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专题五 介词和介词短语
语法导图
01
核心考点精讲
02
针对性练习
03
语法导图
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考点一 表示地点和方位的介词
1.on, at, in和to
介词 用法 示例
on 表示与某一地区的毗邻关系(两地接壤) Anhui Province lies on the west of
Jiangsu Province.
安徽省在江苏省西边。(外部,接壤)
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介词 用法 示例
at 表示“在某地(小地方,如:建筑物、公共机关、机场、街道等)”或“在……附近/旁边” at the door在门口
at the train station在火车站
I work at a school.我在一所学校工作
in 表示地点,意为“在(大地方,如:国家、城市、乡镇、水域等)”或“在……范围之内” in China在中国
in the north在北方
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介词 用法 示例
in 表示A地属于B地 Hainan Province lies in the south of China.海南省位于中国的南方。(内部,属于)
to 表示“朝……方向;到” I walked to the office.我朝办公室走去。
表示A地在B地范围之外的某方位,A、B两地不接壤 Japan lies to the east of China.日本在中国东边。(外部,不接壤)
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2.above, below, over, under和on
介词 用法 例句
above 表示“在……之上”“高于……”,指相对高度,不一定是在正上方,其反义词是below The plane flew above the clouds.飞机在云层上面飞行。
below 表示“在……下面”,不一定垂直在下,且两个物体互不接触 Please don’t write below this line.请不要写到这条线下面。
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介词 用法 例句
over 表示“在……正上方”,指垂直的上方,不直接接触,其反义词是under There is a bridge over the river.河上有座桥。
under 表示“在……下面”,指垂直在下,且两个物体互不接触 There is a boat under the bridge.桥下有一条船。
on 表示“在……上面”,指前者在后者的表面上,二者相互接触 Put the book on the desk.把书放在桌子上。
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3.in front of和in the front of
介词 用法 例句
in front
of 表示“在……前面”(外部) There are some trees in front of the classroom.教室前面有一些树。
in the
front of 表示“在……前面”(内部) There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom.教室的前面有一块黑板。
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4.其他表示方位的介词
介词 用法 例句
by 表示“在……旁边;靠近”,较near近 My aunt’s house is by the river.我阿姨的房子在河边。
beside 表示“在……旁边”,相当于next to Come and sit beside me.来坐在我的身旁。
near 表示“在……附近”,不作定语 They live near here.他们住在这附近。
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介词 用法 例句
next to 表示“在……近旁;紧挨着”,其后接名词或代词的宾格;不作表语 There is a bank next to the hotel.一家银行紧挨着酒店。
behind 表示“在……后面” Lucy sits behind Tom. Lucy坐在Tom后面。
opposite 表示“在……对面”,相当于across from They live opposite/across from the library.他们住在图书馆对面。
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介词 用法 例句
against 表示“紧靠;倚着;碰;撞” Put it against the wall.把它靠墙放。
across 意为“横过”,指从事物表面的一边到另一边,表示横穿马路、过桥、过河等 He can swim across the river.他能游过这条河。
through 意为“穿过”,指从事物的内部通过 I climbed through the window.我从窗口爬了出来。
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介词 用法 例句
along 意为“顺着;沿着” Walk along the road,and you will see a bank on the left.沿着这条路往前走,你会在左手边看到一家银行。
around 意为“四周;在……周围;向各处;到处” Would you like to walk around the factory this afternoon?你想今天下午到工厂四处走走吗?
I dream of traveling around the world one day.我梦想着有一天能周游世界。
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(2024·东营)Jack:When it thunders(打雷),why do we see lightning(闪电) first, then hear thunder?
Tom:Because our eyes are ______ears. Ha-ha! Just a joke!
A. before B. opposite
C. between D. beside
[解析]根据语境和常识可知,应该是“眼睛在耳朵前”。before符合题意。
[答案]A
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考点二 表示时间的介词
1.at, in和on
介词 用法 示例
at 表示在具体的时间点,常用于表示钟点、夜里、中午、拂晓等的词组中 at that time在那时
at night在晚上
at half past six在六点半
at the end of在……结束时
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介词 用法 示例
in 表示世纪、年、月、季节,在上午、下午、晚上或白天等 in 1921在1921年
in the 1860s在19世纪60年代
in the evening在晚上
“in+一段时间”在将来时中表示“一段时间之后”,在其他时态中表示“在一段时间之内” The train will come in five minutes.火车将在5分钟后到达。
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介词 用法 示例
on 表示具体某一天或具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上或一般节日等 on October 1st,1949在1949年10月1日
on Monday morning在星期一上午
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2.by和until/till
介词 用法 例句
by 有“不迟于……;到……为止;在……之前”的意思。如果by后是表示将来的时间,则与将来时连用;如果by后是表示过去的时间,则与过去完成时连用;当by后接表示现在的时间时,句子时态用现在完成时 By this time next week,we’ll be in Anhui Province.
下周这个时候,我们将在安徽省。
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介词 用法 例句
until/till 用在肯定句中,意为“直到……为止”,谓语动词用延续性动词 I worked until late at night.我工作直到深夜。
用在否定句中,常用作“not ... until ...”,意为“直到……才”,谓语动词用非延续性动词 I didn’t leave home until 10 o’clock.直到10点我才离开家。
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3.其他表示时间的介词
介词 用法 例句
since 表示“自从,自……以来”,指从某时一直延续至今,后接具体时间点,通常与完成时连用 He has lived here since 2019.自2019年以来他一直住在这里。
from 表示开始的时间,意为“从……起”,常用搭配from ... to ...“从……到……” From now on,I will learn English in the mornings.从现在开始,我将在早晨学习英语。
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介词 用法 例句
before 表示“在……之前” You should finish your homework
before 8 o’clock.
你应该在8点前完成你的作业。
after 表示“在……之后”,后面接时间点或时间段均可,接时间段时,多和过去时连用;接时间点时,多和将来时连用 He came back after a few days.几天后他回来了。
I’ll go and see her after three o’clock. 3点以后我会去见她。
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介词 用法 例句
for “for+一段时间”表示“已经多长时间了”,强调某动作或状态持续了多长时间,可与一般过去时、现在完成时、一般将来时等多种时态连用,谓语动词只能为延续性动词 She has waited at the gate for over three hours.她已经在门口等了三个多小时了。
We will stay in Xinjiang for three weeks.我们将在新疆待三周。
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介词 用法 例句
during 后接时间段,表示“在……期间” During his stay in Hangzhou,he often went to visit the West Lake. 待在杭州期间,他经常去西湖游览。
through 表示“自始至终,从头到尾” We worked through
the night.我们通宵工作。
past 表示“晚于;在……之后” It’s half past eight now.现在八点半了。
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在以this,that,next,last,every等开始的表示时间的词组以及tomorrow,yesterday等时间副词前不用介词。
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(2024·福建)A special festival was held ______September 23rd last year to honor the hard work of Chinese farmers.
A. in B. for C. on
[解析]根据September 23rd “9月23日”可知,在具体某一天用介词on。
[答案]C
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考点三 表示方式、手段或工具的介词
介词 用法 例词或例句
with 后接某种具体的工具或手段 Cut it with a knife.用刀把它切开。
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介词 用法 例词或例句
by 表示“用……方式、工具或手段” He learns English by listening to the English songs.他通过听英文歌曲来学英语。
后可接表示交通工具的名词,该名词用单数形式且前面不加冠词或任何修饰成分 by sea/air/bus/train/
Car/taxi乘船/飞机/公交车/火车/汽车/出租车
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介词 用法 例词或例句
on 表示“以……方式”,后接手段、通讯方式等 Is Lucy still on the phone?Lucy还在打电话吗?
后接表示交通工具的名词,该名词前应有冠词、物主代词或指示代词等修饰语;有时用于某些固定搭配中。注意表示骑马、骑自行车等时,应用介词on on the plane/bus/coach坐飞机/坐公共汽车/坐长途汽车
on a bike/boat/horse骑车/乘船/骑马
on foot步行
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介词 用法 例词或例句
in 后接表示某种材料、语言、文字或声音的名词,表示“用……”。名词前不用冠词或修饰语 He spoke in a loud voice.他大声说话。
in 后接表示交通工具的名词,该名词前应有冠词、物主代词或指示代词等修饰语 in the bus/train/car/taxi乘公交车/火车/汽车/出租车
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介词 用法 例词或例句
through 意为“凭借”,指通过具体过程、方法 We can learn a lot through doing volunteer work.我们可以通过做志愿工作学到很多东西。
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(2024·齐齐哈尔)—It’s time to graduate. We should say “Thanks” to our teachers.
—I think so. We have made great progress ______ the teachers’help.
A. with B. through C. under
[解析]with one’s help“在某人的帮助下”,固定搭配。
[答案]A
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考点四 其他常用介词
介词 用法 例句
with 意为“和……在一起” I’m sure you’ll be safe with us.我确定你和我们在一起是安全的。
意为“具有
(某种特征)” The girl with glasses is Lucy.戴眼镜的那个女孩是Lucy。
意为“伴随” She greeted us with a smile.她微笑着向我们打招呼。
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介词 用法 例句
without 意为“不,没有” We shouldn’t go to school without breakfast.我们不应当不吃早饭就去上学。
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介词 用法 例句
for 意为“给,对,供
(表对象、用途)” There are some books for children.这有一些儿童读物。
意为“为了”(表目的) I want to invite you for dinner.我想邀请你吃晚餐。
意为“支持,拥护” Is she for or against the idea?她是赞成还是反对这个想法?
意为“因为,由于”(表原因) The place is famous for its hot springs.这个地方以它的温泉著名。
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介词 用法 例句
past 意为“经过,越过” Will you go past my house on your way home?你回家路上会经过我家吗?
including 意为“包括……在内” I’ve got three days’ holiday including New Year’s Day.包括元旦在内,我有三天假期。
about 意为“关于” What is she worried about?她在担心什么呢?
意为“(表示时间或数量)大约” We left there at about eight o’clock that night.那天晚上我们大概8点钟离开那里的。
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介词 用法 例句
as 表示“作为,当作”,后接职务、职业、作用等 I speak now as a friend,
not as a teacher.现在我以朋友而不是老师的身份来讲话。
as 用于习惯用语中 As for me,I don’t mind going there by train.至于我,我不介意坐火车去那里。
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介词 用法 例句
like 意为“例如,譬如” He enjoys all kinds of sports,like surfing and going skating.他喜欢各种运动,例如冲浪和滑冰。
意为“像……一样(实际上不是)” He talked to Mary like her father. 他像父亲那样跟Mary谈话。(他不是Mary的父亲)
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介词 用法 例句
except 意为“除了……之外(不包括在内)” They all came except Matt.除Matt外他们都来了。
besides 意为“除了……之外(包括在内)” Besides English,he has to study German and French.除英语外,他还要学德语和法语。
of 表示属于(某人或某物)、关于(某人或某物) Paper-cutting is kind of popular art.剪纸是一种流行艺术。
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(2024·成都)China Daily named “Growth”______its “Word of the Year 2023”.
A. as B. after C. for
[解析]根据句意可知,此处指“成长”作为“2023年度词汇”, as符合题意。
[答案]A
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考点五 常见的介词短语
介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。熟记并掌握这种固定搭配关系,才能正确使用介词。
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介词
+
名词 at home在家;at school在学校;at noon在中午;at work在工作;at night在晚上;at the moment在此刻
by bus乘公交车;by the way顺便说一下;by turns轮流;by mistake错误地
in hospital住院;in the end最后;in English用英语;in the future将来;in time及时;in fact事实上;in total总共;in this way用这种方法
on time按时;on fire着火;on show展出;on duty值日;on foot步行;on sale在出售;on vacation在度假;on the left/right在左/右边
with pleasure很乐意;with one’s help在某人的帮助下
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be
+
形容词
+
介词 be surprised at对……感到吃惊;
be good at擅长于
be angry with生(某人的)气;be busy with忙于做……;be popular with受……欢迎;be pleased with对……感到满意;be satisfied with对……满意
be afraid of害怕;be full of充满;be proud of对……感到骄傲
be excited about对……感到兴奋;be worried about为……担心
be kind to对……和善;be used to习惯于
be interested in对……感兴趣
be famous for因……而著名;be late for因……而迟到
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动词
+
介词 call at探访;look at看;point at指着;knock at敲
agree with同意;begin with以……开始;fill with充满;装满
die of死于;hear of听说
talk about谈论;think about考虑
listen to听……;point to指向;write to写信给……
ask for请求;look for寻找;pay for付钱;send for派人去叫;wait for等候;leave for出发去……
come from出生(于),来自;hear from收到(某人)的信;learn from向……学习
get on/off上车/下车;fall off从……落下
look after照顾;run across碰到;fall behind落在……后面
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介词
+
名词
+
介词 at the foot of在……脚下;at the beginning of起初;at the age of在……岁时;at the head of在……前头
in the middle of在……中间;in the front of在……前面;in the east of在……东部
on the top of在……顶端
by means of借助;by the end of到……为止
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(2024·东营)Too much sugar can ______your health. So eat less sugar.
A. be good with B. be harmful to
C. be thirsty for D. be different from
[解析]根据“So eat less sugar.”可知,建议少吃糖,因此糖吃太多会危害健康,be harmful to“对……有害”符合题意。
[答案]B
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( )1.(2024·滨州)—I miss Bill very much as we haven’t seen each other two years.
—Me, too. Whenever I see the photo, it reminds me the happy days we spent together.
A. in; with
B. for; of
C. on; in
D. from; for
B
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( )2.(2024·云南)______the Spring Festival,lanterns can be seen almost everywhere in my hometown.
A. To B. Above
C. Between D. During
( )3.(2024·扬州)The Marco Polo Memorial Hall stands at the east end of Dongguan Street ______Yangzhou.
A. to B. on
C. at D. in
D
D
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( )4.(2024·宿迁)Fan Jinshi, born ______1938, has devoted all her time to protecting Dunhuang cultural heritage.
A. at B. on
C. in D. by
( )5.To the Wonder has made Altay(阿勒泰) a popular tourism city ______young people.
A. inside B. beyond
C. between D. among
D
C
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( )6.A big earthquake shook Turkey ______4:17 ______February 6th,2023.Many people lost their lives in this earthquake.
A. at; on
B. in; on
C. on; at
D. at; at
A
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( )7.The joy of using VR technology to travel around our hometown Anhui is really words.
A. through B. across
C. beyond D. against
( )8.Good books are like sunshine for me ______ rainy days.
A. at B. from
C. to D. on
D
C
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( )9.Mike, it’s good for you to read some books ______China before visiting it.
A. in B. for
C. with D. on
( )10.I can’t see the blackboard because two tall boys sit ______me.
A. behind B. next to
C. in front of D. between
C
D
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( )11.My father goes back to Nanjing for the Spring Festival every year last year because he was busy with his work in Changzhou.
A. including B. since
C. except D. till
( )12.Jenny will stay in Beijing another two days. So we can’t find her at school.
A. for B. in
C. from D. on
A
C
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( )13.Our new teacher comes ______the UK and he lives in China ______his parents now.
A. in; with B. from; with
C. for; in D. to; from
( )14.You can become better at English ______ reading something you enjoy every day.
A. with B. about
C. between D. by
D
B
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( )15.—We play better as a team now and our coach believes we will win.
—There is no difficulty that we cannot get over ______we bring together as one.
A. even if
B. so that
C. in case
D. as long as
D
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( )16.—What do you have your neighbourhood?
—Supermarkets, restaurants, a school and a hospital.
A. of B. around
C. above D. with
( )17.—Why is Harvey’s mother so happy?
—Because only three students made progress, ______his son Harvey.
A. Beside B. except
C. including D. without
C
B
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( )18.—Is the box ______the sofa?
—No. It’s ______the sofa, so you can’t see it.
A. on; on
B. under; on
C. on; under
D. under; under
C
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( )19.The room was dark, ______the glow of a candle.
A. except B. besides
C. except for D. except that
( )20.(2024·淮安)—Excuse me, which is the way to Chuxiu Park?
—Walk this road, and you will find it.
A. along B. under
C. for D. about
A
C
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