2026届高考英语必胜卷（北京专用）

2026届高考英语必胜卷（北京专用） （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：100分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项涂黑。 One morning I was running late for a meeting, and I passed a friend in the hallway. My friend 1 me,“How are you doing?” But I didn’t give the 2 response “Good, how about you?” I started to complain about the traffic, poor visibility in the rain and everything else about my 3 trip. Instead of sympathy, he asked me a question,“How do you know if the powers of fate (命运) didn’t create those roadblocks?” The 4 was that I might be just spared something much worse than being late to a meeting. I gave a 5 smile and walked on. But over the next few days the more thought about his question, the more wisdom I was able to see in it. I remembered the times when 6 kept me from accidents on the same roads I was traveling on. The most memorable 7 was a white-out snowstorm. We were forced to take a slower route which was very frustrating. Later, we heard that a family of four, just like ours, was killed by a truck on the highway we had planned on taking. As this and other memories came to mind, I 8 that it can be easy to be so focused on an outcome and being on schedule that better possibilities are not considered. Ever since then, I have become more relaxed. I have lost weight, my blood pressure has 9 , and I feel less stressed. It may or may not be happening every moment of every day, but keeping my friend’s question in mind puts me more at ease and has 10 my life. 1．A．greeted B．questioned C．advised D．consulted 2．A．honest B．expected C．detailed D．public 3．A．stressful B．lonely C．exciting D．lucky 4．A．impression B．lesson C．inference D．reason 5．A．helpless B．hearty C．nervous D．bitter 6．A．crowds B．meetings C．delays D．dangers 7．A．sight B．example C．dream D．feeling 8．A．realized B．explained C．considered D．approved 9．A．built up B．turned back C．gone down D．taken off 10．A．defended B．spared C．cost D．improved 【答案】 1．A 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．D 6．C 7．B 8．A 9．C 10．D 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者一次因赶会议迟到，在走廊向朋友抱怨行程不顺，朋友的一个关于命运阻碍的问题引发作者深思，作者回忆起过往因延误躲过灾祸的经历，从此心态变得更放松，生活也得到改善的故事。 1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的朋友跟我打招呼，“你过得怎么样？”。A. greeted打招呼；B. questioned询问；C. advised建议；D. consulted咨询。根据前文“One morning I was running late for a meeting, and I passed a friend in the hallway.(一天早上我开会要迟到了，在走廊里遇到了一位朋友。)”以及后文朋友的话“How are you doing?(你过得怎么样？)”可知，两人偶遇，朋友用常用问候语打招呼。故选A。 2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我没有给出人们预期的回应“很好，你呢？”。A. honest诚实的；B. expected预期的；C. detailed详细的；D. public公开的。根据后文“I started to complain about the traffic, poor visibility in the rain and everything else(我开始抱怨交通、雨中的低能见度以及其他所有事情)”可知，作者没有给出人们见面问候时通常预期的积极回应，而是开始抱怨。故选B。 3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我开始抱怨交通、雨中的低能见度以及我这段令人有压力的行程中的其他所有事情。A. stressful有压力的；B. lonely孤独的；C. exciting令人兴奋的；D. lucky幸运的。根据前文“running late for a meeting(开会要迟到了)”以及“complain about the traffic, poor visibility in the rain(抱怨交通、雨中的低能见度)”可知，这段行程让人很有压力。故选A。 4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：由此可推断，我可能只是躲过了比开会迟到糟糕得多的事情。A. impression印象；B. lesson教训；C. inference推断；D. reason原因。根据前文朋友的问题“How do you know if the powers of fate didn’t create those roadblocks?(你怎么知道这不是命运的力量设置的那些阻碍呢？)”可知，朋友的问题引导作者得出的一个可能的推论或结论。故选C。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我苦涩地笑了笑，继续往前走。A. helpless无奈的；B. hearty热忱的；C. nervous紧张的；D. bitter苦涩的。根据前文“I started to complain about the traffic, poor visibility in the rain and everything else(我开始抱怨交通、雨中的低能见度以及其他所有事情)”以及朋友提出的问题“How do you know if the powers of fate didn’t create those roadblocks?(你怎么知道这不是命运的力量设置的那些阻碍呢？)”可知，作者正处于赶时间的烦躁中，面对朋友看似“不合时宜”的问题，内心满是苦涩，并非真心认同这句话。故选D。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想起了好几次，都是因为行程延误，我才在常走的路上躲过了事故。A. crowds人群；B. meetings会议；C. delays延误；D. dangers危险。根据前文“running late for a meeting(开会要迟到了)”以及“complain about the traffic, poor visibility in the rain(抱怨交通、雨中的低能见度)”中作者抱怨行程延误以及朋友提到的“How do you know if the powers of fate didn’t create those roadblocks?(你怎么知道这不是命运的力量设置的那些阻碍呢？)”，再结合后文“kept me from accidents(让我躲过了事故)”可知，此处指行程延误帮作者躲过事故。故选C。 7．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最难忘的例子是一场大暴风雪。A. sight景象；B. example例子；C. dream梦想；D. feeling感觉。根据前文“I remembered the times when ________ kept me from accidents(我想起了好几次，都是因为……，我才躲过了事故)”以及后文对“snowstorm(暴风雪)”的详细描述，可知这是一个具体例子。故选B。 8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着这些以及其他回忆涌上心头，我意识到，人们很容易过于关注结果和按时完成任务，而忽略了更好的可能性。A. realized意识到；B. explained解释；C. considered考虑；D. approved赞成。根据前文回忆的因延误躲过灾祸的经历，结合后文“it can be easy to be so focused on an outcome and being on schedule that better possibilities are not considered.(人们很容易过于关注结果和按时完成任务，而忽略了更好的可能性。)”可知，这是作者通过回忆得出的感悟。故选A。 9．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我体重减轻了，血压也下降了，压力也小了很多。A. built up增强；B. turned back返回；C. gone down下降；D. taken off起飞。根据前文“Ever since then, I have become more relaxed.(从那以后，我变得更放松了。)”以及“feel less stressed(压力更小了)”可知，放松的状态让血压下降。故选C。 10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然可能不是每时每刻都这样，但记住朋友的问题让我更安心，也改善了我的生活。A. defended保卫；B. spared节省；C. cost花费；D. improved改善。根据前文“I have lost weight, my blood pressure has ____9____, and I feel less stressed.(我体重减轻了，血压……了，压力也小了很多。)”可知，作者的生活状况变好了，生活得到了改善。故选D。 第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分,共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A Not long ago, my daughter’s shoes 11 (damage) with a knife. She burst into tears. I took them to the shoemaker’s. The man said he would add more scratches on both shoes as if the openings were made on purpose for a special style. I didn’t fully understand him, but I decided to leave the shoes. Two days later I dropped by from work 12 (collect) the shoes. I found more scratches on each shoe, but all the openings were patched by red leather and the stitches were twisted. The appearance looked 13 (interesting) than ever. 【答案】11．were damaged 12．to collect 13．more interesting 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了女儿的鞋被划伤，但经过鞋店的特殊处理后，看起来比以前更有趣了。 11．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：不久前，我女儿的鞋子被刀弄坏了。分析句子可知，damage(损坏)是句中谓语动词，与主语shoes之间是被动关系，句中有时间状语Not long ago，应使用一般过去时态，又因主语shoes是复数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用复数形式。综上，谓语应用一般过去时的被动语态，复数形式。故填were damaged。 12．考查非谓语动词。句意：两天后，我下班过来取鞋。根据句意，“取鞋”是“过来”的目的，用不定式作目的状语。故填to collect。 13．考查形容词比较级。句意：它的样子比以往任何时候都更有趣。根据句意和空格后介词than可知，应使用形容词比较级more interesting作表语，表示“更有趣”。故填more interesting。 B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The African penguin is expected to go extinct in the wild in just over a decade, given its current population decline. The main reason is a lack of food caused by disturbance to ocean conditions from global heating and 14 (compete) from the commercial fishing industry. According to a study, recently scientists 15 (identify) a possible additional cause, one that is an entirely new threat and that further 16 (prevent) the penguins from finding food: noise pollution from marine ships in a bay. 【答案】14．competition 15．have identified 16．prevents 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章分析了非洲企鹅数量的下降的原因。 14．考查名词。句意：主要原因是全球变暖对海洋环境的干扰和商业捕鱼业的竞争造成了食物短缺。分析句子可知，提示词与名词disturbance是并列关系，作介词宾语，用名词competition，意为“竞争”。故填competition。 15．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：根据一项研究，最近科学家们发现了一个可能的额外原因，这是一个全新的威胁，进一步阻止企鹅寻找食物：海湾中船舶的噪音污染。分析句子可知，identify(发现)是句中谓语动词，与主语scientists之间是主动关系，句中有时间状语recently，应使用现在完成时态，又因主语是复数名词，所以谓语动词也应使用复数形式。综上，谓语应用现在完成时主动语态，复数形式。故填have identified。 16．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：根据一项研究，最近科学家们发现了一个可能的额外原因，这是一个全新的威胁，进一步阻止企鹅寻找食物：海湾中船舶的噪音污染。分析句子可知，prevent(阻止)是定语从句中谓语动词，与关系代词that(即先行词one)之间是主动关系，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时态，又因主语是单数代词，所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。综上，谓语应用一般现在时主动语态，单数形式。故填prevents。 C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Crying is a natural response to emotions. Regardless of 17 causes the tears to flow, the physical reaction is usually the same with puffy cheeks and tight eyes 18 (lead) to streaming tears down one’s face. Despite its stigma (污名), crying can be an act 19 relieves tension and clears feelings of negativity and sadness. Crying can communicate our emotions to others and foster greater understanding and compassion. Ultimately, crying is a powerful tool we ought to use to free ourselves 20 negativity. 【答案】17．what 18．leading 19．which/that 20．from 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了哭泣的好处。 17．考查宾语从句。句意：不管什么原因导致眼泪流出来，身体上的反应通常都是一样的，面颊浮肿，眼睛紧绷，导致眼泪从脸上流下来。介词短语Regardless of后接宾语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，所以用连接代词what引导。故填what。 18．考查非谓语动词。句意：不管什么原因导致眼泪流出来，身体上的反应通常都是一样的，面颊浮肿，眼睛紧绷，导致眼泪从脸上流下来。“with +名词/代词（宾语）+非谓语动词（宾补）”with复合结构 ，该空非谓语动词作宾补，宾语puffy cheeks and tight eyes和lead to是主动关系，所以用现在分词形式。故填leading。 19．考查定语从句。句意：尽管哭泣是一种耻辱，但它可以是一种缓解紧张、清除消极和悲伤情绪的行为。句中先行词为act，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填which/that。 20．考查介词。句意：最终，哭泣是一种强大的工具，我们应该用它来摆脱消极情绪。free from免于；摆脱。故填from。 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题，每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A If you’re interested in pushing yourself academically while experiencing college life, our Summer Programs for Pre-College Students (SPP) can be ideal for you. In the programs, you will be able to make friends with fellow students, engage in social activities around the city and on campus, and experience pre-college summer study at one of the world’s top teaching and research universities. Our long-running summer term pre-college offerings include a choice of one-, two-, three-, and six-week programs that prepare you for success in college. With five exciting and challenging pre-college summer programs to choose from, you can earn college credit, discover a new subject area, perform cutting-edge research in university labs, or immerse yourself in hands-on learning. Academic life SPP invites you to join other highly motivated teens from 87 countries in our summer programs for high school students — and take the leap into college life and academics, which enables you to take on new academic challenges, explore a variety of interests and consider possible majors. You can take college courses alongside undergraduates either on campus or online. And you can also earn up to eight college credits by conducting in-depth STEM research with individual instructors or as part of a group project. Or, you can immerse yourself in a variety of stimulating noncredit seminars that blend lectures with experiential learning, discussions, and projects. Campus/Residence life Embracing college life is an exciting experience. Whether you live on campus or commute, you’ll get to know the ins and outs of college and city life. If you live on campus, you will stay in the residence hall, sharing a room and participating in dorm activities. There are typically two students per room and safety is our highest priority: residence halls have live-in university staff and 24-hour security. Resident program assistants provide guidance, coordinate and lead social activities, ranging from group activities that include comedy shows to field trips. Your hard work will be combined with social events and fun activities — and you’ll still have time for your own adventures on campus! Email the SPP office at sppoffice@mail.edu. 21．What does SPP aim to do? A．To help college students to achieve academic success. B．To provide admission guidelines for pre-college students. C．To get high school students well-prepared for college life. D．To encourage students to participate in hands-on learning. 22．What are students supposed to do to earn the required credits? A．Carry out STEM research. B．Attend various seminars. C．Finish the courses online. D．Join in experiential learning. 23．What can we know about students living on campus? A．They can organize social activities. B．They will have access to a single room. C．They are provided with good security. D．They are advised to direct comedy shows. 【答案】21．C 22．A 23．C 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了几个大学预科学生暑期课程(SPP)。 21．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Our long-running summer term pre-college offerings include a choice of one-, two-, three-, and six-week programs that prepare you for success in college.(我们长期的夏季学期大学预科课程包括一、二、三和六周的课程，为你在大学取得成功做好准备)”可知，SPP的目标是让高中生为大学生活做好充分准备。故选C。 22．细节理解题。根据Academic life部分的“And you can also earn up to eight college credits by conducting in-depth STEM research with individual instructors or as part of a group project.( 你还可以通过与个人导师或作为小组项目的一部分进行深入的STEM研究，获得最多8个大学学分)”可知，学生应该通过进行STEM研究来获得所需的学分。故选A。 23．细节理解题。根据Campus/Residence life部分的“There are typically two students per room and safety is our highest priority: residence halls have live-in university staff and 24-hour security.(每个房间通常住两名学生，安全是我们的首要任务：宿舍有住校工作人员和24小时保安)”可知，住在校园里的学生有很好的安全保障。故选C。 B Tearing up, sweating, nose running and other bodily functions are all signs when you’ re eating spicy foods. Yet, millions of people worldwide actively seek out this burning feeling. The explanation lies not in our sense of taste, but in our complex nervous system and psychology. The heat we perceive from chili peppers originates from capsaicin (辣椒素), a compound that acts as the plant’s chemical defense. It specifically targets TRPV1, a receptor (受体) present on nociceptors — the special nerve cells that detect potentially harmful factors, such as heat above 42℃. When activated, these cells trigger an instant alarm response, causing the body to react as if it’s been burned. This begs the question: why would we enjoy a feeling signaling potential danger? The enjoyment of spicy food is learned through adaptation of the nervous system. Initially,the brain misinterprets the capsaicin-caused heat as a potential threat, triggering an alarm-like response. Through repeated exposure, however, it receives consistent feedback indicating no actual tissue damage occurs. The feeling is gradually reassessed as safe and controllable,transforming the initial pain into a form of“benign masochism”. Much like the thrill of a roller coaster ride, the perceived danger — now under our command — becomes an internal part of the pleasure. Individual tolerance varies. Genetics can influence how sensitive one’s TRPV1 receptors are to capsaicin. More importantly, people can gradually build up a tolerance, essentially training their bodies and brains to handle higher levels of spiciness. The receptors themselves become less responsive over time, and the brain’s predictive system becomes more accurate. So, what can you do if the spice becomes overwhelming? Since capsaicin is fat- soluble,water is ineffective because it only spreads the compound. Dairy products like milk or yogurt are far better solutions — the fat and protein in them combine with the capsaicin and carry it away. 24．Why does eating chili peppers give people the burning feeling? A．Capsaicin briefly hurts taste buds. B．Chilli peppers bring potential danger. C．Capsaicin triggers the reaction of TRPV1. D．Chilli peppers raise the body’s temperature. 25．Which experience is most similar to enjoying spicy food? A．Listening to music. B．Smoking cigarettes. C．Exploring the Antarctic. D．Watching a horror film. 26．What does building a high spice tolerance involve? A．Conscious efforts. B．Genetic adaptation. C．Blocking spiciness signals. D．Keeping receptors from responding. 27．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Capsaicin’s Trick: A False Burning Alarm B．The Spice Lover’s Dilemma: Pleasure in Pain C．The Body’s Signal: Physical Reactions to Spice D．The Art of Endurance: Building Spice Tolerance 【答案】24．C 25．D 26．A 27．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文解释人们喜爱辣食的原因：辣椒素刺激神经产生灼烧感，经反复接触，大脑将其判定为可控刺激，转化为快感，还介绍了耐辣方法与解辣妙招。 24．细节理解题。根据第二段“The heat we perceive from chili peppers originates from capsaicin (辣椒素), a compound that acts as the plant’s chemical defense. It specifically targets TRPV1, a receptor (受体) present on nociceptors — the special nerve cells that detect potentially harmful factors, such as heat above 42℃.(我们从辣椒中感受到的热感源自辣椒素，这是一种植物的化学防御物质。它专门作用于TRPV1受体，该受体存在于伤害感受器（能够感知潜在有害因素，如超过42℃的高温）上)”可知，吃辣椒会让人们产生灼烧感是因为辣椒素会触发TRPV1受体的反应。故选C。 25．推理判断题。根据第三段“The feeling is gradually reassessed as safe and controllable, transforming the initial pain into a form of “benign masochism”. Much like the thrill of a roller coaster ride, the perceived danger — now under our command — becomes an internal part of the pleasure.(这种感觉逐渐被重新评估为安全且可控的，从而将最初的痛苦转化为一种“良性受虐狂”的体验。就像乘坐过山车时的刺激感一样，我们所感知到的危险——如今已处于我们的掌控之中——成为了愉悦的一部分)”可知，享受辣食的快感属于“良性受虐”——明知没有实际伤害，却因可控的“危险感”获得刺激，和看恐怖片的体验逻辑一致（恐惧但安全）。故选D。 26．细节理解题。根据第四段“Individual tolerance varies. Genetics can influence how sensitive one’s TRPV1 receptors are to capsaicin. More importantly, people can gradually build up a tolerance, essentially training their bodies and brains to handle higher levels of spiciness. The receptors themselves become less responsive over time, and the brain’s predictive system becomes more accurate.(每个人的耐受度都有所不同。遗传因素会影响人体TRPV1受体对辣椒素的敏感程度。更重要的是，人们能够逐渐形成耐受性，即通过训练让身体和大脑能够更好地应对更高的辣度。随着时间的推移，这些受体自身的反应会减弱，而大脑的预测系统也会变得更加准确)”可知，增强对辛辣食物的耐受能力需要积极主动的努力。故选A。 27．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Tearing up, sweating, nose running and other bodily functions are all signs when you’ re eating spicy foods. Yet, millions of people worldwide actively seek out this burning feeling. The explanation lies not in our sense of taste, but in our complex nervous system and psychology.(吃辛辣食物时，会出现流泪、出汗、流鼻涕等生理反应。然而，全球数以百万计的人却热衷于这种令人不适的感觉。其原因并非在于味觉，而是源于我们复杂的神经系统和心理状态)”结合本文解释人们喜爱辣食的原因：辣椒素刺激神经产生灼烧感，经反复接触，大脑将其判定为可控刺激，转化为快感，还介绍了耐辣方法与解辣妙招。可知，B选项“辣味爱好者面临的困境：在痛苦中寻求愉悦”最符合文章标题。故选B。 C As a Ph. D．student in a new country, lockdown and homesickness combined to leave me feeling lonely and desperate to meet people. To find the connections I was missing, I searched for opportunities that would involve teamwork as a volunteer on the Internet. A position matching graduate students with jobs drew my attention. It needed someone who would lead teams of graduate student volunteers to help bring in industry partners, and work with the university administration and student applicants. The chances to interact with all these different groups were appealing. I had no relevant experience and worried a disturbance to my study, but I still decided I might as well go for it and apply. The first few weeks in my new role were challenging. Along with my routine study, I was suddenly managing a team of four volunteers and meetings with industry professionals. At first, I was nervous in meetings with them, feeling I wasn’t prepared enough. But as I gained experience, the interactions became truly enjoyable and rewarding. Sometimes the conversations went beyond regular business to touch on career paths, personal challenges, and more. I began to enjoy the daily mix of activities. I also learned about leadership. At the start, things seemed to go well until one of my team members told me I wasn’t including her fully in decision-making. I was upset; didn’t she trust my leadership? But after I calmed down, I saw that maybe she had a point. So I began to ask team members to lead some of our meetings and encouraged them to express their views. This new approach allowed us to meet our targets while helping everyone feel more content and connected — as colleagues, but also as friends. Beyond building relationships and skills, this experience expanded my horizons about my own professional future. Before I joined, I had only been exposed to academic career paths, and I assumed that was my future. Now I’ve realized I particularly enjoy feeling part of a team and affecting the lives of others. As I get closer to completing my Ph. D．, I’m approaching job searches with a good idea of what I want. 28．What made the author decide to apply for the volunteer work? A．The relevance to her study. B．The longing for a family. C．The desire for social contact. D．The previous work experience. 29．What can we learn about the author’s volunteer work? A．It drives her away from her study. B．It teaches her how to conduct business. C．It allows her to adjust her attitude to life and career. D．It helps her identify the professional paths. 30．From the passage, we can learn that the author is ________. A．open to new challenges B．proud of academic success C．brave to overcome prejudice D．demanding of group members 【答案】28．C 29．D 30．A 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在异国读博生涯中，勇于挑战自己，尝试从未做过的工作，最终丰富了自己的阅历，开阔了自己的视野。 28．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“As a Ph. D. student in a new country, lockdown and homesickness combined to leave me feeling lonely and desperate to meet people. To find the connections I was missing, I searched for opportunities that would involve teamwork as a volunteer on the Internet.(在异国他乡攻读博士，疫情封控和思乡之情使我感觉非常孤独，迫切想要和人们取得联系。为了找寻我缺失的联系，我在网上寻找可以作为志愿者参与团队合作的机会)”可知，疫情封控和身处异乡使得作者与社会脱节，他为了重新与社会获得联系，他决定申请志愿者工作。故选C。 29．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Now I’ve realized I particularly enjoy feeling part of a team and affecting the lives of others. As I get closer to completing my Ph. D., I’m approaching job searches with a good idea of what I want.(现在我意识到我特别喜欢成为一个团队的一员，并影响他人的生活。随着我离完成博士学位越来越近，我在寻找工作时对自己想要的东西有了一个清晰的想法)”说明作者做了这份工作后，对自己的职业定位更清楚了。由此推知，作者的志愿工作帮助她确定了职业道路。故选D。 30．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I had no relevant experience and worried a disturbance to my study, but I still decided I might as well go for it and apply.(我没有相关的经验，也担心会干扰自己的学习，但我还是决定去试一下)”可知，作者没有害怕未知的工作；根据第三段中的“I also learned about leadership.(我也学到了领导力)”可知，作者勇于尝试新鲜事物，乐于学习。由此推知，作者乐于接受新的挑战。故选A。 D Many of us often feel our attention span (持续时间) getting shorter, especially with the constant demands of modern life. But what if a simple walk could help? In 2008, a study at the University of Michigan explored this. Students were divided into two groups: one walked through a park (a natural setting), and the other walked on busy city streets. Before and after their walks, all students took tests measuring their attention. The results were striking: while walking in the city improved scores slightly, walking in nature boosted attention scores by nearly 20%. Interestingly, participants gained these benefits regardless of whether they enjoyed the walk or not. Scientists believe that exposure to green spaces generally improves our cognition and mood. Marc Berman, a psychology professor, links these benefits to “Attention Restoration Theory.” This theory suggests that our ability to focus is a limited resource that gets easily used up. Spending time in nature, with its “softly fascinating” elements like rolling ocean waves or fields of flowers, allows our brains to rest and effectively refill this resource. Unlike urban environments, which demand constant alertness, nature gently draws our attention without overloading us. Further research supports this idea. Amy McDonnell, a research fellow, conducted a similar experiment. She found that after a walk in nature, people’s brains showed less activity, indicating rest. Then, during attention tasks, their brains showed bigger spikes (继续上升) in activity, suggesting they came back online more efficient and stronger. This indicates that nature helps the brain recover and perform better. Experts also discuss other factors. It might be the curved (弯曲的) lines and patterns in nature, which are easier for our brains to process than the straight edges of buildings. Or perhaps it’s the fresh air, the quietness, or even the natural chemicals trees release. As Professor Ruth Garside noted, “part of the magic... is that it is actually this combination of stuff that’s working.” It seems that many elements in nature work together to refresh our minds and sharpen our focus. 31．What was a key finding of the 2008 University of Michigan study? A．Enjoyment determined the walk’s benefits. B．City walks harmed attention performance. C．Nature walks significantly boosted attention. D．Different walking types improved mood equally. 32．What did Amy McDonnell’s experiment imply about the brain after nature walks? A．It became less active overall. B．It preferred complex urban patterns. C．It needed longer rest to function properly. D．It recovered and responded more efficiently. 33．What do experts believe is key to nature’s mind-refreshing effect? A．The simplicity of its visual patterns. B．The absence of urban noise and stress. C．The specific power of natural chemicals. D．The combined action of multiple elements. 34．What is the author’s main purpose in writing the article? A．To explain nature’s role in restoring focus. B．To promote specific outdoor walking routes. C．To compare urban and natural environments. D．To challenge existing psychological theories. 【答案】31．C 32．D 33．D 34．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究表明在自然环境中散步能有效恢复注意力，其作用机制包括大脑休息后的效率提升及多种自然元素的协同效应，为现代人应对注意力分散问题提供了解决方案。 31．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The results were striking: while walking in the city improved scores slightly, walking in nature boosted attention scores by nearly 20%. (结果是惊人的：在城市中行走会稍微提高分数，而在大自然中行走会使注意力分数提高近20%。)”可知，2008年密歇根大学研究的一个关键发现是：在自然环境中散步能显著提升注意力。故选C项。 32．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Then, during attention tasks, their brains showed bigger spikes (继续上升) in activity, suggesting they came back online more efficient and stronger. This indicates that nature helps the brain recover and perform better. (随后，在进行注意力任务时，他们的大脑活动呈现出更强烈的峰值，这表明大脑重新投入工作时变得更高效、更有力。这证明，自然有助于大脑恢复状态并提升表现)”可推知，Amy McDonnell的实验表明，在自然中散步后大脑恢复得更好，反应更高效。故选D项。 33．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“As Professor Ruth Garside noted, “part of the magic... is that it is actually this combination of stuff that’s working.” It seems that many elements in nature work together to refresh our minds and sharpen our focus. (正如Ruth Garside教授所说，“魔法的一部分……它实际上是这些东西的结合在起作用。”似乎大自然中的许多元素共同作用，使我们的头脑清醒，使我们的注意力集中。)”可知，专家认为，自然焕新心智的关键在于多种元素的协同作用。故选D项。 34．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“Many of us often feel our attention span (持续时间) getting shorter, especially with the constant demands of modern life. But what if a simple walk could help? (我们中的许多人经常感到我们的注意力持续时间越来越短，尤其是在现代生活的不断要求下。但如果简单的散步就能有所帮助呢？)”可知，文章开篇提出问题：“简单散步能否改善注意力？”，后面通过两项实验论证自然环境的恢复作用，最后引用理论和专家观点解释机制。由此推知，作者的写作目的是阐述自然环境在恢复注意力方面的作用。故选A项。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有项为多余选项。 The advent of high-tech era is still based on the development of human ability to use tools. From ancient times,    35 . The positive aspects of these abilities were dug out by human survival instinct, while the negative ones were ignored because they were insignificant. When organized civilization began to appear on the earth, people began to make vehicles. On the positive side,    36 . On the negative side, they made the burden of slaves heavier and increased the possibility of  civilian uprising During the alternation period between the middle ages and the modern world in the 17th and 19th centuries, when the industrial revolution was flourishing, there were many great inventions in the hands of human beings, such as the steam engine and many factories. 37 . The positive side provided a solid foundation for scientific exploration, greatly enhanced the power, and greatly enhanced the carrying capacity. The negative side is that the environmental pollution is greatly aggravated. In the 20th century, mankind began to use nuclear energy, and the advantages gained from the 17th to 19th centuries continued to grow substantially. 38 .But at the same time, the negative effects were also increasing secretly. The leakage of nuclear energy makes the economy of some countries face collapse (such as Japan), and as long as a terrorist has mastered the code for launching a nuclear bomb, human life in the world will be at stake. In the 21st century, the positive and negative aspects brought about by nuclear deterrence have stabilized and stopped growing.   39 . But the disadvantages are inevitable. For example, the Internet makes many netizens addicted to the Internet, the network crime is rampant, and the development of artificial intelligence to a certain extent may produce self-consciousness, and it is possible to resist human beings with its high intelligence. As for the follow-up, we can only see how human beings decide their own direction A．human beings began to learn to use stone axes to cut down trees and drill wood for fire B．In addition, nuclear deterrence stabilized the world situation, especially with the coming of the next World War C．There are both advantages and disadvantages in science and technology. We should treat the rapid development of science and technology with correct eyes D．they mainly enhanced the carrying capacity and had more functions E．The positive and negative aspects increased in proportion F．However, the Internet, artificial intelligence, new energy development and other emerging fields have greatly benefited mankind G．So we should resist the bad factors to promote the further development of science and technology 【答案】35．A 36．D 37．C 38．B 39．F 【分析】本文是说明文。文章讲述了科技发展的历史，说明高科技时代的到来仍然是基于人类使用工具能力的发展，并阐述了不同阶段科技发展的优缺点。 35．空格前是逗号，讲述从古代，人们运用工具的情况，首字母不大写，确定A、D项。下文“The positive aspects of these abilities were dug out by human survival instinct, while the negative ones were ignored because they were insignificant.”（这些能力的积极方面被人类的生存本能挖掘出来，而消极方面则因为微不足道而被忽视。）A项中的“use stone axes to cut down trees and drill wood for fire”（用石斧砍树，钻木取火）对应下文的these abilities，且与第一段的“human ability to use tools”呼应。故选A。 36．空格前是逗号，所填句子首字母不大写, 确定A、D项。根据“On the positive side”（积极的一面）可知，此处描述前文“When organized civilization began to appear on the earth, people began to make vehicles.( 当有组织的文明开始在地球上出现时，人们开始制造交通工具。)”积极的方面，也就是人们制作交通工具的积极影响，D项中的“enhanced the carrying capacity and had more functions(提高了承载能力，功能更丰富)”说明了其积极作用，与下文的“On the negative side”相互呼应。故选D。 37．根据上文“During the alternation period between the middle ages and the modern world in the 17th and 19th centuries, when the industrial revolution was flourishing, there were many great inventions in the hands of human beings, such as the steam engine and many factories.( 17、19世纪是中世纪与现代世界的交替时期，工业革命如火如荼，人类手中有许多伟大的发明，如蒸汽机和许多工厂。)”说明17、19世纪人类有许多发明，下文“The positive side provided a solid foundation for scientific exploration, greatly enhanced the power, and greatly enhanced the carrying capacity. The negative side is that the environmental pollution is greatly aggravated.( 积极的一面为科学探索提供了坚实的基础，大大增强了动力，大大增强了承载能力。消极的一面是环境污染大大加剧了。)”说明了这些发明的积极作用和消极作用都提高了，因此推断空格处承上启下，C项中的“The positive and negative aspects”引出下文，故C项“积极方面和消极方面都按比例增加”符合语境，故选C。 38．根据上文“In the 20th century, mankind began to use nuclear energy, and the advantages gained from the 17th to 19th centuries continued to grow substantially.( 20世纪，人类开始使用核能，17世纪到19世纪的优势继续大幅增长。)”说明核能的出现以及优势大幅度增加，下文“But at the same time, the negative effects were also increasing secretly.”（与此同时，消极影响也大幅度提高，）因此推断空格处也是在讲述核能的优势，B项中的“In addition”与上文构成递进关系，继续说明核能的益处，“nuclear deterrence stabilized the world situation”（核威慑稳定了世界局势。）故选B。 39．根据下文“But the disadvantages are inevitable. For example, the Internet makes many netizens addicted to the Internet, the network crime is rampant, and the development of artificial intelligence to a certain extent may produce self-consciousness, and it is possible to resist human beings with its high intelligence.( 但缺点是不可避免的。例如，互联网使许多网民沉迷于互联网，网络犯罪猖獗，人工智能的发展在一定程度上可能产生自我意识，有可能以其高智能来抵抗人类。)”说明互联网带来的不利之处，由But可推断，空格处说明互联网，人工智能等的积极的影响，F项中的“However, the Internet, artificial intelligence, new energy development and other emerging fields have greatly benefited mankind”（然而，互联网、人工智能、新能源开发等新兴领域给人类带来了巨大的利益）与下文的举例一致，且“greatly benefited mankind”说明了它们的好处，与下文是转折关系，故选F。 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 For millions of Facebook users, choosing which photo to use for an online profile is an important decision. According to a study by researchers at the UT Dallas Center, the photos we select may reflect individual preferences, but they also appear to reflect more deeply rooted, unconscious cultural differences. Previous research has shown that culture can affect not only language and custom, but also how we experience the world and process information. Western cultures, for example, condition people to think of themselves as highly independent entities （实体）, whereas East Asian cultures stress collectivism and interdependence. Dr. Denise Park, co-director of the Center at UT Dallas, and former graduate student Dr. Chih-Mao Huang of the University of Illinois, were curious about whether these patterns of cultural influence extend to cyberspace. In a paper published in the International Journal of Psychology, they examined the profile photographs of more than 500 active Facebook users from the United States and East Asia. Overall, they found that profile photos of Americans are more likely to focus on the individual's face, while the profiles of East Asians tend to less emphasize the face and include more background features. Americans also show greater smile intensity compared to East Asian Facebook users. The findings show marked cultural differences in the focus of attention among East Asian and American Facebook users. Moreover, they echo previous research on cultural influences on visual perception（感知）, attention, and reasoning in the offline world. "We believe these findings relate to a cultural bias to be more individualistic and independent in the US and more communal and interdependent in Asia," said Park. The research also found that cultural influences over our self-presentation online can shift over time and from place to place. In one of the study samples, Americans studying in Japan and Japanese studying in the United States both showed a tendency to adjust their profile photos to the general preferences of their host country. "Facebook constitutes an extended social context in which personal profiles mirror various individual characteristics, private thoughts, and social behaviors," noted Huang. "As such, the study presents a new approach to investigate cognition and behaviors across cultures by using Facebook as a data collection platform." 40．What may an online profile photo reflect? 41．According to the research, how are American and East Asian Facebook users different in choosing their profile photos? 42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. In one of the study samples, Americans studying in Japan showed a tendency to adjust their profile photos to the general preferences of their host country because they want to maintain a good relationship with their Japanese friends. 43．Describe the profile photo you use for your social media such as WeChat or Weibo. Why do you choose it? 【答案】40．It may reflect individual preferences and more deeply rooted, unconscious cultural differences. 41．Facebook users in America are more likely to use profile photos that focus on their faces, while the photos of East Asians tend to less emphasize the face and include more background features. Americans also show greater smile intensity compared to East Asian Facebook users. 42．In one of the study samples, Americans studying in Japan showed a tendency to adjust their profile photos to the general preferences of their host country because they want to maintain a good relationship with their Japanese friends. Americans studying in Japan showed a tendency to adjust their profile photos to the general preferences of their host country because the culture of their host country has an influence on their self-presentation online. 43．possible version 1: I use a picture of a coffee mug as my profile photo. I use it because it is my favorite coffee mug and I want everyone to admire it. Besides, I am careful about privacy and don’t want to display my face to strangers online. possible version 2: I use a picture of myself as my profile photo, and in the picture I am smiling confidently. I used it because I want people to feel that I am a confident person and I am trustworthy. 【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了我们在社交媒体选择的照片作为自己的头像可能反映了个人偏好，但它们似乎也反映了更根深蒂固的、无意识的文化差异。 40．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“According to a study by researchers at the UT Dallas Center, the photos we select may reflect individual preferences, but they also appear to reflect more deeply rooted, unconscious cultural differences.(根据德克萨斯大学达拉斯中心研究人员的一项研究，我们选择的照片可能反映了个人偏好，但它们似乎也反映了更根深蒂固的、无意识的文化差异。)”可知，一张网上的个人资料照片会反映出个人偏好和更加根深蒂固，无意识的文化差异。故答案为It may reflect individual preferences and more deeply rooted, unconscious cultural differences. 41．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Overall, they found that profile photos of Americans are more likely to focus on the individual's face, while the profiles of East Asians tend to less emphasize the face and include more background features. Americans also show greater smile intensity compared to East Asian Facebook users. (总的来说，他们发现美国人的头像照片更倾向于关注个人的面部，而东亚人的头像往往不太强调面部，包含更多的背景特征。与东亚脸书用户相比，美国人的微笑程度也更高。)”可知，Facebook用户在美国更有可能使用档案照片，关注他们的脸，而东亚人的照片往往比较强调的脸，包括更多的背景特征。与东亚脸书用户相比，美国人的微笑程度也更高。故答案为Facebook users in America are more likely to use profile photos that focus on their faces, while the photos of East Asians tend to less emphasize the face and include more background features. Americans also show greater smile intensity compared to East Asian Facebook users. 42．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“In one of the study samples, Americans studying in Japan and Japanese studying in the United States both showed a tendency to adjust their profile photos to the general preferences of their host country. (在其中一个研究样本中，在日本留学的美国人和在美国留学的日本人都倾向于根据所在国的总体喜好来调整自己的头像。)”可知，在日本留学的美国人倾向于根据所在国的总体喜好来调整个人资料照片，因为所在国的文化会影响他们在网上的自我表现。故答案为In one of the study samples, Americans studying in Japan showed a tendency to adjust their profile photos to the general preferences of their host country because they want to maintain a good relationship with their Japanese friends. Americans studying in Japan showed a tendency to adjust their profile photos to the general preferences of their host country because the culture of their host country has an influence on their self-presentation online. 43．开放题。考生言之有理则可。参考答案为：possible version 1: I use a picture of a coffee mug as my profile photo. I use it because it is my favorite coffee mug and I want everyone to admire it. Besides, I am careful about privacy and don’t want to display my face to strangers online. possible version 2: I use a picture of myself as my profile photo, and in the picture I am smiling confidently. I used it because I want people to feel that I am a confident person and I am trustworthy. 第二节: （20分) 44．假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim最近参加了汉语水平考试（HSK），因为过度紧张而没有通过，他感到很沮丧。请给你Jim写一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 表示安慰； 2. 推荐缓解考试紧张的小妙招。 注意：1.词数 100 左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】 Dear Jim,     I am sorry to hear that you didn’t pass the HSK this time because of nervousness. Please don’t feel too discouraged — many people face similar challenges when taking important exams.     To help with test anxiety, here are two simple tips that work for me. First, try deep breathing: take a slow breath in, hold for a few seconds, and breathe out gently. It really calms the mind. Second, break your study time into short blocks, like 25 minutes of focus followed by a 5-minute break. This keeps your brain fresh and reduces stress.     Remember, this is just one attempt. You’ve already made great progress in learning Chinese, and I’m sure you’ll do better next time. Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生以红星中学高三学生李华的身份，给因过度紧张未通过汉语水平考试（HSK）而沮丧的英国好友Jim写一封邮件，内容需包含表示安慰、推荐缓解考试紧张的小妙招两方面。 【详解】1.词汇积累 沮丧的：discouraged → upset 紧张：nervousness → anxiety 集中：focus → concentrate 压力：stress → pressure 2.句式拓展 合并简单句 原句：Second, break your study time into short blocks, like 25 minutes of focus followed by a 5-minute break. This keeps your brain fresh and reduces stress. 拓展句：Second, break your study time into short blocks, like 25 minutes of focus followed by a 5-minute break, which keeps your brain fresh and reduces stress. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Please don’t feel too discouraged — many people face similar challenges when taking important exams.(运用了when引导的时间状语从句的省略) 【高分句型2】To help with test anxiety, here are two simple tips that work for me.(运用了that引导的限定性定语从句) 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $2026届高考英语必胜卷（北京专用） 英语·答题卡 姓名： 准考证号 标记 条码粘贴处 □ 准考证号 注意事项 0 0 1.答题前， 考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清 1 1 楚。 2.请将准考证条码粘贴在右的条码粘贴处的方框 2 2 内。 3 3 3.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须用0.5 4 4 毫米黑色字迹的签字笔填写，字体工整。 4.请按题号顺序在各题的答题区内作答，超出范围的 答案无效，在草纸、试卷上作答无效。 6 6 5.保持卡面清洁，不要折叠、不要弄破、弄皱，不准 7 7 使用涂改液、刮纸刀。 8 6.填涂样例正确■错误-][V][×] 9 9 第部分知识运用（共两节，30分） 第-节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分） 1.[A][B][C][D] 6.[A][B][C][D] 2.[A][B][C][D] 7.[A][B][C][D] 3[A][B][CJ[D] 8.[A][B][C][D] 4.[A][B][C][D] 9[A][B][C][D] 5.[A][B][C][D] 1O.[A][B][CJ[D] 第二节（共10小题；每到题1.5分，共15分） 11 12 13 14 15. 16 17 18 19 20 第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分） 21.[A][B][C][D]26.[A][B][C][D]31.[A][B][C][D] 35.[A][B][C][D][E][F][G] 22.[A][B][C][D] 27.[A][B][C][D] 32.[A][B][C][D] 36.[A][B][C][D][E][F][G] 23.[A][B][C][D]28.[A][B][CJ[D] 33.[A][B][C][D] 37.[A][B][CJ[D][E][F][G] 24[A][B][C][D]29.[A][B][C1[D]34[A][B][C][D] 38.[A][B][C][D][E][F][G] 25.[A][B][C][D]30.[A][B][C][D] 39.[A][B][C][D][E][F[G] 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！ 第1页共2页 第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分） 第-节（满盼12分） 40. (2分) 41. (2分) 42. (3分) 43 (5分) 第二节（满粉20分） Dear Jim, Yours, LiHua 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！ 第2页共2页 2026届高考英语必胜卷（北京专用） 英语·参考答案 第一部分 知识运用(共两节，30 分) 第一节 (共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分) 1．A 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．D 6．C 7．B 8．A 9．C 10．D 第二节(共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分) 11． were damaged 12．to collect 13．more interesting 14． competition 15．have identified 16．Prevents 17． what 18．leading 19．which/that 20．From 第二部分 阅读理解( 共两节, 38 分) 第一节(共 14 小题；每小题 2 分，共 28 分) 21． C 22．A 23．C 24． C 25．D 26．A 27．B 28． C 29．D 30．A 31． C 32．D 33．D 34．A 第二节(共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分) 35． A 36．D 37．C 38．B 39．F 第三部分 书面表达(共两节， 32 分) 第一节 (共 4 小题； 第 40、41 题各 2 分， 第 42 题 3 分， 第 43 题 5 分， 共 12 分) 40．It may reflect individual preferences and more deeply rooted, unconscious cultural differences. 41．Facebook users in America are more likely to use profile photos that focus on their faces, while the photos of East Asians tend to less emphasize the face and include more background features. Americans also show greater smile intensity compared to East Asian Facebook users. 42．In one of the study samples, Americans studying in Japan showed a tendency to adjust their profile photos to the general preferences of their host country because they want to maintain a good relationship with their Japanese friends. Americans studying in Japan showed a tendency to adjust their profile photos to the general preferences of their host country because the culture of their host country has an influence on their self-presentation online. 43．possible version 1: I use a picture of a coffee mug as my profile photo. I use it because it is my favorite coffee mug and I want everyone to admire it. Besides, I am careful about privacy and don’t want to display my face to strangers online. possible version 2: I use a picture of myself as my profile photo, and in the picture I am smiling confidently. I used it because I want people to feel that I am a confident person and I am trustworthy. 第二节(20 分) 44．Dear Jim,     I am sorry to hear that you didn’t pass the HSK this time because of nervousness. Please don’t feel too discouraged — many people face similar challenges when taking important exams.     To help with test anxiety, here are two simple tips that work for me. First, try deep breathing: take a slow breath in, hold for a few seconds, and breathe out gently. It really calms the mind. Second, break your study time into short blocks, like 25 minutes of focus followed by a 5-minute break. This keeps your brain fresh and reduces stress.     Remember, this is just one attempt. You’ve already made great progress in learning Chinese, and I’m sure you’ll do better next time. Yours, Li Hua / 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… 此卷只装订不密封 ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… … 学校：______________姓名：_____________班级：_______________考号：______________________ 2026届高考英语必胜卷（北京专用） （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：100分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项涂黑。 One morning I was running late for a meeting, and I passed a friend in the hallway. My friend 1 me,“How are you doing?” But I didn’t give the 2 response “Good, how about you?” I started to complain about the traffic, poor visibility in the rain and everything else about my 3 trip. Instead of sympathy, he asked me a question,“How do you know if the powers of fate (命运) didn’t create those roadblocks?” The 4 was that I might be just spared something much worse than being late to a meeting. I gave a 5 smile and walked on. But over the next few days the more thought about his question, the more wisdom I was able to see in it. I remembered the times when 6 kept me from accidents on the same roads I was traveling on. The most memorable 7 was a white-out snowstorm. We were forced to take a slower route which was very frustrating. Later, we heard that a family of four, just like ours, was killed by a truck on the highway we had planned on taking. As this and other memories came to mind, I 8 that it can be easy to be so focused on an outcome and being on schedule that better possibilities are not considered. Ever since then, I have become more relaxed. I have lost weight, my blood pressure has 9 , and I feel less stressed. It may or may not be happening every moment of every day, but keeping my friend’s question in mind puts me more at ease and has 10 my life. 1．A．greeted B．questioned C．advised D．consulted 2．A．honest B．expected C．detailed D．public 3．A．stressful B．lonely C．exciting D．lucky 4．A．impression B．lesson C．inference D．reason 5．A．helpless B．hearty C．nervous D．bitter 6．A．crowds B．meetings C．delays D．dangers 7．A．sight B．example C．dream D．feeling 8．A．realized B．explained C．considered D．approved 9．A．built up B．turned back C．gone down D．taken off 10．A．defended B．spared C．cost D．improved 第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分,共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A Not long ago, my daughter’s shoes 11 (damage) with a knife. She burst into tears. I took them to the shoemaker’s. The man said he would add more scratches on both shoes as if the openings were made on purpose for a special style. I didn’t fully understand him, but I decided to leave the shoes. Two days later I dropped by from work 12 (collect) the shoes. I found more scratches on each shoe, but all the openings were patched by red leather and the stitches were twisted. The appearance looked 13 (interesting) than ever. B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The African penguin is expected to go extinct in the wild in just over a decade, given its current population decline. The main reason is a lack of food caused by disturbance to ocean conditions from global heating and 14 (compete) from the commercial fishing industry. According to a study, recently scientists 15 (identify) a possible additional cause, one that is an entirely new threat and that further 16 (prevent) the penguins from finding food: noise pollution from marine ships in a bay. C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Crying is a natural response to emotions. Regardless of 17 causes the tears to flow, the physical reaction is usually the same with puffy cheeks and tight eyes 18 (lead) to streaming tears down one’s face. Despite its stigma (污名), crying can be an act 19 relieves tension and clears feelings of negativity and sadness. Crying can communicate our emotions to others and foster greater understanding and compassion. Ultimately, crying is a powerful tool we ought to use to free ourselves 20 negativity. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题，每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A If you’re interested in pushing yourself academically while experiencing college life, our Summer Programs for Pre-College Students (SPP) can be ideal for you. In the programs, you will be able to make friends with fellow students, engage in social activities around the city and on campus, and experience pre-college summer study at one of the world’s top teaching and research universities. Our long-running summer term pre-college offerings include a choice of one-, two-, three-, and six-week programs that prepare you for success in college. With five exciting and challenging pre-college summer programs to choose from, you can earn college credit, discover a new subject area, perform cutting-edge research in university labs, or immerse yourself in hands-on learning. Academic life SPP invites you to join other highly motivated teens from 87 countries in our summer programs for high school students — and take the leap into college life and academics, which enables you to take on new academic challenges, explore a variety of interests and consider possible majors. You can take college courses alongside undergraduates either on campus or online. And you can also earn up to eight college credits by conducting in-depth STEM research with individual instructors or as part of a group project. Or, you can immerse yourself in a variety of stimulating noncredit seminars that blend lectures with experiential learning, discussions, and projects. Campus/Residence life Embracing college life is an exciting experience. Whether you live on campus or commute, you’ll get to know the ins and outs of college and city life. If you live on campus, you will stay in the residence hall, sharing a room and participating in dorm activities. There are typically two students per room and safety is our highest priority: residence halls have live-in university staff and 24-hour security. Resident program assistants provide guidance, coordinate and lead social activities, ranging from group activities that include comedy shows to field trips. Your hard work will be combined with social events and fun activities — and you’ll still have time for your own adventures on campus! Email the SPP office at sppoffice@mail.edu. 21．What does SPP aim to do? A．To help college students to achieve academic success. B．To provide admission guidelines for pre-college students. C．To get high school students well-prepared for college life. D．To encourage students to participate in hands-on learning. 22．What are students supposed to do to earn the required credits? A．Carry out STEM research. B．Attend various seminars. C．Finish the courses online. D．Join in experiential learning. 23．What can we know about students living on campus? A．They can organize social activities. B．They will have access to a single room. C．They are provided with good security. D．They are advised to direct comedy shows. B Tearing up, sweating, nose running and other bodily functions are all signs when you’ re eating spicy foods. Yet, millions of people worldwide actively seek out this burning feeling. The explanation lies not in our sense of taste, but in our complex nervous system and psychology. The heat we perceive from chili peppers originates from capsaicin (辣椒素), a compound that acts as the plant’s chemical defense. It specifically targets TRPV1, a receptor (受体) present on nociceptors — the special nerve cells that detect potentially harmful factors, such as heat above 42℃. When activated, these cells trigger an instant alarm response, causing the body to react as if it’s been burned. This begs the question: why would we enjoy a feeling signaling potential danger? The enjoyment of spicy food is learned through adaptation of the nervous system. Initially,the brain misinterprets the capsaicin-caused heat as a potential threat, triggering an alarm-like response. Through repeated exposure, however, it receives consistent feedback indicating no actual tissue damage occurs. The feeling is gradually reassessed as safe and controllable,transforming the initial pain into a form of“benign masochism”. Much like the thrill of a roller coaster ride, the perceived danger — now under our command — becomes an internal part of the pleasure. Individual tolerance varies. Genetics can influence how sensitive one’s TRPV1 receptors are to capsaicin. More importantly, people can gradually build up a tolerance, essentially training their bodies and brains to handle higher levels of spiciness. The receptors themselves become less responsive over time, and the brain’s predictive system becomes more accurate. So, what can you do if the spice becomes overwhelming? Since capsaicin is fat- soluble,water is ineffective because it only spreads the compound. Dairy products like milk or yogurt are far better solutions — the fat and protein in them combine with the capsaicin and carry it away. 24．Why does eating chili peppers give people the burning feeling? A．Capsaicin briefly hurts taste buds. B．Chilli peppers bring potential danger. C．Capsaicin triggers the reaction of TRPV1. D．Chilli peppers raise the body’s temperature. 25．Which experience is most similar to enjoying spicy food? A．Listening to music. B．Smoking cigarettes. C．Exploring the Antarctic. D．Watching a horror film. 26．What does building a high spice tolerance involve? A．Conscious efforts. B．Genetic adaptation. C．Blocking spiciness signals. D．Keeping receptors from responding. 27．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Capsaicin’s Trick: A False Burning Alarm B．The Spice Lover’s Dilemma: Pleasure in Pain C．The Body’s Signal: Physical Reactions to Spice D．The Art of Endurance: Building Spice Tolerance C As a Ph. D．student in a new country, lockdown and homesickness combined to leave me feeling lonely and desperate to meet people. To find the connections I was missing, I searched for opportunities that would involve teamwork as a volunteer on the Internet. A position matching graduate students with jobs drew my attention. It needed someone who would lead teams of graduate student volunteers to help bring in industry partners, and work with the university administration and student applicants. The chances to interact with all these different groups were appealing. I had no relevant experience and worried a disturbance to my study, but I still decided I might as well go for it and apply. The first few weeks in my new role were challenging. Along with my routine study, I was suddenly managing a team of four volunteers and meetings with industry professionals. At first, I was nervous in meetings with them, feeling I wasn’t prepared enough. But as I gained experience, the interactions became truly enjoyable and rewarding. Sometimes the conversations went beyond regular business to touch on career paths, personal challenges, and more. I began to enjoy the daily mix of activities. I also learned about leadership. At the start, things seemed to go well until one of my team members told me I wasn’t including her fully in decision-making. I was upset; didn’t she trust my leadership? But after I calmed down, I saw that maybe she had a point. So I began to ask team members to lead some of our meetings and encouraged them to express their views. This new approach allowed us to meet our targets while helping everyone feel more content and connected — as colleagues, but also as friends. Beyond building relationships and skills, this experience expanded my horizons about my own professional future. Before I joined, I had only been exposed to academic career paths, and I assumed that was my future. Now I’ve realized I particularly enjoy feeling part of a team and affecting the lives of others. As I get closer to completing my Ph. D．, I’m approaching job searches with a good idea of what I want. 28．What made the author decide to apply for the volunteer work? A．The relevance to her study. B．The longing for a family. C．The desire for social contact. D．The previous work experience. 29．What can we learn about the author’s volunteer work? A．It drives her away from her study. B．It teaches her how to conduct business. C．It allows her to adjust her attitude to life and career. D．It helps her identify the professional paths. 30．From the passage, we can learn that the author is ________. A．open to new challenges B．proud of academic success C．brave to overcome prejudice D．demanding of group members D Many of us often feel our attention span (持续时间) getting shorter, especially with the constant demands of modern life. But what if a simple walk could help? In 2008, a study at the University of Michigan explored this. Students were divided into two groups: one walked through a park (a natural setting), and the other walked on busy city streets. Before and after their walks, all students took tests measuring their attention. The results were striking: while walking in the city improved scores slightly, walking in nature boosted attention scores by nearly 20%. Interestingly, participants gained these benefits regardless of whether they enjoyed the walk or not. Scientists believe that exposure to green spaces generally improves our cognition and mood. Marc Berman, a psychology professor, links these benefits to “Attention Restoration Theory.” This theory suggests that our ability to focus is a limited resource that gets easily used up. Spending time in nature, with its “softly fascinating” elements like rolling ocean waves or fields of flowers, allows our brains to rest and effectively refill this resource. Unlike urban environments, which demand constant alertness, nature gently draws our attention without overloading us. Further research supports this idea. Amy McDonnell, a research fellow, conducted a similar experiment. She found that after a walk in nature, people’s brains showed less activity, indicating rest. Then, during attention tasks, their brains showed bigger spikes (继续上升) in activity, suggesting they came back online more efficient and stronger. This indicates that nature helps the brain recover and perform better. Experts also discuss other factors. It might be the curved (弯曲的) lines and patterns in nature, which are easier for our brains to process than the straight edges of buildings. Or perhaps it’s the fresh air, the quietness, or even the natural chemicals trees release. As Professor Ruth Garside noted, “part of the magic... is that it is actually this combination of stuff that’s working.” It seems that many elements in nature work together to refresh our minds and sharpen our focus. 31．What was a key finding of the 2008 University of Michigan study? A．Enjoyment determined the walk’s benefits. B．City walks harmed attention performance. C．Nature walks significantly boosted attention. D．Different walking types improved mood equally. 32．What did Amy McDonnell’s experiment imply about the brain after nature walks? A．It became less active overall. B．It preferred complex urban patterns. C．It needed longer rest to function properly. D．It recovered and responded more efficiently. 33．What do experts believe is key to nature’s mind-refreshing effect? A．The simplicity of its visual patterns. B．The absence of urban noise and stress. C．The specific power of natural chemicals. D．The combined action of multiple elements. 34．What is the author’s main purpose in writing the article? A．To explain nature’s role in restoring focus. B．To promote specific outdoor walking routes. C．To compare urban and natural environments. D．To challenge existing psychological theories. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有项为多余选项。 The advent of high-tech era is still based on the development of human ability to use tools. From ancient times,    35 . The positive aspects of these abilities were dug out by human survival instinct, while the negative ones were ignored because they were insignificant. When organized civilization began to appear on the earth, people began to make vehicles. On the positive side,    36 . On the negative side, they made the burden of slaves heavier and increased the possibility of  civilian uprising During the alternation period between the middle ages and the modern world in the 17th and 19th centuries, when the industrial revolution was flourishing, there were many great inventions in the hands of human beings, such as the steam engine and many factories. 37 . The positive side provided a solid foundation for scientific exploration, greatly enhanced the power, and greatly enhanced the carrying capacity. The negative side is that the environmental pollution is greatly aggravated. In the 20th century, mankind began to use nuclear energy, and the advantages gained from the 17th to 19th centuries continued to grow substantially. 38 .But at the same time, the negative effects were also increasing secretly. The leakage of nuclear energy makes the economy of some countries face collapse (such as Japan), and as long as a terrorist has mastered the code for launching a nuclear bomb, human life in the world will be at stake. In the 21st century, the positive and negative aspects brought about by nuclear deterrence have stabilized and stopped growing.   39 . But the disadvantages are inevitable. For example, the Internet makes many netizens addicted to the Internet, the network crime is rampant, and the development of artificial intelligence to a certain extent may produce self-consciousness, and it is possible to resist human beings with its high intelligence. As for the follow-up, we can only see how human beings decide their own direction A．human beings began to learn to use stone axes to cut down trees and drill wood for fire B．In addition, nuclear deterrence stabilized the world situation, especially with the coming of the next World War C．There are both advantages and disadvantages in science and technology. We should treat the rapid development of science and technology with correct eyes D．they mainly enhanced the carrying capacity and had more functions E．The positive and negative aspects increased in proportion F．However, the Internet, artificial intelligence, new energy development and other emerging fields have greatly benefited mankind G．So we should resist the bad factors to promote the further development of science and technology 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 For millions of Facebook users, choosing which photo to use for an online profile is an important decision. According to a study by researchers at the UT Dallas Center, the photos we select may reflect individual preferences, but they also appear to reflect more deeply rooted, unconscious cultural differences. Previous research has shown that culture can affect not only language and custom, but also how we experience the world and process information. Western cultures, for example, condition people to think of themselves as highly independent entities （实体）, whereas East Asian cultures stress collectivism and interdependence. Dr. Denise Park, co-director of the Center at UT Dallas, and former graduate student Dr. Chih-Mao Huang of the University of Illinois, were curious about whether these patterns of cultural influence extend to cyberspace. In a paper published in the International Journal of Psychology, they examined the profile photographs of more than 500 active Facebook users from the United States and East Asia. Overall, they found that profile photos of Americans are more likely to focus on the individual's face, while the profiles of East Asians tend to less emphasize the face and include more background features. Americans also show greater smile intensity compared to East Asian Facebook users. The findings show marked cultural differences in the focus of attention among East Asian and American Facebook users. Moreover, they echo previous research on cultural influences on visual perception（感知）, attention, and reasoning in the offline world. "We believe these findings relate to a cultural bias to be more individualistic and independent in the US and more communal and interdependent in Asia," said Park. The research also found that cultural influences over our self-presentation online can shift over time and from place to place. In one of the study samples, Americans studying in Japan and Japanese studying in the United States both showed a tendency to adjust their profile photos to the general preferences of their host country. "Facebook constitutes an extended social context in which personal profiles mirror various individual characteristics, private thoughts, and social behaviors," noted Huang. "As such, the study presents a new approach to investigate cognition and behaviors across cultures by using Facebook as a data collection platform." 40．What may an online profile photo reflect? 41．According to the research, how are American and East Asian Facebook users different in choosing their profile photos? 42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. In one of the study samples, Americans studying in Japan showed a tendency to adjust their profile photos to the general preferences of their host country because they want to maintain a good relationship with their Japanese friends. 43．Describe the profile photo you use for your social media such as WeChat or Weibo. Why do you choose it? 第二节: （20分) 44．假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim最近参加了汉语水平考试（HSK），因为过度紧张而没有通过，他感到很沮丧。请给你Jim写一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 表示安慰； 2. 推荐缓解考试紧张的小妙招。 注意：1.词数 100 左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 试题 第7页（共8页） 试题 第8页（共8页） 试题 第5页（共8页） 试题 第6页（共8页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026届高考英语必胜卷（北京专用） （考试时间：100分钟 试卷满分：100分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分） 第一节 完形填空（共10小题：每小题1.5分，共15分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项涂黑。 One morning I was running late for a meeting, and I passed a friend in the hallway. My friend 1 me,“How are you doing?” But I didn’t give the 2 response “Good, how about you?” I started to complain about the traffic, poor visibility in the rain and everything else about my 3 trip. Instead of sympathy, he asked me a question,“How do you know if the powers of fate (命运) didn’t create those roadblocks?” The 4 was that I might be just spared something much worse than being late to a meeting. I gave a 5 smile and walked on. But over the next few days the more thought about his question, the more wisdom I was able to see in it. I remembered the times when 6 kept me from accidents on the same roads I was traveling on. The most memorable 7 was a white-out snowstorm. We were forced to take a slower route which was very frustrating. Later, we heard that a family of four, just like ours, was killed by a truck on the highway we had planned on taking. As this and other memories came to mind, I 8 that it can be easy to be so focused on an outcome and being on schedule that better possibilities are not considered. Ever since then, I have become more relaxed. I have lost weight, my blood pressure has 9 , and I feel less stressed. It may or may not be happening every moment of every day, but keeping my friend’s question in mind puts me more at ease and has 10 my life. 1．A．greeted B．questioned C．advised D．consulted 2．A．honest B．expected C．detailed D．public 3．A．stressful B．lonely C．exciting D．lucky 4．A．impression B．lesson C．inference D．reason 5．A．helpless B．hearty C．nervous D．bitter 6．A．crowds B．meetings C．delays D．dangers 7．A．sight B．example C．dream D．feeling 8．A．realized B．explained C．considered D．approved 9．A．built up B．turned back C．gone down D．taken off 10．A．defended B．spared C．cost D．improved 第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分,共15分） 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 A Not long ago, my daughter’s shoes 11 (damage) with a knife. She burst into tears. I took them to the shoemaker’s. The man said he would add more scratches on both shoes as if the openings were made on purpose for a special style. I didn’t fully understand him, but I decided to leave the shoes. Two days later I dropped by from work 12 (collect) the shoes. I found more scratches on each shoe, but all the openings were patched by red leather and the stitches were twisted. The appearance looked 13 (interesting) than ever. B 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The African penguin is expected to go extinct in the wild in just over a decade, given its current population decline. The main reason is a lack of food caused by disturbance to ocean conditions from global heating and 14 (compete) from the commercial fishing industry. According to a study, recently scientists 15 (identify) a possible additional cause, one that is an entirely new threat and that further 16 (prevent) the penguins from finding food: noise pollution from marine ships in a bay. C 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Crying is a natural response to emotions. Regardless of 17 causes the tears to flow, the physical reaction is usually the same with puffy cheeks and tight eyes 18 (lead) to streaming tears down one’s face. Despite its stigma (污名), crying can be an act 19 relieves tension and clears feelings of negativity and sadness. Crying can communicate our emotions to others and foster greater understanding and compassion. Ultimately, crying is a powerful tool we ought to use to free ourselves 20 negativity. 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分） 第一节（共14小题，每小题2分，共28分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A If you’re interested in pushing yourself academically while experiencing college life, our Summer Programs for Pre-College Students (SPP) can be ideal for you. In the programs, you will be able to make friends with fellow students, engage in social activities around the city and on campus, and experience pre-college summer study at one of the world’s top teaching and research universities. Our long-running summer term pre-college offerings include a choice of one-, two-, three-, and six-week programs that prepare you for success in college. With five exciting and challenging pre-college summer programs to choose from, you can earn college credit, discover a new subject area, perform cutting-edge research in university labs, or immerse yourself in hands-on learning. Academic life SPP invites you to join other highly motivated teens from 87 countries in our summer programs for high school students — and take the leap into college life and academics, which enables you to take on new academic challenges, explore a variety of interests and consider possible majors. You can take college courses alongside undergraduates either on campus or online. And you can also earn up to eight college credits by conducting in-depth STEM research with individual instructors or as part of a group project. Or, you can immerse yourself in a variety of stimulating noncredit seminars that blend lectures with experiential learning, discussions, and projects. Campus/Residence life Embracing college life is an exciting experience. Whether you live on campus or commute, you’ll get to know the ins and outs of college and city life. If you live on campus, you will stay in the residence hall, sharing a room and participating in dorm activities. There are typically two students per room and safety is our highest priority: residence halls have live-in university staff and 24-hour security. Resident program assistants provide guidance, coordinate and lead social activities, ranging from group activities that include comedy shows to field trips. Your hard work will be combined with social events and fun activities — and you’ll still have time for your own adventures on campus! Email the SPP office at sppoffice@mail.edu. 21．What does SPP aim to do? A．To help college students to achieve academic success. B．To provide admission guidelines for pre-college students. C．To get high school students well-prepared for college life. D．To encourage students to participate in hands-on learning. 22．What are students supposed to do to earn the required credits? A．Carry out STEM research. B．Attend various seminars. C．Finish the courses online. D．Join in experiential learning. 23．What can we know about students living on campus? A．They can organize social activities. B．They will have access to a single room. C．They are provided with good security. D．They are advised to direct comedy shows. B Tearing up, sweating, nose running and other bodily functions are all signs when you’ re eating spicy foods. Yet, millions of people worldwide actively seek out this burning feeling. The explanation lies not in our sense of taste, but in our complex nervous system and psychology. The heat we perceive from chili peppers originates from capsaicin (辣椒素), a compound that acts as the plant’s chemical defense. It specifically targets TRPV1, a receptor (受体) present on nociceptors — the special nerve cells that detect potentially harmful factors, such as heat above 42℃. When activated, these cells trigger an instant alarm response, causing the body to react as if it’s been burned. This begs the question: why would we enjoy a feeling signaling potential danger? The enjoyment of spicy food is learned through adaptation of the nervous system. Initially,the brain misinterprets the capsaicin-caused heat as a potential threat, triggering an alarm-like response. Through repeated exposure, however, it receives consistent feedback indicating no actual tissue damage occurs. The feeling is gradually reassessed as safe and controllable,transforming the initial pain into a form of“benign masochism”. Much like the thrill of a roller coaster ride, the perceived danger — now under our command — becomes an internal part of the pleasure. Individual tolerance varies. Genetics can influence how sensitive one’s TRPV1 receptors are to capsaicin. More importantly, people can gradually build up a tolerance, essentially training their bodies and brains to handle higher levels of spiciness. The receptors themselves become less responsive over time, and the brain’s predictive system becomes more accurate. So, what can you do if the spice becomes overwhelming? Since capsaicin is fat- soluble,water is ineffective because it only spreads the compound. Dairy products like milk or yogurt are far better solutions — the fat and protein in them combine with the capsaicin and carry it away. 24．Why does eating chili peppers give people the burning feeling? A．Capsaicin briefly hurts taste buds. B．Chilli peppers bring potential danger. C．Capsaicin triggers the reaction of TRPV1. D．Chilli peppers raise the body’s temperature. 25．Which experience is most similar to enjoying spicy food? A．Listening to music. B．Smoking cigarettes. C．Exploring the Antarctic. D．Watching a horror film. 26．What does building a high spice tolerance involve? A．Conscious efforts. B．Genetic adaptation. C．Blocking spiciness signals. D．Keeping receptors from responding. 27．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Capsaicin’s Trick: A False Burning Alarm B．The Spice Lover’s Dilemma: Pleasure in Pain C．The Body’s Signal: Physical Reactions to Spice D．The Art of Endurance: Building Spice Tolerance C As a Ph. D．student in a new country, lockdown and homesickness combined to leave me feeling lonely and desperate to meet people. To find the connections I was missing, I searched for opportunities that would involve teamwork as a volunteer on the Internet. A position matching graduate students with jobs drew my attention. It needed someone who would lead teams of graduate student volunteers to help bring in industry partners, and work with the university administration and student applicants. The chances to interact with all these different groups were appealing. I had no relevant experience and worried a disturbance to my study, but I still decided I might as well go for it and apply. The first few weeks in my new role were challenging. Along with my routine study, I was suddenly managing a team of four volunteers and meetings with industry professionals. At first, I was nervous in meetings with them, feeling I wasn’t prepared enough. But as I gained experience, the interactions became truly enjoyable and rewarding. Sometimes the conversations went beyond regular business to touch on career paths, personal challenges, and more. I began to enjoy the daily mix of activities. I also learned about leadership. At the start, things seemed to go well until one of my team members told me I wasn’t including her fully in decision-making. I was upset; didn’t she trust my leadership? But after I calmed down, I saw that maybe she had a point. So I began to ask team members to lead some of our meetings and encouraged them to express their views. This new approach allowed us to meet our targets while helping everyone feel more content and connected — as colleagues, but also as friends. Beyond building relationships and skills, this experience expanded my horizons about my own professional future. Before I joined, I had only been exposed to academic career paths, and I assumed that was my future. Now I’ve realized I particularly enjoy feeling part of a team and affecting the lives of others. As I get closer to completing my Ph. D．, I’m approaching job searches with a good idea of what I want. 28．What made the author decide to apply for the volunteer work? A．The relevance to her study. B．The longing for a family. C．The desire for social contact. D．The previous work experience. 29．What can we learn about the author’s volunteer work? A．It drives her away from her study. B．It teaches her how to conduct business. C．It allows her to adjust her attitude to life and career. D．It helps her identify the professional paths. 30．From the passage, we can learn that the author is ________. A．open to new challenges B．proud of academic success C．brave to overcome prejudice D．demanding of group members D Many of us often feel our attention span (持续时间) getting shorter, especially with the constant demands of modern life. But what if a simple walk could help? In 2008, a study at the University of Michigan explored this. Students were divided into two groups: one walked through a park (a natural setting), and the other walked on busy city streets. Before and after their walks, all students took tests measuring their attention. The results were striking: while walking in the city improved scores slightly, walking in nature boosted attention scores by nearly 20%. Interestingly, participants gained these benefits regardless of whether they enjoyed the walk or not. Scientists believe that exposure to green spaces generally improves our cognition and mood. Marc Berman, a psychology professor, links these benefits to “Attention Restoration Theory.” This theory suggests that our ability to focus is a limited resource that gets easily used up. Spending time in nature, with its “softly fascinating” elements like rolling ocean waves or fields of flowers, allows our brains to rest and effectively refill this resource. Unlike urban environments, which demand constant alertness, nature gently draws our attention without overloading us. Further research supports this idea. Amy McDonnell, a research fellow, conducted a similar experiment. She found that after a walk in nature, people’s brains showed less activity, indicating rest. Then, during attention tasks, their brains showed bigger spikes (继续上升) in activity, suggesting they came back online more efficient and stronger. This indicates that nature helps the brain recover and perform better. Experts also discuss other factors. It might be the curved (弯曲的) lines and patterns in nature, which are easier for our brains to process than the straight edges of buildings. Or perhaps it’s the fresh air, the quietness, or even the natural chemicals trees release. As Professor Ruth Garside noted, “part of the magic... is that it is actually this combination of stuff that’s working.” It seems that many elements in nature work together to refresh our minds and sharpen our focus. 31．What was a key finding of the 2008 University of Michigan study? A．Enjoyment determined the walk’s benefits. B．City walks harmed attention performance. C．Nature walks significantly boosted attention. D．Different walking types improved mood equally. 32．What did Amy McDonnell’s experiment imply about the brain after nature walks? A．It became less active overall. B．It preferred complex urban patterns. C．It needed longer rest to function properly. D．It recovered and responded more efficiently. 33．What do experts believe is key to nature’s mind-refreshing effect? A．The simplicity of its visual patterns. B．The absence of urban noise and stress. C．The specific power of natural chemicals. D．The combined action of multiple elements. 34．What is the author’s main purpose in writing the article? A．To explain nature’s role in restoring focus. B．To promote specific outdoor walking routes. C．To compare urban and natural environments. D．To challenge existing psychological theories. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有项为多余选项。 The advent of high-tech era is still based on the development of human ability to use tools. From ancient times,    35 . The positive aspects of these abilities were dug out by human survival instinct, while the negative ones were ignored because they were insignificant. When organized civilization began to appear on the earth, people began to make vehicles. On the positive side,    36 . On the negative side, they made the burden of slaves heavier and increased the possibility of  civilian uprising During the alternation period between the middle ages and the modern world in the 17th and 19th centuries, when the industrial revolution was flourishing, there were many great inventions in the hands of human beings, such as the steam engine and many factories. 37 . The positive side provided a solid foundation for scientific exploration, greatly enhanced the power, and greatly enhanced the carrying capacity. The negative side is that the environmental pollution is greatly aggravated. In the 20th century, mankind began to use nuclear energy, and the advantages gained from the 17th to 19th centuries continued to grow substantially. 38 .But at the same time, the negative effects were also increasing secretly. The leakage of nuclear energy makes the economy of some countries face collapse (such as Japan), and as long as a terrorist has mastered the code for launching a nuclear bomb, human life in the world will be at stake. In the 21st century, the positive and negative aspects brought about by nuclear deterrence have stabilized and stopped growing.   39 . But the disadvantages are inevitable. For example, the Internet makes many netizens addicted to the Internet, the network crime is rampant, and the development of artificial intelligence to a certain extent may produce self-consciousness, and it is possible to resist human beings with its high intelligence. As for the follow-up, we can only see how human beings decide their own direction A．human beings began to learn to use stone axes to cut down trees and drill wood for fire B．In addition, nuclear deterrence stabilized the world situation, especially with the coming of the next World War C．There are both advantages and disadvantages in science and technology. We should treat the rapid development of science and technology with correct eyes D．they mainly enhanced the carrying capacity and had more functions E．The positive and negative aspects increased in proportion F．However, the Internet, artificial intelligence, new energy development and other emerging fields have greatly benefited mankind G．So we should resist the bad factors to promote the further development of science and technology 第三部分 书面表达（共两节，32分） 第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分） 阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 For millions of Facebook users, choosing which photo to use for an online profile is an important decision. According to a study by researchers at the UT Dallas Center, the photos we select may reflect individual preferences, but they also appear to reflect more deeply rooted, unconscious cultural differences. Previous research has shown that culture can affect not only language and custom, but also how we experience the world and process information. Western cultures, for example, condition people to think of themselves as highly independent entities （实体）, whereas East Asian cultures stress collectivism and interdependence. Dr. Denise Park, co-director of the Center at UT Dallas, and former graduate student Dr. Chih-Mao Huang of the University of Illinois, were curious about whether these patterns of cultural influence extend to cyberspace. In a paper published in the International Journal of Psychology, they examined the profile photographs of more than 500 active Facebook users from the United States and East Asia. Overall, they found that profile photos of Americans are more likely to focus on the individual's face, while the profiles of East Asians tend to less emphasize the face and include more background features. Americans also show greater smile intensity compared to East Asian Facebook users. The findings show marked cultural differences in the focus of attention among East Asian and American Facebook users. Moreover, they echo previous research on cultural influences on visual perception（感知）, attention, and reasoning in the offline world. "We believe these findings relate to a cultural bias to be more individualistic and independent in the US and more communal and interdependent in Asia," said Park. The research also found that cultural influences over our self-presentation online can shift over time and from place to place. In one of the study samples, Americans studying in Japan and Japanese studying in the United States both showed a tendency to adjust their profile photos to the general preferences of their host country. "Facebook constitutes an extended social context in which personal profiles mirror various individual characteristics, private thoughts, and social behaviors," noted Huang. "As such, the study presents a new approach to investigate cognition and behaviors across cultures by using Facebook as a data collection platform." 40．What may an online profile photo reflect? 41．According to the research, how are American and East Asian Facebook users different in choosing their profile photos? 42．Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why. In one of the study samples, Americans studying in Japan showed a tendency to adjust their profile photos to the general preferences of their host country because they want to maintain a good relationship with their Japanese friends. 43．Describe the profile photo you use for your social media such as WeChat or Weibo. Why do you choose it? 第二节: （20分) 44．假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友Jim最近参加了汉语水平考试（HSK），因为过度紧张而没有通过，他感到很沮丧。请给你Jim写一封邮件，内容包括： 1. 表示安慰； 2. 推荐缓解考试紧张的小妙招。 注意：1.词数 100 左右； 2.开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 试卷第1页，共3页 试卷第1页，共3页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $