寒假讲义第2讲：Unit2知识梳理&练习2025-2026学年沪教版(五四学制）英语七年级上册

2026年上海六年级英语寒假讲义第2讲：6BUnit2知识梳理&练习 学生版 【课前热身】 基础题 Read and complete the sentences with the suitable words. 根据句意补全单词。 1.When taking a bus, we should give our s to anyone in need. 2.Peter always coughs, so he decides not to s any longer. 3.There's plenty of time, so we don't need to r . 4.We can take the l to the twentieth floor of this building. 5.Both drivers and p must wear safety belts. 6.I will get off the bus at the next s . 7.What e did you tell the policeman? 8.Pick up the rubbish! The sign says, “Please do not l .” 提高题 Complete the passage with the words from the box. 用方框中的单词补全短文。 A. altogether B. important C. leave D. stay E. break F. unhappy G. untidy H. holiday My family has many rules that I have to follow. The main rule, I think, is that I have to try hard at school. My parents want me to do my homework and to tell them about anything (1) that happened at school. In this way, they can know my everyday performance (表现) and they can offer me some help if I have trouble. With this rule, I always try to (2) positive (积极的) at school. If I go out, I need to tell them where I am. If I am late for going somewhere, I need to tell them, too. They will be (3) if I don't. I can come home a little late, about 6 p. m., but only if I tell them. I have to go to bed by 10 p. m. on school nights. If it is a (4) ,I can stay up late at night. Besides,I only have two hours (5) to play on my tablet or computer at weekends. I know I should limit my screen time, but I hope my parents can give me one more hour. Another rule is that I have to clean my room. My parents get upset if I (6) things around the house. I should keep my room tidy, although I often (7) this rule. I think many children like myself like to have our rooms as“our places”. I try to keep it the way I like ——a little bit (8) . I can have posters on the wall. Generally,I'm pleased with my family rules because they keep me safe and self-disciplined (自律的). 【新题型】 Choose the correct sentences from the box to complete the conversation. 选出正确的句子补全对话。 A.What about a sign saying, “No walking dogs without a leash.”? B.What else have you noticed? C.So why not write a letter to the park manager? D.Some fierce dogs may bite people. E.Everyone must follow the rule to protect flowers and trees. F.They should pay attention to the“No littering.” sign and pick up the rubbish. Elle: Hey Jamie, have you noticed some people don't follow the rules in the park? Jamie: Yes. I see someone walking their dogs without a leash(拴绳).(1) It's not safe. Elle: I think so. And there should be a sign to tell people about it at the entrance of the park. (2) Jamie: That would be a good sign. Besides, some people litter as if there were no bins around. Elle: Ugh, that's the worst! (3) Jamie: I couldn't agree more. I think if everyone follows the rules, the park will be a nicer and safer place. (4) Elle: I' ve noticed that some people pick flowers, especially those who want to take photos. Jamie: Yes, I' ve noticed that too. (5) Elle: And I also think the park should recruit (征募) more volunteers (志愿者)to help enforce (强制执行) these rules. Jamie: You' re right. (6) Elle: OK! Let's do it. 【知识梳理】 Unit 2Rules around us 1.重点单词 序号 单词 音标 词性 释义 1. /ruːl/ n. 规则；规章 2. /ˌʌndəˈɡraʊnd/ n. 地铁；地下铁路系统 3. /liːn/ v. 倚靠；倾斜 4. /ˈlɪtə(r)/ v. 乱扔 5. /ɡæp/ n. 缺口；间隙 6. /els/ adv. 其他的；别的 7. /ˈeskəleɪtə(r)/ n. 自动扶梯 8. /ˈsteɪʃn/ n. 车站；(服务)台 9. /əˈnaʊnsmənt/ n. 公告；通告 10. /ˈpæsɪndʒə(r)/ n. 乘客；旅客 11. /lɪft/ n. 电梯；升降机 12. /ˈplætfɔːm/ n. 站台 13. /laɪn/ n. 线；线条 14. /rʌʃ/ v. 迅速移动；急促 15. /sməʊk/ v. 吸烟；抽烟 16. /siːt/ n. 座位 17. /ˈeniwʌn/ pron. 任何人 18. /liːv/ v. 留下；离开 19. /ˈrʌbɪʃ/ n. 垃圾；废弃物 20. /ɡlʌv/ n . 手 套 21. /ˈbrəʊkən/ adj. 破损的；伤残的 22. /kənˈteɪnə(r)/ n . 容 器 23. /ˈredi/ adj. 准备好；准备完毕 24. /ˈfɒləʊ/ v. 遵循；跟随 25. /steɪ/ v. 保持；继续是 26. /ɡrəʊ/ v. 逐渐变得；逐渐成为 27. /ɪmˈpɔːtnt/ adj. 重要的；有重大影响的 28. /teɪk tɜːnz/ 轮流；依次 29. /həˈrɑː/ excl. 万岁；好哇 30. /ˈmɒdl/ n . 模 型 31. /peɪ/ v. (与某些名词结合使用，表示将要做或将付出某事物) 32. /əˈtenʃn/ n.注意；关注 33. (对某人或某事)注意 34. /driːm/ n. 梦；梦想 35. /ˈaʊtɪŋ/ n. (集体)出外游玩(或学习);远足 36. /ɡeɪt/ n . 大 门 2.重点短语表达 1.等红灯 2.准时到达学校 3.大声说话 4.玩得愉快 5. 回来 6.起初 7.在地铁站 8.在电梯上 9.把位子让给某人 10.别的什么 11.怀有梦想 12.醒过来 13.把 …. …扔进 …… 14.对……感兴趣 15.指出 16.准备好做某事 17.大喊 18.遵守规则 19.保持安静 20.坚持锻炼 21.集中注意力于某事 22.看起来不开心 23.轮到某人做某事 24.注意他 25.打篮球的时候 26.保持不断前行 27.地铁站 29.公共场所 29.乘客通告 30.留下垃圾 31.摘花 32.在月台上 33.不得倚靠 34.一名交换生 35.戴安全手套 36.穿露脚趾的鞋 37.做一些实验 38.学校规章 39.一个安全的游泳区域 40.地铁走这边 41.礼貌地排队等待 42.注意脚下间隙 43.告诉他不要在教室里玩游戏 44.一些实验室的标志和规章条例 45.一些公共场所的通告 46.帮助我们举止得当以及保证安全 47.保持教室干净和整洁 48.在地铁上给其他人让座 49.一个没有任何规则的更美好的地方 50.未经允许拿走别人的东西 3.课文翻译 1.校规帮助我们表现良好,保持安全和快乐。 2.干净的房间让我们每天都很开心。 3.米莉(Millie)对科学感兴趣，她想读更多关于科学的有趣书籍. 4.你还能在哪里找到“No leaning. ”的标志? 5.请在黄线处等待并注意间隙。 6.我们不能在实验室里吃喝。 7.你准备好去实验室做一些实验了吗? 8.照顾好树木，使它们长得又大又壮。 9.起初,鲍勃(Bob)认为没有规则的学校生活会很有趣。 10.这里禁止右转。 11.今天发生什么事了? 12.这个标志是什么意思? 13.轮到Bob来展示他的飞机模型了。 14.我们应该在实验室遵守什么规则? 15.怀特老师和她的学生们正在讨论课堂规章。 4.词性转换 ___________ n.公告；通告 ___________ v.宣告；宣布 ___________v.坐；坐落在 ___________ n.座位 ___________ adj.破损的；伤残的 ___________ v.打破；休息 ___________v.遵循；跟随 ___________ adj.下述的；接着的 ___________n.容器 ___________v.包含；容纳 ___________ adj.重要的；有重大影响的 ___________n.重要性 ___________ n. (集体)出外游玩(或学习);远足 ___________ adv.在外；adj.界外的，出局的 ___________ n.出席，关心，注意 ___________adj.专注的 ___________ adv.专注地 ___________ v.意义，意思是 ___________n.意思 5.词转练习 基础题 Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms(用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子) 1.His table tennis bat is____________.Luckily,he still won first place.(break) 2. The children wear warm clothes,scarves and____________in winter.(glove) 3. Our teachers always give us good advice. We should____________what they say. (following) 4.The Internet has become an____________part of our daily life.(importance) 5.You can't expect to learn a foreign language in such a short time____________any hard work.(with) 6.Lily is____________in Chinese history and enjoys reading historical novels. (interest) 7. All the students enjoyed themselves when they had a spring____________day.(out) 提高题 1.The two workers are planting some flowers in a____________.(contain) 2.They____________that their new product had many advantages.(announcement) 6.知识梳理 1. __________________ 身边的规则 _________ n. 规则；规章 We must foll the rules of the classroom.我们必须遵守课堂规则。 2. __________________.地铁这边走。 _________ /'ʌndəgraund/ n.地铁；地下铁路系统 I go to work by underground every day.=I take the underground to work every day.我每天乘地铁去上班。 表示地铁这种交通工具时，通常使用the underground,不能用an underground。 如： I usually take a nap when I travel on the underground.我坐地铁的时候通 常会小睡一觉。 虽然这里on the underground并不特指某一班地铁，但不能使用on an underground。 _________这边走；这边请 Please foll me this way to the classroom.请跟我走这边去教室。 Right this way—your table is ready.请这边走，你的桌子已经准备好了。 3. __________________此处左转 _________左转；向左转 Walk straight ahead and turn left at the bookstore.直走，然后到书店向左转。 turn right 右转；向右转 4. _________请勿倚靠。 _________ v. (leaned/leant/lent/,leaned/leant)倚靠；倾斜 She leaned against the wall,feeling tired.她靠在墙上，感觉很累。 “No+动词-ing 形式”是一个常见的英语表达，用来表示禁止或不允许某种行为。这种结构通常用于标志、通知或规则中，以明确指出某种行为是 不被允许的。 如： No smoking.(=You mustn't smoke here.)禁止吸烟。No后面还可以直接跟名词，用来表示禁止。 如： No photography/cameras.禁止拍照。 使用no表示禁止时，话语通常比较简短，起到警示、警戒作用。 5. __________________ .请勿乱扔垃圾。 _________ v.乱 扔 n. 垃圾；废弃物 Don't litter in the playground;it's bad for the environment.不要在操场上乱扔垃圾，这对环境不好。(作动词) Please pick up the litter in the park and keep it clean.请捡起公园里的垃圾，保持清洁。(作名词) _________n.垃圾 _________ n.废物 _________ n.垃圾 6.__________________.注意缝隙。 _________ n.缺口；间隙 Leave a gap between your car and the next.在你的车与旁边的车之间留条道。 7. _____________________________________________? 你还能在哪儿找到“请勿倚靠”这个标志? _________adv.其他的；别的 else主要有以下几种常见用法。 (1)与something,anybody,no one等不定代词连用。 如：There is no one else in the room.房间里没有其他人。 (2)置于疑问词后。 如： What else can I do to help you? 我还能做些什么来帮助你? too,also,either与else的区别 (1)too 通常用于肯定句的末尾，表示“也”的意思，用来添加附加信息或同意前面提到的情况。 如： I like ice cream too. 我也喜欢冰淇淋。 (2)also 用于肯定句中，用来添加附加信息或强调某事。 如：I also like ice cream.我也喜欢冰淇淋。 (3)either用于否定句的句末，表示“也”的意思，用于加强否定或(对两事物)进行选择。 如： I don't like apples,and I don't like bananas,either.我不喜欢苹果，也不喜欢香蕉。 I'm going to buy either a dress or a T-shirt.我打算买一条裙子或者一件T恤衫。 (4)else用于疑问句或否定句中，表示“其他的”或“另外的”的意思，用来 询问或指明除了已知选项之外的其他选项。 如：What else do you want?你还要其他什么吗? 8. ______________________________________________________________.我能在地铁站的自动扶梯上找到它。 _________ n.自动扶梯 We can use the escalator to go to the second floor.我们可以使用自动扶梯 去二楼。 __________________在自动扶梯上 Hold the handrail when you're on the escalator.在自动扶梯上时请握住扶手。 _________n.车站；(服务)台 We will arrive at the train station soon.我们很快将到达火车站。 station主要指一个固定的地点或设施，用于某种特定的目的或服务。 如：railway/train station (火车站) ,gas station (加油站) ,police station (警察局) ,space station (宇宙空间站) ,radio station (广播电台), TV station(电视台) ,fire station (消防局)等。 __________________地铁站 Let's wait on the platform for the train to arrive at the underground station. 让我们在站台上等待列车到达地铁站。 9. ___________________________乘客通告 __________________ n.公告；通告 The company will make an important announcement at the meeting.公司将在会议上发布一条重要通告。 We have an announcement about the coming sporting event.关于即将举行的这项体育赛事，我们有一则通知。 __________________ v.宣布，宣告(决定、计划等)__________________ n. 广播员；播音员 _________ n.乘客；旅客 Please fasten your seat belts,passengers, as we are about to take off.各位乘客，请系好安全带，我们即将起飞。 announcement for passengers意为“乘客通告”,是在公共交通工具或站点，如火车、地铁、公交车或机场，用来向乘客传达信息的正式声明。 如： Ladies and gentlemen,this is an announcement for passengers.The train is about to arrive at the next station.Please prepare to disembark.女士们、先生们，这是乘客通告。列车即将到达下一站，请准备下车。 10. _____________________________________________.携带大件行李的乘客请使用电梯。 _________ n.电梯；升降机 We need to take the lift to the fifth floor.=We need to go to the fifth floor by lift.我们需要乘电梯到五楼。 在美式英语中，“电梯”多使用elevator表示。 11. __________________在站台上 _________ n.站 台 The train is arriving soon.Please wait for the train on platform 3.火车即将到达。请在3号站台等候火车。 __________________在站台上；在月台上 We arranged to meet on the platform before boarding the train.我们约定在站台上见面，然后一起上车。 12._____________________________________________.请在黄线处等候，注意(脚下)缝隙。 _________ n. 线；线条 Please foll the yell line on the floor to the exit.请沿着地板上的黄线走向出口。 line还可以表示“队伍；线路”等引申义。 如： There's a long line at the ticket office.售票处排了一条长队。 The new railway line connects the city to the coastal areas.新铁路线将城 市与沿海地区连接起来。 __________________ 在黄线处 at在这里表示“在(某处)”,强调不超过、不越过的意思。又如： Please wait at the yell line until the train comes to a complete stop.请在 黄线处等待，直到火车完全停稳。 13. _____________________________________________.地铁列车进站时请勿奔跑。 _________ v.迅速移动；急促 People rush to the store on Black Friday to get good deals.人们在黑色星 期五冲到商店买便宜货。 She rushed her words and was hard to understand.她急促地说着话，让人很难理解。 14. _____________________________________________列车上请勿饮食、抽烟和乱扔垃圾。 _________ v.吸烟；抽烟 Please don't smoke in this area.请不要在这个区域吸烟。 _________n.烟雾 The smoke from the fire filled the sky.大火的烟雾弥漫了整个天空。 or是一个连词，用来连接选项或可能性。但在否定句中，or 通常意味着“和”,而不是提供选择。 如： I don't want tea or coffee.我不想喝茶和咖啡。 (这里意味着两样都不想要，即：既不想喝茶也不想喝咖啡。) _________在列车上；在车厢内 在一些大型的交通工具中，通常用介词on 表示在该交通工具内部的意思，如：on the plane(在飞机上),on the bus(在公交车上) ,on the underground(在地铁上)。而在一些小型的交通工具中，则通常使用in, 如 in the car(在轿车上 ),in the taxi(在出租车上)。 15. _____________________________________________.请把座位让给有需要的乘客。 _________ n. 座位 Please fasten your seat belt before I start the car.在我启动轿车之前请系好安全带。 __________________ 坐下；请坐下 Please take a seat while I prepare your coffee.请先坐下，我准备一下你的咖啡。 ___________________________给某人让座 The young man gave his seat to an elderly lady on the bus.这位年轻人在公交车上给一位老妇人让了座。 _________pron. (=anybody )任何人 anyone多用于否定句和疑问句中，代替someone。 如： I couldn't find anyone/anybody for help here.在这儿，一个能帮到我的人都找不到。 Can anyone/anybody help me with this problem?有谁能帮我解决这个问题吗? 当anyone 用于肯定句中时，表示“任何人”。 如： Take it easy.Anyone/Anybody could make a mistake.放轻松。任何人都可能犯错。 in need意为“有需要的”,常用于描述处于困难需要帮助的状态。 如： We should always be ready to help those in need.我们应该随时准备帮助那些需要帮助的人。 16.__________________________________________________________________________________________.来自天鹅湖中学的交换生保罗正在和陆遥一起看社团活动室的展板。 __________________ 交换生 exchange student 是指参加交换生项目的学生，这种项目允许学生到另一个国家或地区学习一段时间，同时接待来自对方国家的学生。 __________________展示板 17. __________________注意事项；行为准则 Dos and don'ts作为一个标题，通常用来概括一个列表或一系列的指导原则，这些原则告诉人们在特定情境下应该做什么和不应该做什么。这个标题可以用于多种不同的文档、文章、指示牌或公告等。 如： Healthy living:dos and don'ts 健康生活：行为准则 Road safety:dos and don'ts 道路安全：行为准则 18.___________________________.不要把垃圾扔在地上。 never后接动词原形是一种常见的祈使句，用于表示“明令禁止”,其含义比“Don't+动词原形”这类的祈使句更有警告的意味。 又如：Never tell anyone your password.不要把你的密码告诉任何人。 _________ v.(left ,left)留下；离开 She left her keys on the table.她把钥匙留在了桌子上。 Please leave the room quietly.请安静地离开房间。 leave 作动词还有如下的常见用法 (1)表示“忘带；丢下”。 如： She left her bag on the taxi yesterday.她昨天把包丢在出租车上了。 (2)表示“使保留；让……处于(某种状态、某地等)”。 如： Leave the door open,please.请把门开着吧。 _________ n.垃圾；废弃物 Please take the rubbish out to the bin.请把垃圾拿出去扔进垃圾桶。 litter n.垃圾；废弃物 trash n.废物；垃圾 on the floor在地面上；在地板上 19. _____________________________________________.在实验室做实验时，始终要戴好安全手套。 always用于句首，通常强调习惯或一贯行为。 如： Always lock the door when you leave the house.离开家时总是要锁门。 _________ n. (分手指的)手套 She put on her gloves before going out in the cold.在外出之前,她戴上了手套以抵御寒冷。 __________________一副手套 when working in the lab相当于when you work in the lab,意为“当你在实 验室做实验时”。 “when后跟动词 -ing 形式”的结构通常用来表达一个同时发生的动作或状态，或用来强调一个动作发生时另一个动作正在进行。 如： When crossing the street,always look both ways.过马路时，始终要往两边看看。 需要注意的是，“when 加动词-ing形式”的结构中，逻辑主语必须和主句的主语保持一致。如例句中，crossing the street 的逻辑主语是you。 20. _____________________________________________ .始终将碎玻璃扔进碎玻璃回收容器内。 __________________把 … … 扔进/投入 … … 中 Let's thr the pebbles into the sea.我们把这些鹅卵石扔回海里吧。 _________adj.破损的；伤残的 Don't touch the broken glass.不要碰那些碎玻璃。 break v.(broke ,broken)(使)破，裂，碎；弄坏；损坏；坏掉 _________ n.容 器 Do not fill the container more than two-thirds full.加入的量不要超过容器总容量的三分之二。 _________ v.包含；含有；容纳 21.______________________________________________________? 你今天准备好去实验室做实验了吗? _________adj.准备好；准备完毕 —Shall we go?我们可以走了吗? —I'm ready when you are!我准备好了，就等你了! I'm just getting the kids ready for school.我正在让孩子们准备好去上学。 ___________________________准备好做某事；乐意做某事 Right,we'r e ready to go.对，我们准备好了，可以走了。 She's always ready to help others.她总是乐于助人。 22. _____________________________________________.在我们开始之前，先看看规则，以确保安全。 _________开始 Are you ready for the game?Now,let's get started!你们准备好做游戏了吗?那我们现在开始吧! It's time to get started on our science project.是时候开始我们的科学项目了。 _________ 保持安全 Wearing a helmet while biking can help you keep safe.骑自行车时戴头盔可以确保你安全。 keep可以作系动词，后接形容词作表语构成系表结构，表示“保持某种状态”之意。 23.____________________________________? 在实验室里我们必须遵守哪些规则? _________ v.遵循；跟随 Why didn't you foll my advice?你为什么不听我的劝告? (意为“遵循；听从”) Foll me,please.I'll show you the way.请跟我走。我来给您带路。(意为“跟随；跟着”) __________________ 遵守规则 24. __________________?还有什么(我们必须做或不能做的吗)? 这句句子从上下文来看是“Anything else I need to pay attention to?”(还有什么我需要注意的吗?)的缩略形式。“Anything else?”的含义要在上下文中理解。又如： —I want some cabbages,some beef and some eggs from the supermarket. 我要你从超市买些卷心菜、牛肉和鸡蛋。 — Anything else?还要什么?(相当于“Anything else you want?”) 25. ____________________________________.在阅览室里你必须保持安静。 _________ 保持安静 in the reading room 在阅览室 26. ______________________________________________________.坚持锻炼，你就能保持健康。 ___________________________继续(做某事);重复(做某事) Keep smiling!要保持微笑! _________v.保持；继续是 stay 除了表示“待；逗留”的含义外，其后还常接形容词构成系表结构，表示“保持……”之意。关于stay作系动词的用法详见“学习指引”。 __________________保持健康 27. ______________________________________________________.照顾好这些树，使它们长得又大又壮。 __________________照顾；照看 take care of与look after意思相近，都有“照顾；照看”之意。 如：He took care of/looked after his flowers all the time.他一直在照顾他的花 _________ v.(grew ,grown )逐渐变得；逐渐成为 grow除了表示“成长；长大；种植”的含义外，其后还常接形容词构成系表结构，表示“逐渐变得……”之意。 28. ___________________________.规则非常重要。 _________ adj.重要的；有重大影响的 I have an important announcement to make.我要宣布一件重要的事情。 Your suggestion is very important to me.你的建议对我而言十分重要。 __________________ adj.不重要的；次要的；无足轻重的 _________n.重要性；重要；重大 29.___________________________.大家要轮流做事。 _________ 在这里作名词，意为“(依次轮到的)机会”。 又如： When it's your turn, take another card.轮到你时，再抓一张牌。 __________________ 轮流；依次 take turns后可以接带to的动词不定式表示“轮流做某事”之意。 也可以接“(in+) 动词-ing形式”表示相同的含义。 如：We take turns to do the housework.我们轮流做家务。 Mum and Dad take turns(in)looking after his little brother.父母轮流照顾他的小弟弟。 30. "Hurrah !"Bob shouts happily.“万岁!”鲍勃欢呼了起来 hurrah excl.万岁；好哇 Hurrah! She's here at last!好呀!她终于来了! hurrah 亦作hoora或hurray。 31. ____________________________________. (今天)轮到鲍勃展示他的飞机模型。 ___________________________ 轮到……做某事 It's your turn to set the table.轮到你摆放餐具了。 _________n.模型 Terry enjoys making models. 泰瑞喜欢做模型。 model还可以表示“模范；模特儿”的含义。 如： Yiming is a model student at school.一鸣是学校的模范生。 Would you like to be a fashion model in the future?你将来想做时装模特儿吗? model plane 飞机模型 model ship船模 model car汽车模型；车模 32._____________________________________________. 他开始发言了，但没人注意听。 __________________开始做某事；着手做某事 begin to do something与begin doing sth的意思基本一致，可以替换使用。 如： Soon she began to cry.=Soon she began crying.很快她哭了起来。 _________v. (paid ,paid)(与某些名词结合使用，表示将要做或将付出某事物) I'll pay a call on my friends.我将去看朋友。(pay a call on相当于visit) pay的常见含义还有“付费；付酬”。 如： She pays $200 a week for this flat.这套公寓她每周要付200英镑的租金。 _________ n. 注意；关注 He turned his attention back to the road again.他把注意力转回到道路上。 An article in the newspaper caught my attention.报上一篇文章引起了我的注意。 __________________(对某人或某事)注意 I didn't pay attention to what she was saying.我没有注意她在说什么。 Don't pay any attention to what they say.别在意他们所说的话。 33. ____________________________________我要告诉你们一件事。 ___________________________尽力做某事 try to do something与try doing sth的区别： 前者表示“尽力做某事；设法做某事”,后者表示“尝试做某事；试着做某事”。 试比较： I'm trying to learn French this year.我今年正努力学法语。 Why not try speaking French with a native speaker to improve your skills? 为什么不尝试和法语为母语的人讲法语来提高你的技能呢? 34. Emma says,"No.No rules today!"艾玛说：“不。今天没有任何规则!” no rules相当于 not any rules,表示“没有规则”。 no可以置于名词前，表示“无；没有”之意。其后可以跟可数名词单数或复数(两者表达的含义基本一致)与不可数名词。 如： No student is to leave the room.学生一律不许离开这间房间。 (no=not a) There were no letters this morning.今天早上一封信也没有。 (no=not any) There's no bread left一片面包都没有了。(no=not any) 35. ______________________________________________________.午餐时，有人在没有征得鲍勃同意的情况下拿走了他的一些食物。 __________________午餐时；在吃午餐的时候 lunchtime是一个合成词，即lunch(午餐)+time(时间)=lunchtime(午餐时间)。类似的还有：breakfast time(早餐时间),dinnertime(正餐时间)。 36. "It's my food,"Bob cries out,"What's happening today?No one listens to me,no one lets me play ...Can we have our rules back now?”“这是我的食物，”鲍勃大声说，“今天都发生了些什么?没人听我的，没人让我玩……我们现在可以恢复规则吗?” _________(因受惊、不快、痛苦等)大声叫喊 He was crying out in pain when the ambulance arrived.救护车到的时候，他在痛苦地大叫着。 __________________意为“发生了什么;出了什么事；怎么啦”。 What's happening over there?那里发生了什么事情? __________________ 要回；使恢复 Sally,may I have my pen bac k? 萨利，我能拿回我的钢笔了吗? 37. __________________? 你在做梦吗? _________ n.梦；梦想 I thought someone came into the bedroom,but it was just a dream.我还以为有人进了卧室，结果只是一场梦。 Her lifelong dream was to be a famous writer.她的毕生心愿就是成为一名作家。 _________ v.(dreamt ,dreamt或 dreamed,dreamed) 做梦；梦见；想象；梦想 have a dream做梦 I had a strange dream about a fierce wolf.我做了一个非常奇怪的梦，梦见了一头凶猛的狼。 38. ____________________________________.我们学校将于3月22日组织春游活动。 _________ n.(集体)出外游玩(或学习);远足 The Smiths usually have a family outing in autumn.史密斯一家通常在秋天全家出门远足。 _________ 春游 Where shall we go on a spring outing?我们到哪里去春游? autumn outing 秋游 39. ____________________________________.我们将前往科技馆。 the Science and Technology Museum科技馆；科学技术博物馆 40. ____________________________________________________我们将于上午9点在校门口集合，下午3点返回。 _________n.大门 He pushed open the garden gate.他推开了花园的门。 __________________在校门口 at 在这里是“在(某处)”之意。 又如： I'll wait for you at the bus stop.我会在公交车站等你。 练一练 1.The principal will_____________the winner of the competition shortly. (announce) 2.Where can you find the sign“No________.”?(run) 3. Don't take other people's stuff without________.(ask) 4.Parents should watch children at all________when they see the yellow flag.(time) 5.The autumn________is coming! Hurrah!(out) 6.I was searching for a pair of grey________to go with my new gown.(glove) 7.Always throw________glass into the container.(break) 8. Zero was a very________invention because it made it easier to write big numbers and to calculate.(importance) 1.There was an important_____________ made during the assembly.(announce) 2. Listen to the________carefully.(announce) Read and complete the sentences with the suitable words(根据句意补全单词) 1.We must all obey the traffic r____________when driving here. 2.A Boeing 737 airplane with 132 p____________on board crashed in the mountains of Guangxi Province on March 2lst. 3.Excuse me,sir.You are not allowed to s____________here. Look at the sign. 4. We should always remember to turn off the light before l____________the room. 5.-Whose scarf and g____________are these? Are they Tom's?-They can't be his. Tom never wears them. 6.Kitty is helpful.She is r____________to help others at all times. 7. In my class,we all work in groups and take t____________to do different chores. 8.I have a m____________plane, but I don't have a toy car. 2025年上海市华育中学六年级下学期第一次月考英语试卷 2025.3.5 Part One Listening25% Part Two Vocabulary and Grammar Ⅰ. Choose the best answer（选择最恰当的答案20%） 1. Which of the following underlined part is different in pronunciation from the others? A. come B. country C. possible D. worry 2. He plays ________ volleyball after school every day, and on Sundays he usually plays ________ guitar at home. A. the; the B. /; / C. the; / D. /; the 3. ________ the students took part in the competition. A. Seven hundreds B. Seven hundred of C. Seven hundred D. Hundreds of 4.The middle-aged lady is one of the ________ in this famous restaurant. A.woman cooks B. women cooks C. woman cookers D. women cookers 5. I________ an invitation to the party, but I didn’t ________ it because I was busy. A. received; accept B. received; receive C. accepted; accept D. accepted; receive 6. Record your voice while reading English, ______ you will find your weak parts and practise them. A. but B. or C. so D. and 7. My classmates looked ________ at their scores after the teacher gave out their Math tests. A. sad B. worried C. lovely D. sadly 8. The deputies of the National People’s Congress asked the government to ________ more money for education. A. pay B. cost C. spend D. purchase 9. —Don’t be late for school next time, Sam. —OK, I ________. A. don’t B. do C. won’t D. will 10. Students are busy ________ the exam while teachers are ________ the test papers. A. preparing with；preparing for B. preparing for；preparing C. preparing；preparing D. preparing for；preparing with 11. I wondered ________. A. when will the plane take off B. how long it took to travel there C. how soon the meeting will begin D. how would people get there 12. It isn’t very far from here. It’s only about ________. A. forty-five-minute walk B. twenty-nine minute’s walk C. fourty-five minutes’ walk D. nineteen minutes’ walk 13. There ________ two birthday party next Sunday. A. will have B. is to have C. are going to be D. are going to have 14. —Look, it ________ be Tom.—No, it ________ be him. He has gone abroad. A. may; mustn’t B. must; mustn’t C. must; can’t D. may; may not 15. Pudong New District is ________ of Shanghai. A. in the east B. to the west C. on the east D. at the east 16. I saw the girl ________ the floor when I passed the classroom. A. clean B. cleans C. to clean D. cleaning 17. A number of visitors ________ waiting outside and the number of them ________ 600. A. is; are B. are; is C. is; is D. are; are 18. We will have the final exam ________ the morning of January 15th. A. in B. on C. to D. from 19. I don’t feel very well. Mum asked me ________ this morning. A. what the matter is B. what is wrong C. what was the matter D. what wrong was 20. —Are you going to Tom’s birthday party?—________. I might have to work. A. It depends B. Thank you C. Sound great D. Don’t mention it Ⅱ. Fill in the blanks with the words in proper forms.（用单词适当形式填空6%） 21. She was ________ as a writer than as a singer. (fame) 22. The news made him ________. (excite) 23. How ________ they are talking! We can’t hear the teacher. (noise) 24. Cambridge is always full of ________ in the summer. (tour) 25. The lunch was excellent, ________ the first course. (special) 26. Their ________ would be expressed through their own clothes at school. (person) Ⅲ. Fill in the blanks with the verbs in their proper forms. （动词填空6%） 27. The police ________ several thieves in the past two weeks.(catch) 28. A first rule in solving any mystery is ________ the facts. (check) 29.She returned and ________ (lay) her coat on the chair noticing that her bag still ________ (lie) where it was. 30. Now more efforts ________ to protect and restore this precious mountain area. (make) 31. This new order will mean ________ overtime. (work) Ⅴ. Rewrite the sentences as required.（按要求改写句子，一格一词10%） 32. You have to wear a helmet when you ride a motorcycle. (改为否定句) You ________ ________ to wear a helmet when you ride a motorcycle 33. Jill didn’t play the violin as well as Peter.（同义句转换） Jill ________ the violin ________ than Peter. 34. Nobody has to leave the party, ________ ________? (反意疑问句) 35. It took her 5 minutes to finish doing morning exercises. (同义转换) She ________ 5 minutes ________ doing morning exercises. 36. This box is twice as heavy as that one. (同义转换) This box is twice ________ ________ ________ that one. Ⅵ. Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each word or phrase can only be used once.（将下列单词或词组填入空格，每词限填一次）4% A. throws away B. during C. picks up D. hopes E. special Everybody dreams. Some people think dreams can tell us about the future. Others think dreams tell us about ourselves. It’s like our brain is talking to us. Why are dreams often strange and hard to understand? Some people think our brain uses symbols (符号) to talk to us. When we fly, swim, or fall down in our dreams, it has a ____37____ meaning. Lots of doctors help people understand their dreams. They find the dreams tell us about our ____38____ and something we are afraid of. These days, many scientists believe that dreams are very important. We have many activities and our brain receives a lot of information ____39____ the day. When we dream, our brain ____40____ the information that is not important and puts the most important information into our memories. As we learn more about the brain, we may find the answers to our questions about dreams. Ⅵ. 翻译 4’ 41. 寓言是一则教授道理的短故事。 A fable is ______________________________________. 42. 是什么让她和别人不同？ ______________________________________. 43. 他是古今最伟大的作曲家之一。 He was ______________________________________. 44. 谈论我的同学们的优点。 Talk about ______________________________________. Part Three Reading Ⅰ. Choose the best answer:（5%） First time dog owners may meet many problems and get to know how to train their pets. Sometimes a puppy, or even an older dog, will chew their fingers or bite them. Even in play, this can really hurt. Unfortunately, many pet owners tolerate this in a young dog. However, when the dog gets larger, it is not fun to be bitten by it. Training a dog never to place his teeth on human skin or clothing is an important lesson. From now on, if you feel your dog’s teeth while you are playing with him, say “Ouch” in a loud voice and move away from him. He will soon learn that when he bites, you will not play with him any more. Many people have another bad habit. They tend to allow their pets to bite and hold on to clothing. Don’t let your dog do this to you. When he does something you want him to do, praise him and tell him he’s a good dog. You can also give him a treated at the same time he performs the good behavior. Eventually he will learn which kind of behavior is acceptable and which is not. Remember that reward is more effective than punishment. If you reward your dog when he does what you want him to, he will become very well-behaved. Also remember that puppies need to chew on something. So give him a tied stocking or an old shoe. If he chews the wrong thing, take it away while saying “No” and give him something he can chew. If dogs are trained well, they will truly be your friends for a lifetime. 45. It is important for pet owners to train dogs ________. A. not to place their teeth on human skin B. not to chew an old shoe. C. to know how to play with another dog D. to put their teeth on clothing 46. According to the passage, many people may tend to ________. A. never play with their dogs B. be too rough to their dogs C. never give their dogs treats D. allow their dogs to behave badly 47. The author thinks that a better way to train a dog is to ________. A. punish him for any mistake he has made B. praise him for his good behavior C. let him do anything he likes D. never give him anything to chew 48. The underlined word “reward” in second paragraph means “________” A. return B. reply C. award D. advice 49. Which is the best title of the passage? A. Some tips for puppies B. How to train a dog C. To be a good owner D. Dogs are our friends Ⅱ. Choose the best words and complete the passage:（8%） Be What’s Missing Where was that cashier? Impatient, I quickly looked at my watch. I hardly had enough time to eat a sandwich and rush back to work. I looked around the nearly empty ___50___ , but the cashier was nowhere in sight. A woman stood wiping (擦) the far end of the counter. She looked at me coldly with sad, dark eyes. I ___51___ , getting angry. I’d been standing there for at least three minutes! Controlling my anger, I remembered Mom’s words. “Whenever you find yourself in an unpleasant situation, just think about what is missing. If someone is unkind, then kindness is missing. If someone is hateful, then ___52___ is missing. If we will be what’s missing, then we’ll provide whatever the situation needs.” And here I was in an unpleasant situation. How should I “be what’s missing”? What was missing was ___53___ . Maybe I should just jump behind the counter and take my own order. Just then the woman walked slowly towards me. “May I help you?” she asked, still ___54___ . She looked so tired. No doubt, she was overworked. I took a deep breath. With Mom’s words ringing in my head, I gave the woman my order…and smiled. “How are you today?” My question seemed to ___55___ her. She eyed me for a second before answering. “Not too good.” “I’m sorry.” I said. “I hope it gets better starting right now.” She almost smiled as she looked at me. “Thanks. I hope you’re right.” I thought to myself as I ate my sandwich. We’re all the same, really. We have problems and angers, we get tired and we hurt. We need to be ___56___ to each other. After eating, I wiped the table cleaner than usual, and put the tray (托盘) back nicely on the stand. The woman was watching me, a big smile on her face. “Be what’s missing.” It ___57___. 50. A. restaurant B. street C. school D. office 51. A. agreed B. finished C. waited D. left 52. A. trust B. love C. patience D. confidence 53. A. hope B. advice C. money D. service 54. A. nervously B. carefully C. coldly D. kindly 55. A. disappoint B. hurt C. trouble D. surprise 56. A. nicer B. cooler C. closer D. fairer 57. A. said B. worked C. read D. ended Ⅲ. Fill in the blanks:7% The warm weather outside may look perfect for outdoor exercise. But for those who are not that sporty, what could be nicer than having a r____58____ afternoon tea with a few good friends and break from studying? The concept of “afternoon tea” first a____59____ in the UK in the mid-19th century. It was introduced in England by Anna Maria Russell, the seventh Duchess of Bedford. The evening meal in her household was normally served fashionably late in 8 pm, but she felt hungry at 4 pm every day, so she started asking for a tea tray with butter, bread and cakes at that time. Several days later, she found her new habit d____60____ to break and soon invited her friends to join her. This pause for tea quickly became a fashionable social event. During the 1880s, upper class and society women would change into long dress, gloves and hats for their afternoon tea. Traditional afternoon tea, typically served between 4 pm and 6 pm, is technically a small meal, not a drink. It c____61____ of a selection of sandwiches, freshly baked scones served with cream and fruit jam, pastries and cakes. Of course, tea or coffee, served with milk and sugar, is also provided. By definition, afternoon tea is a dainty meal. So, when you drink you tea, take small sips rather than “glugging” it down. There’s a definite order to taking tea, but the actual drinking of tea can take p____62____ throughout the “meal”. Similarly, the food served should be enjoyed in a certain order as well. Sandwiches are e____63____ first, followed by scones, then the sweet snacks such as cakes and pastries. It is also a social activity. As you can see the scene in the TV play—“Downtown Abbey”, ladies wear pretty clothing, men are dressed neatly and the waiters are well trained and polite. Nowadays, you can enjoy a traditional yet fancy afternoon tea with pot-brewed tea and delicate snacks in many r____64____ and hotels. It is also enjoyed to celebrate a special event such as a birthday, a pre-wedding or baby shower party with a group of friends. So far, afternoon tea activities have become far beyond friends gathering together and eating. It has been a part of the traditional culture as well as a fashion for Britain. Ⅳ. Answer the questions.5% When was the last time you left home without your mobile phone? Can you imagine yourself living a month, or even a year without checking your mobile phone from time to time? As a busy modern person with lots of social connections, plans and responsibilities, I just cannot afford to not be in touch with the rest of the world. Staying connected to other people is a big part of my life. However, sometimes it can be bothersome. One day I discovered I was terribly tired out. I tried turning notifications off. But the fear of missing out something important made me check the phone more often than before. So, I simply stopped using my phone. Well, to tell the truth, it was not simple at all. For the first couple of days, I had a big fear that all of my friends would soon forget about me. When I had a free moment, I had no idea what to get myself distracted with, and the worries mixed with boredom kept bothering me. However, after three weeks without a mobile phone, I started noticing changes—changes which I liked, and which drove me to not just continue the experiment, but in fact to reorganize some of my habits. First of all, I noticed that I became much more focused. Before, while doing something, I would often find myself wondering what was going on online. After a month of staying away from my mobile phone, I found that the urge was already not that strong and that my ability to focus improved. I discovered that the world is a beautiful place. Before, I would look at it through my camera mostly: take a photo, post it, get some likes. Now, I saw beautiful people walking around and I sensed the seasons change. I could understand the actual beauty of the world, and I did not need anyone else to prove the value of this beauty through likes or shares. Now, as 100 days have passed, I can say that the experiment was worth it. I am planning to stay away from my phone for as long as possible. 65. What made the writer check the phone more often than before? _________________________________ 66. When did the writer start noticing his changes? _________________________________ 67. What does the writer plan to do with his phone after the experiment? _________________________________ 68. Would you like to follow the writer’s example? Why or why not? 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026年上海六年级英语寒假讲义第2讲：6BUnit2知识梳理&练习 解析版 【课前热身】 基础题 Read and complete the sentences with the suitable words. 根据句意补全单词。 1.When taking a bus, we should give our s to anyone in need. 2.Peter always coughs, so he decides not to s any longer. 3.There's plenty of time, so we don't need to r . 4.We can take the l to the twentieth floor of this building. 5.Both drivers and p must wear safety belts. 6.I will get off the bus at the next s . 7.What e did you tell the policeman? 8.Pick up the rubbish! The sign says, “Please do not l .” 【答案&解析】 1. seats（根据“give...to anyone in need”和“taking a bus”可知是“座位”，seat用复数形式 seats） 2. smoke（根据“always coughs”可知是决定不再“吸烟”，decide not to do sth.，smoke 用原形） 3. rush（根据“plenty of time”可知不需要“匆忙”，don't need to do sth.，rush 用原形） 4. lift（根据“to the twentieth floor of this building”可知是乘“电梯”，lift 用原形） 5. passengers（根据“Both drivers and...”和“wear safety belts”可知是“乘客”，passenger 用复数形式 passengers） 6. stop（根据“get off the bus”可知是在下一个“站点”，stop 用原形） 7. else（根据语境可知是问还告诉警察什么了，what else 表示“还有什么”） 8. litter（根据“Pick up the rubbish”可知标志上说不要“乱扔垃圾”，do not 后接动词原形，litter 用原形） 提高题 Complete the passage with the words from the box. 用方框中的单词补全短文。 A. altogether B. important C. leave D. stay E. break F. unhappy G. untidy H. holiday My family has many rules that I have to follow. The main rule, I think, is that I have to try hard at school. My parents want me to do my homework and to tell them about anything (1) that happened at school. In this way, they can know my everyday performance (表现) and they can offer me some help if I have trouble. With this rule, I always try to (2) positive (积极的) at school. If I go out, I need to tell them where I am. If I am late for going somewhere, I need to tell them, too. They will be (3) if I don't. I can come home a little late, about 6 p. m., but only if I tell them. I have to go to bed by 10 p. m. on school nights. If it is a (4) ,I can stay up late at night. Besides,I only have two hours (5) to play on my tablet or computer at weekends. I know I should limit my screen time, but I hope my parents can give me one more hour. Another rule is that I have to clean my room. My parents get upset if I (6) things around the house. I should keep my room tidy, although I often (7) this rule. I think many children like myself like to have our rooms as“our places”. I try to keep it the way I like ——a little bit (8) . I can have posters on the wall. Generally,I'm pleased with my family rules because they keep me safe and self-disciplined (自律的). 【答案】1-5BDFHA 6-8CEG 【解析】 1.空格修饰“anything（事情）”，结合后文“父母了解我的日常表现、提供帮助”，可知是“重要的事情”，“important”（重要的）符合语境。句意：我父母希望我完成作业，并告诉他们学校里发生的任何重要的事情。 2.“stay + 形容词”表示“保持某种状态”，此处“stay positive”（保持积极）与前文“遵守规则”的结果呼应，符合逻辑。句意：有了这条规则，我在学校总是努力保持积极的状态。 3.前文提到“外出要告知父母行踪”，若不遵守，父母会“不高兴”，“unhappy”（不开心的）符合语境。句意：如果我不告诉他们，他们会不高兴的。 4.前文说“上学日要10点前睡觉”，此处“if”表转折，对应“假期可以熬夜”，“holiday”（假期）符合逻辑。 句意：如果是假期，我可以晚上熬夜。 5.空格修饰“two hours”，表示“总共两小时”，“altogether”（总共）符合“周末用电子设备的时长”的语境。 句意：此外，周末我总共只有两小时可以玩平板或电脑。 6.“leave things around the house”表示“把东西乱扔在家里”，与后文“父母生气”“保持房间整洁”呼应，“leave”（遗留、乱放）符合语境。句意：如果我把东西乱扔在家里，父母会生气。 7.“break the rule”是固定搭配，意为“违反规则”，前文说“应该保持房间整洁”，“although”表转折，说明“经常违反这条规则”，“break”（违反）符合逻辑。 句意：我应该保持房间整洁，尽管我经常违反这条规则。 8.前文说“按自己喜欢的方式保持房间”，结合“a little bit（有点）”，与“tidy（整洁的）”相对的是“untidy（不整洁的）”，符合“孩子把房间当‘自己的地盘’，有点乱”的语境。句意：我努力按自己喜欢的样子保持房间——有点不整洁。 【新题型】 Choose the correct sentences from the box to complete the conversation. 选出正确的句子补全对话。 A.What about a sign saying, “No walking dogs without a leash.”? B.What else have you noticed? C.So why not write a letter to the park manager? D.Some fierce dogs may bite people. E.Everyone must follow the rule to protect flowers and trees. F.They should pay attention to the“No littering.” sign and pick up the rubbish. Elle: Hey Jamie, have you noticed some people don't follow the rules in the park? Jamie: Yes. I see someone walking their dogs without a leash(拴绳).(1) It's not safe. Elle: I think so. And there should be a sign to tell people about it at the entrance of the park. (2) Jamie: That would be a good sign. Besides, some people litter as if there were no bins around. Elle: Ugh, that's the worst! (3) Jamie: I couldn't agree more. I think if everyone follows the rules, the park will be a nicer and safer place. (4) Elle: I' ve noticed that some people pick flowers, especially those who want to take photos. Jamie: Yes, I' ve noticed that too. (5) Elle: And I also think the park should recruit (征募) more volunteers (志愿者)to help enforce (强制执行) these rules. Jamie: You' re right. (6) Elle: OK! Let's do it. 【答案】1-6DAFBEC 【解析】1.前文提到“有人遛狗不拴绳”，后文强调“不安全”，空格处需衔接“不拴绳”与“不安全”的逻辑，D选项“一些凶猛的狗可能会咬人”直接解释了不拴绳的安全隐患，符合语境。句意：是的，我看到有人遛狗不拴绳。一些凶猛的狗可能会咬人，这很不安全。 2.前文Elle提议“公园入口应该有提示牌”，空格处需具体说明提示牌的内容，A选项“一个写着‘遛狗必须拴绳’的牌子怎么样？”承接“设置提示牌”的话题，且与“遛狗不拴绳”的前文呼应，逻辑连贯。句意：我也这么认为。而且公园入口应该有一个牌子告诉人们这件事。一个写着“遛狗必须拴绳”的牌子怎么样？ 3.前文Jamie提到“有些人乱扔垃圾”，Elle回应“这太糟糕了”，空格处需提出针对“乱扔垃圾”的建议，F选项“他们应该注意‘禁止乱扔垃圾’的标识并把垃圾捡起来”直接对应“乱扔垃圾”的问题，符合对话逻辑。句意：呃，这太糟糕了！他们应该注意“禁止乱扔垃圾”的标识并把垃圾捡起来。 4.前文讨论了“遛狗不拴绳”和“乱扔垃圾”两个问题，后文Elle提到“有人摘花”，说明空格处是Jamie询问“还有其他发现吗”，B选项“你还注意到了什么？”自然引出新的违规现象，衔接顺畅。句意：我完全同意。我认为如果每个人都遵守规则，公园会变得更美好、更安全。你还注意到了什么？ 5.前文提到“有人摘花”，空格处需针对“摘花”提出观点，E选项“每个人都必须遵守保护花草树木的规则”直接回应“摘花”的违规行为，强调保护花草的规则，符合语境。句意：是的，我也注意到了。每个人都必须遵守保护花草树木的规则。 6.前文Elle提议“公园应该招募更多志愿者强制执行规则”，Jamie表示同意，空格处需提出具体行动方案，C选项“那为什么不给公园经理写封信呢？”是可行的行动建议，且后文Elle回应“好的！我们来做吧”，符合对话的行动导向。句意：你说得对。那为什么不给公园经理写封信呢？ 【知识梳理】 Unit 2Rules around us 1.重点单词 序号 单词 音标 词性 释义 1. rule /ruːl/ n. 规则；规章 2. underground /ˌʌndəˈɡraʊnd/ n. 地铁；地下铁路系统 3. lean /liːn/ v. 倚靠；倾斜 4. litter /ˈlɪtə(r)/ v. 乱扔 5. gap /ɡæp/ n. 缺口；间隙 6. else /els/ adv. 其他的；别的 7. escalator /ˈeskəleɪtə(r)/ n. 自动扶梯 8. station /ˈsteɪʃn/ n. 车站；(服务)台 9. announcement /əˈnaʊnsmənt/ n. 公告；通告 10. passenger /ˈpæsɪndʒə(r)/ n. 乘客；旅客 11. lift /lɪft/ n. 电梯；升降机 12. platform /ˈplætfɔːm/ n. 站台 13. line /laɪn/ n. 线；线条 14. rush /rʌʃ/ v. 迅速移动；急促 15. smoke /sməʊk/ v. 吸烟；抽烟 16. seat /siːt/ n. 座位 17. anyone /ˈeniwʌn/ pron. 任何人 18. leave /liːv/ v. 留下；离开 19. rubbish /ˈrʌbɪʃ/ n. 垃圾；废弃物 20. glove /ɡlʌv/ n . 手 套 21. broken /ˈbrəʊkən/ adj. 破损的；伤残的 22. container /kənˈteɪnə(r)/ n . 容 器 23. ready /ˈredi/ adj. 准备好；准备完毕 24. follow /ˈfɒləʊ/ v. 遵循；跟随 25. stay /steɪ/ v. 保持；继续是 26. grow /ɡrəʊ/ v. 逐渐变得；逐渐成为 27. important /ɪmˈpɔːtnt/ adj. 重要的；有重大影响的 28. take turns /teɪk tɜːnz/ 轮流；依次 29. hurrah /həˈrɑː/ excl. 万岁；好哇 30. model /ˈmɒdl/ n . 模 型 31. pay /peɪ/ v. (与某些名词结合使用，表示将要做或将付出某事物) 32. attention /əˈtenʃn/ n.注意；关注 33. pay attention to (对某人或某事)注意 34. dream /driːm/ n. 梦；梦想 35. outing /ˈaʊtɪŋ/ n. (集体)出外游玩(或学习);远足 36. gate /ɡeɪt/ n . 大 门 2.重点短语表达 1.等红灯wait at a red light 2.准时到达学校arrive at school on time 3.大声说话talk loudly 4.玩得愉快have a good time/enjoy oneself 5. 回来come back 6.起初at first 7.在地铁站in the underground station 8.在电梯上on the escalator 9.把位子让给某人give one's seat to sb. 10.别的什么 what else 11.怀有梦想have a dream 12.醒过来wake up 13.把 …. …扔进 …… throw...into... 14.对……感兴趣be interested in 15.指出point out 16.准备好做某事be ready to do sth. 17.大喊cry out 18.遵守规则follow rules 19.保持安静keep quiet 20.坚持锻炼keep doing exercise 21.集中注意力于某事pay attention to sth. 22.看起来不开心look unhappy 23.轮到某人做某事one's turn to do sth. 24.注意他paid attention to him 25.打篮球的时候playing basketball 26.保持不断前行keep moving forward 27.地铁站underground station 29.公共场所public places 29.乘客通告announcements for passengers 30.留下垃圾leave rubbish 31.摘花pick flowers 32.在月台上on the platform 33.不得倚靠no leaning 34.一名交换生an exchange student 35.戴安全手套wear safety gloves 36.穿露脚趾的鞋wear open-toed shoes 37.做一些实验do some experiments 38.学校规章school rules 39.一个安全的游泳区域a safe swimming area 40.地铁走这边underground this way 41.礼貌地排队等待stand in line politely 42.注意脚下间隙mind the gap 43.告诉他不要在教室里玩游戏 ask him not to play games in the classroom 44.一些实验室的标志和规章条例 some signs and rules in the lab 45.一些公共场所的通告 some announcements in public places 46.帮助我们举止得当以及保证安全 help us behave well and stay safe 47.保持教室干净和整洁 keep the classroom clean and tidy 48.在地铁上给其他人让座 give seats to others on the underground 49.一个没有任何规则的更美好的地方a better place without any rules 50.未经允许拿走别人的东西 take others' things without asking them 3.课文翻译 1.校规帮助我们表现良好,保持安全和快乐。 【答案】School rules help us behave well,stay safe and be happy. 2.干净的房间让我们每天都很开心。 【答案】Clean rooms make us happy every day. 3.米莉(Millie)对科学感兴趣，她想读更多关于科学的有趣书籍. 【答案】Millie is interested in science and she wants to read more fun books about it. 4.你还能在哪里找到“No leaning. ”的标志? 【答案】Where else can you find the sign of "No leaning."? 5.请在黄线处等待并注意间隙。 【答案】Please wait at the yellow line and mind the gap. 6.我们不能在实验室里吃喝。 【答案】We mustn't eat or drink in the lab. 7.你准备好去实验室做一些实验了吗? 【答案】Are you ready to go to the lab and do some experiments? 8.照顾好树木，使它们长得又大又壮。 【答案】Take care of the trees to make them grow big and strong. 9.起初,鲍勃(Bob)认为没有规则的学校生活会很有趣。 【答案】At first,Bob thinks the school life will be fun without rules. 10.这里禁止右转。 【答案】Don't turn right here./You mustn't turn right here. 11.今天发生什么事了? 【答案】What's happening today? 12.这个标志是什么意思? 【答案】What does this sign mean? 13.轮到Bob来展示他的飞机模型了。 【答案】It's Bob's turn to show his model plane. 14.我们应该在实验室遵守什么规则? 【答案】What rules must we follow in the lab? 15.怀特老师和她的学生们正在讨论课堂规章。 【答案】Mrs.White and her students are discussing the class rules. 4.词性转换 announcement n.公告；通告 announce v.宣告；宣布 sit v.坐；坐落在 seat n.座位 broken adj.破损的；伤残的 break v.打破；休息 follow v.遵循；跟随 following adj.下述的；接着的 container n.容器 contain v.包含；容纳 important adj.重要的；有重大影响的 importance n.重要性 outing n. (集体)出外游玩(或学习);远足 out adv.在外；adj.界外的，出局的 attention n.出席，关心，注意 attentive adj.专注的 attentively adv.专注地 mean v.意义，意思是 meaning n.意思 5.词转练习 基础题 Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms(用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子) 1.His table tennis bat is____________.Luckily,he still won first place.(break) 【答案】broken 【解析】sth be broken某物坏了。句意：他的乒乓球拍坏了。幸运的是，他仍然获得了第一名。 2. The children wear warm clothes,scarves and____________in winter.(glove) 【答案】gloves 【解析】glove n.手套。句意：孩子们冬天穿暖和的衣服，戴围巾和手套。 3. Our teachers always give us good advice. We should____________what they say. (following) 【答案】follow 【解析】follow v.遵守；遵循；跟着。句意：我们的老师总是给我们很好的建议。我们应该听从他们的话。 4.The Internet has become an____________part of our daily life.(importance) 【答案】important 【解析】become/be an important part of sth成为...重要一部分。句意：互联网已经成为我们日常生活的重要组成部分。 5.You can't expect to learn a foreign language in such a short time____________any hard work.(with) 【答案】without 【解析】without prep.没有；缺少。句意：你不能指望在这么短的时间内轻松学习一门外语。 6.Lily is____________in Chinese history and enjoys reading historical novels. (interest) 【答案】interested 【解析】be interested in sth对...感兴趣。句意：莉莉对中国历史感兴趣，喜欢读历史小说。 7. All the students enjoyed themselves when they had a spring____________day.(out) 【答案】outing 【解析】a spring outing day春游日.句意：春游那天，所有的学生都玩得很开心 提高题 1.The two workers are planting some flowers in a____________.(contain) 【答案】container 【解析】container n.容器。句意：两个工人正在一个容器里种花。 2.They____________that their new product had many advantages.(announcement) 【答案】announced 【解析】announce v.宣布；通知；宣告。根据had可知用一般过去式。句意：他们宣布他们的新产品有很多优点。 6.知识梳理 1. Rules around us 身边的规则 rule n. 规则；规章 We must foll the rules of the classroom.我们必须遵守课堂规则。 2. Underground this way.地铁这边走。 underground /'ʌndəgraund/ n.地铁；地下铁路系统 I go to work by underground every day.=I take the underground to work every day.我每天乘地铁去上班。 表示地铁这种交通工具时，通常使用the underground,不能用an underground。 如： I usually take a nap when I travel on the underground.我坐地铁的时候通 常会小睡一觉。 虽然这里on the underground并不特指某一班地铁，但不能使用on an underground。 this way 这边走；这边请 Please foll me this way to the classroom.请跟我走这边去教室。 Right this way—your table is ready.请这边走，你的桌子已经准备好了。 3. Turn left here.此处左转 turn left左转；向左转 Walk straight ahead and turn left at the bookstore.直走，然后到书店向左转。 turn right 右转；向右转 4. No leaning.请勿倚靠。 lean v. (leaned/leant/lent/,leaned/leant)倚靠；倾斜 She leaned against the wall,feeling tired.她靠在墙上，感觉很累。 “No+动词-ing 形式”是一个常见的英语表达，用来表示禁止或不允许某种行为。这种结构通常用于标志、通知或规则中，以明确指出某种行为是 不被允许的。 如： No smoking.(=You mustn't smoke here.)禁止吸烟。No后面还可以直接跟名词，用来表示禁止。 如： No photography/cameras.禁止拍照。 使用no表示禁止时，话语通常比较简短，起到警示、警戒作用。 5. No littering .请勿乱扔垃圾。 litter v.乱 扔 n. 垃圾；废弃物 Don't litter in the playground;it's bad for the environment.不要在操场上乱扔垃圾，这对环境不好。(作动词) Please pick up the litter in the park and keep it clean.请捡起公园里的垃圾，保持清洁。(作名词) trash n.垃圾 waste n.废物 rubbish n.垃圾 6. Mind the gap.注意缝隙。 gap n.缺口；间隙 Leave a gap between your car and the next.在你的车与旁边的车之间留条道。 7. Where else can you find the sign"No leaning."? 你还能在哪儿找到“请勿倚靠”这个标志? else adv.其他的；别的 else主要有以下几种常见用法。 (1)与something,anybody,no one等不定代词连用。 如：There is no one else in the room.房间里没有其他人。 (2)置于疑问词后。 如： What else can I do to help you? 我还能做些什么来帮助你? too,also,either与else的区别 (1)too 通常用于肯定句的末尾，表示“也”的意思，用来添加附加信息或同意前面提到的情况。 如： I like ice cream too. 我也喜欢冰淇淋。 (2)also 用于肯定句中，用来添加附加信息或强调某事。 如：I also like ice cream.我也喜欢冰淇淋。 (3)either用于否定句的句末，表示“也”的意思，用于加强否定或(对两事物)进行选择。 如： I don't like apples,and I don't like bananas,either.我不喜欢苹果，也不喜欢香蕉。 I'm going to buy either a dress or a T-shirt.我打算买一条裙子或者一件T恤衫。 (4)else用于疑问句或否定句中，表示“其他的”或“另外的”的意思，用来 询问或指明除了已知选项之外的其他选项。 如：What else do you want?你还要其他什么吗? 8. I can find it on the escalator in the underground station.我能在地铁站的自动扶梯上找到它。 escalator n.自动扶梯 We can use the escalator to go to the second floor.我们可以使用自动扶梯 去二楼。 on the escalator在自动扶梯上 Hold the handrail when you're on the escalator.在自动扶梯上时请握住扶手。 station n.车站；(服务)台 We will arrive at the train station soon.我们很快将到达火车站。 station主要指一个固定的地点或设施，用于某种特定的目的或服务。 如：railway/train station (火车站) ,gas station (加油站) ,police station (警察局) ,space station (宇宙空间站) ,radio station (广播电台), TV station(电视台) ,fire station (消防局)等。 underground station地铁站 Let's wait on the platform for the train to arrive at the underground station. 让我们在站台上等待列车到达地铁站。 9. Announcements for passengers 乘客通告 announcement n.公告；通告 The company will make an important announcement at the meeting.公司将在会议上发布一条重要通告。 We have an announcement about the coming sporting event.关于即将举行的这项体育赛事，我们有一则通知。 announce v.宣布，宣告(决定、计划等) announcer n. 广播员；播音员 passenger n.乘客；旅客 Please fasten your seat belts,passengers, as we are about to take off.各位乘客，请系好安全带，我们即将起飞。 announcement for passengers意为“乘客通告”,是在公共交通工具或站点，如火车、地铁、公交车或机场，用来向乘客传达信息的正式声明。 如： Ladies and gentlemen,this is an announcement for passengers.The train is about to arrive at the next station.Please prepare to disembark.女士们、先生们，这是乘客通告。列车即将到达下一站，请准备下车。 10. Please use the lift when you have heavy bags.携带大件行李的乘客请使用电梯。 lift n.电梯；升降机 We need to take the lift to the fifth floor.=We need to go to the fifth floor by lift.我们需要乘电梯到五楼。 在美式英语中，“电梯”多使用elevator表示。 11. On the platform 在站台上 platform n.站 台 The train is arriving soon.Please wait for the train on platform 3.火车即将到达。请在3号站台等候火车。 on the platform在站台上；在月台上 We arranged to meet on the platform before boarding the train.我们约定在站台上见面，然后一起上车。 12. Please wait at the yell line and mind the gap.请在黄线处等候，注意(脚下)缝隙。 line n. 线；线条 Please foll the yell line on the floor to the exit.请沿着地板上的黄线走向出口。 line还可以表示“队伍；线路”等引申义。 如： There's a long line at the ticket office.售票处排了一条长队。 The new railway line connects the city to the coastal areas.新铁路线将城 市与沿海地区连接起来。 at the yell line 在黄线处 at在这里表示“在(某处)”,强调不超过、不越过的意思。又如： Please wait at the yell line until the train comes to a complete stop.请在 黄线处等待，直到火车完全停稳。 13. Don't rush when the underground train is coming.地铁列车进站时请勿奔跑。 rush v.迅速移动；急促 People rush to the store on Black Friday to get good deals.人们在黑色星 期五冲到商店买便宜货。 She rushed her words and was hard to understand.她急促地说着话，让人很难理解。 14. Don't eat,drink,smoke or litter on trains.列车上请勿饮食、抽烟和乱扔垃圾。 smoke v.吸烟；抽烟 Please don't smoke in this area.请不要在这个区域吸烟。 smoke n.烟雾 The smoke from the fire filled the sky.大火的烟雾弥漫了整个天空。 or是一个连词，用来连接选项或可能性。但在否定句中，or 通常意味着“和”,而不是提供选择。 如： I don't want tea or coffee.我不想喝茶和咖啡。 (这里意味着两样都不想要，即：既不想喝茶也不想喝咖啡。) on trains在列车上；在车厢内 在一些大型的交通工具中，通常用介词on 表示在该交通工具内部的意思，如：on the plane(在飞机上),on the bus(在公交车上) ,on the underground(在地铁上)。而在一些小型的交通工具中，则通常使用in, 如 in the car(在轿车上 ),in the taxi(在出租车上)。 15. Please give your seat to anyone in need.请把座位让给有需要的乘客。 seat n. 座位 Please fasten your seat belt before I start the car.在我启动轿车之前请系好安全带。 take a seat 坐下；请坐下 Please take a seat while I prepare your coffee.请先坐下，我准备一下你的咖啡。 give one's seat to somebody 给某人让座 The young man gave his seat to an elderly lady on the bus.这位年轻人在公交车上给一位老妇人让了座。 anyone pron. (=anybody )任何人 anyone多用于否定句和疑问句中，代替someone。 如： I couldn't find anyone/anybody for help here.在这儿，一个能帮到我的人都找不到。 Can anyone/anybody help me with this problem?有谁能帮我解决这个问题吗? 当anyone 用于肯定句中时，表示“任何人”。 如： Take it easy.Anyone/Anybody could make a mistake.放轻松。任何人都可能犯错。 in need意为“有需要的”,常用于描述处于困难需要帮助的状态。 如： We should always be ready to help those in need.我们应该随时准备帮助那些需要帮助的人。 16.Paul,an exchange student from Swan Lake Middle School,is looking at a display board in the clubroom with Lu Yao.来自天鹅湖中学的交换生保罗正在和陆遥一起看社团活动室的展板。 exchange student 交换生 exchange student 是指参加交换生项目的学生，这种项目允许学生到另一个国家或地区学习一段时间，同时接待来自对方国家的学生。 display board展示板 17. Dos and don'ts 注意事项；行为准则 Dos and don'ts作为一个标题，通常用来概括一个列表或一系列的指导原则，这些原则告诉人们在特定情境下应该做什么和不应该做什么。这个标题可以用于多种不同的文档、文章、指示牌或公告等。 如： Healthy living:dos and don'ts 健康生活：行为准则 Road safety:dos and don'ts 道路安全：行为准则 18.Never leave rubbish on the floor.不要把垃圾扔在地上。 never后接动词原形是一种常见的祈使句，用于表示“明令禁止”,其含义比“Don't+动词原形”这类的祈使句更有警告的意味。 又如：Never tell anyone your password.不要把你的密码告诉任何人。 leave v.(left ,left)留下；离开 She left her keys on the table.她把钥匙留在了桌子上。 Please leave the room quietly.请安静地离开房间。 leave 作动词还有如下的常见用法 (1)表示“忘带；丢下”。 如： She left her bag on the taxi yesterday.她昨天把包丢在出租车上了。 (2)表示“使保留；让……处于(某种状态、某地等)”。 如： Leave the door open,please.请把门开着吧。 rubbish n.垃圾；废弃物 Please take the rubbish out to the bin.请把垃圾拿出去扔进垃圾桶。 litter n.垃圾；废弃物 trash n.废物；垃圾 on the floor在地面上；在地板上 19. Always wear safety gloves when working in the lab.在实验室做实验时，始终要戴好安全手套。 always用于句首，通常强调习惯或一贯行为。 如： Always lock the door when you leave the house.离开家时总是要锁门。 glove n. (分手指的)手套 She put on her gloves before going out in the cold.在外出之前,她戴上了手套以抵御寒冷。 a pair of gloves一副手套 when working in the lab相当于when you work in the lab,意为“当你在实 验室做实验时”。 “when后跟动词 -ing 形式”的结构通常用来表达一个同时发生的动作或状态，或用来强调一个动作发生时另一个动作正在进行。 如： When crossing the street,always look both ways.过马路时，始终要往两边看看。 需要注意的是，“when 加动词-ing形式”的结构中，逻辑主语必须和主句的主语保持一致。如例句中，crossing the street 的逻辑主语是you。 20. Always throw broken glass into the broken glass container .始终将碎玻璃扔进碎玻璃回收容器内。 throw .…into . …把 … … 扔进/投入 … … 中 Let's thr the pebbles into the sea.我们把这些鹅卵石扔回海里吧。 broken adj.破损的；伤残的 Don't touch the broken glass.不要碰那些碎玻璃。 break v.(broke ,broken)(使)破，裂，碎；弄坏；损坏；坏掉 container n.容 器 Do not fill the container more than two-thirds full.加入的量不要超过容器总容量的三分之二。 contain v.包含；含有；容纳 21.Are you ready to go to the lab and do some experiments today? 你今天准备好去实验室做实验了吗? ready adj.准备好；准备完毕 —Shall we go?我们可以走了吗? —I'm ready when you are!我准备好了，就等你了! I'm just getting the kids ready for school.我正在让孩子们准备好去上学。 be ready to do something准备好做某事；乐意做某事 Right,we're ready to go.对，我们准备好了，可以走了。 She's always ready to help others.她总是乐于助人。 22. Before we get started,look at the rules first to keep safe.在我们开始之前，先看看规则，以确保安全。 get started开始 Are you ready for the game?Now,let's get started!你们准备好做游戏了吗?那我们现在开始吧! It's time to get started on our science project.是时候开始我们的科学项目了。 keep safe 保持安全 Wearing a helmet while biking can help you keep safe.骑自行车时戴头盔可以确保你安全。 keep可以作系动词，后接形容词作表语构成系表结构，表示“保持某种状态”之意。 23. What rules must we foll in the lab? 在实验室里我们必须遵守哪些规则? follow v.遵循；跟随 Why didn't you foll my advice?你为什么不听我的劝告? (意为“遵循；听从”) Foll me,please.I'll show you the way.请跟我走。我来给您带路。(意为“跟随；跟着”) follow rules 遵守规则 24. Anything else?还有什么(我们必须做或不能做的吗)? 这句句子从上下文来看是“Anything else I need to pay attention to?”(还有什么我需要注意的吗?)的缩略形式。“Anything else?”的含义要在上下文中理解。又如： —I want some cabbages,some beef and some eggs from the supermarket. 我要你从超市买些卷心菜、牛肉和鸡蛋。 — Anything else?还要什么?(相当于“Anything else you want?”) 25. You must keep quiet in the reading room.在阅览室里你必须保持安静。 keep quiet 保持安静 in the reading room 在阅览室 26. Keep doing exercise,and you can stay healthy.坚持锻炼，你就能保持健康。 keep doing something继续(做某事);重复(做某事) Keep smiling!要保持微笑! stay v.保持；继续是 【提示】stay 除了表示“待；逗留”的含义外，其后还常接形容词构成系表结构，表示“保持……”之意。关于stay作系动词的用法详见“学习指引”。 stay healthy保持健康 27. Take care of the trees to make them gr big and strong.照顾好这些树，使它们长得又大又壮。 take care of 照顾；照看 take care of与look after意思相近，都有“照顾；照看”之意。 如：He took care of/looked after his flowers all the time.他一直在照顾他的花 grow v.(grew ,grown )逐渐变得；逐渐成为 grow除了表示“成长；长大；种植”的含义外，其后还常接形容词构成系表结构，表示“逐渐变得……”之意。 28. Rules are very important .规则非常重要。 important adj.重要的；有重大影响的 I have an important announcement to make.我要宣布一件重要的事情。 Your suggestion is very important to me.你的建议对我而言十分重要。 unimportant adj.不重要的；次要的；无足轻重的 importance n.重要性；重要；重大 29. Take turns to do things.大家要轮流做事。 turn 在这里作名词，意为“(依次轮到的)机会”。 又如： When it's your turn, take another card.轮到你时，再抓一张牌。 take turns 轮流；依次 take turns后可以接带to的动词不定式表示“轮流做某事”之意。 也可以接“(in+) 动词-ing形式”表示相同的含义。 如：We take turns to do the housework.我们轮流做家务。 Mum and Dad take turns(in)looking after his little brother.父母轮流照顾他的小弟弟。 30. "Hurrah !"Bob shouts happily.“万岁!”鲍勃欢呼了起来 hurrah excl.万岁；好哇 Hurrah! She's here at last!好呀!她终于来了! hurrah 亦作hoora或hurray。 31. It's Bob's turn to sh his model plane. (今天)轮到鲍勃展示他的飞机模型。 It's one's turn to do something 轮到……做某事 It's your turn to set the table.轮到你摆放餐具了。 model n.模型 Terry enjoys making models. 泰瑞喜欢做模型。 model还可以表示“模范；模特儿”的含义。 如： Yiming is a model student at school.一鸣是学校的模范生。 Would you like to be a fashion model in the future?你将来想做时装模特儿吗? model plane 飞机模型 model ship船模 model car汽车模型；车模 32.He begins to talk,but no one pays any attention to him. 他开始发言了，但没人注意听。 begin to do something开始做某事；着手做某事 begin to do something与begin doing sth的意思基本一致，可以替换使用。 如： Soon she began to cry.=Soon she began crying.很快她哭了起来。 pay v. (paid ,paid)(与某些名词结合使用，表示将要做或将付出某事物) I'll pay a call on my friends.我将去看朋友。(pay a call on相当于visit) pay的常见含义还有“付费；付酬”。 如： She pays $200 a week for this flat.这套公寓她每周要付200英镑的租金。 attention n. 注意；关注 He turned his attention back to the road again.他把注意力转回到道路上。 An article in the newspaper caught my attention.报上一篇文章引起了我的注意。 pay attention to (对某人或某事)注意 I didn't pay attention to what she was saying.我没有注意她在说什么。 Don't pay any attention to what they say.别在意他们所说的话。 33. I'm trying to tell you something.我要告诉你们一件事。 try to do something 尽力做某事 try to do something与try doing sth的区别： 前者表示“尽力做某事；设法做某事”,后者表示“尝试做某事；试着做某事”。 试比较： I'm trying to learn French this year.我今年正努力学法语。 Why not try speaking French with a native speaker to improve your skills? 为什么不尝试和法语为母语的人讲法语来提高你的技能呢? 34. Emma says,"No.No rules today!"艾玛说：“不。今天没有任何规则!” no rules相当于 not any rules,表示“没有规则”。 no可以置于名词前，表示“无；没有”之意。其后可以跟可数名词单数或复数(两者表达的含义基本一致)与不可数名词。 如： No student is to leave the room.学生一律不许离开这间房间。 (no=not a) There were no letters this morning.今天早上一封信也没有。 (no=not any) There's no bread left一片面包都没有了。(no=not any) 35. At lunchtime,someone takes some of Bob's food without asking.午餐时，有人在没有征得鲍勃同意的情况下拿走了他的一些食物。 at lunchtime午餐时；在吃午餐的时候 lunchtime是一个合成词，即lunch(午餐)+time(时间)=lunchtime(午餐时间)。类似的还有：breakfast time(早餐时间),dinnertime(正餐时间)。 36. "It's my food,"Bob cries out,"What's happening today?No one listens to me,no one lets me play ...Can we have our rules back now?”“这是我的食物，”鲍勃大声说，“今天都发生了些什么?没人听我的，没人让我玩……我们现在可以恢复规则吗?” cry out(因受惊、不快、痛苦等)大声叫喊 He was crying out in pain when the ambulance arrived.救护车到的时候，他在痛苦地大叫着。 What's happening意为“发生了什么;出了什么事；怎么啦”。What's happening over there?那里发生了什么事情? have .….back 要回；使恢复 Sally,may I have my pen bac k? 萨利，我能拿回我的钢笔了吗? 37. Are you having a dream? 你在做梦吗? dream n.梦；梦想 I thought someone came into the bedroom,but it was just a dream.我还以为有人进了卧室，结果只是一场梦。 Her lifelong dream was to be a famous writer.她的毕生心愿就是成为一名作家。 dream v.(dreamt ,dreamt或 dreamed,dreamed) 做梦；梦见；想象；梦想 have a dream做梦 I had a strange dream about a fierce wolf.我做了一个非常奇怪的梦,梦见了一头凶猛的狼。 38. We will have our spring outing on 22 March.我们学校将于3月22日组织春游活动。 outing n.(集体)出外游玩(或学习);远足 The Smiths usually have a family outing in autumn.史密斯一家通常在秋天全家出门远足。 spring outing 春游 Where shall we go on a spring outing?我们到哪里去春游? autumn outing 秋游 39. We are going to the Science and Technology Museum.我们将前往科技馆。 the Science and Technology Museum科技馆；科学技术博物馆 40. We will meet at the school gate at 9 a.m.and come back at 3 p.m.我们将于上午9点在校门口集合，下午3点返回。 gate n.大门 He pushed open the garden gate.他推开了花园的门。 at the school gate在校门口 at 在这里是“在(某处)”之意。 又如： I'll wait for you at the bus stop.我会在公交车站等你。 练一练 1.The principal will_____________the winner of the competition shortly. (announce) 【答案】announce 【解析】需要一个动词来表示"宣布", 所以选择动词"announce".句意: 校长将很快宣布比赛的获胜者。 2.Where can you find the sign“No________.”?(run) 【答案】running 【解析】No+doing：禁止做某事。句意：你在哪里可以找到“禁止跑步”的标志？ 3. Don't take other people's stuff without________.(ask) 【答案】asking 【解析】without介词+动词ing。句意：不要不问就拿走别人的东西。 4.Parents should watch children at all________when they see the yellow flag.(time) 【答案】times 【解析】搭配：at all times在任何时候;不论什么时候。句意：当孩子们看到黄旗时，父母应该随时看着他们。 5.The autumn________is coming! Hurrah!(out) 【答案】outing 【解析】the autumn outing秋游。句意：秋游来了！万岁！ 6.I was searching for a pair of grey________to go with my new gown.(glove) 【答案】gloves 【解析】句意：我在找一副灰色手套来搭配我的新礼服。 7.Always throw________glass into the container.(break) 【答案】broken 【解析】broken adj.破碎的;破坏了的;破损的。句意：一定要把碎玻璃扔进容器里。 8. Zero was a very________invention because it made it easier to write big numbers and to calculate.(importance) 【答案】important 【解析】important adj.重要的。句意：零是一项非常重要的发明，因为它使写大数字和计算变得更加容易。 1.There was an important_____________ made during the assembly.(announce) 【答案】announcement 【解析】这里需要一个名词来表示"通知", 所以选择名词announcement。 句意:在集会上发布了一则重要的通知。 2. Listen to the________carefully.(announce) 【答案】announcement(s) 【解析】announcement公告;(指行动)宣布;通告;宣告。句意：仔细听公告。 Read and complete the sentences with the suitable words(根据句意补全单词) 1.We must all obey the traffic r____________when driving here. 【答案】rules 【解析】traffic rules交通规则。句意：我们在这里开车时都必须遵守交通规则。 2.A Boeing 737 airplane with 132 p____________on board crashed in the mountains of Guangxi Province on March 2lst. 【答案】passengers 【解析】passenger n.乘客。句意：3月2日，一架载有132名乘客的波音737飞机在广西山区坠毁。 3.Excuse me,sir.You are not allowed to s____________here. Look at the sign. 【答案】smoke 【解析】smoke vi.吸烟。句意：对不起，先生。这里禁烟。看这个标志。 4. We should always remember to turn off the light before l____________the room. 【答案】leaving 【解析】介词before+动词ing。句意：我们离开房间前一定要记得关灯。 5.-Whose scarf and g____________are these? Are they Tom's?-They can't be his. Tom never wears them. 【答案】gloves 【解析】gloves n.手套。句意：-这些围巾和手套是谁的？它们是汤姆的吗-他们不可能是他的。汤姆从不穿它们。 6.Kitty is helpful.She is r____________to help others at all times. 【答案】ready 【解析】be ready to do sth准备做某事;乐意做某事.句意：Kitty很有帮助。她随时准备帮助别人。 7. In my class,we all work in groups and take t____________to do different chores. 【答案】turns 【解析】take turns to do sth轮流做某事。句意：在我的班上，我们都分组工作，轮流做不同的家务。 8.I have a m____________plane, but I don't have a toy car. 【答案】model 【解析】model plane飞机模型。句意：我有一架模型飞机，但我没有玩具车。 【课后作业】 2025年上海市华育中学六年级下学期第一次月考英语试卷 Part One Listening25% Part Two Vocabulary and Grammar Ⅰ. Choose the best answer（选择最恰当的答案20%） 1. Which of the following underlined part is different in pronunciation from the others? A. come B. country C. possible D. worry 【答案】C 【详解】句意：以下哪个下划线部分的发音与其他部分不同？ 考查语音知识。come/kʌm/；country/ˈkʌntri/；possible/ˈpɒsəbl/；worry/ˈwʌri/。根据音标可知，C项划线部分的发音为/ɒ/，其他三项的划线部分的发音为/ʌ/。故选C。 2. He plays ________ volleyball after school every day, and on Sundays he usually plays ________ guitar at home. A. the; the B. /; / C. the; / D. /; the 【答案】D 【详解】句意：他每天放学后打排球，星期天他通常在家弹吉他。 考查冠词。the定冠词，表特指；/零冠词。球类运动前不加冠词，西洋乐器前加定冠词the。故选D。 3. ________ the students took part in the competition. A. Seven hundreds B. Seven hundred of C. Seven hundred D. Hundreds of 【答案】B 【详解】句意：七百名学生参加了比赛。 考查数词用法。hundred前接具体数词时，不加s，且不与of连用；hundreds of“好几百”，表示的是概数而非具体数目；Seven hundred“七百”，后接名词时，名词前通常不接定冠词the。当需要表示“特定群体中的一部分”时，结构为“数字+hundred of the+名词”，Seven hundred of the students指“这些学生中的七百人”，故选B。 4.The middle-aged lady is one of the ________ in this famous restaurant. A.woman cooks B. women cooks C. woman cookers D. women cookers 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这位中年女士是这家著名餐厅的女厨师之一。 考查名词复数。cook厨师；cooker炊具；根据“one of the”可知，此处指女厨们，用名词复数；woman作定语修饰后面的名词和后面的名词保持一致，cooks这里是复数，这里woman用复数，women cooks女厨师。故选B。 5. I________ an invitation to the party, but I didn’t ________ it because I was busy. A. received; accept B. received; receive C. accepted; accept D. accepted; receive 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我收到了聚会的邀请，但是我没有接受，因为我很忙。 考查动词辨析。receive是客观上的“接收”，“收到”；accept主观上的“接受”，指从内心里愿意接受。第一空指的是“收到邀请”，因此填received；第二空指的是“因为很忙，所以没有接受”，因此填accept。故选A。 6. Record your voice while reading English, ______ you will find your weak parts and practise them. A. but B. or C. so D. and 【答案】D 【详解】句意：当你读英语时，录下你的声音，你将会发现你薄弱的部分并且练习它们。 A.但是，表示转折；B.否则；C.所以（表示因果）；D.并且，和（表示并列和顺承）。根据句意可知，录下你的声音，你将会发现你的薄弱环节，空前和空后表示顺承，用and，故选D。 7. My classmates looked ________ at their scores after the teacher gave out their Math tests. A. sad B. worried C. lovely D. sadly 【答案】D 【详解】句意：老师发完数学试卷后，我的同学们悲伤地看着他们的分数。 考查词义辨析。sad伤心的；worried担心的；lovely可爱的；sadly悲伤地。look at“看”，是固定词组，分析句子结构可知，此处应用副词形式，作状语，修饰动词“looked”。故选D。 8. The deputies of the National People’s Congress asked the government to ________ more money for education. A. pay B. cost C. spend D. purchase 【答案】A 【详解】句意：全国人民代表大会的代表们要求政府为教育投入更多的资金。 考查动词辨析。pay支付，人作主语；cost花费，物作主语；spend花费，人作主语；purchase购买。根据“asked the government to ... more money for education.”可知，此处指要求政府在教育多投入资金。pay money for sth“为某物付钱”，符合句意。故选A。 9. —Don’t be late for school next time, Sam. —OK, I ________. A. don’t B. do C. won’t D. will 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——Sam，下次上学别再迟到了。 ——好的，我不会再迟到了。 考查祈使句的回答。don’t不要；do做，干；won’t将不，不会；will将，会。对于祈使句的回答，肯定回答常用“Yes, I will.”，表示会按照要求去做；否定回答常用“No, I won’t.”，表示不会做某事。根据空前“OK”可知，此处是指Sam答应不会再迟到了，所以应该用否定回答“No, I won’t.”，在口语中常省略“No”，直接回答“I won’t”。故选C。 10. Students are busy ________ the exam while teachers are ________ the test papers. A. preparing with；preparing for B. preparing for；preparing C. preparing；preparing D. preparing for；preparing with 【答案】B 【详解】句意：学生们正在忙于准备考试，而老师们正在准备试卷。 考查动词短语。prepare with“和……一起准备”；prepare for“为……准备”；prepare“准备”，后面跟准备的内容。第一空表示：学生在为考试做准备，应该用 “prepare for”。第二空表示：老师正在准备试卷，prepare后面直接跟准备的内容。故选B。 11. I wondered ________. A. when will the plane take off B. how long it took to travel there C. how soon the meeting will begin D. how would people get there 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我想知道去那里旅行花费了多长时间。 考查宾语从句。根据“I wondered”可知此句是一个宾语从句，在宾语从句中，要使用陈述语序，即“主语+谓语+其他”，排除A和D；时态遵循“主过从必过”原则，主句时态为一般过去时，从句要使用过去的某种时态，排除C。故选B。 12. It isn’t very far from here. It’s only about ________. A. forty-five-minute walk B. twenty-nine minute’s walk C. fourty-five minutes’ walk D. nineteen minutes’ walk 【答案】D 【详解】句意：它离这里不远。步行大约只需19分钟。 考查名词所有格。根据“It isn’t very far from here.”可知，离这里不远，可排除A项和C项；B项表述错误，minute应用复数形式，后加’，D项符合。故选D。 13. There ________ two birthday party next Sunday. A. will have B. is to have C. are going to be D. are going to have 【答案】C 【详解】句意：下周日将有两个生日聚会。 考查there be用法。根据next Sunday可知，句子要用一般将来时，there be句型的将来时形式：there will be/there is/are going to be；there be与have不能同时使用，故选C。 14. —Look, it ________ be Tom.—No, it ________ be him. He has gone abroad. A. may; mustn’t B. must; mustn’t C. must; can’t D. may; may not 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——看，那一定是汤姆。 —— 不，不可能是他。他已经去国外了。 考查情态动词用法。must一定；mustn’t禁止；can’t不可能；may可能，也许；may not可能不。第一空，根据“Look”可知，此处是指肯定的推测，应用“must”，排除A和D；第二空，根据下文“He has gone abroad.”可知，他已经出国了，所以此处是指不可能是他，应用“can’t”表示否定的推测，排除B。故选C。 15. Pudong New District is ________ of Shanghai. A. in the east B. to the west C. on the east D. at the east 【答案】A 【详解】句意：浦东新区在上海的东部。 考查介词和名词辨析。in the east位于东部(在辖区范围内)；to the west位于西部(不接壤，不在辖区范围内)；on the east位于东部(边界接壤)；at the east位于西部(具体的某处)；浦东新区隶属上海的辖区，故选A。 16. I saw the girl ________ the floor when I passed the classroom. A. clean B. cleans C. to clean D. cleaning 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我经过教室时，看见那个女孩在打扫地板。 考查非谓语动词。根据“when I passed the classroom”并结合语境可知，此处指经过教室时，看见那个女孩在打扫地板，see sb. doing sth.“看见某人正在做某事”，是固定词组。故选D。 17. A number of visitors ________ waiting outside and the number of them ________ 600. A. is; are B. are; is C. is; is D. are; are 【答案】B 【详解】句意：许多游客在外面等着，他们有600人。 考查主谓一致。a number of…“大量的，许多的”，作主语，谓语动词用复数；the number of…“⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅⋅的数量”，作主语，谓语动词用单数，结合选项可知，B项符合。故选B。 18. We will have the final exam ________ the morning of January 15th. A. in B. on C. to D. from 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们将在1月15日上午举行期末考试。 考查介词辨析。in用于泛指某段时间；on用于具体某一天；to到；from从。根据“the morning of January 15th”可知，具体的日期前要用on，故选B。 19. I don’t feel very well. Mum asked me ________ this morning. A. what the matter is B. what is wrong C. what was the matter D. what wrong was 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我觉得不舒服。早上妈妈问我怎么了。 考查宾语从句。根据asked可知，后面接的宾语从句用一般过去时，排除A和B两项。作为宾语从句，用陈述语序，选项D语序错误，“What was the matter”是固定表达，其中“what”作主语，从句中无需调整语序。故选C。 20. —Are you going to Tom’s birthday party?—________. I might have to work. A. It depends B. Thank you C. Sound great D. Don’t mention it 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你要去参加汤姆的生日派对吗？——看情况。我可能得工作。 考查情景交际。It depends看情况；Thank you谢谢；Sound great听起很好；Don’t mention it别提了。根据“I might have to work.”可知，可能去工作，所以不确定，要看情况，故选A。 Ⅱ. Fill in the blanks with the words in proper forms.（用单词适当形式填空6%） 21. She was ________ as a writer than as a singer. (fame) 【答案】more famous 【详解】句意：她作为作家比作为歌手更出名。根据“She was ... as a writer than”可知，空处应用形容词比较级形式，fame“名气”，名词，对应的形容词是famous“著名的”；famous是多音节词，比较级为more famous。故填more famous。 22. The news made him ________. (excite) 【答案】excited 【详解】句意：这个消息使他很兴奋。根据空前“made him”可知，此处考查“make +宾语+宾语补足语”结构，“him”是宾语，这里需要用excite的形容词形式excited“兴奋的；激动的”，在句中作宾语补足语，用来描述“him”的状态。故填excited。 23. How ________ they are talking! We can’t hear the teacher. (noise) 【答案】noisily 【详解】句意：他们谈话多么吵闹啊！我们听不见老师讲话了。根据“We can’t hear the teacher.”可知，听不见老师讲话，说明他们谈话声音很吵，所以这里应用noise的副词形式noisily“吵闹地，喧闹地”，在句中作状语，修饰动词“talking”。故填noisily。 24. Cambridge is always full of ________ in the summer. (tour) 【答案】tourists 【详解】句意：剑桥在夏天总是挤满了游客。根据“Cambridge is always full of…in the summer.”可知，此处指剑桥在夏天总是挤满了游客，tourist“游客”，此处应用复数形式，表示概数概念。故填tourists。 25. The lunch was excellent, ________ the first course. (special) 【答案】especially 【详解】句意：这顿午餐非常棒，尤其是第一道菜。分析句子结构可知，此处应将special改为especially“尤其，特别”，副词，在句中强调、突出“the first course”。故填especially。 26. Their ________ would be expressed through their own clothes at school. (person) 【答案】personalities 【详解】句意：他们的个性会通过自己在学校的穿着表现出来。根据“would be expressed through their own clothes at school”可知，指的是学生的个性，应用名词personality。结合“their”可知，名词用复数，故填personalities。 Ⅲ. Fill in the blanks with the verbs in their proper forms. （动词填空6%） 27. The police ________ several thieves in the past two weeks.(catch) 【答案】have caught 【详解】句意：在过去的两周里，警方已经抓获了几个小偷。根据“in the past two weeks”可知，本句时态为现在完成时，其结构是“have/has + 过去分词”。句子的主语是The police，police是集合名词，谓语动词用复数形式，所以用助动词have；catch的过去分词形式是caught，故填have caught。 28. A first rule in solving any mystery is ________ the facts. (check) 【答案】to check 【详解】句意：解开任何谜团的第一条规则是核实事实。根据“A first rule in solving any mystery is...”可知，空处用不定式作表语，表示主语的内容和目的。故填to check。 29.She returned and ________ (lay) her coat on the chair noticing that her bag still ________ (lie) where it was. 【答案】laid lay 【详解】句意：她返回来把外套放在椅子上，注意到她的包仍然放在原来的位置。 考查动词时态。第一空lay“放置”，动词；根据“returned and”可知，前后动词时态一致，因此用过去时laid；第二空lie“躺，位于”，根据“She returned and”可知，主句时态是过去时，that从句的时态也用过去时，lie的过去式是lay。故填laid；lay。 30. Now more efforts ________ to protect and restore this precious mountain area. (make) 【答案】are being made 【详解】句意：现在，人们正在加大力度保护和恢复这片珍贵的山区。根据“Now more efforts...”可知，句子要用现在进行时，且主语more efforts与make之间是被动关系，要用被动语态，故填are being made。 31. This new order will mean ________ overtime. (work) 【答案】working 【详解】句意：这个新订单将意味着要加班工作。根据“This new order will mean”可知，此处是指新订单将意味着……，考查mean doing sth.“意味着做某事”，所以这里应用动名词形式working。故填working。 Ⅴ. Rewrite the sentences as required.（按要求改写句子，一格一词10%） 32. You have to wear a helmet when you ride a motorcycle. (改为否定句) You ________ ________ to wear a helmet when you ride a motorcycle 【答案】don’t have 【详解】句意：当你骑摩托车的时候，你必须戴头盔。句子谓语部分为“have to wear”，变为否定句时，要借助助动词don’t，后接动词原形。故填don’t；have。 33. Jill didn’t play the violin as well as Peter.（同义句转换） Jill ________ the violin ________ than Peter. 【答案】played worse 【详解】句意：Jill不如Peter拉小提琴好。根据“than Peter”可知，改写后的句子用比较级形式，原句中play是实义动词，时态是一般过去时，改写后时态不变，play的过去式是played；原句是否定的，改写后的句子表达“Jill比Peter拉小提琴更差”，比较级应该用worse。故填played；worse。 34. Nobody has to leave the party, ________ ________? (反意疑问句) 【答案】do they 【详解】句意：没有人必须离开聚会，是吗？根据“Nobody”可知，附加疑问句用肯定形式，当主语是“nobody”，“somebody”等不定代词时，反意疑问部分的主语通常用“they”代替； 陈述部分有“has to”，为实义动词，需借助助动词“do/does”。根据疑问部分的主语“they”可知，助动词填“do”。故填do；they。 35. It took her 5 minutes to finish doing morning exercises. (同义转换) She ________ 5 minutes ________ doing morning exercises. 【答案】spent finishing 【详解】句意：她花了5分钟完成晨练。spend some time doing sth.“花一些时间做某事”，句子时态为一般过去时。故填spent；finishing。 36. This box is twice as heavy as that one. (同义转换) This box is twice ________ ________ ________ that one. 【答案】the weight of 【详解】句意：这个箱子是那个箱子的两倍重。倍数+ as +形容词+ as…=倍数+ the size (length，amount…)+of…，倍数表达法，应填the weight of。故填the；weight；of。 Ⅵ. Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each word or phrase can only be used once.（将下列单词或词组填入空格，每词限填一次）4% A. throws away B. during C. picks up D. hopes E. special Everybody dreams. Some people think dreams can tell us about the future. Others think dreams tell us about ourselves. It’s like our brain is talking to us. Why are dreams often strange and hard to understand? Some people think our brain uses symbols (符号) to talk to us. When we fly, swim, or fall down in our dreams, it has a ____37____ meaning. Lots of doctors help people understand their dreams. They find the dreams tell us about our ____38____ and something we are afraid of. These days, many scientists believe that dreams are very important. We have many activities and our brain receives a lot of information ____39____ the day. When we dream, our brain ____40____ the information that is not important and puts the most important information into our memories. As we learn more about the brain, we may find the answers to our questions about dreams. 【答案】37. E 38. D 39. B 40. A 【导语】本文主要介绍了和做梦相关的信息。 【37题详解】 句意：当我们在梦中飞行、游泳或倒时，它有一种特殊意义。根据“it has a…meaning.”以及所给词可知，此处是指梦到某种东西时有特殊的意义，special“特别的”符合语境。故选E。 【38题详解】 句意：他们发现梦告诉我们我们的希望和我们害怕的事情。根据“the dreams tell us about our…and something we are afraid of.”以及所给词可知，此处是指梦告诉我们的希望以及我们害怕的事情，hopes“希望”符合语境。故选D。 【39题详解】 句意：我们有很多活动，我们的大脑在一天中接收到很多信息。根据“the day”以及所给词可知，此处是指在一天之中，during“在……期间”符合语境。故选B。 【40题详解】 句意：当我们做梦时，我们的大脑会扔掉不重要的信息，把最重要的信息放进我们的记忆中。根据“our brain…the information that is not important”以及所给词可知，此处是指扔掉不重要的信息，throws away“扔掉”符合语境。故选A。 Ⅵ. 翻译 4’ 41. 寓言是一则教授道理的短故事。 A fable is ______________________________________. 【答案】a short story that teaches a lesson 【详解】根据中英文可知，空处填“一则教授道理的短故事”。一则短故事：a short story；教授道理：teach a lesson；一则教授道理的短故事：a short story that teaches a lesson，故填a short story that teaches a lesson。 42. 是什么让她和别人不同？ ______________________________________. 【答案】What makes her different from others? 【详解】what“什么”，作主语；make“使，让”，动词作谓语；her“她”，代词宾格作宾语；different from“与……不同”；others“其他人”。时态是一般现在时，主要是单数第三人称，谓语动词用单三形式makes；故填What makes her different from others? 43. 他是古今最伟大的作曲家之一。 He was ______________________________________. 【答案】one of the greatest composers of all time 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数表示“……最……之一”；greatest“最伟大的”；composer“作曲家”；of all time表示“有史以来”。故填one of the greatest composers of all time。 44. 谈论我的同学们的优点。 Talk about ______________________________________. 【答案】the strengths of my classmates 【详解】the strength“优点”，此处应用复数形式，表示概数概念；of“……的”；my classmates“我的同学们”。故填the strengths of my classmates。 Part Three Reading Ⅰ. Choose the best answer:（5%） First time dog owners may meet many problems and get to know how to train their pets. Sometimes a puppy, or even an older dog, will chew their fingers or bite them. Even in play, this can really hurt. Unfortunately, many pet owners tolerate this in a young dog. However, when the dog gets larger, it is not fun to be bitten by it. Training a dog never to place his teeth on human skin or clothing is an important lesson. From now on, if you feel your dog’s teeth while you are playing with him, say “Ouch” in a loud voice and move away from him. He will soon learn that when he bites, you will not play with him any more. Many people have another bad habit. They tend to allow their pets to bite and hold on to clothing. Don’t let your dog do this to you. When he does something you want him to do, praise him and tell him he’s a good dog. You can also give him a treated at the same time he performs the good behavior. Eventually he will learn which kind of behavior is acceptable and which is not. Remember that reward is more effective than punishment. If you reward your dog when he does what you want him to, he will become very well-behaved. Also remember that puppies need to chew on something. So give him a tied stocking or an old shoe. If he chews the wrong thing, take it away while saying “No” and give him something he can chew. If dogs are trained well, they will truly be your friends for a lifetime. 45. It is important for pet owners to train dogs ________. A. not to place their teeth on human skin B. not to chew an old shoe. C. to know how to play with another dog D. to put their teeth on clothing 46. According to the passage, many people may tend to ________. A. never play with their dogs B. be too rough to their dogs C. never give their dogs treats D. allow their dogs to behave badly 47. The author thinks that a better way to train a dog is to ________. A. punish him for any mistake he has made B. praise him for his good behavior C. let him do anything he likes D. never give him anything to chew 48. The underlined word “reward” in second paragraph means “________” A. return B. reply C. award D. advice 49. Which is the best title of the passage? A. Some tips for puppies B. How to train a dog C. To be a good owner D. Dogs are our friends 【答案】45. A 46. D 47. B 48. C 49. B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了如何训练狗狗，特别是如何纠正狗狗咬人和咬衣服的坏习惯，并强调了奖励比惩罚更有效。 【45题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Training a dog never to place his teeth on human skin or clothing is an important lesson.”可知，训练狗狗不要咬人或衣服是重要的。故选A。 【46题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Many people have another bad habit. They tend to allow their pets to bite and hold on to clothing.”可知，许多人允许他们的狗狗行为不好。故选D。 【47题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Remember that reward is more effective than punishment. If you reward your dog when he does what you want him to, he will become very well-behaved.”可知，作者认为奖励狗狗的好行为是更好的训练方式。故选B。 【48题详解】 词句猜测题。根据“Remember that reward is more effective than punishment. If you reward your dog when he does what you want him to, he will become very well-behaved.”可是，如果你在狗做你想让它做的事情时奖励它，它会变得非常乖巧，所以可推知，奖励比惩罚更有效，划线部分的含义是“奖励”。故选C。 【49题详解】 最佳标题题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了如何训练狗狗，特别是如何纠正狗狗咬人和咬衣服的坏习惯，并强调了奖励比惩罚更有效，B项符合。故选B。 Ⅱ. Choose the best words and complete the passage:（8%） Be What’s Missing Where was that cashier? Impatient, I quickly looked at my watch. I hardly had enough time to eat a sandwich and rush back to work. I looked around the nearly empty ___50___ , but the cashier was nowhere in sight. A woman stood wiping (擦) the far end of the counter. She looked at me coldly with sad, dark eyes. I ___51___ , getting angry. I’d been standing there for at least three minutes! Controlling my anger, I remembered Mom’s words. “Whenever you find yourself in an unpleasant situation, just think about what is missing. If someone is unkind, then kindness is missing. If someone is hateful, then ___52___ is missing. If we will be what’s missing, then we’ll provide whatever the situation needs.” And here I was in an unpleasant situation. How should I “be what’s missing”? What was missing was ___53___ . Maybe I should just jump behind the counter and take my own order. Just then the woman walked slowly towards me. “May I help you?” she asked, still ___54___ . She looked so tired. No doubt, she was overworked. I took a deep breath. With Mom’s words ringing in my head, I gave the woman my order…and smiled. “How are you today?” My question seemed to ___55___ her. She eyed me for a second before answering. “Not too good.” “I’m sorry.” I said. “I hope it gets better starting right now.” She almost smiled as she looked at me. “Thanks. I hope you’re right.” I thought to myself as I ate my sandwich. We’re all the same, really. We have problems and angers, we get tired and we hurt. We need to be ___56___ to each other. After eating, I wiped the table cleaner than usual, and put the tray (托盘) back nicely on the stand. The woman was watching me, a big smile on her face. “Be what’s missing.” It ___57___. 50. A. restaurant B. street C. school D. office 51. A. agreed B. finished C. waited D. left 52. A. trust B. love C. patience D. confidence 53. A. hope B. advice C. money D. service 54. A. nervously B. carefully C. coldly D. kindly 55. A. disappoint B. hurt C. trouble D. surprise 56. A. nicer B. cooler C. closer D. fairer 57. A. said B. worked C. read D. ended 【答案】50. A 51. C 52. B 53. D 54. C 55. D 56. A 57. B 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者在快餐店吃饭时，因为迟迟没有人点单而生气，但是想到了妈妈的话他决定对别人友善一些。他认为我们每个人都是一样的，有烦恼会生气，会累也会受伤，因此我们需要更友善地对待他人。 【50题详解】 句意：我环顾几乎空无一人的餐厅，但收银员却不见踪影。 restaurant餐厅；street街道；school学校；office办公室。根据上文“I hardly had enough time to eat a sandwich and rush back to work.”可推断出作者需要出来吃点东西，然后回去工作，应是环顾餐厅。故选A。 【51题详解】 句意：我等待着，开始生气了。 agreed同意；finished完成；waited等待；left离开。根据“ I’d been standing there for at least three minutes!”可知，作者是在等待服务员的出现。故选C。 【52题详解】 句意：如果某人充满仇恨，那么缺失的是爱。 trust相信；love爱；patience耐心；confidence自信心。根据前文“If someone is unkind, then kindness is missing.”可知unkind和kindness为对应关系，结合空前“If someone is hateful”与hateful对应的词为love，故选B。 【53题详解】 句意：缺失的是服务。 hope希望；advice建议；money钱；service 服务。根据空后“Maybe I should just jump behind the counter and take my own order.”可推知此处指的是服务。故选D。 【54题详解】 句意：“需要帮忙吗？”她问道，仍然冷冷地。 nervously紧张地；carefully仔细地；coldly冷漠地；kindly友善地。根据上文“She looked at me coldly with sad, dark eyes.”可知，此处是coldly的同词复现，对应空格前的“still”，意思是她仍然冷漠地问。故选C。 【55题详解】 句意：我的问题似乎让她感到惊讶。 disappoint使失望；hurt使受伤；trouble使烦恼；surprise使惊讶。根据后文“She eyed me for a second before answering.”可推知作者的问题似乎使她惊讶。故选D。 【56题详解】 句意：我们需要对彼此更友善。 nicer更友善的；cooler更冷漠的；closer更近的；fairer更公正的。根据前文“We’re all the same, really. We have problems and angers, we get tired and we hurt.”可推知需要对彼此更友善。故选A。 【57题详解】 句意：“成为缺失的东西。”它奏效了。 said说；worked工作，奏效；read阅读；ended结束。根据“The woman was watching me, a big smile on her face.”可推知作者以善良应对冷漠，最终奏效了。故选B。 Ⅲ. Fill in the blanks:7% The warm weather outside may look perfect for outdoor exercise. But for those who are not that sporty, what could be nicer than having a r____58____ afternoon tea with a few good friends and break from studying? The concept of “afternoon tea” first a____59____ in the UK in the mid-19th century. It was introduced in England by Anna Maria Russell, the seventh Duchess of Bedford. The evening meal in her household was normally served fashionably late in 8 pm, but she felt hungry at 4 pm every day, so she started asking for a tea tray with butter, bread and cakes at that time. Several days later, she found her new habit d____60____ to break and soon invited her friends to join her. This pause for tea quickly became a fashionable social event. During the 1880s, upper class and society women would change into long dress, gloves and hats for their afternoon tea. Traditional afternoon tea, typically served between 4 pm and 6 pm, is technically a small meal, not a drink. It c____61____ of a selection of sandwiches, freshly baked scones served with cream and fruit jam, pastries and cakes. Of course, tea or coffee, served with milk and sugar, is also provided. By definition, afternoon tea is a dainty meal. So, when you drink you tea, take small sips rather than “glugging” it down. There’s a definite order to taking tea, but the actual drinking of tea can take p____62____ throughout the “meal”. Similarly, the food served should be enjoyed in a certain order as well. Sandwiches are e____63____ first, followed by scones, then the sweet snacks such as cakes and pastries. It is also a social activity. As you can see the scene in the TV play—“Downtown Abbey”, ladies wear pretty clothing, men are dressed neatly and the waiters are well trained and polite. Nowadays, you can enjoy a traditional yet fancy afternoon tea with pot-brewed tea and delicate snacks in many r____64____ and hotels. It is also enjoyed to celebrate a special event such as a birthday, a pre-wedding or baby shower party with a group of friends. So far, afternoon tea activities have become far beyond friends gathering together and eating. It has been a part of the traditional culture as well as a fashion for Britain. 【答案】58.relaxing 59.appeared 60.difficult 61.consists 62. place 63. eaten 64. restaurants 【导语】本文主要讲述了英国下午茶的由来以及兴起。 【58题详解】 句意：但对于那些不太喜欢运动的人来说，还有什么比和几个好朋友一起喝一杯轻松的下午茶，休息一下学习更好的呢？根据“But for those who are not that sporty, what could be nicer than having a…afternoon tea with a few good friends and break from studying?”以及首字母提示可知，此处指喝一杯轻松的下午茶，应用形容词relaxing“令人放松的”修饰“afternoon tea”。故填(r)elaxing。 【59题详解】 句意：“下午茶”的概念最早出现在19世纪中叶的英国。根据下文“It was introduced in England by Anna Maria Russell, the seventh Duchess of Bedford”并结合首字母提示可知，此处指“下午茶”的概念最早出现在英国，appear“出现”，句子时态为一般过去时，谓语动词应用过去式。故填(a)ppeared。 【60题详解】 句意：几天后，她发现自己的新习惯很难改掉，很快邀请朋友们加入她。根据“soon invited her friends to join her”并结合首字母提示可知，邀请朋友们加入她，应是发现新习惯很难改掉，difficult“困难的”，形容词作宾语补足语。故填(d)ifficult。 【61题详解】 句意：它包括精选的三明治、新鲜出炉的烤饼配上奶油和果酱、糕点和蛋糕。根据“It…of a selection of sandwiches, freshly baked scones served with cream and fruit jam, pastries and cakes.”以及首字母提示可知，此处指下午茶包括的东西，consist of“包括”，句子时态为一般现在时，主语为“It”，谓语动词用三单形式。故填(c)onsists。 【62题详解】 句意：喝茶有明确的顺序，但实际喝茶可以在整个“用餐”过程中进行。根据“drinking of tea can take…throughout the ‘meal’”以及首字母提示可知，此处指喝茶可以在整个“用餐”过程中进行，take place“进行”，是固定词组。故填(p)lace。 【63题详解】 句意：先吃三明治，然后是烤饼，然后是蛋糕和糕点等甜食。根据“Sandwiches are…first”以及首字母提示可知，此处指先吃三明治，eat“吃”，此处用过去分词形式，与“are”构成被动语态。故填(e)aten。 【64题详解】 句意：如今，你可以在许多餐厅和酒店享用传统而别致的下午茶，包括壶泡茶和精致小吃。根据“Nowadays, you can enjoy a traditional yet fancy afternoon tea with pot-brewed tea and delicate snacks in many…and hotels.”以及首字母提示可知，此处指享用下午茶的地点，指许多餐厅和酒店，restaurant“餐厅”，可数名词；空前为many“很多”，修饰可数名词复数。故填(r)estaurants。 Ⅳ. Answer the questions.5% When was the last time you left home without your mobile phone? Can you imagine yourself living a month, or even a year without checking your mobile phone from time to time? As a busy modern person with lots of social connections, plans and responsibilities, I just cannot afford to not be in touch with the rest of the world. Staying connected to other people is a big part of my life. However, sometimes it can be bothersome. One day I discovered I was terribly tired out. I tried turning notifications off. But the fear of missing out something important made me check the phone more often than before. So, I simply stopped using my phone. Well, to tell the truth, it was not simple at all. For the first couple of days, I had a big fear that all of my friends would soon forget about me. When I had a free moment, I had no idea what to get myself distracted with, and the worries mixed with boredom kept bothering me. However, after three weeks without a mobile phone, I started noticing changes—changes which I liked, and which drove me to not just continue the experiment, but in fact to reorganize some of my habits. First of all, I noticed that I became much more focused. Before, while doing something, I would often find myself wondering what was going on online. After a month of staying away from my mobile phone, I found that the urge was already not that strong and that my ability to focus improved. I discovered that the world is a beautiful place. Before, I would look at it through my camera mostly: take a photo, post it, get some likes. Now, I saw beautiful people walking around and I sensed the seasons change. I could understand the actual beauty of the world, and I did not need anyone else to prove the value of this beauty through likes or shares. Now, as 100 days have passed, I can say that the experiment was worth it. I am planning to stay away from my phone for as long as possible. 65. What made the writer check the phone more often than before? _________________________________ 66. When did the writer start noticing his changes? _________________________________ 67. What does the writer plan to do with his phone after the experiment? _________________________________ 68. Would you like to follow the writer’s example? Why or why not? _________________________________ 【答案】65. The fear of missing out something important. 66. After three weeks without a mobile phone. 67. The writer plans to stay away from his phone for as long as possible. 68. Yes. My phone often makes me distracted. Without it, I can concentrate better and enjoy the real life more./No. My phone is very important for talking with my family and friends. And I need it to study. So I can’t live without it. 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者100天不使用手机的经历，一开始不使用手机会让人很焦虑，但是三周后发生了很多可喜的变化，作者注意力更集中，可以更好地发现这个世界的美。 【65题详解】 根据“But the fear of missing out something important made me check the phone more often than before.” 可知，作者尝试关掉手机通知后，由于担心错过重要的事情，反而比以前更频繁地查看手机，故填The fear of missing out something important. 【66题详解】 根据“However, after three weeks without a mobile phone, I started noticing changes—changes which I liked, and which drove me to not just continue the experiment, but in fact to reorganize some of my habits.” 可知，在作者不用手机三周后，他开始注意到一些变化，故填After three weeks without a mobile phone. 【67题详解】 根据“Now, as 100 days have passed, I can say that the experiment was worth it. I am planning to stay away from my phone for as long as possible.”，在 100 天过去后，作者认为这次实验是值得的，并且计划尽可能长时间地远离手机，故填The writer plans to stay away from his phone for as long as possible. 【68题详解】 本题是一个开放性试题，答案言之有理即可。示例一：Yes. My phone often makes me distracted. Without it, I can concentrate better and enjoy the real life more. 示例二：No. My phone is very important for talking with my family and friends. And I need it to study. So I can’t live without it. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $