给情态动词或动词的适当形式填空 1. have to 2. can; can’t 3. have to; are 4. must 5. have to 6. Don’t run 7. mustn’t 8. can 9. have to 10. Be 三、补全对话 对话1 A: Hi, Tom! Can I borrow your English notebook? B: Sure, you can. But you have to return it to me before class. A: No problem. By the way, do we have to wear sports shoes for PE class today? B: Yes, we must. And we can’t wear jeans. A: OK, I remember. 对话2 A: Excuse me, what are the rules in this museum? B: Well, you must keep your voice down. You mustn’t shout here. A: Can I take photos? B: No, you can’t. There’s a “No Photos” sign. A: Do I have to leave my bag at the entrance? B: Yes, you have to. But you don’t have to worry about your personal things. We have lockers for visitors. 四、按要求改写句子 1. can’t eat 2. Keep quiet 3. Do; have to 4. mustn’t run 5. you can 6. Don’t 7. don’t have to 8. Don’t be 9. mustn’t bring 10. don’t have to ( 1 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $