2026年人教版（2012）英语中考复习 被动语态课件

王子秦 被动语态 Passive voice 目录 5 6 7 8 被动语态构成 过去分词 句式结构 各时态的被动语态 1 2 3 4 被动语态的用法 主动语态变被动语态 主动结构表被动意义 不用被动语态的情况 First Blood 一血 Double Kill 双杀 Triple Kill 三杀 Quadra Kill 四杀 Unstoppable 无人能当 Godlike 横扫千军 Victory 胜利 defeat 失败 ACE 团灭 executed 被处决 Fabulous 极好的 Marvelous 非凡的 Nice assisting 漂亮的辅助 Your team has reclaimed the crucial kill . 关键抢龙 reclaim 回收； crucial 关键的 You have destroyed a turet. /tɜːrət/ 你摧毁了一个防御塔。 Your turret has been destroyed. 你的防御塔被摧毁了。 You have slain an enemy. 你击杀了一个敌人。 You have been slain. 你被击杀。 语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明句中主语和谓语动词的关系。 如果主语是动作的执行者，则使用主动语态； Many people speak English.（主动语态） 如果主语是动作的承受者，则使用被动语态。 English is spoken by many people.（被动语态） 什么是语态？ 两种情况 一. 被动语态的构成 被动语态是由“be+动词的过去分词”构成的。 二. 过去分词 什么是过去分词？它和过去式有什么区别？ 即 be done 动词过去式变化规则 1.一般情况，加-ed。 work---worked---worked 2. 以不发音字母e结尾, 加 - d。 live---lived ---lived 3.辅音字母 + y结尾，y 变 i, 加 -ed。 cry---cried---cried 4.辅元辅结构，双写后加-ed。drop---dropped---dropped 规则动词的过去式变化 情况 规律 例词 词尾s读音 重读闭音节结尾的单词，末尾只有一个 辅音字母 一般情况 以e字母结尾的 辅音 以辅音字母＋y 结尾 +ed +d 变y为i ＋ed 双写词尾字母+ed visit→visited listen→ listened live→ lived dance→ danced study→studied carry→carried 清辅音后读/t/ 浊辅音，元音后读/d/ (清则清，浊则浊) t,d后面读/id/ stop→ stopped plan→planned 动词过去分词变化规则 1.一般情况，加-ed。 work---worked---worked 2. 以不发音字母e结尾, 加 - d。 live---lived ---lived 3.辅音字母 + y结尾，y 变 i, 加 -ed。 cry---cried---cried 4.辅元辅结构，双写后加-ed。drop---dropped---dropped 规则动词的过去分词变化 情况 规律 例词 词尾s读音 重读闭音节结尾的单词，末尾只有一个 辅音字母 一般情况 以e字母结尾的 辅音 以辅音字母＋y 结尾 +ed +d 变y为i ＋ed 双写词尾字母+ed visit→visited listen→ listened live→ lived dance→ danced study→studied carry→carried 清辅音后读/t/ 浊辅音，元音后读/d/ (清则清，浊则浊) t,d后面读/id/ stop→ stopped plan→planned 原形-过去式-过去分词 男人-女装大佬-金星 我们打个比方： 动词原型与过去式的相同点和不同点？ 男人与女装大佬的相同点和不同点？ 相同点：都是男人；都能充当谓语 不同点：形式不同 既 过去式与过去分词的相同点和不同点？ 女装大佬与金星的相同点和不同点？ 相同点：都穿女人衣服，外表一致， 既他们的构成规则是一样的。 不同点：过去式能作谓语，过去分词不能 既 过去式和过去分词就像 形状相似，但本质不同 1.I often the question by my students． 我的学生经常问我这个问题。 2. These days people by a brave soldier． 现在人们被一个勇敢的士兵感动了。 3. The spaceship mainly by computers． 宇宙飞船主要由计算机控制。 4.You to take photos in the museum． 博物馆禁止拍照。 5.Most of the earth’s surface by water． 地球表面大部分被水覆盖。 演 练 am asked are moved is controlled are not allowed is covered 肯定句： 主语+ be+ 过去分词 +（by…） 否定句： 主语+ be not +过去分词 +（by…） 一般疑问句：Be + 主语+过去分词+ （by…）？ 特殊疑问句：疑问词+ be+主语 +过去分词+ （by…）？ 三. 被动语态的句式结构 I am invited to the party (by him). I am not invited to the party (by him). Are you invited to the party ？ Why are you invited to the party(by him)？ 翻译：我被他邀请去派对。（用一般现在时） 肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句 四、各种时态的主动、被动语态的结构 时态 主动语态(谓语) 被动语态(谓语) We clean the classroom. The classroom is cleaned by us. 一般过去时 He made the kite. The kite was made by him. 一般现在时 do/does did be+done be (am/is/are)+done be +done be (was/were)+done 现在进行时 She is watering the flowers. The flowers are being watered by her. be(am/is/are)+doing 时态 主动语态(谓语) 被动语态(谓语) be+being done be+doing be(am/is/are)+being done 助记： am/is/are+ being+ done being+ being是 be动词的 现在分词 即doing 现在进行时 被动语态 现在进行时的被动语态 am/is/are+ be用am/is/are She was writing a letter this time yesterday. A letter was being written by her this time yesterday. 过去进行时 be(was/were)+doing be(was/were)+being done 时态 主动语态(谓语) 被动语态(谓语) 助记： was/were+ being+ done being+ 过去进行时 被动语态 过去进行时的被动语态 was/were+ be用was/were They will plant trees tomorrow. Trees will be planted by them tomorrow. 一般将来时(句式①) will do 时态 主动语态(谓语) 被动语态(谓语) will be done 助记： will+ be+ done be+ 一般将来时 被动语态 一般将来时的被动语态 will+ be going to do I am going to make a robot. A robot is going to be made by me. 时态 主动语态(谓语) 被动语态(谓语) 一般将来时(句式②) be going to be done be(am/is/are) going to do be(am/is/are) going to be done 助记： be going to+ be+ done be+ 一般将来时 被动语态 一般将来时的被动语态 be going to+ be用am/is/are 现在完成时 Jim has finished the work. The work has been finished by Jim. 时态 主动语态(谓语) 被动语态(谓语) have/has+done have/has+been done 助记： have/has+ been+ done been+ been是 be动词的 过去分词 即done 现在完成时 被动语态 现在完成时的被动语态 have/has+ 过去完成时 Jim had finished the work by last week. The work had been finished by Jim by last week. had+done had + been done 时态 主动语态(谓语) 被动语态(谓语) 助记： had+ been+ done been+ been是 be动词的 过去分词 过去完成时 被动语态 过去完成时的被动语态 had+ He said he would make a kite. He said a kite would be made by him. 过去将来时(句式①) 时态 主动语态(谓语) 被动语态(谓语) would do would be done 助记： would+ be+ done be+ 过去将来时 被动语态 过去将来时的被动语态 would+ be(was，were) going to do She said she was going to visit a friend. She said a friend was going to be visited by her. 时态 主动语态(谓语) 被动语态(谓语) be(was，were) going to be done be going to do 过去将来时(句式②) be going to be done 助记： was/were going to+ be+ done be+ 过去将来时 被动语态 过去将来时的被动语态 was/were going to+ be用was/were can/may/must...+do I must finish my homework. My homework must be finished by me. 含情态动词 主动语态(谓语) 被动语态(谓语) can/may/must/...+be done 助记： 情态动词+ be+ done be+ 情态动词+be动词原形 被动语态 含有情态动词的被动语态 情态动词+ 1.用括号中动词的适当形式填空 1.English ______________ (speak) here. 2.The song ________________ (like) by us all twenty years ago. 3.The pictures __________________ (take) by Jack tomorrow. 4.The computer ________________ (can use) in the room. 5.The room ___________________ (paint) now. 6.That clock __________ (call) Big Ben. 7.She __________________________(laugh) by her classmates recently. 8.What language __________ (speak) in your country? 9.School football games ______usually _______ (hold) on Friday evenings. 10.The film __________________(show) again sometime next week. is spoken was liked will be taken can be used is being painted is called has been laughed at is spoken are will be shown held 演 练 四、被动语态的用法 1.不知道动作的执行者是谁。 This watch is made in China. 这块手表是在中国制造的。 2.没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。 在被动语态中,主语是动作的承受者,主要用于下列几种: Many trees must be planted every year.每年必须种许多树。 Many houses were washed away by the flood. 多房屋被洪水冲走了。 4.句子的主语是动作的承受者。 3.需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。 Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world. 世界上越来越多的人说汉语。(强调汉语的广泛使用) 六.主动语态变为被动语态 宾变主，主变状，谓语变be done 步骤一：原句中的宾语变成主语。 步骤二：谓语动词改为被动形式。 步骤三：原句中的主语放在介词的后面。 步骤四：其他成分不变。 1.主动语态变为被动语态 by+宾语 表示方式，即方式状语 1.The naughty boy broke the window yesterday.(变成被动语态) 被动句：昨天这扇窗户被这个淘气的男孩打破了。 主语 宾语 谓语 状语 主动句：昨天这个淘气的男孩打破了这扇窗户。 yesterday. by the naughty boy was broken The window The room 2. He sold some of the fish yesterday.(变成被动语态) Some of the fish 3. They don’t use the room.(变成被动语态) 主语 宾语 谓语 状语 主语 宾语 谓语 were sold by him yesterday. is not used by them. Where was that dress made ( by you )? 4. Did Tom use it? (变成被动语态) Was it used by Tom? 5.Where did you make that dress?(变成被动语态) 主语 宾语 谓语 主语 宾语 谓语 1. She saved the lives of the children. . 2. The villagers didn't find the lost girl at last. . 3. Do you clean up your room every week? ? 4. When did Franklin discover the electricity? ? 演 练 The lives of the children were saved by her Is your room cleaned up by you every week The lost girl wasn’t found by the villagers at last When was the eletricity discovered by Franklin 2.带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态 语动词带双宾语时, 既可以将间接宾语转化成主语, 也可以将直接宾语转化成主语。 a.若将间接宾语转化成主语,则保留直接宾语; b.若将直接宾语转化成主语,则保留间接宾语,且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for. (直接宾语 a book转变为主语) She gave me a book. I was given a book by her. 主语 直接宾语 谓语 A book was given to me by her. 间接宾语 (间接宾语me转变为主语) My friend sent me a card. (me变为主语） . (card为主语） . 演 练 I was sent a card by my friend A card was sent to me by my friend 由不及物动词和介词、副词构成的动词短语,相当于及物动词,可以有宾语,也可以有被动语态。但是动词短语是一个不可分割的整体,在变为被动语态时,不可丢掉构成动词短语的介词或副词。 3.动词短语变为被动语态 The old should be spoken to politely.(to不可省略) 宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。变被动语态时只把宾语变为被动句的主语,宾语补足语保留在原处,成为主语补足语。 4.带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态 I heard Jane playing the piano in her room.(变成被动语态) in her room 主语 宾语补足语 谓语 宾语 Jane was heard playing piano 1. I saw him playing football when I passed.（变成被动语态） . 2. Jim asked me to go for a walk. . 演 练 He was seen playing football by me when I passed I was asked to go for a walk by Jim by me. 主动句中在感官动词see、hear、 watch、 feel、notice等以及使役动词 let、make、have等后跟省略to的不定式,变为被动句时,应加上不定式符号to. 5.被动语态后动词形式的选择 He makes the girl stay at hone.(变成被动语态) by him. 主语 宾语补足语 谓语 宾语 The girl is made to stay at home I often heard Bob read in the study.(变成被动语态) . 演 练 Bob was often heard to read in the study by me 七. 主动结构表被动意义 1.open、lock、write、read、 sell、clean、wash、cut、drive等词作不及物动词且它们的主语为物时,可用主动语态表被动意义。 This pen writes very smoothly. 这支钢笔写起来很流畅。 2.look, sound, taste, smell等系动词用主动结构表被动意义。 Uniforms look ugly on us. 我们穿着制服看起来很丑。 Moon cakes taste delicious. 月饼尝起来很美味。 3.want/ need/require+ doing My bike needs repairing. to be done表示不定式的被动结构。 want/need/ require+to be done My bike needs to be repaired. = = 我的自行车需要修理。 1.This kind of drink strange. 这种饮料尝起来味道很怪。 2.Our teacher younger than she is. 我们老师看起来比实际年龄小。 3.The book well. 这本书很畅销。 4.An accident near here yesterday. 昨天这附近发生了一起事故。 5.Great changes in our city in the past few years. 在过去的几年时间里，我们城市发生了很大的变化。 6.Your room cleaning. = Your room . 你的房间需要打扫了。 7.The movie by everyone. 这部电影值得所有人看一看。 tastes looks sells happened have taken place needs is worth watching 演 练 needs to be cleaned 八、不用被动语态的情况 1.当主动句的宾语是 each other或反身代词时,不能变为被动语态。 The man introduced himself as Mr. White. (主动语态) 那个人说自己是怀特先生。 Himself was introduced as Mr White. (错误) They help each other study English. (主动语态) 他们互相帮助学习英语。 Each other is helped to study English. (错误) 2.当主动句的宾语是不定式或 doing时,不能变为被语态。 My brother enjoys watching TV. (主动语态)我弟弟喜欢看电视。 Watching TV is enjoyed by my brother. (错误) He asked to have a try. (主动语态)他请求试一试。 To have a try was asked by him. (错误) 变换句型 1.Many people visited Nara. Nara __________ __________ by many people. 2.Miss Ding teaches us English. English __________ __________ by Miss Ding. 3.We call her Grace. She __________ __________ Grace. 4.When did they make these cars? When __________ these cars made? 5.My uncle gave me some English books. Some English books __________ __________ to me by my uncle. I __________ __________ some English books by my uncle. 6.People called him “clever” Hans. He __________ __________ __________ __________. was visited is called were were given was given was called “clever” Hans is taught 演 练 $