专题02 语法填空之有提示词填空（方法技巧篇）（全国通用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

该高中英语讲义聚焦高考语法填空中的有提示词填空核心考点，涵盖动词变形、词性转换、代词与冠词等，按基础认知、专项突破、例题演练、易错总结的逻辑架构知识体系，通过解题方法拆解、分考点例题精讲、综合语篇训练等环节，帮助学生建立“分析-判断-验证”的标准化解题思维。 资料创新采用四步解题流程（结构分析-变形预判-语境验证-细节检查），结合分层训练（基础题巩固规则、中档题强化语境关联、难题突破特殊考点），培养学生思维品质与语言能力。如动词时态题通过时间标志词与上下文逻辑呼应技巧，提升语境运用能力，为教师把控复习节奏、学生高效突破难点提供有力支持。

专题02：语法填空之有提示词填空 目录 第一部分 核心解题方法（具体操作步骤） 1.语法填空（有提示词）基础认知（定义、命题特点与高考考频） 2.通用解题步骤（适配高考语篇的标准化流程） 3.细分考点专项突破（动词/名词/形容词/副词/代词等高频考点） 4.特殊场景应对技巧（时态呼应/语态判断/词性转换等核心难点） 第二部分 方法技巧应用（例题讲解+详细解析） 1.动词变形题（20道例题，考点：时态/语态/非谓语/主谓一致） 2.词性转换题（20道例题，考点：名/形/副/动之间的词形变化） 3.代词与冠词题（20道例题，考点：代词指代/冠词泛指特指） 4.综合语篇训练（20篇典型试题+解题复盘） 第三部分 易错总结（高频陷阱+规避方法） 1.动词变形类易错点 2.词性转换类易错点 3.语境呼应类易错点 4.固定搭配类易错点 第四部分 高考语法填空核心考点速记手册 1.高频考点速记（公式化规则+典型例句） 2.解题步骤口诀速记 语法填空作为高考英语的核心题型，“有提示词填空”板块直接考查考生对词形变化、语法规则与语境逻辑的综合运用能力，分值占比高、考点覆盖广，是拉开分数差距的关键环节。从历年高考命题趋势来看，有提示词填空的考点聚焦于动词变形、词性转换、代词与冠词搭配等核心语法点，且越来越注重“在真实语篇中考查语言运用”的命题原则，单纯靠死记硬背规则已难以应对灵活的语境设计。 本专题以“方法落地、能力提升、错题规避”为核心目标，先通过系统的解题方法搭建知识框架，再通过足量例题强化考点应用，最后针对高频易错点进行精准复盘。专题设计贴合高考命题规律，从基础认知到专项突破，从例题演练到易错总结，每一部分都力求步骤清晰、解析详实，帮助考生建立“分析—判断—验证—复盘”的标准化解题思维，真正做到“会一道、通一类”，最终在语法填空板块实现稳定提分。 1.1 定义 有提示词填空是高考英语语法填空的核心子题型，通常依托一篇200-250词的完整语篇（题材涵盖记叙文、说明文、议论文，以记叙文和说明文为主），在15个空格中设置8-9个有提示词空格。空格后括号内给出的提示词以实词为主，包括动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词，少数情况下会出现数词；要求考生结合句子语法结构、语篇语境逻辑和固定搭配，对提示词进行词形变形（如动词时态变化、名词单复数调整、词性转换等），或在特定语境下直接使用原词，最终使句子语法正确、语义连贯、语篇逻辑通顺。该题型本质考查“语法规则掌握”与“语境灵活运用”的综合能力，而非孤立记忆知识点。 1.2 命题特点 1.2.1 考点聚焦且稳定 核心围绕三大类展开：动词变形（时态、语态、非谓语、主谓一致）、词性转换（名/形/副/动互转）、代词与冠词运用，三者占比超80%。其中动词变形是绝对核心，单独占比达40%左右，且常结合语境设置陷阱；词性转换侧重后缀变化与拼写规则，难度中等；代词与冠词侧重基础用法的灵活适配，难度偏低，是基础得分点。 1.2.2 语境依赖性极强 脱离语篇的“语法正确答案”往往不得分。命题人会通过时间标志词（如yesterday、so far）、逻辑连接词（如but、because）、语义转折、固定搭配、主谓关系等语境线索引导变形方向。例如同样给出提示词“work”，在“Every day he ______ hard”中需填“works”（一般现在时单三），在“He spent the whole day ______ on the project”中需填“working”（非谓语作状语），在“The ______ of the team was praised”中需填“work”（名词作主语，不可数），语境直接决定变形逻辑。 1.2.3 难度分层清晰 适配不同水平考生：基础题（约40%）考查规则性变形，如动词单三、名词复数、形容词变副词的常规后缀（quick→quickly），旨在检验基础语法掌握度；中档题（约40%）侧重语境关联，如时态呼应、非谓语逻辑主语判断、词性转换的语境适配（如“hope”在否定语境中需变形为“hopeless”），需结合上下文分析；难题（约20%）聚焦特殊考点，如固定搭配隐含变形（be worth doing）、抽象名词具体化（a success）、不规则词形变化（good→better）、副词语气修饰（fortunately/unfortunately），对知识储备和灵活运用能力要求较高。 1.2.4 语篇载体贴近生活 新高考卷更注重“真实语境运用”，语篇话题多涉及文化习俗、科技发展、校园生活、人物故事等，避免偏难偏怪话题；全国卷则相对侧重基础语法考查，语篇难度略低于新高考卷，但考点分布一致。 1.3 高考考频 1.3.1 考查数量稳定 近5年高考英语全国甲卷、乙卷及新高考I、II卷中，有提示词填空的考查数量稳定在8-9空，占语法填空总分值（15分）的60%左右，是语法填空的“得分主力”。 1.3.2 考点分布规律 动词变形每年考查3-4空，其中时态/语态1-2空、非谓语动词1-2空、主谓一致1空（偶尔融入时态考点中）；词性转换每年考查2-3空，优先级为“形容词变副词”“动词变名词”“名词变形容词”，偶尔涉及副词变形容词；代词与冠词每年考查1-2空，代词侧重物主代词（形容词性/名词性）、反身代词的指代一致，冠词侧重泛指（a/an）与特指（the）的区分，零冠词用法考查较少。 1.3.3 命题趋势 新高考卷更强调“语境化命题”，减少纯规则性考点，增加非谓语动词逻辑主语、时态呼应、固定搭配隐含变形等中档题；全国卷考点稳定性更强，基础题占比略高，但整体仍以“语境驱动”为核心命题原则。 该流程适配所有有提示词填空题型，遵循“从结构到语境、从预判到验证”的逻辑，避免盲目变形，提升解题准确率。 2.1 步骤1：分析句子结构，定位空格语法功能 2.1.1 核心操作 先通读空格所在句子（若为复合句，需拆分主句与从句），找出句子主干（主谓宾/主系表），明确空格在句中承担的语法成分，这是确定变形方向的前提。具体操作：先标记句子中的谓语动词（若有多个谓语，需确认是否有并列连词and/but/or连接），再根据谓语动词判断主语、宾语，进而区分定语、状语、补语等成分。 2.1.2 成分判断逻辑 ① 空格位于主语之后，无其他谓语动词，且无并列连词连接，空格为谓语动词，需考虑时态、语态、主谓一致；② 句子已有谓语动词，空格前无并列连词，空格为非谓语成分（句首、介词后、名词后常为非谓语），需考虑to do/doing/done；③ 空格修饰名词/代词（位于名词前或后），为定语，需考虑形容词、分词或限定词；④ 空格修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，为状语，需考虑副词、分词短语或不定式；⑤ 空格位于冠词、形容词之后，或作主语/宾语，为名词性成分，需考虑名词。 2.1.3 示例解析 分析句子“______ (help) the poor, she devotes much time to charity”，已有谓语动词“devotes”，空格位于句首且无并列连词，判断为非谓语作状语，进而锁定变形方向。 2.2 步骤2：结合提示词词性，预判变形类型 根据提示词原始词性，结合空格语法功能，缩小变形范围，避免无方向尝试。不同词性提示词的核心变形逻辑如下： 2.2.1 提示词为动词 优先判断“谓语/非谓语”。作谓语：需结合主语人称数、时间线索、主被动关系，确定时态、语态、主谓一致；作非谓语：根据语境功能（目的/主动/被动/完成），判断to do（目的/将来）、doing（主动/进行）、done（被动/完成），同时结合固定搭配验证。 2.2.2 提示词为名词 作主语/宾语时，需考虑单复数、所有格；作定语时，需考虑是否转换为形容词（如care→careful）；修饰动词/句子时，需转换为副词（如fortune→fortunately）。同时注意可数与不可数名词的区分（如advice为不可数，无复数）。 2.2.3 提示词为形容词 修饰名词时，可直接用原词或考虑比较级/最高级；修饰动词/句子时，需转换为副词；作主语/宾语时，需转换为名词（如happy→happiness）。比较级/最高级需结合语境标志词（than用比较级，the+范围用最高级）判断。 2.2.4 提示词为代词 需根据空格功能调整形式——作主语用主格（I/you/he）、作宾语用宾格（me/you/him）、修饰名词用形容词性物主代词（my/your/his）、单独作主语/宾语用名词性物主代词（mine/yours/his）、主语与宾语一致时用反身代词（myself/yourself）。 2.3 步骤3：依托语篇语境，精准确定变形形式 这是避免“语法正确但语义错误”的关键步骤，需结合三大语境线索验证： 2.3.1 时间线索验证 明确动作发生的时间，锁定时态。有明确时间标志词直接匹配（yesterday→一般过去时、since 2020→现在完成时、look/listen→现在进行时）；无明确标志词时，需根据上下文时态呼应（如主句为过去时，宾语从句需用过去相关时态，客观真理除外）。 2.3.2 逻辑与语义线索验证 通过逻辑连接词（though/but/because/so）、语义转折、上下文语义，判断变形是否契合语境。例如提示词“surprise”，在“His success was a great ______ to us”中填“surprise”（名词，惊喜），在“We were ______ at his success”中填“surprised”（形容词，感到惊讶的）。 2.3.3 固定搭配线索验证 部分考点依赖固定搭配，优先级高于单纯语法规则。如“devote oneself to doing”（to为介词，后接动名词）、“be worth doing”（主动表被动）、“have sth. done”（让某事被做），需准确记忆并优先遵循。 2.4 步骤4：检查细节错误，确保语法规范 变形完成后，针对性检查细节，避免因拼写、规则遗漏失分： 2.4.1 动词细节检查 时态/语态形式是否正确，不规则动词变形（write→wrote/written）是否准确，非谓语是否遗漏to，主谓一致是否匹配。 2.4.2 名词细节检查 单复数（不规则复数child→children）、所有格形式是否正确，可数/不可数判断是否无误。 2.4.3 形容词/副词细节检查 词性转换拼写（easy→easily、possible→possibly）、比较级/最高级变化是否规范。 2.4.4 代词细节检查 人称、数、格是否与指代对象一致，无指代混乱。 3.1 考点1：动词变形（高考核心，占比40%） 3.1.1 时态考点 核心考查6大时态，覆盖高考90%以上时态考点： ① 一般现在时：表客观真理、习惯性动作，主语单三时动词加s/es（s/x/ch/sh/o结尾加es，辅音+y结尾变y为i加es），例：He usually goes to school by bike. ② 一般过去时：表过去发生的动作/状态，动词变过去式（规则加ed，不规则需记忆），例：She finished her homework last night. ③ 现在完成时：表过去动作对现在的影响或持续到现在的动作，结构have/has+done（主语单三用has），标志词so far、since、for+时间段，例：We have lived here for 10 years. ④ 现在进行时：表现在正在进行的动作，结构am/is/are+doing（重读闭音节双写末尾辅音加ing），标志词look、listen，例：They are playing basketball now. ⑤ 过去进行时：表过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，结构was/were+doing，常与when/while从句连用，例：I was reading when he called. ⑥ 一般将来时：表将来动作，结构will+do或be going to+do（will表客观将来，be going to表主观计划），例：We will visit the museum tomorrow. 3.1.2 语态考点 仅考查被动语态，核心结构be+done（be动词随时态、主语单复数变化）： ① 一般现在时被动：am/is/are+done，例：The classroom is cleaned every day. ② 一般过去时被动：was/were+done，例：The letter was sent yesterday. ③ 现在完成时被动：have/has been+done，例：The project has been finished. ④ 注意事项：不及物动词（happen、occur、arrive）无被动语态；部分动词主动表被动（sell、read、write），例：The book sells well. 3.1.3 非谓语动词考点 三大形式重点突破： ① 不定式to do：表目的、将来、具体动作；作主语用it作形式主语（It’s important to study hard）；作宾语（want、hope、decide后接to do）；作状语表目的（He came to see me）；作补语（ask sb. to do sth.）。 ② 动名词doing：表主动、进行、习惯性动作；作主语（Reading is useful）；作宾语（finish、enjoy、mind、devote to后接doing）；作定语表用途（a reading room）。 ③ 过去分词done：表被动、完成；作定语（the broken glass）；作状语（Seen from the top，the city is beautiful）；作补语（have sth. done）。 核心关键：判断非谓语与逻辑主语的关系（主动→doing，被动→done）。 3.1.4 主谓一致考点 遵循“语法一致、意义一致、就近一致”三大原则： ① 语法一致：单数主语（不可数名词、单数代词）接单数谓语，复数主语接复数谓语，例：Water covers 71% of the earth. ② 意义一致：集合名词（family、team）表整体接单数，表成员接复数，例：The family is big./The family are watching TV. 分数/百分数修饰名词，谓语与名词一致，例：Two-thirds of the water is clean. ③ 就近一致：either...or...、neither...nor...、not only...but also...、there be后接谓语，与靠近的主语一致，例：Either you or he is right. 3.2 考点2：名词变形（占比10%） 3.2.1 单复数变化 ① 规则变化：一般加s（book→books）；s/x/ch/sh/o结尾加es（box→boxes、potato→potatoes）；辅音+y结尾变y为i加es（city→cities）；f/fe结尾变v加es（knife→knives）。 ② 不规则变化：child→children、mouse→mice、sheep→sheep、fish→fish（表数量）/fishes（表种类）。 ③ 不可数名词：无复数（advice、information、water），若表“种类”可加s（fruits、drinks）。 3.2.2 所有格变化 ① 单数名词：加’s（Tom→Tom’s book）；② 复数名词：以s结尾加’（students→students’ books），不以s结尾加’s（children→children’s toys）；③ 共同所有格：A and B’s（表示A和B共有的），例：This is Tom and Lily’s room. 3.2.3 词性转换关联 名词可转换为形容词（+ful/less/al/ous），例：care→careful、danger→dangerous；也可转换为副词（部分名词+ly），例：friend→friendly（特殊）、luck→luckily。 3.3 考点3：形容词与副词变形（占比15%） 3.3.1 形容词变副词 ① 常规规则：加ly（quick→quickly、clear→clearly）；② 特殊规则：y结尾变y为i加ly（easy→easily、happy→happily）；le结尾去e加y（possible→possibly、simple→simply）；ic结尾加ally（basic→basically、scientific→scientifically）；③ 同形情况：fast→fast、hard→hard、late→late（需结合语境判断词性）。 3.3.2 比较级与最高级 ① 规则变化：短形容词（单音节/部分双音节）加er/est（tall→taller→tallest）；以e结尾加r/st（nice→nicer→nicest）；重读闭音节双写末尾辅音加er/est（big→bigger→biggest）；多音节形容词前加more/most（beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful）。 ② 不规则变化：good/well→better→best、bad/ill→worse→worst、many/much→more→most、little→less→least。 ③ 用法：than前用比较级，the+范围（in the class）前用最高级。 3.3.3 词性转换关联 形容词变名词（+ness/ity/th），例：happy→happiness、able→ability、warm→warmth；副词变形容词（去ly，特殊词需调整），例：quickly→quick、fortunately→fortunate。 3.4 考点4：代词变形（占比5%） 3.4.1 人称代词 主格（I/you/he/she/it/we/they）作主语，例：He is a student. 宾格（me/you/him/her/it/us/them）作宾语，例：I know him. 3.4.2 物主代词 形容词性物主代词（my/your/his/her/its/our/their）修饰名词，例：This is my book. 名词性物主代词（mine/yours/his/hers/its/ours/theirs）单独作主语/宾语，例：This book is mine. 3.4.3 反身代词 myself/yourself/himself/herself/itself/ourselves/yourselves/themselves，表“某人自己”，常与固定搭配连用（by oneself、enjoy oneself、hurt oneself），例：He hurt himself yesterday. 3.4.4 指示代词 this/that（单数）、these/those（复数），表特指；this/these指近物，that/those指远物，例：This is a pen，that is a book. 4.1 技巧1：时态呼应难点突破 4.1.1 核心原则 主从句时态需逻辑一致：① 主句为现在时（一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），从句可根据语境用任意时态，例：I know he will come tomorrow./I know he came yesterday. ② 主句为过去时（一般过去时、过去进行时），从句需用过去相关时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时），例：He said he was busy./He said he would come. ③ 例外情况：从句表客观真理、永恒事实，无论主句时态如何，从句均用一般现在时，例：The teacher said the earth goes around the sun. 4.1.2 易错点应对 遇到“since+过去时间点”“by+过去时间点”等标志词，需区分时态——since后接一般过去时，主句用现在完成时；by后接过去时间点，主句用过去完成时，例：By 2020，we had lived here for 5 years. 4.2 技巧2：语态判断避坑技巧 4.2.1 核心判断步骤 第一步：判断主语与动词的关系——主语是动作的发出者（主动），用主动语态；主语是动作的承受者（被动），用被动语态。第二步：验证是否为及物动词——不及物动词（happen、occur、arrive、appear）无被动语态，若提示词为不及物动词，直接排除被动语态，例：The accident happened yesterday.（不可用was happened）。 4.2.2 特殊情况处理 ① 主动表被动的动词（sell、read、write、wash、wear），需结合语境判断，例：The cloth washes well.（表布料的特性，主动表被动）。② 被动语态的省略：在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，若主语与主句主语一致且含be动词，可省略主语和be动词，例：When (he was) asked，he kept silent. 4.3 技巧3：词性转换特殊情况处理 4.3.1 否定形式转换 语境表否定时，需在词性转换基础上添加否定前缀（un-/in-/im-/dis-）或后缀（-less），例：happy→unhappy、possible→impossible、hope→hopeless。 4.3.2 特殊词形变化 部分词词性转换无固定后缀，需单独记忆，例：good→well（形容词→副词）、far→farther/further（形容词/副词比较级）、person→personal→personally（名词→形容词→副词）。 4.3.3 抽象名词具体化 部分抽象名词（success、failure、pleasure、surprise）可具体化，前加a/an，表“一件……的事”，例：It’s a great success. 4.4 技巧4：非谓语动词逻辑主语判断技巧 4.4.1 核心逻辑 非谓语动词的逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，需确保逻辑主语与非谓语动词的关系一致。① 句首非谓语（doing/done）：逻辑主语=句子主语，例：Walking in the street，I saw a friend.（I与walk是主动关系，用walking）；Seen from the top，the city is beautiful.（the city与see是被动关系，用seen）。 4.4.2 易错点应对 若逻辑主语与句子主语不一致，需在非谓语前补充逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构，例：Weather permitting，we will go out.（weather是permit的逻辑主语，与句子主语we不一致）。 4.5 技巧5：固定搭配隐含变形应对 4.5.1 高频搭配分类 ① 动词+to do：want、hope、decide、refuse、manage、afford；② 动词+doing：finish、enjoy、mind、practice、suggest、devote to、look forward to；③ 动词+sb.+to do：ask、tell、want、teach、advise；④ 主动表被动：be worth doing、be busy doing、have sth. done；⑤ 介词+doing：in、on、at、with、without、before、after后接动名词。 4.5.2 示例解析 He is looking forward to visiting his grandparents.（to为介词，后接visiting）。 本小节例题覆盖时态、语态、非谓语动词、主谓一致四大核心考点，所有例题均贴合高考语篇语境，解析严格落实分步操作，帮助快速适配解题逻辑。 例题1（一般现在时主谓一致）：Every morning，my mother ______ (cook) breakfast for our family before going to work. 解析： 第一步，分析句子结构与语境线索。句子无并列连词，空格处需作谓语；时间标志词“Every morning”表明为习惯性动作，主语“my mother”是第三人称单数。 第二步，确定变形形式并验证。一般现在时第三人称单数谓语需在动词后加s/es，“cook”直接加s，变形为“cooks”，代入句子语法通顺，符合语境。 例题2（一般过去时）：Yesterday，we ______ (visit) the local museum with our history teacher and learned a lot about ancient culture. 解析： 第一步，定位谓语与时间线索。空格处为句子谓语，时间标志词“Yesterday”明确动作发生在过去，需用一般过去时。 第二步，变形并核对拼写。“visit”为规则动词，过去式直接加ed，变形为“visited”，与后文“learned”时态一致，语义连贯。 例题3（现在完成时）：So far，the students ______ (finish) three quarters of the task assigned by the teacher. 解析： 第一步，识别时态标志与主语。时间标志词“So far”（到目前为止）是现在完成时的典型标志，主语“the students”为复数。 第二步，确定结构并变形。现在完成时结构为“have/has+过去分词”，复数主语用“have”，“finish”的过去分词为“finished”，最终答案为“have finished”。 例题4（一般过去时被动语态）：The old temple ______ (repair) last year and it has become a popular tourist spot now. 解析： 第一步，判断主被动关系与时间。主语“The old temple”是“repair”动作的承受者，为被动关系；时间标志词“last year”表明用一般过去时。 第二步，构建被动结构并验证。一般过去时被动语态为“was/were+过去分词”，单数主语用“was”，“repair”的过去分词为“repaired”，即“was repaired”，符合语篇逻辑。 例题5（不定式作目的状语）：She saved up money for half a year ______ (buy) a new computer for her brother’s birthday. 解析： 第一步，分析句子成分。句子已有谓语动词“saved up”，空格处无并列连词，需作非谓语成分；结合语义，空格表“存钱”的目的，确定用不定式。 第二步，确定形式并代入。不定式作目的状语用“to+动词原形”，直接变形为“to buy”，使句子逻辑通顺。 例题6（动名词作宾语）：The little boy enjoys ______ (play) football with his classmates after school every day. 解析： 第一步，识别固定搭配与非谓语类型。谓语动词“enjoys”为固定搭配动词，后接动名词作宾语，确定空格处为动名词形式。 第二步，变形并核对规则。“play”的动名词直接加ing，即“playing”，符合“enjoy doing sth.”的搭配规则。 例题7（过去分词作定语）：The book ______ (write) by a famous author has been translated into ten languages. 解析： 第一步，判断成分与主被动关系。句子已有谓语“has been translated”，空格处修饰名词“The book”，作定语；“book”与“write”为被动关系，确定用过去分词。 第二步，变形并验证。“write”的过去分词为“written”，代入后修饰“book”，语义为“被一位著名作家写的书”，语法正确。 例题8（主谓一致——集合名词）：The family ______ (be) going to take a trip to the south during the winter vacation. 解析： 第一步，分析主语语义与主谓一致原则。主语“The family”在此处表示“家庭成员”，为复数概念，遵循“意义一致”原则。 第二步，确定谓语动词形式。复数主语对应复数谓语，结合“be going to”结构，此处用“are”，即“are going to”。 例题9（过去进行时）：When I arrived at his house，he ______ (watch) TV with his parents in the living room. 解析： 第一步，识别时间状语从句与动作状态。“When”引导的时间状语从句表过去某一时刻，主句动作正在进行，需用过去进行时。 第二步，构建结构并变形。过去进行时结构为“was/were+现在分词”，主语“he”为单数，用“was”，“watch”的现在分词为“watching”，答案为“was watching”。 例题10（现在进行时表将来）：My sister ______ (leave) for Beijing tomorrow morning，so she is packing her luggage now. 解析： 第一步，结合语境判断时态。时间标志词“tomorrow morning”表将来，且后文“is packing”暗示动作已计划好，可用现在进行时表将来。 第二步，确定形式。主语“My sister”为单数，现在进行时结构为“is+现在分词”，“leave”的现在分词为“leaving”，即“is leaving”。 例题11（现在完成时被动语态）：The project ______ (complete) since last month，and it will be put into use soon. 解析： 第一步，判断时态、语态与标志词。“since last month”表从过去持续到现在，用现在完成时；主语“The project”与“complete”为被动关系，需用被动语态。 第二步，构建结构。现在完成时被动语态为“have/has been+过去分词”，单数主语用“has been”，“complete”的过去分词为“completed”，答案为“has been completed”。 例题12（动名词作主语） ______ (read) English aloud in the morning is a good way to improve pronunciation. 解析： 第一步，分析句子结构。空格处位于句首，作句子主语，动词作主语需用动名词形式。 第二步，变形并大写首字母。“read”的动名词为“reading”，句首首字母大写，即“Reading”。 例题13（不定式作宾语补足语）：The teacher asked us ______ (hand) in our homework before the end of the class. 解析： 第一步，识别固定搭配。谓语动词“asked”后接“sb.+to do sth.”结构，不定式作宾语补足语。 第二步，确定形式。直接用“to+动词原形”，即“to hand”，符合搭配规则。 例题14（主谓一致——分数修饰名词）：Two-thirds of the land ______ (be) covered with grass in this area. 解析： 第一步，明确主谓一致规则。分数“Two-thirds”修饰名词“land”，“land”为不可数名词，谓语动词需用单数，遵循“语法一致”原则。 第二步，确定谓语形式。此处为一般现在时，用“is”，代入后语法正确。 例题15（一般将来时被动语态）：The meeting ______ (hold) next Monday，so we need to prepare the materials in advance. 解析： 第一步，判断时态、语态。时间标志词“next Monday”表将来，主语“The meeting”与“hold”为被动关系，用一般将来时被动语态。 第二步，构建结构。一般将来时被动语态为“will be+过去分词”，“hold”的过去分词为“held”，答案为“will be held”。 例题16（过去分词作状语）：______ (inform) of the good news，she jumped with joy immediately. 解析： 第一步，分析非谓语与逻辑主语。句子已有谓语“jumped”，空格处作状语；逻辑主语“she”与“inform”为被动关系（被告知），用过去分词。 第二步，变形。“inform”的过去分词为“informed”，即“Informed”，句首首字母大写。 例题17（主谓一致——就近一致）：Either you or your brother ______ (be) responsible for this mistake. 解析： 第一步，识别就近一致结构。“Either...or...”连接两个主语时，谓语动词与靠近的主语一致，此处靠近的主语“your brother”为单数。 第二步，确定谓语形式。一般现在时中，单数主语用“is”，答案为“is”。 例题18（不定式作主语——形式主语）：It is important for us ______ (master) basic grammar rules in English learning. 解析： 第一步，识别句式结构。句中“it”为形式主语，真正主语需用不定式，构成“It is+形容词+for sb.+to do sth.”句式。 第二步，确定形式。直接用“to+动词原形”，即“to master”。 例题19（过去完成时）：By the time we arrived at the station，the train ______ (leave) already. 解析： 第一步，识别时态标志。“By the time”引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句动作发生在从句之前，需用过去完成时。 第二步，变形。过去完成时结构为“had+过去分词”，“leave”的过去分词为“left”，答案为“had left”。 例题20（主谓一致——不可数名词）：The water in this river ______ (become) cleaner than before because of the environmental protection. 解析： 第一步，判断主语性质。主语“The water”为不可数名词，谓语动词需用单数形式，结合语境用一般现在时。 第二步，变形。“become”的第三人称单数为“becomes”，代入句子语义通顺。 本小节例题聚焦名词、形容词、副词、动词之间的互转，重点考查后缀变化、拼写规则及语境适配，解析分步拆解词性判断与变形逻辑。 例题1（形容词变副词）：The little girl sings ______ (beautiful) and won the first prize in the singing competition. 解析： 第一步，判断空格成分与提示词词性。空格处修饰动词“sings”，作状语，提示词“beautiful”为形容词，需转换为副词。 第二步，变形并核对规则。形容词变副词常规加ly，“beautiful”直接加ly，变形为“beautifully”，符合语法要求。 例题2（动词变名词）：His ______ (invent) of the new machine has greatly improved work efficiency in the factory. 解析： 第一步，确定空格成分与变形方向。空格前有形容词性物主代词“His”，需填名词；提示词“invent”为动词，需转换为名词。 第二步，变形并验证。动词“invent”变名词加后缀“-ion”，即“invention”，代入后语义为“他的发明”，通顺合理。 例题3（名词变形容词）：We should protect the ______ (nature) environment and live in harmony with nature. 解析： 第一步，判断成分与词性需求。空格处修饰名词“environment”，作定语，提示词“nature”为名词，需转换为形容词。 第二步，变形规则应用。名词“nature”变形容词加后缀“-al”，即“natural”，构成“natural environment”（自然环境），搭配正确。 例题4（形容词变名词）：The ______ (happy) on her face showed that she was satisfied with the result. 解析： 第一步，分析空格成分。空格处作句子主语，需填名词；提示词“happy”为形容词，需转换为名词。 第二步，变形与拼写。形容词变名词加后缀“-ness”，“happy”变y为i加ness，即“happiness”，为不可数名词，符合语境。 例题5（副词变形容词）：The ______ (quickly) response of the firefighters saved many lives in the fire. 解析： 第一步，判断词性需求。空格处修饰名词“response”，作定语，需用形容词；提示词“quickly”为副词，需转换为形容词。 第二步，变形操作。副词变形容词去掉后缀ly，即“quick”，搭配“quick response”（快速响应），语法正确。 例题6（动词变形容词）：The story is so ______ (move) that many people can’t help crying when reading it. 解析： 第一步，确定成分与变形方向。空格处作表语，需填形容词；提示词“move”为动词，需转换为形容词，且修饰事物“story”，用-ing形式。 第二步，变形。“move”变形容词为“moving”，表示“令人感动的”，符合语义。 例题7（名词变副词）：______ (fortune)，we caught the last bus and didn’t have to walk home in the rain. 解析： 第一步，判断成分与词性。空格处修饰整个句子，作状语，需用副词；提示词“fortune”为名词，需先变形容词再变副词。 第二步，分步变形。“fortune”变形容词为“fortunate”，再变副词加ly，即“Fortunately”，句首首字母大写，表“幸运地”。 例题8（形容词变形容词——否定前缀）：It is ______ (possible) to finish the task in such a short time，so we need to ask for more help. 解析： 第一步，结合语境判断变形。后文“需要更多帮助”暗示“不可能完成”，提示词“possible”为形容词，需加否定前缀。 第二步，添加前缀变形。“possible”的否定前缀为“im-”，即“impossible”，表“不可能的”，符合语境。 例题9（动词变名词——特殊后缀）：Her ______ (achieve) in the field of science has been recognized by the whole world. 解析： 第一步，确定空格成分。空格前有形容词性物主代词“Her”，需填名词；提示词“achieve”为动词，变名词用后缀“-ment”。 第二步，变形。“achieve”变名词为“achievement”，此处为可数名词单数，符合语义。 例题10（形容词变副词——y结尾变形）：The child slept ______ (sound) after playing for a whole day. 解析： 第一步，判断成分与变形规则。空格修饰动词“slept”，作状语，需用副词；提示词“sound”为形容词，以d结尾，直接加ly。 第二步，变形验证。“sound”变副词为“soundly”，“sleep soundly”（睡得香），搭配正确。 例题11（名词变形容词——ful后缀）：We had a ______ (wonder) time during the summer vacation with our family. 解析： 第一步，判断成分需求。空格修饰名词“time”，作定语，需用形容词；提示词“wonder”为名词，加后缀“-ful”变形容词。 第二步，变形。“wonder”变形容词为“wonderful”，表“愉快的”，符合语境。 例题12（动词变形容词——ed形式）：The ______ (excite) children rushed out of the classroom as soon as the bell rang. 解析： 第一步，确定形容词形式。空格修饰人“children”，需用-ed形式的形容词；提示词“excite”为动词，变-ed形容词。 第二步，变形。“excite”变形容词为“excited”，表“兴奋的”，符合修饰人的规则。 例题13（形容词变副词——le结尾变形）：He solved the math problem ______ (simple) with the help of his teacher. 解析： 第一步，判断变形规则。空格修饰动词“solved”，需用副词；提示词“simple”为以le结尾的形容词，变副词去e加y。 第二步，变形操作。“simple”变副词为“simply”，表“简单地”，语法正确。 例题14（名词变形容词——less后缀）：The ______ (home) child was taken care of by the kind villagers. 解析： 第一步，结合语境确定变形。后文“被村民照顾”暗示“无家可归的”，提示词“home”为名词，加后缀“-less”变否定形容词。 第二步，变形。“home”变形容词为“homeless”，表“无家可归的”，符合语义。 例题15（动词变名词——ing形式）：______ (swim) is a good sport that can improve our physical health. 解析： 第一步，判断句子成分。空格处作主语，动词作主语需用动名词（名词性形式）。 第二步，变形并大写。“swim”的动名词为“swimming”，句首首字母大写，即“Swimming”。 例题16（形容词变副词——ic结尾变形）：The scientist explained the theory ______ (scientific) so that we could understand it easily. 解析： 第一步，确定变形规则。空格修饰动词“explained”，需用副词；提示词“scientific”为以ic结尾的形容词，变副词加ally。 第二步，变形。“scientific”变副词为“scientifically”，表“科学地”，符合规则。 例题17（名词变形容词——ous后缀）：The ______ (danger) situation made everyone feel nervous and worried. 解析： 第一步，判断成分与变形。空格修饰名词“situation”，作定语，需用形容词；提示词“danger”为名词，加后缀“-ous”变形容词。 第二步，变形。“danger”变形容词为“dangerous”，表“危险的”，搭配正确。 例题18（动词变名词——tion后缀）：The ______ (decide) made by the committee will affect the development of the company. 解析： 第一步，确定空格成分。空格前有定冠词“The”，需填名词；提示词“decide”为动词，变名词加后缀“-tion”。 第二步，变形拼写。“decide”变名词为“decision”，为可数名词单数，符合语境。 例题19（形容词变名词——ity后缀）：She has the ______ (able) to finish the work well without any help. 解析： 第一步，判断成分与变形方向。空格前有定冠词“The”，需填名词；提示词“able”为形容词，变名词加后缀“-ity”。 第二步，变形。“able”变名词为“ability”，表“能力”，符合语义。 例题20（名词变副词——ly后缀）：______ (friend)，he offered to drive us to the airport when he knew we were in a hurry. 解析： 第一步，判断成分与词性。空格修饰整个句子，作状语，需用副词；提示词“friend”为名词，先变形容词“friendly”，再变副词。 第二步，变形验证。“friendly”变副词为“friendly”（特殊同形），句首首字母大写，表“友好地”。 本小节例题围绕代词指代一致、冠词泛指与特指核心考点设计，解析分步明确成分判断与用法匹配，贴合高考基础得分点需求。 例题1（形容词性物主代词）：My brother lost ______ (he) wallet on the way to school and had to ask our parents for help. 解析： 第一步，判断代词功能。空格处修饰名词“wallet”，作定语，需用形容词性物主代词；提示词“he”为人称代词主格。 第二步，变形并代入。“he”的形容词性物主代词为“his”，即“his wallet”（他的钱包），指代一致。 例题2（不定冠词a表泛指）：There is ______ (a/an) book on the desk. It’s my English textbook. 解析： 第一步，判断冠词用法。空格处表泛指“一本书”，需用不定冠词；“book”以辅音音素开头。 第二步，确定冠词。辅音音素开头的单词前用“a”，答案为“a”。 例题3（名词性物主代词）：This pen is not mine. Is it ______ (you)? 解析： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格处单独作表语，需用名词性物主代词，指代“your pen”；提示词“you”为人称代词。 第二步，变形。“you”的名词性物主代词为“yours”，即“Is it yours?”（它是你的吗？），语义连贯。 例题4（定冠词the表特指）：______ (The/A) sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 解析： 第一步，判断冠词用法。“sun”为世界上独一无二的事物，需用定冠词“the”表特指。 第二步，确定冠词并大写。句首首字母大写，答案为“The”。 例题5（反身代词）：The little girl can dress ______ (she) without her mother’s help now. 解析： 第一步，识别固定搭配与代词类型。“dress oneself”为固定搭配，表“自己穿衣”，需用反身代词；提示词“she”为人称代词主格。 第二步，变形。“she”的反身代词为“herself”，即“dress herself”，符合搭配。 例题6（不定冠词an表泛指）：She is ______ (a/an) honest girl. Everyone in her class likes her. 解析： 第一步，判断冠词用法。空格表泛指“一个诚实的女孩”，用不定冠词；“honest”以元音音素开头（h不发音）。 第二步，确定冠词。元音音素开头的单词前用“an”，答案为“an”。 例题7（人称代词宾格）：My parents often take my sister and ______ (I) to the park on weekends. 解析： 第一步，判断代词成分。空格处作动词“take”的宾语，需用人称代词宾格；提示词“I”为人称代词主格。 第二步，变形。“I”的宾格为“me”，即“take my sister and me”，语法正确。 例题8（定冠词the表特指前文提到的事物）：I bought a new bag yesterday. ______ (The/A) bag is black and very beautiful. 解析： 第一步，判断冠词指代。空格处指代前文提到的“a new bag”，需用定冠词“the”表特指。 第二步，确定冠词并大写。句首首字母大写，答案为“The”。 例题9（物主代词指代一致）：Each student should finish ______ (they) homework on time. 解析： 第一步，判断代词与主语一致。主语“Each student”为单数，空格修饰“homework”，需用形容词性物主代词，对应单数指代。 第二步，变形。“they”的形容词性物主代词为“their”（此处可表单数泛指），即“their homework”，指代一致。 例题10（定冠词the表特指双方共知的事物）：Open ______ (the/a) window，please. It’s too hot in the room. 解析： 第一步，判断冠词用法。空格处的“window”为双方共知的事物（房间里的窗户），需用定冠词“the”表特指。 第二步，确定冠词。答案为“the”。 例题11（指示代词this表近指）：______ (This/That) is my new teacher. He just came to our school last week. 解析： 第一步，判断指示代词指代。后文“他上周刚到我们学校”，暗示老师在近处，需用近指指示代词“this”。 第二步，确定代词并大写。句首首字母大写，答案为“This”。 例题12（不定冠词a表泛指——固定搭配）：He has ______ (a/an) good knowledge of English and can communicate with foreigners freely. 解析： 第一步，识别固定搭配。“have a good knowledge of”为固定搭配，表“精通……”，需用不定冠词“a”。 第二步，确定冠词。答案为“a”，符合搭配规则。 例题13（反身代词固定搭配）：The children enjoyed ______ (they) at the party last night. 解析： 第一步，识别固定搭配。“enjoy oneself”为固定搭配，表“玩得开心”，需用反身代词；主语“The children”为复数。 第二步，变形。“they”的反身代词为“themselves”，即“enjoy themselves”。 例题14（定冠词the表特指序数词前）：She is ______ (the/a) first student in our class to pass the exam. 解析： 第一步，判断冠词用法。序数词“first”前需用定冠词“the”表特指，强调顺序。 第二步，确定冠词。答案为“the”。 例题15（人称代词主格）：______ (Me/I) and my friend will go to the cinema this weekend. 解析： 第一步，判断代词成分。空格处作句子主语，需用人称代词主格；提示词“Me”为宾格。 第二步，变形并调整语序。主格为“I”，且并列主语中“I”需后置，调整为“My friend and I”，答案为“I”。 例题16（不定冠词a表泛指——职业前）：He wants to be ______ (a/an) doctor when he grows up to help sick people. 解析： 第一步，判断冠词用法。空格表泛指“一名医生”，职业前用不定冠词；“doctor”以辅音音素开头。 第二步，确定冠词。答案为“a”。 例题17（物主代词指代——名词性）：Her bag is more beautiful than ______ (my/mine). 解析： 第一步，分析句子结构。空格处与“Her bag”对比，需用名词性物主代词指代“my bag”；提示词“my”为形容词性物主代词。 第二步，变形。“my”的名词性物主代词为“mine”，即“than mine”，语义通顺。 例题18（定冠词the表特指复数名词前）：______ (The/A) books on the shelf are mine. They are all storybooks. 解析： 第一步，判断冠词用法。空格处修饰“books”，后接“on the shelf”作定语，表特指“书架上的书”，需用定冠词“the”。 第二步，确定冠词并大写。句首首字母大写，答案为“The”。 例题19（指示代词those表远指复数）：______ (These/Those) are my uncle’s farm animals. They are in the field over there. 解析： 第一步，判断指示代词指代。后文“在那边的田里”，暗示动物在远处，且为复数，需用远指复数指示代词“those”。 第二步，确定代词并大写。句首首字母大写，答案为“Those”。 例题20（反身代词——第三人称单数）：The boy hurt ______ (he) when he was playing basketball yesterday. 解析： 第一步，判断代词类型。主语“The boy”与宾语为同一人，需用反身代词；提示词“he”为人称代词主格。 第二步，变形。“he”的反身代词为“himself”，即“hurt himself”（伤到自己），符合语境。 本小节选取20篇贴合高考难度的语篇，涵盖记叙文、说明文、议论文三大体裁，每篇语篇包含8-9个有提示词空格，解题复盘严格对应前文方法，分步拆解每空思路，强化考点综合运用能力。 语篇1（记叙文——人物故事） Last summer vacation，I went to the countryside to visit my grandparents. The weather there was very pleasant，and the air was fresh. Every morning，I ______ (get) up early with my grandpa to walk around the village. We ______ (meet) many kind villagers，who always greeted us warmly. One day，my grandma taught me how ______ (make) dumplings. It was my first time to do that，so I was a little nervous. But with grandma’s help，I finished my first dumpling ______ (success). In the afternoon，I often went fishing with my cousin by the river. The fish in the river ______ (be) very fresh. We usually cooked them for dinner. During the vacation，I also learned some farm work. I helped my grandparents pick vegetables and feed the chickens. It was a meaningful experience. I ______ (learn) a lot from it and felt very happy. I will never forget this wonderful vacation，which ______ (leave) a deep impression on me. 解题复盘： 第1空（一般过去时）： 第一步，分析语境与谓语。时间状语“Last summer vacation”表过去，空格作谓语，需用一般过去时。 第二步，变形。“get”的过去式为“got”，答案为“got”。 第2空（一般过去时）： 第一步，判断时态一致性。前文均用一般过去时，空格为并列谓语，需保持时态一致。 第二步，变形。“meet”的过去式为“met”，答案为“met”。 第3空（不定式作宾语）： 第一步，识别固定结构。“how to do sth.”为固定结构，不定式作宾语。 第二步，确定形式。答案为“to make”。 第4空（形容词变副词）： 第一步，判断成分。空格修饰动词“finished”，作状语，需用副词；提示词“success”为名词，需先变形容词再变副词。 第二步，变形。“success”→“successful”→“successfully”，答案为“successfully”。 第5空（主谓一致）： 第一步，分析主语与时态。主语“The fish”表复数（河里的鱼），时态为一般过去时。 第二步，确定谓语。复数主语用“were”，答案为“were”。 第6空（现在完成时）： 第一步，判断时态。后文“felt very happy”表过去，空格动作“learn”发生在“felt”之前，且对现在有影响，用现在完成时。 第二步，变形。主语“I”用“have”，“learn”的过去分词为“learned/learnt”，答案为“have learned/learnt”。 第7空（现在完成时）： 第一步，判断时态与主谓一致。定语从句先行词“this wonderful vacation”为单数，动作对现在有影响，用现在完成时。 第二步，变形。单数主语用“has”，“leave”的过去分词为“left”，答案为“has left”。 语篇2（说明文——文化习俗） Traditional Chinese customs are an important part of cultural heritage，which have been passed down for thousands of years. These customs ______ (reflect) the wisdom and living habits of Chinese people，and play a vital role in connecting family bonds and promoting cultural identity. One of the most well-known customs is celebrating the Spring Festival. On New Year’s Eve，families gather to have a reunion dinner，______ (enjoy) dishes like dumplings and fish. Dumplings symbolize prosperity，while fish represents surplus in Chinese culture. Red envelopes，______ are usually given by elders to children，are filled with love and good wishes. After dinner，people usually watch the Spring Festival Gala or set off fireworks ______ (welcome) the new year. Another important custom is the Mid-Autumn Festival，celebrated on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month. On this day，families get together to admire the full moon and eat mooncakes，______ shape is round to symbolize reunion. People usually share mooncakes with their families，and the story of Chang’e is often told ______ (explain) the origin of the festival. The festival also carries people’s longing for family members who are far away from home. With the development of society，some traditional customs have been simplified，but their core meanings ______ (preserve). They are not only a symbol of Chinese culture but also a spiritual treasure that we should cherish and pass down. 解题复盘： 第1空（一般现在时主谓一致）： 第一步，判断时态与主语。全文为说明文，用一般现在时；主语“These customs”为复数，谓语动词用原形。 第二步，确定形式。答案为“reflect”。 第2空（现在分词作伴随状语）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格表伴随动作（家人聚集吃年夜饭时享受美食），主语“families”与“enjoy”为主动关系，用现在分词。 第二步，变形。“enjoy”的现在分词为“enjoying”，答案为“enjoying”。 第3空（非限制性定语从句引导词）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词“Red envelopes”，在从句中作主语，指物。 第二步，确定引导词。答案为“which”。 第4空（不定式作目的状语）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格表“放烟花”的目的，即“迎接新年”，用不定式作目的状语。 第二步，确定形式。答案为“to welcome”。 第5空（定语从句引导词）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格引导定语从句，指代先行词“mooncakes”，在从句中作定语，表“……的”。 第二步，确定引导词。答案为“whose”。 第6空（不定式作目的状语）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格表“讲述嫦娥故事”的目的，即“解释节日起源”，用不定式作目的状语。 第二步，确定形式。答案为“to explain”。 第7空（现在完成时被动语态）： 第一步，判断时态、语态。“with the development of society”表动作持续影响，用现在完成时；主语“their core meanings”与“preserve”为被动关系，用被动语态。 第二步，构建结构。复数主语用“have been+过去分词”，“preserve”的过去分词为“preserved”，答案为“have been preserved”。 语篇3（记叙文——体验传统剪纸习俗） Inspired by the traditional customs mentioned in the previous passage，I decided to experience paper-cutting，a classic folk custom，with my grandma last weekend. Paper-cutting，______ (use) to decorate houses during festivals，has a long history in China and is loved by people of all ages. Grandma，who is in her seventies，learned this craft from ______ (she) mother when she was young. She prepared red paper，sharp scissors and a pencil for me. First，she drew a beautiful peony pattern on the paper—peony symbolizes prosperity in Chinese culture. Then she demonstrated how to cut along the lines，telling me to keep my hands steady and cut slowly. I followed her steps，but my first attempt was a failure；the pattern was broken because I cut ______ fast. Grandma didn’t blame me. She patiently guided my wrist and encouraged me to try again. Every time I made a mistake，she told me that patience is the key to ______ (master) any handcraft. After several hours of practice，I finally finished a paper-cutting work of a butterfly. It looked vivid，and I felt a strong sense of achievement. When we pasted it on the window，the red paper ______ (shine) brightly in the sun，adding a festive atmosphere to the house. This experience let me deeply feel the charm of traditional folk customs. I not only learned a new skill but also understood the patience and dedication behind every handcraft. I ______ (keep) this paper-cutting as a souvenir and hope to learn more about such customs in the future with my family. 解题复盘： 第1空（过去分词作定语）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格修饰名词“paper-cutting”，表被动动作（被用于装饰房屋），用过去分词作后置定语。 第二步，变形。“use”的过去分词为“used”，答案为“used”。 第2空（形容词性物主代词）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格修饰名词“mother”，需用形容词性物主代词，指代“grandma’s”。 第二步，变形。“she”的形容词性物主代词为“her”，答案为“her”。 第3空（副词修饰形容词）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格修饰形容词“fast”，需用副词，结合语境表“太匆忙”。 第二步，确定词汇。答案为“too”。 第4空（动名词作介词宾语）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格前为介词“to”，介词后需接动名词作宾语。 第二步，变形。“master”的动名词为“mastering”，答案为“mastering”。 第5空（一般过去时）： 第一步，判断时态。全文叙述过去的体验，空格描述当时粘贴后的状态，用一般过去时。 第二步，变形。“shine”的过去式为“shone”，答案为“shone”。 第6空（一般将来时）： 第一步，判断时态。句子表“我将珍藏这份剪纸”，表将来的意愿，用一般将来时。 第二步，构建结构。答案为“will keep”。 第7空（介词）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格表“和家人一起”，结合固定搭配“with sb.”。 第二步，确定介词。答案为“with”。 语篇4（说明文——传统端午习俗） The Dragon Boat Festival，on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month，is another important traditional festival in China. It is celebrated to commemorate Qu Yuan，a patriotic poet in ancient China，and has a variety of unique customs that ______ (last) for thousands of years. Making and eating zongzi is a core custom of the festival. Zongzi is made of glutinous rice with different fillings，such as red beans，meat and salted eggs. The process of making zongzi is delicate—people need to soak glutinous rice and bamboo leaves ______ a few hours first，then wrap the rice and fillings into a triangular shape with leaves. This custom ______ (pass) down from generation to generation，carrying people’s respect for Qu Yuan. Dragon boat races are also a highlight of the festival. Teams of rowers sit in long，narrow boats shaped like dragons，rowing as fast as they can with the help of a drummer. The drummer plays an important role in ______ (guide) the rowers’ rhythm. The races are held on rivers and lakes，attracting a large number of spectators，most of ______ are locals. In addition，people also hang mugwort and calamus around their houses to drive away evil spirits and keep healthy. These customs are not only interesting but also meaningful，reflecting Chinese people’s longing for ______ happy and healthy life. We should protect these customs and pass them on to ______ (we) children. 解题复盘： 第1空（一般现在时主谓一致）： 第一步，判断时态与主语。全文为说明文，用一般现在时；定语从句主语“that”指代“customs”，为复数，谓语动词用原形。 第二步，确定形式。答案为“last”。 第2空（介词）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格表“持续一段时间”，结合固定搭配“for+时间段”。 第二步，确定介词。答案为“for”。 第3空（现在完成时被动语态）： 第一步，判断时态、语态。“from generation to generation”表动作持续到现在，用现在完成时；主语“this custom”与“pass down”为被动关系，用被动语态。 第二步，构建结构。单数主语用“has been+过去分词”，“pass”的过去分词为“passed”，答案为“has been passed”。 第4空（动名词作介词宾语）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格前为介词“in”，介词后需接动名词作宾语。 第二步，变形。“guide”的动名词为“guiding”，答案为“guiding”。 第5空（非限制性定语从句引导词）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词“spectators”，在从句中作宾语，指人，且前有介词“of”。 第二步，确定引导词。答案为“whom”。 第6空（不定冠词）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格修饰单数可数名词“life”，表泛指“一种幸福健康的生活”，且“happy”以辅音音素开头。 第二步，确定冠词。答案为“a”。 第7空（形容词性物主代词）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格修饰名词“children”，需用形容词性物主代词，指代“我们的”。 第二步，变形。“we”的形容词性物主代词为“our”，答案为“our”。 语篇5（议论文——传统习俗的当代意义） In the era of globalization，some people argue that traditional customs are outdated and irrelevant to modern life. However，I firmly believe that traditional customs still have great significance and ______ (deserve) to be inherited and developed. Firstly，traditional customs strengthen family ties. Festivals like the Spring Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival force people to put aside their busy work and gather with family members. During these festivals，people share emotions and create precious memories，which ______ (deepen) the bond between family members. Secondly，traditional customs are the carrier of Chinese culture. They reflect the values，beliefs and living habits of Chinese people，helping us build a strong sense of cultural identity. Of course，traditional customs should keep pace with the times. We can innovate their forms without changing their core meanings. For example，young people can design creative zongzi or dragon boat race posters ______ (attract) more peers to pay attention to traditional customs. This way，traditional customs can gain new vitality and be accepted by ______ younger generations. Moreover，the government should take measures to protect traditional customs，such as setting up cultural museums and organizing folk activities. It is everyone’s responsibility ______ (protect) traditional customs. In short，traditional customs are a precious part of Chinese culture. They provide spiritual support for us and contribute to social harmony. We should cherish them，innovate them and pass them down to future ______ (generation). 解题复盘： 第1空（动词原形）： 第一步，判断时态与主语。一般现在时，主语“traditional customs”为复数，且“deserve”为及物动词，后接不定式时用主动表被动。 第二步，确定形式。答案为“deserve”。 第2空（一般现在时主谓一致）： 第一步，判断时态与主语。一般现在时，定语从句主语“which”指代前文内容，视为单数，谓语动词用单数。 第二步，变形。“deepen”的第三人称单数形式为“deepens”，答案为“deepens”。 第3空（不定式作目的状语）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格表“设计创意粽子和海报”的目的，即“吸引更多同龄人”，用不定式作目的状语。 第二步，确定形式。答案为“to attract”。 第4空（定冠词）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格修饰“younger generations”，表特指“年轻一代”，用定冠词。 第二步，确定冠词。答案为“the”。 第5空（不定式作真正主语）： 第一步，分析句子成分。句子为“it is+名词+to do sth.”结构，“it”为形式主语，真正主语为后面的不定式。 第二步，确定形式。答案为“to protect”。 第6空（名词复数）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格前为“future”，表“后代”，“generation”为可数名词，需用复数形式。 第二步，变形。“generation”的复数形式为“generations”，答案为“generations”。 第7空（介词）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格表“为社会和谐做贡献”，结合固定搭配“contribute to”（有助于、促成）。 第二步，确定介词。答案为“to”。 语篇6（议论文——传统习俗与文化自信） Cultural confidence is rooted in a nation’s traditional customs，which are the spiritual foundation of a country. In modern society，we should attach great importance to traditional customs，as they not only carry historical memories but also ______ (lay) a solid foundation for cultural confidence. Traditional customs are the most vivid expression of Chinese culture. For example，the custom of respecting elders reflects the virtue of filial piety，______ has been valued by Chinese people for thousands of years. When we inherit such customs，we are not just following old rules，but passing on the core values of our nation. Moreover，traditional customs can enrich our cultural life，______ (provide) us with a sense of belonging and identity. However，cultural confidence does not mean blind adherence to tradition. We should objectively view traditional customs，abandoning outdated parts and retaining valuable ones. For instance，some old customs involving waste or superstition should be reformed，while customs like paper-cutting and calligraphy deserve ______ (protect) and promotion. In conclusion，traditional customs are closely linked to cultural confidence. It is necessary for us to inherit and innovate traditional customs，so that they can become a powerful driving force for cultural development. Only in this way can we build a strong cultural confidence and let Chinese culture shine ______ the world. We should also encourage young people to learn about traditional customs，making them ______ (become) the inheritors of Chinese culture. 解题复盘： 第1空（一般现在时主谓一致）： 第一步，判断时态与主语。全文为议论文，用一般现在时；主语“they”指代“traditional customs”，为复数，谓语动词用原形。 第二步，确定形式。答案为“lay”。 第2空（非限制性定语从句引导词）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词“the virtue of filial piety”，在从句中作主语，指物。 第二步，确定引导词。答案为“which”。 第3空（现在分词作伴随状语）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格表伴随动作（传统习俗丰富文化生活的同时提供归属感），主语“traditional customs”与“provide”为主动关系，用现在分词。 第二步，变形。“provide”的现在分词为“providing”，答案为“providing”。 第4空（名词/被动语态）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格前为及物动词“deserve”，后可接名词或被动语态（deserve doing=deserve to be done）。 第二步，确定形式。答案为“protection/to be protected”。 第5空（介词）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格表“在世界上”，结合固定搭配“in the world”。 第二步，确定介词。答案为“in”。 第6空（省略to的不定式作宾语补足语）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格前为使役动词“make”，“make sb. do sth.”结构中，不定式省略to。 第二步，确定形式。答案为“become”。 第7空（名词复数）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格前为“the”，表“继承者”，“inheritor”为可数名词，结合“young people”可知用复数。 第二步，变形。“inheritor”的复数形式为“inheritors”，答案为“inheritors”。 语篇7（记叙文——学做传统桂花糕） Last autumn，when osmanthus flowers were in full bloom，my grandma invited me to learn how to make sweet osmanthus cake，a traditional snack with a history of over 200 years. It is a classic autumn snack in southern China，and its sweet taste ______ (leave) a deep impression on me every time I eat it. Grandma prepared all the ingredients：glutinous rice flour，osmanthus flowers，rock sugar and water. She told me that the osmanthus flowers must be fresh，______ they will affect the taste of the cake. First，she mixed the glutinous rice flour with warm water，kneading it into a smooth dough. I tried to help，but the dough was either too dry or too sticky，making me ______ (feel) a little frustrated. Grandma smiled and taught me to adjust the amount of water little by little. After mastering the dough-kneading skill，we rolled the dough into small pieces and flattened them. Then we put a spoonful of osmanthus filling，which was made of osmanthus flowers and rock sugar，in the middle and sealed the dough. Finally，we steamed the cakes in a bamboo steamer for about 15 minutes. The sweet fragrance of osmanthus filled the kitchen as soon as the steamer ______ (open). When I tasted the warm osmanthus cake，I felt the sweetness spread in my mouth. This experience let me know that every traditional snack is made with care. I not only learned to make osmanthus cake but also understood the love hidden in traditional food. I hope to make this cake with my family every autumn，passing down this sweet traditional ______ (memory) to my children. 解题复盘： 第1空（一般现在时主谓一致）： 第一步，判断时态与主语。描述客观事实，用一般现在时；主语“its sweet taste”为单数，谓语动词用单数。 第二步，变形。“leave”的第三人称单数形式为“leaves”，答案为“leaves”。 第2空（连词）： 第一步，分析句子逻辑。空格前后为条件关系，表“如果桂花不新鲜，会影响口感”。 第二步，确定连词。答案为“or”。 第3空（省略to的不定式作宾语补足语）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格前为使役动词“make”，“make sb. do sth.”结构中，不定式省略to。 第二步，确定形式。答案为“feel”。 第4空（一般过去时被动语态）： 第一步，判断时态、语态。叙述过去的事情，用一般过去时；主语“the steamer”与“open”为被动关系，用被动语态。 第二步，构建结构。单数主语用“was+过去分词”，“open”的过去分词为“opened”，答案为“was opened”。 第5空（介词）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格表“用竹蒸笼”，结合固定搭配“in a steamer”。 第二步，确定介词。答案为“in”。 第6空（名词复数）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格前为“this sweet traditional”，表“回忆”，“memory”为可数名词，结合语境用复数。 第二步，变形。“memory”的复数形式为“memories”，答案为“memories”。 第7空（形容词性物主代词）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格修饰名词“children”，需用形容词性物主代词，指代“我的”。 第二步，变形。“I”的形容词性物主代词为“my”，答案为“my”。 语篇8（说明文——传统皮影戏文化） Shadow puppetry，also known as “shadow play”，is a traditional Chinese folk art that ______ (date) back to the Western Han Dynasty. It is a unique form of storytelling，using leather puppets and light to create vivid scenes，and has been popular in rural areas of China for thousands of years. The production of shadow puppets is a delicate process. Puppets are usually made of cowhide or donkey hide，which is thin，soft and durable. Craftsmen carve various patterns on the hide with sharp knives，then paint them with bright colors. Each puppet ______ (make) by hand，and it takes several days to finish a single puppet. The puppets are designed with movable joints，allowing performers to control them ______ (flexible) to show different actions. Performance is another key part of shadow puppetry. Performers stand behind a white screen，holding puppets and moving them while telling stories. They also imitate different voices to play different roles，______ makes the performance more vivid. The stories told in shadow plays are usually from Chinese classics，such as “Journey to the West” and “Romance of the Three Kingdoms”，helping audiences understand traditional culture. With the development of modern media，shadow puppetry is facing the risk of disappearing. To protect this precious folk art，the government has listed it as an intangible cultural heritage. More efforts should be made to promote shadow puppetry，attracting more young people to learn this art. We believe that shadow puppetry will regain ______ (it) vitality with the joint efforts of all people. 解题复盘： 第1空（一般现在时主谓一致）： 第一步，判断时态与主语。全文为说明文，用一般现在时；定语从句主语“that”指代“shadow puppetry”，为单数，谓语动词用单数。 第二步，变形。“date”的第三人称单数形式为“dates”，答案为“dates”。 第2空（一般现在时被动语态）： 第一步，判断时态、语态。描述客观事实，用一般现在时；主语“each puppet”与“make”为被动关系，用被动语态。 第二步，构建结构。单数主语用“is+过去分词”，“make”的过去分词为“made”，答案为“is made”。 第3空（副词修饰动词）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格修饰动词“control”，需用副词。 第二步，变形。“flexible”的副词形式为“flexibly”，答案为“flexibly”。 第4空（非限制性定语从句引导词）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格引导非限制性定语从句，指代前文整个句子内容，在从句中作主语。 第二步，确定引导词。答案为“which”。 第5空（介词）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格表“来自中国经典著作”，结合固定搭配“from classics”。 第二步，确定介词。答案为“from”。 第6空（名词）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格前为形容词“intangible cultural”，需用名词，表“遗产”。 第二步，确定词汇。答案为“heritage”。 第7空（形容词性物主代词）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格修饰名词“vitality”，需用形容词性物主代词，指代“皮影戏的”。 第二步，变形。“it”的形容词性物主代词为“its”，答案为“its”。 语篇9（议论文——传统习俗的创新传播） In the digital age，traditional customs are facing new challenges and opportunities. To let more people know about and inherit traditional customs，we must innovate their communication methods，instead of ______ (stick) to the old ways. Firstly，we can use social media to promote traditional customs. Young people are fond of using platforms like Douyin and WeChat，so we can post short videos about traditional customs，such as making zongzi and performing shadow puppetry. These videos can show the charm of traditional customs in a vivid way，attracting young people’s attention. Secondly，we can combine traditional customs with modern activities. For example，we can hold traditional custom-themed parties or exhibitions，______ allows people to experience traditional culture in a relaxed atmosphere. Moreover，innovation does not mean abandoning the core of traditional customs. We should keep the core meanings of customs unchanged while innovating their forms. For instance，traditional couplets can be printed with creative designs，but their meaning of blessing should be retained. This way，traditional customs can adapt ______ the modern society and gain new followers. In addition，schools and families should work together to guide young people to understand traditional customs. Schools can organize cultural activities，and families can let children experience traditional customs in daily life. It is important for us to pass down traditional customs to future generations，______ (make) them an important part of our cultural life. Only through innovation can traditional customs survive and develop in the digital age，shining brightly in ______ new era. 解题复盘： 第1空（动名词作介词宾语）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格前为介词“instead of”，介词后需接动名词作宾语。 第二步，变形。“stick”的动名词为“sticking”，答案为“sticking”。 第2空（非限制性定语从句引导词）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格引导非限制性定语从句，指代前文“hold traditional custom-themed parties or exhibitions”，在从句中作主语。 第二步，确定引导词。答案为“which”。 第3空（介词）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格表“适应现代社会”，结合固定搭配“adapt to”。 第二步，确定介词。答案为“to”。 第4空（现在分词作结果状语）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格表前文动作带来的自然结果，主语“we”与“make”为主动关系，用现在分词。 第二步，变形。“make”的现在分词为“making”，答案为“making”。 第5空（定冠词）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格修饰“new era”，表特指“这个新时代”，用定冠词。 第二步，确定冠词。答案为“the”。 第6空（名词复数）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格前为“new”，表“追随者”，“follower”为可数名词，结合语境用复数。 第二步，变形。“follower”的复数形式为“followers”，答案为“followers”。 第7空（不定式作目的状语）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格表“组织文化活动”的目的，即“引导年轻人了解传统习俗”，用不定式作目的状语。 第二步，确定形式。答案为“to guide”。 语篇10（记叙文——参与传统元宵灯会） The Lantern Festival is a traditional festival that marks the end of the Spring Festival celebrations. Last year，I went to the traditional lantern fair in my hometown with my family，and the wonderful experience is still fresh in ______ (I) mind. When we arrived at the fair，it was already crowded with people. The streets were decorated with thousands of lanterns of different shapes，such as rabbits，dragons and flowers. Each lantern was brightly lit，turning the street into a sea of light. Some lanterns had riddles written on them，which is a classic activity of the Lantern Festival. I was eager to guess the riddles，so I walked from one lantern to another，______ (hope) to get the right answers. After guessing several riddles successfully，I won a small lantern as a prize. It was a rabbit-shaped lantern，which is a symbol of good luck. Then we watched the dragon dance performance. The dancers wore colorful costumes and controlled the dragon with great skill，making the dragon look like it was flying in the air. The crowd cheered loudly，and the atmosphere was extremely lively. We also tasted various snacks，such as tanghulu and glutinous rice balls，______ taste was delicious. As night fell，we lit our small lantern and walked along the street. The warm light of the lanterns and the laughter of people filled the air. This experience let me feel the strong festive atmosphere of the Lantern Festival and appreciate the charm of traditional customs. I ______ (visit) the lantern fair with my family every year，and I hope this traditional activity ______ (continue) to be passed down. 解题复盘： 第1空（形容词性物主代词）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格修饰名词“mind”，需用形容词性物主代词，指代“我的”。 第二步，变形。“I”的形容词性物主代词为“my”，答案为“my”。 第2空（现在分词作伴随状语）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格表伴随动作（从一个灯笼走到另一个时希望猜对答案），主语“I”与“hope”为主动关系，用现在分词。 第二步，变形。“hope”的现在分词为“hoping”，答案为“hoping”。 第3空（定语从句引导词）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格引导定语从句，指代先行词“tanghulu and glutinous rice balls”，在从句中作定语，表“……的”。 第二步，确定引导词。答案为“whose”。 第4空（一般将来时/一般现在时）： 第一步，判断时态。句子表“我每年都会和家人去看灯会”，表习惯性动作可用一般现在时；表将来意愿可用一般将来时。 第二步，确定形式。答案为“visit/will visit”。 第5空（一般将来时被动语态）： 第一步，判断时态、语态。表将来的动作，用一般将来时；主语“this traditional activity”与“continue”为被动关系，用被动语态。 第二步，构建结构。答案为“will be continued”。 第6空（介词）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格表“作为奖品”，结合固定搭配“as a prize”。 第二步，确定介词。答案为“as”。 第7空（名词复数）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格前为“thousands of”，后接可数名词复数，“lantern”为可数名词。 第二步，变形。“lantern”的复数形式为“lanterns”，答案为“lanterns”。 语篇11（说明文——传统书法艺术） Chinese calligraphy is a traditional art form that combines writing and aesthetics，and it ______ (be) regarded as one of the most important parts of Chinese cultural heritage. With a history of over 3,000 years，calligraphy has developed into several major styles，such as regular script，cursive script and running script. Learning calligraphy requires patience and practice. Beginners usually start with regular script，which is neat and standard，helping them master the basic strokes and structures of Chinese characters. To write good calligraphy，one needs to hold the brush correctly—this is the foundation of calligraphy. The brush should be held firmly but gently，allowing the writer to control the strength ______ (flexible). In addition，writers need to pay attention to the balance of characters，as well as the connection between strokes. Calligraphy is not just a writing skill，but also a way to cultivate one’s mind. When writing calligraphy，people need to calm down and focus on the brush and paper，which helps relieve stress and improve concentration. Many people practice calligraphy as a hobby，______ (enjoy) the peace and joy it brings. Today，calligraphy is still widely respected in China. It is taught in many schools，and calligraphy exhibitions are often held around the country. More and more young people are beginning to learn calligraphy，realizing its cultural value. Calligraphy carries the aesthetic pursuit of Chinese people，and it will continue to be ______ important part of Chinese culture. We should cherish this traditional art and pass it on to future ______ (generation). 解题复盘： 第1空（一般现在时被动语态）： 第一步，判断时态、语态。描述客观事实，用一般现在时；主语“calligraphy”与“regard”为被动关系，用被动语态。 第二步，构建结构。单数主语用“is+过去分词”，“regard”的过去分词为“regarded”，答案为“is regarded”。 第2空（副词修饰动词）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格修饰动词“control”，需用副词。 第二步，变形。“flexible”的副词形式为“flexibly”，答案为“flexibly”。 第3空（现在分词作伴随状语）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格表伴随动作（练习书法时享受平静与快乐），主语“many people”与“enjoy”为主动关系，用现在分词。 第二步，变形。“enjoy”的现在分词为“enjoying”，答案为“enjoying”。 第4空（不定冠词）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格修饰单数可数名词“part”，表泛指“一个重要部分”，且“important”以元音音素开头。 第二步，确定冠词。答案为“an”。 第5空（名词复数）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格前为“future”，表“后代”，“generation”为可数名词，需用复数形式。 第二步，变形。“generation”的复数形式为“generations”，答案为“generations”。 第6空（不定式作目的状语）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格表“练习书法”的目的，即“培养心智”，用不定式作目的状语。 第二步，确定形式。答案为“to cultivate”。 第7空（介词）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格表“作为爱好”，结合固定搭配“as a hobby”。 第二步，确定介词。答案为“as”。 语篇12（议论文——传统习俗与家庭和谐） Traditional customs are an important bond that connects family members，playing a crucial role in promoting family harmony. In modern society，where people are busy with work and study，traditional customs provide a chance for families to gather and ______ (strengthen) their emotional ties. Festive customs are the best example of this. During the Spring Festival，families get together to have a reunion dinner，exchange greetings and share their life experiences. This process helps family members understand each other better and resolve conflicts. Similarly，the Mid-Autumn Festival ______ (encourage) families to admire the full moon and eat mooncakes together，expressing their longing for each other. These customs let family members feel the warmth of home and build a closer relationship. In addition to festive customs，daily traditional customs also contribute to family harmony. For example，the custom of having dinner together every night allows family members to communicate with each other，sharing joys and sorrows. The custom of respecting elders teaches children to be grateful，______ helps build a harmonious family atmosphere. However，some families ignore traditional customs due to the fast pace of life，which leads to the estrangement between family members. To maintain family harmony，we should attach importance to traditional customs，making them a part of our daily life. We can also innovate traditional customs to adapt to modern life，such as having a “mini reunion dinner” if family members are far away. Only by inheriting traditional customs can we keep family bonds strong and create a ______ (peace) family environment. We should let traditional customs become the spiritual link of families，passing down the virtue of family harmony to future ______ (generation). 解题复盘： 第1空（动词原形）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格前为“and”，与“gather”并列，作不定式“to”的宾语，用动词原形。 第二步，确定形式。答案为“strengthen”。 第2空（一般现在时主谓一致）： 第一步，判断时态与主语。全文为议论文，用一般现在时；主语“the Mid-Autumn Festival”为单数，谓语动词用单数。 第二步，变形。“encourage”的第三人称单数形式为“encourages”，答案为“encourages”。 第3空（非限制性定语从句引导词）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格引导非限制性定语从句，指代前文“the custom of respecting elders teaches children to be grateful”，在从句中作主语。 第二步，确定引导词。答案为“which”。 第4空（形容词修饰名词）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格修饰名词“family environment”，需用形容词。 第二步，变形。“peace”的形容词形式为“peaceful”，答案为“peaceful”。 第5空（名词复数）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格前为“future”，表“后代”，“generation”为可数名词，需用复数形式。 第二步，变形。“generation”的复数形式为“generations”，答案为“generations”。 第6空（介词）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格表“由于快节奏的生活”，结合固定搭配“due to”。 第二步，确定介词。答案为“to”。 第7空（现在分词作结果状语）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格表前文动作带来的结果（忽视传统习俗导致家人疏远），用现在分词。 第二步，变形。“lead”的现在分词为“leading”，答案为“leading”。 语篇13（记叙文——学绣传统香囊） Last summer，my aunt taught me how to make a traditional sachet，a small bag filled with fragrant herbs. Sachets are a traditional custom in China，usually made during the Dragon Boat Festival to drive away mosquitoes and bring good luck. I was curious about this craft，so I agreed ______ (learn) it with great enthusiasm. Aunt prepared all the materials：colorful silk cloth，fragrant herbs，threads and needles. She told me that the silk cloth should be soft and durable，and the herbs should be fresh to ensure a strong fragrance. First，she cut the silk cloth into small squares，then folded them in half and sewed three sides with a needle and thread. I tried to sew，but my stitches were uneven and the thread often got tangled，making me want to give ______. Aunt encouraged me，telling me that practice makes perfect. She patiently guided my hands，teaching me to hold the needle correctly and control the length of the stitches. After several attempts，I finally sewed a small bag. Then we put the fragrant herbs into the bag and sewed the fourth side. Aunt also taught me to embroider a small peony pattern on the sachet，which made it more beautiful. The peony pattern symbolizes prosperity，______ is a common element in traditional crafts. When I finished the sachet，I hung it on my schoolbag. Every time I smelled the fragrance，I thought of the happy time with my aunt. This experience let me learn a traditional craft and understand the patience behind it. I ______ (make) a sachet for my family every Dragon Boat Festival，hoping to pass down this warm traditional custom. I believe that these small sachets will carry the love of the family and keep the traditional culture alive. 解题复盘： 第1空（不定式作宾语）： 第一步，识别固定搭配。“agree to do sth.”为固定结构，意为“同意做某事”，后接不定式。 第二步，确定形式。答案为“to learn”。 第2空（副词）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格表“放弃”，结合固定搭配“give up”。 第二步，确定词汇。答案为“up”。 第3空（非限制性定语从句引导词）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词“prosperity”，在从句中作主语，指物。 第二步，确定引导词。答案为“which”。 第4空（一般将来时）： 第一步，判断时态。句子表“我每年端午节都会给家人做香囊”，表将来的习惯性动作，用一般将来时。 第二步，构建结构。答案为“will make”。 第5空（介词）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格表“装满香草”，结合固定搭配“filled with”。 第二步，确定介词。答案为“with”。 第6空（名词复数）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格前为“all the”，后接可数名词复数，“material”为可数名词。 第二步，变形。“material”的复数形式为“materials”，答案为“materials”。 第7空（现在分词作伴随状语）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格表伴随动作（把香草放进袋子后缝第四边），主语“we”与“sew”为主动关系，用现在分词。 第二步，变形。“sew”的现在分词为“sewing”，答案为“sewing”。 语篇14（说明文——传统中秋习俗细节） The Mid-Autumn Festival，also known as the Moon Festival，is celebrated on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month every year. It is a festival for family reunion，and its customs ______ (develop) and inherited for thousands of years，carrying people’s longing for family and good wishes for life. Admiring the full moon is the core custom of the festival. On this day，the moon is the roundest and brightest of the year，symbolizing reunion. Families usually place a table in the yard，putting mooncakes，fruits and other offerings on it. They sit around the table，admiring the moon and chatting，______ (enjoy) the peaceful night. The story of Chang’e flying to the moon is often told on this occasion，adding a romantic atmosphere to the festival. Eating mooncakes is another essential custom. Mooncakes are round，representing reunion. They are made of flour，sugar and various fillings，such as lotus seed paste，red bean paste and salted egg yolks. Different regions have different styles of mooncakes，______ reflects the diversity of Chinese food culture. In the past，mooncakes were made by hand at home，but now most people buy them from stores. However，the meaning of mooncakes—reunion—remains unchanged. In addition，there are other customs in different regions. For example，in some southern areas，people play lanterns on the street；in some northern areas，people worship the moon to pray for good luck. These customs are closely related to local culture，enriching the connotation of the Mid-Autumn Festival. Today，the Mid-Autumn Festival is also a national holiday in China，allowing people to have more time ______ (spend) with their families. We should cherish these customs and pass them on to future generations，letting the Mid-Autumn Festival ______ (remain) a symbol of family reunion. 解题复盘： 第1空（现在完成时被动语态）： 第一步，判断时态、语态。“for thousands of years”为现在完成时标志，主语“its customs”与“develop”为被动关系，用被动语态。 第二步，构建结构。复数主语用“have been+过去分词”，“develop”的过去分词为“developed”，答案为“have been developed”。 第2空（现在分词作伴随状语）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格表伴随动作（围坐在桌子旁赏月聊天时享受宁静的夜晚），主语“they”与“enjoy”为主动关系，用现在分词。 第二步，变形。“enjoy”的现在分词为“enjoying”，答案为“enjoying”。 第3空（非限制性定语从句引导词）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格引导非限制性定语从句，指代前文“Different regions have different styles of mooncakes”，在从句中作主语。 第二步，确定引导词。答案为“which”。 第4空（不定式作后置定语）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格修饰名词“time”，表“有更多时间陪伴家人”，用不定式作后置定语。 第二步，确定形式。答案为“to spend”。 第5空（省略to的不定式作宾语补足语）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格前为使役动词“let”，“let sth. do sth.”结构中，不定式省略to。 第二步，确定形式。答案为“remain”。 第6空（介词）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格表“在院子里”，结合固定搭配“in the yard”。 第二步，确定介词。答案为“in”。 第7空（名词复数）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格前为“various”，后接可数名词复数，“filling”为可数名词。 第二步，变形。“filling”的复数形式为“fillings”，答案为“fillings”。 语篇15（议论文——传统习俗与跨文化传播） With the deepening of globalization，cross-cultural communication has become more frequent. Traditional Chinese customs，as a window of Chinese culture，play an important role in promoting cross-cultural understanding and ______ (bridge) the gap between different nations. Traditional customs can show the unique charm of Chinese culture to the world. For example，dragon boat races and paper-cutting have been introduced to many foreign countries，attracting a large number of foreign friends. When foreign people experience these customs，they can better understand Chinese values and living habits，______ helps reduce cultural misunderstandings. Moreover，traditional customs can become a bond for cross-cultural exchanges. Many international cultural activities include Chinese traditional customs，allowing Chinese culture to integrate with other cultures. However，promoting traditional customs in cross-cultural communication also faces challenges. Some traditional customs are difficult to understand for foreign people due to cultural differences. To solve this problem，we should explain the connotation of traditional customs in a simple way，______ (make) them easier to accept. We can also combine traditional customs with modern media，such as posting explanatory videos on international platforms. In addition，we should respect cultural differences when promoting traditional customs. We should not force foreign people to accept our customs，but let them understand and appreciate them voluntarily. Promoting traditional customs in cross-cultural communication is not only about spreading Chinese culture，but also about learning from other cultures. Only in this way can we build a harmonious cultural relationship with other nations. We believe that traditional customs will become a powerful carrier for Chinese culture to go global，______ (help) the world understand China better. 解题复盘： 第1空（动名词作宾语）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格前为介词“in”，与“promoting”并列，需接动名词作宾语。 第二步，变形。“bridge”的动名词为“bridging”，答案为“bridging”。 第2空（非限制性定语从句引导词）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格引导非限制性定语从句，指代前文整个句子内容，在从句中作主语。 第二步，确定引导词。答案为“which”。 第3空（现在分词作结果状语）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格表前文动作带来的结果（用简单方式解释传统习俗内涵，使其更容易被接受），用现在分词。 第二步，变形。“make”的现在分词为“making”，答案为“making”。 第4空（介词）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格表“由于文化差异”，结合固定搭配“due to”。 第二步，确定介词。答案为“due to”（此处需补充完整，答案为“to”）。 第5空（形容词比较级）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格前为“make them”，后接形容词，结合“easier”可知用比较级，表“更容易被接受”。 第二步，变形。“easy”的比较级为“easier”，答案为“easier”。 第6空（名词复数）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格前为“different”，后接可数名词复数，“nation”为可数名词。 第二步，变形。“nation”的复数形式为“nations”，答案为“nations”。 第7空（现在分词作伴随状语）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格表伴随动作（传统习俗成为中国文化走向世界的载体，帮助世界更好地了解中国），用现在分词。 第二步，变形。“help”的现在分词为“helping”，答案为“helping”。 语篇16（记叙文——参与传统祭祖仪式） Last Qingming Festival，I went back to my hometown with my family to attend the traditional ancestor worship ceremony. Qingming Festival is a festival to honor ancestors，and this ceremony ______ (be) an important part of the festival for hundreds of years. It let me understand the importance of remembering ancestors and inheriting family traditions. Early in the morning，my family prepared the offerings：fruits，cakes，wine and joss sticks. My dad told me that the offerings should be carefully prepared to show respect to ancestors. We walked to the ancestral grave，which was located on a small hill. Along the way，we picked some fresh flowers to place on the grave. When we arrived，my grandpa lit the joss sticks and led us to bow to the ancestors. He told us stories about our ancestors，______ let me know more about my family history. During the ceremony，everyone kept quiet and looked solemn. My dad told me that ancestor worship is not only a custom，but also a way to express gratitude to ancestors. They worked hard to build a better life for our family，and we should remember their contributions. After the ceremony，we cleaned the grave and placed the offerings neatly. We also planted a small tree beside the grave，hoping it would grow with our family’s love for ancestors. On the way back home，I thought a lot. This ceremony let me feel the strong family bond and the weight of tradition. I realized that traditional customs are not just old rituals，but a link connecting the past and the present. I ______ (attend) this ceremony with my family every Qingming Festival，and I hope to pass down this meaningful custom to my children. It is these traditions that make our family ______ (close) and help us keep our cultural roots alive. 解题复盘： 第1空（现在完成时被动语态）： 第一步，判断时态、语态。“for hundreds of years”为现在完成时标志，主语“this ceremony”与“be”为被动关系，用被动语态；“an important part”提示用单数。 第二步，构建结构。答案为“has been”。 第2空（非限制性定语从句引导词）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格引导非限制性定语从句，指代前文“he told us stories about our ancestors”，在从句中作主语。 第二步，确定引导词。答案为“which”。 第3空（一般将来时/一般现在时）： 第一步，判断时态。句子表“每年清明节都会和家人参加仪式”，表习惯性动作可用一般现在时，表将来意愿可用一般将来时。 第二步，确定形式。答案为“attend/will attend”。 第4空（形容词比较级）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格前为“make our family”，结合语境表“让家庭更紧密”，用比较级。 第二步，变形。“close”的比较级为“closer”，答案为“closer”。 第5空（不定冠词）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格修饰单数可数名词“important part”，“important”以元音音素开头，表泛指。 第二步，确定冠词。答案为“an”。 第6空（介词）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格表“在坟墓旁”，结合固定搭配“beside the grave”，也可用“next to”。 第二步，确定介词。答案为“beside/next to”。 第7空（现在分词作伴随状语）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格表伴随动作（种树时希望它伴着家人的爱生长），主语“we”与“hope”为主动关系，用现在分词。 第二步，变形。“hope”的现在分词为“hoping”，答案为“hoping”。 语篇17（说明文——传统端午挂艾草习俗） Hanging wormwood and calamus during the Dragon Boat Festival is a traditional custom in China，which ______ (date) back to ancient times. This custom is widely popular in both northern and southern China，and it is closely related to people’s desire for health and safety. Wormwood and calamus are two kinds of herbs with special fragrances. In ancient times，people believed that the fragrance of these herbs could drive away mosquitoes，flies and evil spirits，protecting them from diseases. Today，we know that wormwood contains natural substances that can repel insects，______ explains why it is still used in daily life. The shape of calamus is like a sword，and people regard it as a symbol of warding off evil，______ (bring) good luck to the family. The way of hanging wormwood and calamus is simple but meaningful. Usually，people pick fresh wormwood and calamus on the morning of the Dragon Boat Festival，tie them into small bundles，and hang them on doorframes or windowsills. The bundles should be hung high enough to let the fragrance spread ______ (wide) in the house. Some families also put a small bundle in the car to keep the air fresh. This custom not only reflects the wisdom of ancient Chinese people but also carries their longing for a healthy life. With the development of society，the symbolic meaning of hanging wormwood and calamus has become more important than its practical use. It is a part of Chinese traditional culture that we should cherish and pass on to future ______ (generation). We believe that this custom will continue to exist in people’s lives，reminding us of the value of traditional wisdom. 解题复盘： 第1空（一般现在时主谓一致）： 第一步，判断时态与主语。全文为说明文，用一般现在时；定语从句主语“which”指代“this custom”，为单数，谓语动词用单数。 第二步，变形。“date”的第三人称单数形式为“dates”，答案为“dates”。 第2空（非限制性定语从句引导词）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格引导非限制性定语从句，指代前文“wormwood contains natural substances that can repel insects”，在从句中作主语。 第二步，确定引导词。答案为“which”。 第3空（现在分词作伴随状语）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格表伴随动作（菖蒲被视为驱邪象征，带来好运），逻辑主语“it”与“bring”为主动关系，用现在分词。 第二步，变形。“bring”的现在分词为“bringing”，答案为“bringing”。 第4空（副词修饰动词）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格修饰动词“spread”，需用副词。 第二步，变形。“wide”的副词形式为“widely”，答案为“widely”。 第5空（名词复数）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格前为“future”，表“后代”，“generation”为可数名词，需用复数。 第二步，变形。“generation”的复数形式为“generations”，答案为“generations”。 第6空（介词）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格表“在门框上”，结合固定搭配“on doorframes”。 第二步，确定介词。答案为“on”。 第7空（不定式作后置定语）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格修饰名词“desire”，表“对健康和安全的渴望”，用不定式作后置定语。 第二步，确定形式。答案为“to pursue”（补充完整语境，原句“desire for”可替换为“desire to pursue”，考点更明确）。 语篇18（议论文——传统习俗与青年责任） As the backbone of the future society，young people shoulder the responsibility of inheriting traditional customs. In the fast-paced modern life，many traditional customs are gradually forgotten，so it is urgent for young people ______ (take) action to protect and develop these precious cultural heritages. Young people have unique advantages in inheriting traditional customs. They are familiar with modern media，such as short video platforms and social networks，which can be used to promote traditional customs in a creative way. For example，young people can shoot short videos about making traditional snacks or performing folk arts，______ attracts more peers to pay attention to traditional culture. Moreover，young people have open minds，allowing them to combine traditional customs with modern elements，______ (make) the customs more attractive to the younger generation. However，some young people lack awareness of inheriting traditional customs，thinking that these customs are outdated. To change this situation，schools and families should work together to guide young people. Schools can organize cultural activities，such as calligraphy competitions and folk art exhibitions，to let young people experience the charm of traditional customs. Families can let children participate in traditional festivals from an early age，helping them form a sense of identity with their own culture. In conclusion，inheriting traditional customs is not only a cultural task but also a responsibility of young people. Young people should actively learn about traditional customs，innovate their expression forms，and pass them on to future generations. Only when young people take the initiative to inherit traditional customs can these customs ______ (keep) alive and make Chinese culture more brilliant in the new era. 解题复盘： 第1空（不定式作真正主语）： 第一步，分析句子成分。句子为“it is urgent for sb. to do sth.”结构，“it”为形式主语，真正主语为不定式。 第二步，确定形式。答案为“to take”。 第2空（非限制性定语从句引导词）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格引导非限制性定语从句，指代前文“shoot short videos about making traditional snacks or performing folk arts”，在从句中作主语。 第二步，确定引导词。答案为“which”。 第3空（现在分词作结果状语）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格表前文动作带来的结果（结合传统与现代元素，让习俗更具吸引力），用现在分词。 第二步，变形。“make”的现在分词为“making”，答案为“making”。 第4空（形容词）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格修饰名词“awareness”，需用形容词，表“缺乏意识”。 第二步，确定词汇。答案为“lack of”（空格前已有“lack”，此处调整为“a sense of”，优化考点：第4空为“a”，表“一种意识”）。 修正后第4空：不定冠词“a”，修饰“sense of awareness”，答案为“a”。 第5空（介词）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格表“从很小的时候”，结合固定搭配“from an early age”。 第二步，确定介词。答案为“from”。 第6空（被动语态）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格前为情态动词“can”，主语“these customs”与“keep”为被动关系，用“be+过去分词”。 第二步，构建结构。答案为“be kept”。 第7空（名词复数）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格前为“modern”，表“元素”，“element”为可数名词，结合语境用复数。 第二步，变形。“element”的复数形式为“elements”，答案为“elements”。 语篇19（记叙文——学编传统中国结） During the winter vacation last year，my grandma taught me how to weave a Chinese knot，a traditional craft with a history of more than 2,000 years. Chinese knots are often used as decorations or gifts，and each knot ______ (symbolize) good wishes，such as happiness，prosperity and harmony. Grandma prepared colorful silk threads and a small board with nails. She told me that weaving a Chinese knot requires patience and precision，as even a small mistake can ruin the whole work. First，she showed me how to tie the basic knot，______ is called the “flat knot”. I tried to follow her steps，but my fingers were not flexible enough，and the thread kept getting tangled. I wanted to give up，but grandma encouraged me，saying that practice ______ (make) perfect. After several hours of practice，I finally wove a simple Chinese knot. It was red，which is a lucky color in Chinese culture. Grandma helped me decorate it with a small tassel，making it more beautiful. I hung the knot on my bedroom door，and every time I saw it，I felt a sense of achievement. This experience let me know that every traditional craft is the result of hard work. On the Spring Festival，I wove several Chinese knots as gifts for my friends. They were very happy to receive the gifts and praised the beauty of the knots. I told them the meaning of Chinese knots，______ helped them understand more about Chinese traditional culture. I decided to learn to weave more complex Chinese knots，hoping to pass down this lovely craft to ______ (I) future children. 解题复盘： 第1空（一般现在时主谓一致）： 第一步，判断时态与主语。描述客观事实，用一般现在时；主语“each knot”为单数，谓语动词用单数。 第二步，变形。“symbolize”的第三人称单数形式为“symbolizes”，答案为“symbolizes”。 第2空（非限制性定语从句引导词）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词“the basic knot”，在从句中作主语。 第二步，确定引导词。答案为“which”。 第3空（动词第三人称单数）： 第一步，判断时态与主语。“practice makes perfect”为谚语，用一般现在时，主语“practice”为单数。 第二步，确定形式。答案为“makes”。 第4空（介词）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格表“用小流苏装饰”，结合固定搭配“decorate with”。 第二步，确定介词。答案为“with”。 第5空（非限制性定语从句引导词）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格引导非限制性定语从句，指代前文“told them the meaning of Chinese knots”，在从句中作主语。 第二步，确定引导词。答案为“which”。 第6空（形容词性物主代词）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格修饰名词“future children”，需用形容词性物主代词，指代“我的”。 第二步，变形。“I”的形容词性物主代词为“my”，答案为“my”。 第7空（现在分词作伴随状语）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格表伴随动作（决定学编更复杂的中国结，希望传给后代），主语“I”与“hope”为主动关系，用现在分词。 第二步，变形。“hope”的现在分词为“hoping”，答案为“hoping”。 语篇20（说明文——传统重阳登高习俗） The Double Ninth Festival，celebrated on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month，is a traditional festival in China. Climbing mountains is the most important custom of this festival，and it ______ (be) popular for thousands of years. This custom not only helps people keep fit but also carries people’s good wishes for the elderly. The origin of climbing mountains on the Double Ninth Festival can be traced back to the Eastern Han Dynasty. According to legend，a man named Heng Jing learned that a disaster would happen on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month. He advised people to climb mountains to avoid the disaster，and this practice gradually developed into a custom. Today，climbing mountains on this day is still a favorite activity for many families. People usually climb mountains with their families，enjoying the beautiful autumn scenery and breathing fresh air. In addition to climbing mountains，there are other customs on the Double Ninth Festival. For example，people often wear dogwood，a kind of plant with medicinal value，to ward off evil spirits and keep healthy. They also eat chongyang cakes，______ shape is round，symbolizing reunion. The Double Ninth Festival is also a festival for respecting the elderly，so many families take their parents or grandparents out for a walk，______ (express) their love and gratitude. With the development of society，the way people celebrate the Double Ninth Festival has changed，but the core meaning of the festival remains unchanged. It is a festival that combines health，respect and reunion. We should cherish these traditional customs，pass them on to future generations，and let the Double Ninth Festival ______ (become) a bridge connecting family love and traditional culture. 解题复盘： 第1空（现在完成时）： 第一步，判断时态。“for thousands of years”为现在完成时标志，主语“it”指代“climbing mountains”，为单数。 第二步，构建结构。答案为“has been”。 第2空（介词）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格表“追溯到东汉”，结合固定搭配“be traced back to”。 第二步，确定介词。答案为“to”。 第3空（定语从句引导词）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格引导定语从句，指代先行词“chongyang cakes”，在从句中作定语，表“……的”。 第二步，确定引导词。答案为“whose”。 第4空（现在分词作伴随状语）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格表伴随动作（带长辈散步，表达爱与感激），主语“many families”与“express”为主动关系，用现在分词。 第二步，变形。“express”的现在分词为“expressing”，答案为“expressing”。 第5空（名词复数）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格前为“other”，表“习俗”，“custom”为可数名词，需用复数。 第二步，变形。“custom”的复数形式为“customs”，答案为“customs”。 第6空（省略to的不定式作宾语补足语）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格前为使役动词“let”，“let sth. do sth.”结构中，不定式省略to。 第二步，确定形式。答案为“become”。 第7空（形容词）： 第一步，分析句子成分。空格修饰名词“value”，需用形容词，表“药用价值”。 第二步，变形。“medicine”的形容词形式为“medicinal”，答案为“medicinal”。 1. 动词变形类易错点 高频陷阱 （1）时态判断偏差：忽略上下文时间标志词，仅凭局部语境误判时态，如将“for+时间段”直接归为一般过去时，而非现在完成时；混淆“过去进行时表过去持续动作”与“一般过去时表瞬间动作”。 （2）语态误用：未判断主语与动词的主动/被动关系，盲目用主动语态，如“the letter ______ (write) by Tom”误填wrote，忽略被动逻辑；或被动语态结构残缺，漏填be动词。 （3）非谓语动词混淆：分不清不定式、现在分词、过去分词的用法场景，如目的状语误填现在分词，伴随状语误填不定式；忽略“使役动词+宾语+省略to的不定式”结构，多余添加to。 （4）主谓一致疏漏：主语为单数（如each, every, 单数名词短语）时，谓语动词未用第三人称单数形式；集合名词作主语时，未根据语境判断单复数（如family表整体用单数，表成员用复数）。 规避方法 （1）锁定时间标志：牢记“for/since+时间段”“so far”“in the past few years”等为现在完成时标志；“yesterday”“last week”“at that time”等为一般过去时标志，结合上下文动作逻辑验证时态。 （2）判断动宾关系：若主语是动作的承受者，必用被动语态，同时匹配对应时态的be动词（如一般现在时被动is/are+done，现在完成时被动have/has been+done）；主动语态需确保主语能发出该动作。 （3）明确非谓语功能：目的用不定式（to do），伴随/结果用现在分词（doing，主动关系），被动/完成用过去分词（done，被动关系）；熟记使役动词（make, let, have）、感官动词（see, hear）后接省略to的不定式，被动语态需还原to。 （4）聚焦主语核心：找到句子真正主语（排除介词短语、从句等干扰成分），根据主语单复数确定谓语动词形式，单数主语后谓语动词加s/es（不规则动词特殊变形需牢记）。 2. 词性转换类易错点 高频陷阱 （1）词性判断错误：误判空格处所需词性，如修饰名词需形容词却填副词，修饰动词/形容词需副词却填形容词；忽略“冠词+名词”“形容词+名词”“副词+形容词”的固定修饰逻辑。 （2）变形规则混淆：名词复数变形漏记特殊情况（如child→children，mouse→mice）；形容词副词比较级/最高级混淆规则变化与不规则变化（如good→better→best，far→farther/further）。 （3）词形变化疏漏：动词变名词时漏加后缀（如explain→explanation，而非explaination）；形容词变副词时，以“y”结尾未变“i”加ly（如happy→happily，而非happyly）。 （4）正负词性误用：忽略语境情感倾向，误填反义词，如“the ______ (important) of the problem”需名词importance，却填unimportance；“a ______ (hope) news”需形容词hopeful，却填hopeless。 规避方法 （1）分析句子成分：空格后接名词→填形容词；空格前为副词/系动词→填形容词；空格修饰动词/形容词/句子→填副词；空格前有冠词/形容词→填名词，明确成分后锁定词性。 （2）牢记变形规则：分类记忆名词复数、形容词副词比较级特殊变形，整理高频不规则变形词（如vary→variety→various→variously）；动词变名词、形容词变副词的后缀规律（如-tion/-ment/-ness表名词，-ly表副词）。 （3）核对词形细节：变形后通读句子，检查拼写正确性（如名词后缀-tion/-sion的区别，副词是否漏加ly）；对于多词性词（如interest→interesting/interested），根据主语是人/物判断-ed/-ing形式。 （4）结合语境验证：根据上下文语义判断需肯定词还是否定词，如“we felt ______ (disappoint) at the result”，主语是人，填disappointed，而非disappointing。 3. 语境呼应类易错点 高频陷阱 （1）忽略逻辑关系：未关注句子间转折、因果、条件等逻辑，导致动词时态、词性转换与语境矛盾，如“he worked hard, but he ______ (fail) the exam”误填pass，忽略转折逻辑。 （2）代词指代偏差：代词（it/they/this/that）指代对象错误，或未根据指代内容判断单复数，如“the book is mine, and ______ (that) are his”误填that，忽略指代复数名词books。 （3）情感态度错位：形容词、副词的选择未匹配上下文情感，如“she gave me a ______ (smile) look”误填smiled，需用smiling表主动的“微笑的”，而非过去分词。 （4）前后语义矛盾：未呼应前文提及的人、事、物，导致变形后的词与前文冲突，如前文提到“two students”，后文“each ______ (have) a book”误填have，忽略each后接单数谓语。 规避方法 （1）梳理逻辑关系：识别连词（but, so, because, if等），判断句子间逻辑，确定动词时态（如条件句“if从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时”）、词性选择是否匹配逻辑。 （2）明确指代对象：找到代词对应的前文名词/短语，根据其单复数、属性判断代词形式（如指代单数可数名词用it/that，复数用they/those）。 （3）匹配情感语境：形容词、副词需贴合上下文语气，如表扬用positive（积极的）、赞美用wonderful（极好的），否定语境用negative（消极的）、失望用disappointing（令人失望的）。 （4）前后语义核对：变形后通读全文，确保空格处词汇与前文提及的数量、属性、动作一致，无矛盾冲突。 4. 固定搭配类易错点 高频陷阱 （1）介词搭配混淆：动词、名词、形容词后固定介词记忆错误，如“devote to ______ (do)”误填do，忽略“devote to+doing”；“be familiar ______”误填with，混淆“be familiar with（熟悉）”与“be familiar to（为……所熟悉）”。 （2）短语结构残缺：固定短语中动词变形错误，如“look forward to ______ (receive)”误填receive，忽略to为介词，需接动名词；“make a ______ (decide)”误填decide，需填名词decision。 （3）固定句型误用：混淆固定句型中的动词形式，如“it is no use ______ (complain)”误填complain，需用“it is no use doing”句型；“suggest ______ (do) sth.”误填to do，忽略suggest后接动名词。 （4）介词遗漏/多余：固定搭配中漏加或多加介词，如“prevent sb. ______ (do)”误填to do，正确为“prevent sb. from doing”（from可省略，后接动名词）；“insist ______ doing”误填on，却漏填动名词变形。 规避方法 （1）强化短语记忆：分类整理高频固定搭配（动词+介词、名词+介词、形容词+介词），重点记忆介词后的动词形式（介词+doing）、名词形式（动词变名词）。 （2）牢记句型结构：熟记高考核心句型（如it作形式主语/宾语、suggest/advise后接动名词/宾语从句、make/let后接省略to的不定式），明确句型中动词、名词的正确形式。 （3）核对搭配细节：变形后检查是否符合固定搭配要求，如介词是否正确、动词是否为动名词/不定式、名词是否为对应变形形式，避免遗漏或多余成分。 （4）对比易混搭配：区分近义固定搭配（如“take part in”与“join”，“in charge of”与“in the charge of”），结合例句强化记忆，避免混淆。 （1）动词时态与语态 ① 一般现在时：主语+动词原形/第三人称单数形式（主语为单数）；被动语态：is/are+done 例句：He usually ______ (go) to school by bike.（答案：goes）；The letter ______ (write) by my mother every week.（答案：is written） ② 一般过去时：主语+动词过去式；被动语态：was/were+done 例句：She ______ (finish) her homework yesterday.（答案：finished）；The bridge ______ (build) in 2000.（答案：was built） ③ 现在完成时：主语+have/has+done；被动语态：have/has been+done（标志词：for/since/so far/in the past few years） 例句：We ______ (live) here for 10 years.（答案：have lived）；The work ______ (complete) so far.（答案：has been completed） ④ 非谓语动词：目的状语→to do；伴随/结果→doing（主动）；被动/完成→done（被动） 例句：He came here ______ (see) his teacher.（答案：to see）；The girl ______ (stand) at the door is my sister.（答案：standing）；The broken glass ______ (throw) away by him.（答案：was thrown） （2）名词变形 ① 单数变复数：规则变化（加s/es）；不规则变化（child→children, foot→feet） 例句：There are two ______ (child) in the park.（答案：children）；I have three ______ (pen).（答案：pens） ② 动词变名词：加后缀-tion/-ment/-ness（explain→explanation, develop→development, happy→happiness） 例句：His ______ (explain) is clear.（答案：explanation）；We should pay attention to the ______ (develop) of our country.（答案：development） （3）形容词与副词 ① 形容词变副词：加ly（quick→quickly）；以y结尾变i加ly（easy→easily）；不规则变化（good→well, hard→hard） 例句：She runs ______ (quick).（答案：quickly）；He studies ______ (hard).（答案：hard） ② 比较级/最高级：规则变化（加er/est，多音节词前加more/most）；不规则变化（good→better→best, many→more→most） 例句：This book is ______ (interesting) than that one.（答案：more interesting）；She is the ______ (good) student in our class.（答案：best） （4）代词 ① 形容词性物主代词：修饰名词（my/your/his/her/its/our/their） 例句：This is ______ (I) book.（答案：my） ② 名词性物主代词：相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”（mine/yours/his/hers/its/ours/theirs） 例句：The book is ______ (I).（答案：mine） ③ 反身代词：主语与宾语一致时用（myself/yourself/himself/herself/itself/ourselves/yourselves/themselves） 例句：He taught ______ (he) English.（答案：himself） （5）固定搭配 ① 介词+doing：devote to doing, look forward to doing, be used to doing 例句：She is looking forward to ______ (visit) her grandparents.（答案：visiting） ② 使役动词+宾语+do：make/let/have sb. do sth.（被动语态还原to） 例句：The teacher made him ______ (stand) up.（答案：stand）；He was made ______ (stand) up by the teacher.（答案：to stand） ③ 建议类动词+doing/that从句：suggest doing, advise doing 例句：He suggested ______ (go) for a walk.（答案：going） 口诀：一看成分定词性，二判变形循规则，三核搭配与语境，四查细节无疏漏。 ① 一看成分定词性：通读句子，分析空格处句子成分（主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语），确定所需词性（动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词等），锁定有提示词的变形方向。 ② 二判变形循规则：根据确定的词性，遵循对应变形规则（动词看时态、语态、非谓语；名词看单复数；形容词/副词看比较级/最高级、副词变形；代词看指代属性），初步得出答案。 ③ 三核搭配与语境：核对答案是否符合固定搭配（介词、短语、句型），是否呼应上下文逻辑、语义、情感，确保无搭配错误、语境矛盾。 ④ 四查细节无疏漏：最后检查词形拼写（如后缀、不规则变形）、主谓一致、被动语态结构、非谓语形式是否正确，避免细节失误导致丢分。 补充速记技巧：高频变形词分类整理，贴于书桌反复记忆；每做完一篇语法填空，标注易错点，归入对应易错类别，强化薄弱环节；做题时圈画时间标志词、连词、固定搭配关键词，提醒自己规避陷阱。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02：语法填空之有提示词填空 目录 第一部分 核心解题方法（具体操作步骤） 1.语法填空（有提示词）基础认知（定义、命题特点与高考考频） 2.通用解题步骤（适配高考语篇的标准化流程） 3.细分考点专项突破（动词/名词/形容词/副词/代词等高频考点） 4.特殊场景应对技巧（时态呼应/语态判断/词性转换等核心难点） 第二部分 方法技巧应用（例题讲解+详细解析） 1.动词变形题（20道例题，考点：时态/语态/非谓语/主谓一致） 2.词性转换题（20道例题，考点：名/形/副/动之间的词形变化） 3.代词与冠词题（20道例题，考点：代词指代/冠词泛指特指） 4.综合语篇训练（20篇典型试题+解题复盘） 第三部分 易错总结（高频陷阱+规避方法） 1.动词变形类易错点 2.词性转换类易错点 3.语境呼应类易错点 4.固定搭配类易错点 第四部分 高考语法填空核心考点速记手册 1.高频考点速记（公式化规则+典型例句） 2.解题步骤口诀速记 语法填空作为高考英语的核心题型，“有提示词填空”板块直接考查考生对词形变化、语法规则与语境逻辑的综合运用能力，分值占比高、考点覆盖广，是拉开分数差距的关键环节。从历年高考命题趋势来看，有提示词填空的考点聚焦于动词变形、词性转换、代词与冠词搭配等核心语法点，且越来越注重“在真实语篇中考查语言运用”的命题原则，单纯靠死记硬背规则已难以应对灵活的语境设计。 本专题以“方法落地、能力提升、错题规避”为核心目标，先通过系统的解题方法搭建知识框架，再通过足量例题强化考点应用，最后针对高频易错点进行精准复盘。专题设计贴合高考命题规律，从基础认知到专项突破，从例题演练到易错总结，每一部分都力求步骤清晰、解析详实，帮助考生建立“分析—判断—验证—复盘”的标准化解题思维，真正做到“会一道、通一类”，最终在语法填空板块实现稳定提分。 1.1 定义 有提示词填空是高考英语语法填空的核心子题型，通常依托一篇200-250词的完整语篇（题材涵盖记叙文、说明文、议论文，以记叙文和说明文为主），在15个空格中设置8-9个有提示词空格。空格后括号内给出的提示词以实词为主，包括动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词，少数情况下会出现数词；要求考生结合句子语法结构、语篇语境逻辑和固定搭配，对提示词进行词形变形（如动词时态变化、名词单复数调整、词性转换等），或在特定语境下直接使用原词，最终使句子语法正确、语义连贯、语篇逻辑通顺。该题型本质考查“语法规则掌握”与“语境灵活运用”的综合能力，而非孤立记忆知识点。 1.2 命题特点 1.2.1 考点聚焦且稳定 核心围绕三大类展开：动词变形（时态、语态、非谓语、主谓一致）、词性转换（名/形/副/动互转）、代词与冠词运用，三者占比超80%。其中动词变形是绝对核心，单独占比达40%左右，且常结合语境设置陷阱；词性转换侧重后缀变化与拼写规则，难度中等；代词与冠词侧重基础用法的灵活适配，难度偏低，是基础得分点。 1.2.2 语境依赖性极强 脱离语篇的“语法正确答案”往往不得分。命题人会通过时间标志词（如yesterday、so far）、逻辑连接词（如but、because）、语义转折、固定搭配、主谓关系等语境线索引导变形方向。例如同样给出提示词“work”，在“Every day he ______ hard”中需填“works”（一般现在时单三），在“He spent the whole day ______ on the project”中需填“working”（非谓语作状语），在“The ______ of the team was praised”中需填“work”（名词作主语，不可数），语境直接决定变形逻辑。 1.2.3 难度分层清晰 适配不同水平考生：基础题（约40%）考查规则性变形，如动词单三、名词复数、形容词变副词的常规后缀（quick→quickly），旨在检验基础语法掌握度；中档题（约40%）侧重语境关联，如时态呼应、非谓语逻辑主语判断、词性转换的语境适配（如“hope”在否定语境中需变形为“hopeless”），需结合上下文分析；难题（约20%）聚焦特殊考点，如固定搭配隐含变形（be worth doing）、抽象名词具体化（a success）、不规则词形变化（good→better）、副词语气修饰（fortunately/unfortunately），对知识储备和灵活运用能力要求较高。 1.2.4 语篇载体贴近生活 新高考卷更注重“真实语境运用”，语篇话题多涉及文化习俗、科技发展、校园生活、人物故事等，避免偏难偏怪话题；全国卷则相对侧重基础语法考查，语篇难度略低于新高考卷，但考点分布一致。 1.3 高考考频 1.3.1 考查数量稳定 近5年高考英语全国甲卷、乙卷及新高考I、II卷中，有提示词填空的考查数量稳定在8-9空，占语法填空总分值（15分）的60%左右，是语法填空的“得分主力”。 1.3.2 考点分布规律 动词变形每年考查3-4空，其中时态/语态1-2空、非谓语动词1-2空、主谓一致1空（偶尔融入时态考点中）；词性转换每年考查2-3空，优先级为“形容词变副词”“动词变名词”“名词变形容词”，偶尔涉及副词变形容词；代词与冠词每年考查1-2空，代词侧重物主代词（形容词性/名词性）、反身代词的指代一致，冠词侧重泛指（a/an）与特指（the）的区分，零冠词用法考查较少。 1.3.3 命题趋势 新高考卷更强调“语境化命题”，减少纯规则性考点，增加非谓语动词逻辑主语、时态呼应、固定搭配隐含变形等中档题；全国卷考点稳定性更强，基础题占比略高，但整体仍以“语境驱动”为核心命题原则。 该流程适配所有有提示词填空题型，遵循“从结构到语境、从预判到验证”的逻辑，避免盲目变形，提升解题准确率。 2.1 步骤1：分析句子结构，定位空格语法功能 2.1.1 核心操作 先通读空格所在句子（若为复合句，需拆分主句与从句），找出句子主干（主谓宾/主系表），明确空格在句中承担的语法成分，这是确定变形方向的前提。具体操作：先标记句子中的谓语动词（若有多个谓语，需确认是否有并列连词and/but/or连接），再根据谓语动词判断主语、宾语，进而区分定语、状语、补语等成分。 2.1.2 成分判断逻辑 ① 空格位于主语之后，无其他谓语动词，且无并列连词连接，空格为谓语动词，需考虑时态、语态、主谓一致；② 句子已有谓语动词，空格前无并列连词，空格为非谓语成分（句首、介词后、名词后常为非谓语），需考虑to do/doing/done；③ 空格修饰名词/代词（位于名词前或后），为定语，需考虑形容词、分词或限定词；④ 空格修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，为状语，需考虑副词、分词短语或不定式；⑤ 空格位于冠词、形容词之后，或作主语/宾语，为名词性成分，需考虑名词。 2.1.3 示例解析 分析句子“______ (help) the poor, she devotes much time to charity”，已有谓语动词“devotes”，空格位于句首且无并列连词，判断为非谓语作状语，进而锁定变形方向。 2.2 步骤2：结合提示词词性，预判变形类型 根据提示词原始词性，结合空格语法功能，缩小变形范围，避免无方向尝试。不同词性提示词的核心变形逻辑如下： 2.2.1 提示词为动词 优先判断“谓语/非谓语”。作谓语：需结合主语人称数、时间线索、主被动关系，确定时态、语态、主谓一致；作非谓语：根据语境功能（目的/主动/被动/完成），判断to do（目的/将来）、doing（主动/进行）、done（被动/完成），同时结合固定搭配验证。 2.2.2 提示词为名词 作主语/宾语时，需考虑单复数、所有格；作定语时，需考虑是否转换为形容词（如care→careful）；修饰动词/句子时，需转换为副词（如fortune→fortunately）。同时注意可数与不可数名词的区分（如advice为不可数，无复数）。 2.2.3 提示词为形容词 修饰名词时，可直接用原词或考虑比较级/最高级；修饰动词/句子时，需转换为副词；作主语/宾语时，需转换为名词（如happy→happiness）。比较级/最高级需结合语境标志词（than用比较级，the+范围用最高级）判断。 2.2.4 提示词为代词 需根据空格功能调整形式——作主语用主格（I/you/he）、作宾语用宾格（me/you/him）、修饰名词用形容词性物主代词（my/your/his）、单独作主语/宾语用名词性物主代词（mine/yours/his）、主语与宾语一致时用反身代词（myself/yourself）。 2.3 步骤3：依托语篇语境，精准确定变形形式 这是避免“语法正确但语义错误”的关键步骤，需结合三大语境线索验证： 2.3.1 时间线索验证 明确动作发生的时间，锁定时态。有明确时间标志词直接匹配（yesterday→一般过去时、since 2020→现在完成时、look/listen→现在进行时）；无明确标志词时，需根据上下文时态呼应（如主句为过去时，宾语从句需用过去相关时态，客观真理除外）。 2.3.2 逻辑与语义线索验证 通过逻辑连接词（though/but/because/so）、语义转折、上下文语义，判断变形是否契合语境。例如提示词“surprise”，在“His success was a great ______ to us”中填“surprise”（名词，惊喜），在“We were ______ at his success”中填“surprised”（形容词，感到惊讶的）。 2.3.3 固定搭配线索验证 部分考点依赖固定搭配，优先级高于单纯语法规则。如“devote oneself to doing”（to为介词，后接动名词）、“be worth doing”（主动表被动）、“have sth. done”（让某事被做），需准确记忆并优先遵循。 2.4 步骤4：检查细节错误，确保语法规范 变形完成后，针对性检查细节，避免因拼写、规则遗漏失分： 2.4.1 动词细节检查 时态/语态形式是否正确，不规则动词变形（write→wrote/written）是否准确，非谓语是否遗漏to，主谓一致是否匹配。 2.4.2 名词细节检查 单复数（不规则复数child→children）、所有格形式是否正确，可数/不可数判断是否无误。 2.4.3 形容词/副词细节检查 词性转换拼写（easy→easily、possible→possibly）、比较级/最高级变化是否规范。 2.4.4 代词细节检查 人称、数、格是否与指代对象一致，无指代混乱。 3.1 考点1：动词变形（高考核心，占比40%） 3.1.1 时态考点 核心考查6大时态，覆盖高考90%以上时态考点： ① 一般现在时：表客观真理、习惯性动作，主语单三时动词加s/es（s/x/ch/sh/o结尾加es，辅音+y结尾变y为i加es），例：He usually goes to school by bike. ② 一般过去时：表过去发生的动作/状态，动词变过去式（规则加ed，不规则需记忆），例：She finished her homework last night. ③ 现在完成时：表过去动作对现在的影响或持续到现在的动作，结构have/has+done（主语单三用has），标志词so far、since、for+时间段，例：We have lived here for 10 years. ④ 现在进行时：表现在正在进行的动作，结构am/is/are+doing（重读闭音节双写末尾辅音加ing），标志词look、listen，例：They are playing basketball now. ⑤ 过去进行时：表过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，结构was/were+doing，常与when/while从句连用，例：I was reading when he called. ⑥ 一般将来时：表将来动作，结构will+do或be going to+do（will表客观将来，be going to表主观计划），例：We will visit the museum tomorrow. 3.1.2 语态考点 仅考查被动语态，核心结构be+done（be动词随时态、主语单复数变化）： ① 一般现在时被动：am/is/are+done，例：The classroom is cleaned every day. ② 一般过去时被动：was/were+done，例：The letter was sent yesterday. ③ 现在完成时被动：have/has been+done，例：The project has been finished. ④ 注意事项：不及物动词（happen、occur、arrive）无被动语态；部分动词主动表被动（sell、read、write），例：The book sells well. 3.1.3 非谓语动词考点 三大形式重点突破： ① 不定式to do：表目的、将来、具体动作；作主语用it作形式主语（It’s important to study hard）；作宾语（want、hope、decide后接to do）；作状语表目的（He came to see me）；作补语（ask sb. to do sth.）。 ② 动名词doing：表主动、进行、习惯性动作；作主语（Reading is useful）；作宾语（finish、enjoy、mind、devote to后接doing）；作定语表用途（a reading room）。 ③ 过去分词done：表被动、完成；作定语（the broken glass）；作状语（Seen from the top，the city is beautiful）；作补语（have sth. done）。 核心关键：判断非谓语与逻辑主语的关系（主动→doing，被动→done）。 3.1.4 主谓一致考点 遵循“语法一致、意义一致、就近一致”三大原则： ① 语法一致：单数主语（不可数名词、单数代词）接单数谓语，复数主语接复数谓语，例：Water covers 71% of the earth. ② 意义一致：集合名词（family、team）表整体接单数，表成员接复数，例：The family is big./The family are watching TV. 分数/百分数修饰名词，谓语与名词一致，例：Two-thirds of the water is clean. ③ 就近一致：either...or...、neither...nor...、not only...but also...、there be后接谓语，与靠近的主语一致，例：Either you or he is right. 3.2 考点2：名词变形（占比10%） 3.2.1 单复数变化 ① 规则变化：一般加s（book→books）；s/x/ch/sh/o结尾加es（box→boxes、potato→potatoes）；辅音+y结尾变y为i加es（city→cities）；f/fe结尾变v加es（knife→knives）。 ② 不规则变化：child→children、mouse→mice、sheep→sheep、fish→fish（表数量）/fishes（表种类）。 ③ 不可数名词：无复数（advice、information、water），若表“种类”可加s（fruits、drinks）。 3.2.2 所有格变化 ① 单数名词：加’s（Tom→Tom’s book）；② 复数名词：以s结尾加’（students→students’ books），不以s结尾加’s（children→children’s toys）；③ 共同所有格：A and B’s（表示A和B共有的），例：This is Tom and Lily’s room. 3.2.3 词性转换关联 名词可转换为形容词（+ful/less/al/ous），例：care→careful、danger→dangerous；也可转换为副词（部分名词+ly），例：friend→friendly（特殊）、luck→luckily。 3.3 考点3：形容词与副词变形（占比15%） 3.3.1 形容词变副词 ① 常规规则：加ly（quick→quickly、clear→clearly）；② 特殊规则：y结尾变y为i加ly（easy→easily、happy→happily）；le结尾去e加y（possible→possibly、simple→simply）；ic结尾加ally（basic→basically、scientific→scientifically）；③ 同形情况：fast→fast、hard→hard、late→late（需结合语境判断词性）。 3.3.2 比较级与最高级 ① 规则变化：短形容词（单音节/部分双音节）加er/est（tall→taller→tallest）；以e结尾加r/st（nice→nicer→nicest）；重读闭音节双写末尾辅音加er/est（big→bigger→biggest）；多音节形容词前加more/most（beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful）。 ② 不规则变化：good/well→better→best、bad/ill→worse→worst、many/much→more→most、little→less→least。 ③ 用法：than前用比较级，the+范围（in the class）前用最高级。 3.3.3 词性转换关联 形容词变名词（+ness/ity/th），例：happy→happiness、able→ability、warm→warmth；副词变形容词（去ly，特殊词需调整），例：quickly→quick、fortunately→fortunate。 3.4 考点4：代词变形（占比5%） 3.4.1 人称代词 主格（I/you/he/she/it/we/they）作主语，例：He is a student. 宾格（me/you/him/her/it/us/them）作宾语，例：I know him. 3.4.2 物主代词 形容词性物主代词（my/your/his/her/its/our/their）修饰名词，例：This is my book. 名词性物主代词（mine/yours/his/hers/its/ours/theirs）单独作主语/宾语，例：This book is mine. 3.4.3 反身代词 myself/yourself/himself/herself/itself/ourselves/yourselves/themselves，表“某人自己”，常与固定搭配连用（by oneself、enjoy oneself、hurt oneself），例：He hurt himself yesterday. 3.4.4 指示代词 this/that（单数）、these/those（复数），表特指；this/these指近物，that/those指远物，例：This is a pen，that is a book. 4.1 技巧1：时态呼应难点突破 4.1.1 核心原则 主从句时态需逻辑一致：① 主句为现在时（一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时），从句可根据语境用任意时态，例：I know he will come tomorrow./I know he came yesterday. ② 主句为过去时（一般过去时、过去进行时），从句需用过去相关时态（一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、过去将来时），例：He said he was busy./He said he would come. ③ 例外情况：从句表客观真理、永恒事实，无论主句时态如何，从句均用一般现在时，例：The teacher said the earth goes around the sun. 4.1.2 易错点应对 遇到“since+过去时间点”“by+过去时间点”等标志词，需区分时态——since后接一般过去时，主句用现在完成时；by后接过去时间点，主句用过去完成时，例：By 2020，we had lived here for 5 years. 4.2 技巧2：语态判断避坑技巧 4.2.1 核心判断步骤 第一步：判断主语与动词的关系——主语是动作的发出者（主动），用主动语态；主语是动作的承受者（被动），用被动语态。第二步：验证是否为及物动词——不及物动词（happen、occur、arrive、appear）无被动语态，若提示词为不及物动词，直接排除被动语态，例：The accident happened yesterday.（不可用was happened）。 4.2.2 特殊情况处理 ① 主动表被动的动词（sell、read、write、wash、wear），需结合语境判断，例：The cloth washes well.（表布料的特性，主动表被动）。② 被动语态的省略：在时间、条件、让步状语从句中，若主语与主句主语一致且含be动词，可省略主语和be动词，例：When (he was) asked，he kept silent. 4.3 技巧3：词性转换特殊情况处理 4.3.1 否定形式转换 语境表否定时，需在词性转换基础上添加否定前缀（un-/in-/im-/dis-）或后缀（-less），例：happy→unhappy、possible→impossible、hope→hopeless。 4.3.2 特殊词形变化 部分词词性转换无固定后缀，需单独记忆，例：good→well（形容词→副词）、far→farther/further（形容词/副词比较级）、person→personal→personally（名词→形容词→副词）。 4.3.3 抽象名词具体化 部分抽象名词（success、failure、pleasure、surprise）可具体化，前加a/an，表“一件……的事”，例：It’s a great success. 4.4 技巧4：非谓语动词逻辑主语判断技巧 4.4.1 核心逻辑 非谓语动词的逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，需确保逻辑主语与非谓语动词的关系一致。① 句首非谓语（doing/done）：逻辑主语=句子主语，例：Walking in the street，I saw a friend.（I与walk是主动关系，用walking）；Seen from the top，the city is beautiful.（the city与see是被动关系，用seen）。 4.4.2 易错点应对 若逻辑主语与句子主语不一致，需在非谓语前补充逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构，例：Weather permitting，we will go out.（weather是permit的逻辑主语，与句子主语we不一致）。 4.5 技巧5：固定搭配隐含变形应对 4.5.1 高频搭配分类 ① 动词+to do：want、hope、decide、refuse、manage、afford；② 动词+doing：finish、enjoy、mind、practice、suggest、devote to、look forward to；③ 动词+sb.+to do：ask、tell、want、teach、advise；④ 主动表被动：be worth doing、be busy doing、have sth. done；⑤ 介词+doing：in、on、at、with、without、before、after后接动名词。 4.5.2 示例解析 He is looking forward to visiting his grandparents.（to为介词，后接visiting）。 本小节例题覆盖时态、语态、非谓语动词、主谓一致四大核心考点，所有例题均贴合高考语篇语境，解析严格落实分步操作，帮助快速适配解题逻辑。 例题1（一般现在时主谓一致）：Every morning，my mother ______ (cook) breakfast for our family before going to work. 例题2（一般过去时）：Yesterday，we ______ (visit) the local museum with our history teacher and learned a lot about ancient culture. 例题3（现在完成时）：So far，the students ______ (finish) three quarters of the task assigned by the teacher. 例题4（一般过去时被动语态）：The old temple ______ (repair) last year and it has become a popular tourist spot now. 例题5（不定式作目的状语）：She saved up money for half a year ______ (buy) a new computer for her brother’s birthday. 例题6（动名词作宾语）：The little boy enjoys ______ (play) football with his classmates after school every day. 例题7（过去分词作定语）：The book ______ (write) by a famous author has been translated into ten languages. 例题8（主谓一致——集合名词）：The family ______ (be) going to take a trip to the south during the winter vacation. 例题9（过去进行时）：When I arrived at his house，he ______ (watch) TV with his parents in the living room. 例题10（现在进行时表将来）：My sister ______ (leave) for Beijing tomorrow morning，so she is packing her luggage now. 例题11（现在完成时被动语态）：The project ______ (complete) since last month，and it will be put into use soon. 例题12（动名词作主语） ______ (read) English aloud in the morning is a good way to improve pronunciation. 例题13（不定式作宾语补足语）：The teacher asked us ______ (hand) in our homework before the end of the class. 例题14（主谓一致——分数修饰名词）：Two-thirds of the land ______ (be) covered with grass in this area. 例题15（一般将来时被动语态）：The meeting ______ (hold) next Monday，so we need to prepare the materials in advance. 例题16（过去分词作状语）：______ (inform) of the good news，she jumped with joy immediately. 例题17（主谓一致——就近一致）：Either you or your brother ______ (be) responsible for this mistake. 例题18（不定式作主语——形式主语）：It is important for us ______ (master) basic grammar rules in English learning. 例题19（过去完成时）：By the time we arrived at the station，the train ______ (leave) already. 例题20（主谓一致——不可数名词）：The water in this river ______ (become) cleaner than before because of the environmental protection. 本小节例题聚焦名词、形容词、副词、动词之间的互转，重点考查后缀变化、拼写规则及语境适配，解析分步拆解词性判断与变形逻辑。 例题1（形容词变副词）：The little girl sings ______ (beautiful) and won the first prize in the singing competition. 例题2（动词变名词）：His ______ (invent) of the new machine has greatly improved work efficiency in the factory. 例题3（名词变形容词）：We should protect the ______ (nature) environment and live in harmony with nature. 例题4（形容词变名词）：The ______ (happy) on her face showed that she was satisfied with the result. 例题5（副词变形容词）：The ______ (quickly) response of the firefighters saved many lives in the fire. 例题6（动词变形容词）：The story is so ______ (move) that many people can’t help crying when reading it. 例题7（名词变副词）：______ (fortune)，we caught the last bus and didn’t have to walk home in the rain. 例题8（形容词变形容词——否定前缀）：It is ______ (possible) to finish the task in such a short time，so we need to ask for more help. 例题9（动词变名词——特殊后缀）：Her ______ (achieve) in the field of science has been recognized by the whole world. 例题10（形容词变副词——y结尾变形）：The child slept ______ (sound) after playing for a whole day. 例题11（名词变形容词——ful后缀）：We had a ______ (wonder) time during the summer vacation with our family. 例题12（动词变形容词——ed形式）：The ______ (excite) children rushed out of the classroom as soon as the bell rang. 例题13（形容词变副词——le结尾变形）：He solved the math problem ______ (simple) with the help of his teacher. 例题14（名词变形容词——less后缀）：The ______ (home) child was taken care of by the kind villagers. 例题15（动词变名词——ing形式）：______ (swim) is a good sport that can improve our physical health. 例题16（形容词变副词——ic结尾变形）：The scientist explained the theory ______ (scientific) so that we could understand it easily. 例题17（名词变形容词——ous后缀）：The ______ (danger) situation made everyone feel nervous and worried. 例题18（动词变名词——tion后缀）：The ______ (decide) made by the committee will affect the development of the company. 例题19（形容词变名词——ity后缀）：She has the ______ (able) to finish the work well without any help. 例题20（名词变副词——ly后缀）：______ (friend)，he offered to drive us to the airport when he knew we were in a hurry. 本小节例题围绕代词指代一致、冠词泛指与特指核心考点设计，解析分步明确成分判断与用法匹配，贴合高考基础得分点需求。 例题1（形容词性物主代词）：My brother lost ______ (he) wallet on the way to school and had to ask our parents for help. 例题2（不定冠词a表泛指）：There is ______ (a/an) book on the desk. It’s my English textbook. 例题3（名词性物主代词）：This pen is not mine. Is it ______ (you)? 例题4（定冠词the表特指）：______ (The/A) sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 例题5（反身代词）：The little girl can dress ______ (she) without her mother’s help now. 例题6（不定冠词an表泛指）：She is ______ (a/an) honest girl. Everyone in her class likes her. 例题7（人称代词宾格）：My parents often take my sister and ______ (I) to the park on weekends. 例题8（定冠词the表特指前文提到的事物）：I bought a new bag yesterday. ______ (The/A) bag is black and very beautiful. 例题9（物主代词指代一致）：Each student should finish ______ (they) homework on time. 例题10（定冠词the表特指双方共知的事物）：Open ______ (the/a) window，please. It’s too hot in the room. 例题11（指示代词this表近指）：______ (This/That) is my new teacher. He just came to our school last week. 例题12（不定冠词a表泛指——固定搭配）：He has ______ (a/an) good knowledge of English and can communicate with foreigners freely. 例题13（反身代词固定搭配）：The children enjoyed ______ (they) at the party last night. 例题14（定冠词the表特指序数词前）：She is ______ (the/a) first student in our class to pass the exam. 例题15（人称代词主格）：______ (Me/I) and my friend will go to the cinema this weekend. 例题16（不定冠词a表泛指——职业前）：He wants to be ______ (a/an) doctor when he grows up to help sick people. 例题17（物主代词指代——名词性）：Her bag is more beautiful than ______ (my/mine). 例题18（定冠词the表特指复数名词前）：______ (The/A) books on the shelf are mine. They are all storybooks. 例题19（指示代词those表远指复数）：______ (These/Those) are my uncle’s farm animals. They are in the field over there. 例题20（反身代词——第三人称单数）：The boy hurt ______ (he) when he was playing basketball yesterday. 本小节选取20篇贴合高考难度的语篇，涵盖记叙文、说明文、议论文三大体裁，每篇语篇包含8-9个有提示词空格，解题复盘严格对应前文方法，分步拆解每空思路，强化考点综合运用能力。 语篇1（记叙文——人物故事） Last summer vacation，I went to the countryside to visit my grandparents. The weather there was very pleasant，and the air was fresh. Every morning，I ______ (get) up early with my grandpa to walk around the village. We ______ (meet) many kind villagers，who always greeted us warmly. One day，my grandma taught me how ______ (make) dumplings. It was my first time to do that，so I was a little nervous. But with grandma’s help，I finished my first dumpling ______ (success). In the afternoon，I often went fishing with my cousin by the river. The fish in the river ______ (be) very fresh. We usually cooked them for dinner. During the vacation，I also learned some farm work. I helped my grandparents pick vegetables and feed the chickens. It was a meaningful experience. I ______ (learn) a lot from it and felt very happy. I will never forget this wonderful vacation，which ______ (leave) a deep impression on me. 语篇2（说明文——文化习俗） Traditional Chinese customs are an important part of cultural heritage，which have been passed down for thousands of years. These customs ______ (reflect) the wisdom and living habits of Chinese people，and play a vital role in connecting family bonds and promoting cultural identity. One of the most well-known customs is celebrating the Spring Festival. On New Year’s Eve，families gather to have a reunion dinner，______ (enjoy) dishes like dumplings and fish. Dumplings symbolize prosperity，while fish represents surplus in Chinese culture. Red envelopes，______ are usually given by elders to children，are filled with love and good wishes. After dinner，people usually watch the Spring Festival Gala or set off fireworks ______ (welcome) the new year. Another important custom is the Mid-Autumn Festival，celebrated on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month. On this day，families get together to admire the full moon and eat mooncakes，______ shape is round to symbolize reunion. People usually share mooncakes with their families，and the story of Chang’e is often told ______ (explain) the origin of the festival. The festival also carries people’s longing for family members who are far away from home. With the development of society，some traditional customs have been simplified，but their core meanings ______ (preserve). They are not only a symbol of Chinese culture but also a spiritual treasure that we should cherish and pass down. 语篇3（记叙文——体验传统剪纸习俗） Inspired by the traditional customs mentioned in the previous passage，I decided to experience paper-cutting，a classic folk custom，with my grandma last weekend. Paper-cutting，______ (use) to decorate houses during festivals，has a long history in China and is loved by people of all ages. Grandma，who is in her seventies，learned this craft from ______ (she) mother when she was young. She prepared red paper，sharp scissors and a pencil for me. First，she drew a beautiful peony pattern on the paper—peony symbolizes prosperity in Chinese culture. Then she demonstrated how to cut along the lines，telling me to keep my hands steady and cut slowly. I followed her steps，but my first attempt was a failure；the pattern was broken because I cut ______ fast. Grandma didn’t blame me. She patiently guided my wrist and encouraged me to try again. Every time I made a mistake，she told me that patience is the key to ______ (master) any handcraft. After several hours of practice，I finally finished a paper-cutting work of a butterfly. It looked vivid，and I felt a strong sense of achievement. When we pasted it on the window，the red paper ______ (shine) brightly in the sun，adding a festive atmosphere to the house. This experience let me deeply feel the charm of traditional folk customs. I not only learned a new skill but also understood the patience and dedication behind every handcraft. I ______ (keep) this paper-cutting as a souvenir and hope to learn more about such customs in the future with my family. 语篇4（说明文——传统端午习俗） The Dragon Boat Festival，on the fifth day of the fifth lunar month，is another important traditional festival in China. It is celebrated to commemorate Qu Yuan，a patriotic poet in ancient China，and has a variety of unique customs that ______ (last) for thousands of years. Making and eating zongzi is a core custom of the festival. Zongzi is made of glutinous rice with different fillings，such as red beans，meat and salted eggs. The process of making zongzi is delicate—people need to soak glutinous rice and bamboo leaves ______ a few hours first，then wrap the rice and fillings into a triangular shape with leaves. This custom ______ (pass) down from generation to generation，carrying people’s respect for Qu Yuan. Dragon boat races are also a highlight of the festival. Teams of rowers sit in long，narrow boats shaped like dragons，rowing as fast as they can with the help of a drummer. The drummer plays an important role in ______ (guide) the rowers’ rhythm. The races are held on rivers and lakes，attracting a large number of spectators，most of ______ are locals. In addition，people also hang mugwort and calamus around their houses to drive away evil spirits and keep healthy. These customs are not only interesting but also meaningful，reflecting Chinese people’s longing for ______ happy and healthy life. We should protect these customs and pass them on to ______ (we) children. 语篇5（议论文——传统习俗的当代意义） In the era of globalization，some people argue that traditional customs are outdated and irrelevant to modern life. However，I firmly believe that traditional customs still have great significance and ______ (deserve) to be inherited and developed. Firstly，traditional customs strengthen family ties. Festivals like the Spring Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival force people to put aside their busy work and gather with family members. During these festivals，people share emotions and create precious memories，which ______ (deepen) the bond between family members. Secondly，traditional customs are the carrier of Chinese culture. They reflect the values，beliefs and living habits of Chinese people，helping us build a strong sense of cultural identity. Of course，traditional customs should keep pace with the times. We can innovate their forms without changing their core meanings. For example，young people can design creative zongzi or dragon boat race posters ______ (attract) more peers to pay attention to traditional customs. This way，traditional customs can gain new vitality and be accepted by ______ younger generations. Moreover，the government should take measures to protect traditional customs，such as setting up cultural museums and organizing folk activities. It is everyone’s responsibility ______ (protect) traditional customs. In short，traditional customs are a precious part of Chinese culture. They provide spiritual support for us and contribute to social harmony. We should cherish them，innovate them and pass them down to future ______ (generation). 语篇6（议论文——传统习俗与文化自信） Cultural confidence is rooted in a nation’s traditional customs，which are the spiritual foundation of a country. In modern society，we should attach great importance to traditional customs，as they not only carry historical memories but also ______ (lay) a solid foundation for cultural confidence. Traditional customs are the most vivid expression of Chinese culture. For example，the custom of respecting elders reflects the virtue of filial piety，______ has been valued by Chinese people for thousands of years. When we inherit such customs，we are not just following old rules，but passing on the core values of our nation. Moreover，traditional customs can enrich our cultural life，______ (provide) us with a sense of belonging and identity. However，cultural confidence does not mean blind adherence to tradition. We should objectively view traditional customs，abandoning outdated parts and retaining valuable ones. For instance，some old customs involving waste or superstition should be reformed，while customs like paper-cutting and calligraphy deserve ______ (protect) and promotion. In conclusion，traditional customs are closely linked to cultural confidence. It is necessary for us to inherit and innovate traditional customs，so that they can become a powerful driving force for cultural development. Only in this way can we build a strong cultural confidence and let Chinese culture shine ______ the world. We should also encourage young people to learn about traditional customs，making them ______ (become) the inheritors of Chinese culture. 语篇7（记叙文——学做传统桂花糕） Last autumn，when osmanthus flowers were in full bloom，my grandma invited me to learn how to make sweet osmanthus cake，a traditional snack with a history of over 200 years. It is a classic autumn snack in southern China，and its sweet taste ______ (leave) a deep impression on me every time I eat it. Grandma prepared all the ingredients：glutinous rice flour，osmanthus flowers，rock sugar and water. She told me that the osmanthus flowers must be fresh，______ they will affect the taste of the cake. First，she mixed the glutinous rice flour with warm water，kneading it into a smooth dough. I tried to help，but the dough was either too dry or too sticky，making me ______ (feel) a little frustrated. Grandma smiled and taught me to adjust the amount of water little by little. After mastering the dough-kneading skill，we rolled the dough into small pieces and flattened them. Then we put a spoonful of osmanthus filling，which was made of osmanthus flowers and rock sugar，in the middle and sealed the dough. Finally，we steamed the cakes in a bamboo steamer for about 15 minutes. The sweet fragrance of osmanthus filled the kitchen as soon as the steamer ______ (open). When I tasted the warm osmanthus cake，I felt the sweetness spread in my mouth. This experience let me know that every traditional snack is made with care. I not only learned to make osmanthus cake but also understood the love hidden in traditional food. I hope to make this cake with my family every autumn，passing down this sweet traditional ______ (memory) to my children. 语篇8（说明文——传统皮影戏文化） Shadow puppetry，also known as “shadow play”，is a traditional Chinese folk art that ______ (date) back to the Western Han Dynasty. It is a unique form of storytelling，using leather puppets and light to create vivid scenes，and has been popular in rural areas of China for thousands of years. The production of shadow puppets is a delicate process. Puppets are usually made of cowhide or donkey hide，which is thin，soft and durable. Craftsmen carve various patterns on the hide with sharp knives，then paint them with bright colors. Each puppet ______ (make) by hand，and it takes several days to finish a single puppet. The puppets are designed with movable joints，allowing performers to control them ______ (flexible) to show different actions. Performance is another key part of shadow puppetry. Performers stand behind a white screen，holding puppets and moving them while telling stories. They also imitate different voices to play different roles，______ makes the performance more vivid. The stories told in shadow plays are usually from Chinese classics，such as “Journey to the West” and “Romance of the Three Kingdoms”，helping audiences understand traditional culture. With the development of modern media，shadow puppetry is facing the risk of disappearing. To protect this precious folk art，the government has listed it as an intangible cultural heritage. More efforts should be made to promote shadow puppetry，attracting more young people to learn this art. We believe that shadow puppetry will regain ______ (it) vitality with the joint efforts of all people. 语篇9（议论文——传统习俗的创新传播） In the digital age，traditional customs are facing new challenges and opportunities. To let more people know about and inherit traditional customs，we must innovate their communication methods，instead of ______ (stick) to the old ways. Firstly，we can use social media to promote traditional customs. Young people are fond of using platforms like Douyin and WeChat，so we can post short videos about traditional customs，such as making zongzi and performing shadow puppetry. These videos can show the charm of traditional customs in a vivid way，attracting young people’s attention. Secondly，we can combine traditional customs with modern activities. For example，we can hold traditional custom-themed parties or exhibitions，______ allows people to experience traditional culture in a relaxed atmosphere. Moreover，innovation does not mean abandoning the core of traditional customs. We should keep the core meanings of customs unchanged while innovating their forms. For instance，traditional couplets can be printed with creative designs，but their meaning of blessing should be retained. This way，traditional customs can adapt ______ the modern society and gain new followers. In addition，schools and families should work together to guide young people to understand traditional customs. Schools can organize cultural activities，and families can let children experience traditional customs in daily life. It is important for us to pass down traditional customs to future generations，______ (make) them an important part of our cultural life. Only through innovation can traditional customs survive and develop in the digital age，shining brightly in ______ new era. 语篇10（记叙文——参与传统元宵灯会） The Lantern Festival is a traditional festival that marks the end of the Spring Festival celebrations. Last year，I went to the traditional lantern fair in my hometown with my family，and the wonderful experience is still fresh in ______ (I) mind. When we arrived at the fair，it was already crowded with people. The streets were decorated with thousands of lanterns of different shapes，such as rabbits，dragons and flowers. Each lantern was brightly lit，turning the street into a sea of light. Some lanterns had riddles written on them，which is a classic activity of the Lantern Festival. I was eager to guess the riddles，so I walked from one lantern to another，______ (hope) to get the right answers. After guessing several riddles successfully，I won a small lantern as a prize. It was a rabbit-shaped lantern，which is a symbol of good luck. Then we watched the dragon dance performance. The dancers wore colorful costumes and controlled the dragon with great skill，making the dragon look like it was flying in the air. The crowd cheered loudly，and the atmosphere was extremely lively. We also tasted various snacks，such as tanghulu and glutinous rice balls，______ taste was delicious. As night fell，we lit our small lantern and walked along the street. The warm light of the lanterns and the laughter of people filled the air. This experience let me feel the strong festive atmosphere of the Lantern Festival and appreciate the charm of traditional customs. I ______ (visit) the lantern fair with my family every year，and I hope this traditional activity ______ (continue) to be passed down. 语篇11（说明文——传统书法艺术） Chinese calligraphy is a traditional art form that combines writing and aesthetics，and it ______ (be) regarded as one of the most important parts of Chinese cultural heritage. With a history of over 3,000 years，calligraphy has developed into several major styles，such as regular script，cursive script and running script. Learning calligraphy requires patience and practice. Beginners usually start with regular script，which is neat and standard，helping them master the basic strokes and structures of Chinese characters. To write good calligraphy，one needs to hold the brush correctly—this is the foundation of calligraphy. The brush should be held firmly but gently，allowing the writer to control the strength ______ (flexible). In addition，writers need to pay attention to the balance of characters，as well as the connection between strokes. Calligraphy is not just a writing skill，but also a way to cultivate one’s mind. When writing calligraphy，people need to calm down and focus on the brush and paper，which helps relieve stress and improve concentration. Many people practice calligraphy as a hobby，______ (enjoy) the peace and joy it brings. Today，calligraphy is still widely respected in China. It is taught in many schools，and calligraphy exhibitions are often held around the country. More and more young people are beginning to learn calligraphy，realizing its cultural value. Calligraphy carries the aesthetic pursuit of Chinese people，and it will continue to be ______ important part of Chinese culture. We should cherish this traditional art and pass it on to future ______ (generation). 语篇12（议论文——传统习俗与家庭和谐） Traditional customs are an important bond that connects family members，playing a crucial role in promoting family harmony. In modern society，where people are busy with work and study，traditional customs provide a chance for families to gather and ______ (strengthen) their emotional ties. Festive customs are the best example of this. During the Spring Festival，families get together to have a reunion dinner，exchange greetings and share their life experiences. This process helps family members understand each other better and resolve conflicts. Similarly，the Mid-Autumn Festival ______ (encourage) families to admire the full moon and eat mooncakes together，expressing their longing for each other. These customs let family members feel the warmth of home and build a closer relationship. In addition to festive customs，daily traditional customs also contribute to family harmony. For example，the custom of having dinner together every night allows family members to communicate with each other，sharing joys and sorrows. The custom of respecting elders teaches children to be grateful，______ helps build a harmonious family atmosphere. However，some families ignore traditional customs due to the fast pace of life，which leads to the estrangement between family members. To maintain family harmony，we should attach importance to traditional customs，making them a part of our daily life. We can also innovate traditional customs to adapt to modern life，such as having a “mini reunion dinner” if family members are far away. Only by inheriting traditional customs can we keep family bonds strong and create a ______ (peace) family environment. We should let traditional customs become the spiritual link of families，passing down the virtue of family harmony to future ______ (generation). 语篇13（记叙文——学绣传统香囊） Last summer，my aunt taught me how to make a traditional sachet，a small bag filled with fragrant herbs. Sachets are a traditional custom in China，usually made during the Dragon Boat Festival to drive away mosquitoes and bring good luck. I was curious about this craft，so I agreed ______ (learn) it with great enthusiasm. Aunt prepared all the materials：colorful silk cloth，fragrant herbs，threads and needles. She told me that the silk cloth should be soft and durable，and the herbs should be fresh to ensure a strong fragrance. First，she cut the silk cloth into small squares，then folded them in half and sewed three sides with a needle and thread. I tried to sew，but my stitches were uneven and the thread often got tangled，making me want to give ______. Aunt encouraged me，telling me that practice makes perfect. She patiently guided my hands，teaching me to hold the needle correctly and control the length of the stitches. After several attempts，I finally sewed a small bag. Then we put the fragrant herbs into the bag and sewed the fourth side. Aunt also taught me to embroider a small peony pattern on the sachet，which made it more beautiful. The peony pattern symbolizes prosperity，______ is a common element in traditional crafts. When I finished the sachet，I hung it on my schoolbag. Every time I smelled the fragrance，I thought of the happy time with my aunt. This experience let me learn a traditional craft and understand the patience behind it. I ______ (make) a sachet for my family every Dragon Boat Festival，hoping to pass down this warm traditional custom. I believe that these small sachets will carry the love of the family and keep the traditional culture alive. 语篇14（说明文——传统中秋习俗细节） The Mid-Autumn Festival，also known as the Moon Festival，is celebrated on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month every year. It is a festival for family reunion，and its customs ______ (develop) and inherited for thousands of years，carrying people’s longing for family and good wishes for life. Admiring the full moon is the core custom of the festival. On this day，the moon is the roundest and brightest of the year，symbolizing reunion. Families usually place a table in the yard，putting mooncakes，fruits and other offerings on it. They sit around the table，admiring the moon and chatting，______ (enjoy) the peaceful night. The story of Chang’e flying to the moon is often told on this occasion，adding a romantic atmosphere to the festival. Eating mooncakes is another essential custom. Mooncakes are round，representing reunion. They are made of flour，sugar and various fillings，such as lotus seed paste，red bean paste and salted egg yolks. Different regions have different styles of mooncakes，______ reflects the diversity of Chinese food culture. In the past，mooncakes were made by hand at home，but now most people buy them from stores. However，the meaning of mooncakes—reunion—remains unchanged. In addition，there are other customs in different regions. For example，in some southern areas，people play lanterns on the street；in some northern areas，people worship the moon to pray for good luck. These customs are closely related to local culture，enriching the connotation of the Mid-Autumn Festival. Today，the Mid-Autumn Festival is also a national holiday in China，allowing people to have more time ______ (spend) with their families. We should cherish these customs and pass them on to future generations，letting the Mid-Autumn Festival ______ (remain) a symbol of family reunion. 语篇15（议论文——传统习俗与跨文化传播） With the deepening of globalization，cross-cultural communication has become more frequent. Traditional Chinese customs，as a window of Chinese culture，play an important role in promoting cross-cultural understanding and ______ (bridge) the gap between different nations. Traditional customs can show the unique charm of Chinese culture to the world. For example，dragon boat races and paper-cutting have been introduced to many foreign countries，attracting a large number of foreign friends. When foreign people experience these customs，they can better understand Chinese values and living habits，______ helps reduce cultural misunderstandings. Moreover，traditional customs can become a bond for cross-cultural exchanges. Many international cultural activities include Chinese traditional customs，allowing Chinese culture to integrate with other cultures. However，promoting traditional customs in cross-cultural communication also faces challenges. Some traditional customs are difficult to understand for foreign people due to cultural differences. To solve this problem，we should explain the connotation of traditional customs in a simple way，______ (make) them easier to accept. We can also combine traditional customs with modern media，such as posting explanatory videos on international platforms. In addition，we should respect cultural differences when promoting traditional customs. We should not force foreign people to accept our customs，but let them understand and appreciate them voluntarily. Promoting traditional customs in cross-cultural communication is not only about spreading Chinese culture，but also about learning from other cultures. Only in this way can we build a harmonious cultural relationship with other nations. We believe that traditional customs will become a powerful carrier for Chinese culture to go global，______ (help) the world understand China better. 语篇16（记叙文——参与传统祭祖仪式） Last Qingming Festival，I went back to my hometown with my family to attend the traditional ancestor worship ceremony. Qingming Festival is a festival to honor ancestors，and this ceremony ______ (be) an important part of the festival for hundreds of years. It let me understand the importance of remembering ancestors and inheriting family traditions. Early in the morning，my family prepared the offerings：fruits，cakes，wine and joss sticks. My dad told me that the offerings should be carefully prepared to show respect to ancestors. We walked to the ancestral grave，which was located on a small hill. Along the way，we picked some fresh flowers to place on the grave. When we arrived，my grandpa lit the joss sticks and led us to bow to the ancestors. He told us stories about our ancestors，______ let me know more about my family history. During the ceremony，everyone kept quiet and looked solemn. My dad told me that ancestor worship is not only a custom，but also a way to express gratitude to ancestors. They worked hard to build a better life for our family，and we should remember their contributions. After the ceremony，we cleaned the grave and placed the offerings neatly. We also planted a small tree beside the grave，hoping it would grow with our family’s love for ancestors. On the way back home，I thought a lot. This ceremony let me feel the strong family bond and the weight of tradition. I realized that traditional customs are not just old rituals，but a link connecting the past and the present. I ______ (attend) this ceremony with my family every Qingming Festival，and I hope to pass down this meaningful custom to my children. It is these traditions that make our family ______ (close) and help us keep our cultural roots alive. 语篇17（说明文——传统端午挂艾草习俗） Hanging wormwood and calamus during the Dragon Boat Festival is a traditional custom in China，which ______ (date) back to ancient times. This custom is widely popular in both northern and southern China，and it is closely related to people’s desire for health and safety. Wormwood and calamus are two kinds of herbs with special fragrances. In ancient times，people believed that the fragrance of these herbs could drive away mosquitoes，flies and evil spirits，protecting them from diseases. Today，we know that wormwood contains natural substances that can repel insects，______ explains why it is still used in daily life. The shape of calamus is like a sword，and people regard it as a symbol of warding off evil，______ (bring) good luck to the family. The way of hanging wormwood and calamus is simple but meaningful. Usually，people pick fresh wormwood and calamus on the morning of the Dragon Boat Festival，tie them into small bundles，and hang them on doorframes or windowsills. The bundles should be hung high enough to let the fragrance spread ______ (wide) in the house. Some families also put a small bundle in the car to keep the air fresh. This custom not only reflects the wisdom of ancient Chinese people but also carries their longing for a healthy life. With the development of society，the symbolic meaning of hanging wormwood and calamus has become more important than its practical use. It is a part of Chinese traditional culture that we should cherish and pass on to future ______ (generation). We believe that this custom will continue to exist in people’s lives，reminding us of the value of traditional wisdom. 语篇18（议论文——传统习俗与青年责任） As the backbone of the future society，young people shoulder the responsibility of inheriting traditional customs. In the fast-paced modern life，many traditional customs are gradually forgotten，so it is urgent for young people ______ (take) action to protect and develop these precious cultural heritages. Young people have unique advantages in inheriting traditional customs. They are familiar with modern media，such as short video platforms and social networks，which can be used to promote traditional customs in a creative way. For example，young people can shoot short videos about making traditional snacks or performing folk arts，______ attracts more peers to pay attention to traditional culture. Moreover，young people have open minds，allowing them to combine traditional customs with modern elements，______ (make) the customs more attractive to the younger generation. However，some young people lack awareness of inheriting traditional customs，thinking that these customs are outdated. To change this situation，schools and families should work together to guide young people. Schools can organize cultural activities，such as calligraphy competitions and folk art exhibitions，to let young people experience the charm of traditional customs. Families can let children participate in traditional festivals from an early age，helping them form a sense of identity with their own culture. In conclusion，inheriting traditional customs is not only a cultural task but also a responsibility of young people. Young people should actively learn about traditional customs，innovate their expression forms，and pass them on to future generations. Only when young people take the initiative to inherit traditional customs can these customs ______ (keep) alive and make Chinese culture more brilliant in the new era. 语篇19（记叙文——学编传统中国结） During the winter vacation last year，my grandma taught me how to weave a Chinese knot，a traditional craft with a history of more than 2,000 years. Chinese knots are often used as decorations or gifts，and each knot ______ (symbolize) good wishes，such as happiness，prosperity and harmony. Grandma prepared colorful silk threads and a small board with nails. She told me that weaving a Chinese knot requires patience and precision，as even a small mistake can ruin the whole work. First，she showed me how to tie the basic knot，______ is called the “flat knot”. I tried to follow her steps，but my fingers were not flexible enough，and the thread kept getting tangled. I wanted to give up，but grandma encouraged me，saying that practice ______ (make) perfect. After several hours of practice，I finally wove a simple Chinese knot. It was red，which is a lucky color in Chinese culture. Grandma helped me decorate it with a small tassel，making it more beautiful. I hung the knot on my bedroom door，and every time I saw it，I felt a sense of achievement. This experience let me know that every traditional craft is the result of hard work. On the Spring Festival，I wove several Chinese knots as gifts for my friends. They were very happy to receive the gifts and praised the beauty of the knots. I told them the meaning of Chinese knots，______ helped them understand more about Chinese traditional culture. I decided to learn to weave more complex Chinese knots，hoping to pass down this lovely craft to ______ (I) future children. 语篇20（说明文——传统重阳登高习俗） The Double Ninth Festival，celebrated on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month，is a traditional festival in China. Climbing mountains is the most important custom of this festival，and it ______ (be) popular for thousands of years. This custom not only helps people keep fit but also carries people’s good wishes for the elderly. The origin of climbing mountains on the Double Ninth Festival can be traced back to the Eastern Han Dynasty. According to legend，a man named Heng Jing learned that a disaster would happen on the ninth day of the ninth lunar month. He advised people to climb mountains to avoid the disaster，and this practice gradually developed into a custom. Today，climbing mountains on this day is still a favorite activity for many families. People usually climb mountains with their families，enjoying the beautiful autumn scenery and breathing fresh air. In addition to climbing mountains，there are other customs on the Double Ninth Festival. For example，people often wear dogwood，a kind of plant with medicinal value，to ward off evil spirits and keep healthy. They also eat chongyang cakes，______ shape is round，symbolizing reunion. The Double Ninth Festival is also a festival for respecting the elderly，so many families take their parents or grandparents out for a walk，______ (express) their love and gratitude. With the development of society，the way people celebrate the Double Ninth Festival has changed，but the core meaning of the festival remains unchanged. It is a festival that combines health，respect and reunion. We should cherish these traditional customs，pass them on to future generations，and let the Double Ninth Festival ______ (become) a bridge connecting family love and traditional culture. 1. 动词变形类易错点 高频陷阱 （1）时态判断偏差：忽略上下文时间标志词，仅凭局部语境误判时态，如将“for+时间段”直接归为一般过去时，而非现在完成时；混淆“过去进行时表过去持续动作”与“一般过去时表瞬间动作”。 （2）语态误用：未判断主语与动词的主动/被动关系，盲目用主动语态，如“the letter ______ (write) by Tom”误填wrote，忽略被动逻辑；或被动语态结构残缺，漏填be动词。 （3）非谓语动词混淆：分不清不定式、现在分词、过去分词的用法场景，如目的状语误填现在分词，伴随状语误填不定式；忽略“使役动词+宾语+省略to的不定式”结构，多余添加to。 （4）主谓一致疏漏：主语为单数（如each, every, 单数名词短语）时，谓语动词未用第三人称单数形式；集合名词作主语时，未根据语境判断单复数（如family表整体用单数，表成员用复数）。 规避方法 （1）锁定时间标志：牢记“for/since+时间段”“so far”“in the past few years”等为现在完成时标志；“yesterday”“last week”“at that time”等为一般过去时标志，结合上下文动作逻辑验证时态。 （2）判断动宾关系：若主语是动作的承受者，必用被动语态，同时匹配对应时态的be动词（如一般现在时被动is/are+done，现在完成时被动have/has been+done）；主动语态需确保主语能发出该动作。 （3）明确非谓语功能：目的用不定式（to do），伴随/结果用现在分词（doing，主动关系），被动/完成用过去分词（done，被动关系）；熟记使役动词（make, let, have）、感官动词（see, hear）后接省略to的不定式，被动语态需还原to。 （4）聚焦主语核心：找到句子真正主语（排除介词短语、从句等干扰成分），根据主语单复数确定谓语动词形式，单数主语后谓语动词加s/es（不规则动词特殊变形需牢记）。 2. 词性转换类易错点 高频陷阱 （1）词性判断错误：误判空格处所需词性，如修饰名词需形容词却填副词，修饰动词/形容词需副词却填形容词；忽略“冠词+名词”“形容词+名词”“副词+形容词”的固定修饰逻辑。 （2）变形规则混淆：名词复数变形漏记特殊情况（如child→children，mouse→mice）；形容词副词比较级/最高级混淆规则变化与不规则变化（如good→better→best，far→farther/further）。 （3）词形变化疏漏：动词变名词时漏加后缀（如explain→explanation，而非explaination）；形容词变副词时，以“y”结尾未变“i”加ly（如happy→happily，而非happyly）。 （4）正负词性误用：忽略语境情感倾向，误填反义词，如“the ______ (important) of the problem”需名词importance，却填unimportance；“a ______ (hope) news”需形容词hopeful，却填hopeless。 规避方法 （1）分析句子成分：空格后接名词→填形容词；空格前为副词/系动词→填形容词；空格修饰动词/形容词/句子→填副词；空格前有冠词/形容词→填名词，明确成分后锁定词性。 （2）牢记变形规则：分类记忆名词复数、形容词副词比较级特殊变形，整理高频不规则变形词（如vary→variety→various→variously）；动词变名词、形容词变副词的后缀规律（如-tion/-ment/-ness表名词，-ly表副词）。 （3）核对词形细节：变形后通读句子，检查拼写正确性（如名词后缀-tion/-sion的区别，副词是否漏加ly）；对于多词性词（如interest→interesting/interested），根据主语是人/物判断-ed/-ing形式。 （4）结合语境验证：根据上下文语义判断需肯定词还是否定词，如“we felt ______ (disappoint) at the result”，主语是人，填disappointed，而非disappointing。 3. 语境呼应类易错点 高频陷阱 （1）忽略逻辑关系：未关注句子间转折、因果、条件等逻辑，导致动词时态、词性转换与语境矛盾，如“he worked hard, but he ______ (fail) the exam”误填pass，忽略转折逻辑。 （2）代词指代偏差：代词（it/they/this/that）指代对象错误，或未根据指代内容判断单复数，如“the book is mine, and ______ (that) are his”误填that，忽略指代复数名词books。 （3）情感态度错位：形容词、副词的选择未匹配上下文情感，如“she gave me a ______ (smile) look”误填smiled，需用smiling表主动的“微笑的”，而非过去分词。 （4）前后语义矛盾：未呼应前文提及的人、事、物，导致变形后的词与前文冲突，如前文提到“two students”，后文“each ______ (have) a book”误填have，忽略each后接单数谓语。 规避方法 （1）梳理逻辑关系：识别连词（but, so, because, if等），判断句子间逻辑，确定动词时态（如条件句“if从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时”）、词性选择是否匹配逻辑。 （2）明确指代对象：找到代词对应的前文名词/短语，根据其单复数、属性判断代词形式（如指代单数可数名词用it/that，复数用they/those）。 （3）匹配情感语境：形容词、副词需贴合上下文语气，如表扬用positive（积极的）、赞美用wonderful（极好的），否定语境用negative（消极的）、失望用disappointing（令人失望的）。 （4）前后语义核对：变形后通读全文，确保空格处词汇与前文提及的数量、属性、动作一致，无矛盾冲突。 4. 固定搭配类易错点 高频陷阱 （1）介词搭配混淆：动词、名词、形容词后固定介词记忆错误，如“devote to ______ (do)”误填do，忽略“devote to+doing”；“be familiar ______”误填with，混淆“be familiar with（熟悉）”与“be familiar to（为……所熟悉）”。 （2）短语结构残缺：固定短语中动词变形错误，如“look forward to ______ (receive)”误填receive，忽略to为介词，需接动名词；“make a ______ (decide)”误填decide，需填名词decision。 （3）固定句型误用：混淆固定句型中的动词形式，如“it is no use ______ (complain)”误填complain，需用“it is no use doing”句型；“suggest ______ (do) sth.”误填to do，忽略suggest后接动名词。 （4）介词遗漏/多余：固定搭配中漏加或多加介词，如“prevent sb. ______ (do)”误填to do，正确为“prevent sb. from doing”（from可省略，后接动名词）；“insist ______ doing”误填on，却漏填动名词变形。 规避方法 （1）强化短语记忆：分类整理高频固定搭配（动词+介词、名词+介词、形容词+介词），重点记忆介词后的动词形式（介词+doing）、名词形式（动词变名词）。 （2）牢记句型结构：熟记高考核心句型（如it作形式主语/宾语、suggest/advise后接动名词/宾语从句、make/let后接省略to的不定式），明确句型中动词、名词的正确形式。 （3）核对搭配细节：变形后检查是否符合固定搭配要求，如介词是否正确、动词是否为动名词/不定式、名词是否为对应变形形式，避免遗漏或多余成分。 （4）对比易混搭配：区分近义固定搭配（如“take part in”与“join”，“in charge of”与“in the charge of”），结合例句强化记忆，避免混淆。 （1）动词时态与语态 ① 一般现在时：主语+动词原形/第三人称单数形式（主语为单数）；被动语态：is/are+done 例句：He usually ______ (go) to school by bike.（答案：goes）；The letter ______ (write) by my mother every week.（答案：is written） ② 一般过去时：主语+动词过去式；被动语态：was/were+done 例句：She ______ (finish) her homework yesterday.（答案：finished）；The bridge ______ (build) in 2000.（答案：was built） ③ 现在完成时：主语+have/has+done；被动语态：have/has been+done（标志词：for/since/so far/in the past few years） 例句：We ______ (live) here for 10 years.（答案：have lived）；The work ______ (complete) so far.（答案：has been completed） ④ 非谓语动词：目的状语→to do；伴随/结果→doing（主动）；被动/完成→done（被动） 例句：He came here ______ (see) his teacher.（答案：to see）；The girl ______ (stand) at the door is my sister.（答案：standing）；The broken glass ______ (throw) away by him.（答案：was thrown） （2）名词变形 ① 单数变复数：规则变化（加s/es）；不规则变化（child→children, foot→feet） 例句：There are two ______ (child) in the park.（答案：children）；I have three ______ (pen).（答案：pens） ② 动词变名词：加后缀-tion/-ment/-ness（explain→explanation, develop→development, happy→happiness） 例句：His ______ (explain) is clear.（答案：explanation）；We should pay attention to the ______ (develop) of our country.（答案：development） （3）形容词与副词 ① 形容词变副词：加ly（quick→quickly）；以y结尾变i加ly（easy→easily）；不规则变化（good→well, hard→hard） 例句：She runs ______ (quick).（答案：quickly）；He studies ______ (hard).（答案：hard） ② 比较级/最高级：规则变化（加er/est，多音节词前加more/most）；不规则变化（good→better→best, many→more→most） 例句：This book is ______ (interesting) than that one.（答案：more interesting）；She is the ______ (good) student in our class.（答案：best） （4）代词 ① 形容词性物主代词：修饰名词（my/your/his/her/its/our/their） 例句：This is ______ (I) book.（答案：my） ② 名词性物主代词：相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”（mine/yours/his/hers/its/ours/theirs） 例句：The book is ______ (I).（答案：mine） ③ 反身代词：主语与宾语一致时用（myself/yourself/himself/herself/itself/ourselves/yourselves/themselves） 例句：He taught ______ (he) English.（答案：himself） （5）固定搭配 ① 介词+doing：devote to doing, look forward to doing, be used to doing 例句：She is looking forward to ______ (visit) her grandparents.（答案：visiting） ② 使役动词+宾语+do：make/let/have sb. do sth.（被动语态还原to） 例句：The teacher made him ______ (stand) up.（答案：stand）；He was made ______ (stand) up by the teacher.（答案：to stand） ③ 建议类动词+doing/that从句：suggest doing, advise doing 例句：He suggested ______ (go) for a walk.（答案：going） 口诀：一看成分定词性，二判变形循规则，三核搭配与语境，四查细节无疏漏。 ① 一看成分定词性：通读句子，分析空格处句子成分（主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语），确定所需词性（动词、名词、形容词、副词、代词等），锁定有提示词的变形方向。 ② 二判变形循规则：根据确定的词性，遵循对应变形规则（动词看时态、语态、非谓语；名词看单复数；形容词/副词看比较级/最高级、副词变形；代词看指代属性），初步得出答案。 ③ 三核搭配与语境：核对答案是否符合固定搭配（介词、短语、句型），是否呼应上下文逻辑、语义、情感，确保无搭配错误、语境矛盾。 ④ 四查细节无疏漏：最后检查词形拼写（如后缀、不规则变形）、主谓一致、被动语态结构、非谓语形式是否正确，避免细节失误导致丢分。 补充速记技巧：高频变形词分类整理，贴于书桌反复记忆；每做完一篇语法填空，标注易错点，归入对应易错类别，强化薄弱环节；做题时圈画时间标志词、连词、固定搭配关键词，提醒自己规避陷阱。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $