专题九 动词的时态和被动语态-【决胜中考】2025年中考英语全程复习配套课件（安徽专版）

英语 返回目录 专题九　动词的时态和被动语态 语法导图 01 核心考点精讲 02 针对性练习 03 语法导图 返回目录 语法导图 返回目录 考点一　动词的时态 初中阶段要求重点掌握六种时态：一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时。判断句子时态通常有两种方式：根据句中的时态标志词或根据句意和上下文。 核心考点精讲 返回目录 1.一般现在时 (1)结构 ①主语+am/is/are+表语+其他. ②主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数形式+其他. 核心考点精讲 返回目录 (2)标志词 ①频度副词：always， usually， often， sometimes， seldom， never等。 ②表示频率的词组：once a year， twice a month， three times a day等。 ③其他词组：on Sundays， at/on weekends， every day/year ... (every系列)等。 核心考点精讲 返回目录 (3)用法 ①表示现阶段经常性、习惯性的动作，常与频度副词连用。 He always comes late. 他总是迟到。 ②表示现在的状态、主语的性格或具备的能力。 I am twelve. I enjoy playing football. 我12岁了。我喜欢踢足球。 Bill likes beef， but he doesn’t like chicken. Bill喜欢牛肉，但是他不喜欢鸡肉。 核心考点精讲 返回目录 ③表示客观事实或普遍真理。 The earth goes around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。 ④表示按时间表预计将发生的动作，用一般现在时表将来意义。 The plane leaves at 2：00， so we still have time for lunch. 飞机2：00起飞，所以我们仍有时间吃午饭。 核心考点精讲 返回目录 (2024·河北)Jenny is an early bird. She ______at 6：00 in the morning. A. gets up　　 B. got up C. will get up D. has got up ［解析］根据句意可知，句子陈述的是一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语“She”是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。 ［答案］A 核心考点精讲 返回目录 2.一般过去时 (1)结构 ①主语+was/were+表语+其他. ②主语+动词过去式+其他. (2)标志词 yesterday， yesterday morning/afternoon， last night/week/month/year， many years/three days ago， in 2007/1990， in the past， just now等。 核心考点精讲 返回目录 (3)用法 ①表示过去某个时间或某一段时间内所发生的动作或存在的状态。 He got up at 6：30 yesterday. 他昨天六点半起的床。 We went to Beijing last week. 我们上周去了北京。 ②表示过去常常或反复发生的动作，常与always， usually， often， sometimes， never 等频度副词连用。 He always went to work by bus last year. 他去年总是坐公交车去上班。 核心考点精讲 返回目录 ③在含since引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句中，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。 My father has worked in the company since he came here. 我父亲从到这里以来一直在这家公司工作。 核心考点精讲 返回目录 (2024·呼和浩特)In China， hotpot has a history of over 1，000 years. It first ______in the Mongolia area， and then became popular in the southern part of China. A. has appeared B. appears C. will appear D. appeared ［解析］appear “动词，出现”。根据句意可知，题干的“It first ... in the Mongolia area”是在描述火锅最初在蒙古地区出现的情况，这是一个发生在过去的事实，所以此句的时态应该是一般过去时。appear的过去式为appeared。 ［答案］D 核心考点精讲 返回目录 3.一般将来时 (1)结构 ①主语+will/shall+动词原形+其他. ②主语+am/is/are going to+动词原形+其他. (2)标志词 tomorrow， tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening， next week/month/year， soon， in a few days/100 years/an hour， in the future， some day， from now on等。 核心考点精讲 返回目录 (3)用法 ①表示在将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示将来的时间状语连用。 We will come to see you next week. 下周我们将来看你。 ②表示将要发生的动作或安排，或打算、计划、决定要做的事。 They are going to play volleyball next week. 他们下周要去打排球。 核心考点精讲 返回目录 主将从现：描述未来事件时，在含有由if，unless，as soon as，when，until等引导的时间状语从句和条件状语从句的主从复合句中，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时（表将来）。 I will tell him the good news when he comes back.当他回来时，我将告诉他这个好消息。 核心考点精讲 返回目录 (2024·绥化)He ______much healthier if he ______enough exercise in his free time. A. is； take B. will be； takes C. will be； take ［解析］句意：如果他在空闲时间进行足够的锻炼，那么他会更健康。根据“if”可知，该句是if引导的条件状语从句，通常遵循“主将从现”的原则，则第一个空填写will be；从句是一般现在时，主语“he”是第三人称单数，则谓语应用第三人称单数形式，即takes。 ［答案］B 核心考点精讲 返回目录 4.现在进行时 (1)结构 主语+am/is/are+动词的-ing形式+其他. (2)标志词 ①now， right now， at present， at this time， at the/this moment， these days等。 ②Look！ /Listen！ /Hurry up！ 核心考点精讲 返回目录 (3)用法 ①表示此时此刻或说话人说话时正在进行或发生的动作。 He is watching TV now. 他现在正在看电视。 ②表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。 We are exercising hard this month. 我们这个月训练很努力。 核心考点精讲 返回目录 (2024·广西)Listen！ The birds ______in the tree now. A. sing　　　B. sang　　　C. are singing ［解析］根据“listen”可知，时态是现在进行时，其结构是am/is/are+doing， are singing符合题意。 ［答案］C 核心考点精讲 返回目录 5.过去进行时 (1)结构 主语+was/were+动词的-ing形式+其他. (2)标志词 at this time yesterday， at that time， at 6：00 yesterday， at that moment， then等。 核心考点精讲 返回目录 (3)用法 ①表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。 —What were you doing at eight last night？ 昨天晚上八点你在做什么？ —I was doing my homework. 我在写作业。 ②表示一个过去的动作发生时，另一个过去的动作正在进行。 He was reading when I came in. 当我进来时，他正在看书。 ③表示两个过去的动作同时进行。 I was doing my homework while my mother was cooking. 我在写作业，而我妈妈在煮饭。 核心考点精讲 返回目录 (2024·龙东)While we ______an English song， some visitors came into our classroom. A. were singing B. sang C. are singing ［解析］根据“While we ... an English song， some visitors came into our classroom.”可知，此处是说“当我们正在唱英语歌时，一些访客走进了我们的教室”， While“当……的时候”跟过去进行时连用。were singing 符合题意。 ［答案］A 核心考点精讲 返回目录 6.现在完成时 (1)结构 主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他. (2)标志词 never， ever， just， before， already， yet， so far，“for+时间段”“since+时间点”等。 核心考点精讲 返回目录 (3)用法 ①表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一个动作，对现在造成影响(或结果)。 —Have you had your lunch yet？ 你吃午饭了吗？ —Yes， I have. I’ve just had it. 是的，我吃了。我刚吃完。(现在我不饿了) 核心考点精讲 返回目录 ②有些动词的现在完成时可表示动作或状态在过去某一时间已经开始，持续到现在(包括“现在”在内)，也许还要持续下去。常和“for+时间段”或“since+时间点”连用，谓语动词多为延续性动词。 We have lived here since 2000. 自从2000年我们一直住在这里。 I’ve known Bob for three years. 我认识Bob三年了。 ③非延续性动词在否定结构中可用现在完成时表示持续的动作或状态。 I haven’t bought anything for two months. 我都两个月没买什么东西了。 核心考点精讲 返回目录 (4)一般过去时和现在完成时的区别 一般过去时和现在完成时都可以表示过去发生的动作，但是在具体的语境中，这两种时态有明显的区别。 ①一般过去时说话的侧重点在陈述过去发生的事情或状态。 I went to Beijing last month. 我上个月去北京了。(陈述客观事实) 核心考点精讲 返回目录 ②现在完成时表示到说话时为止已经发生或完成的动作或状态，强调造成的结果或对现在产生的影响。 I’ve been to Beijing many times. 我去过北京很多次。(我对北京较熟悉) I have bought a new smartphone. 我买了一部新的智能手机。(我有新手机用了) 核心考点精讲 返回目录 (2024·江西)—Oh hi， I’m looking for a pair of shoes. —Well， you ______to the right place. We have a lot of shoes in our shop. A. came　　　 B. were coming C. will come D. have come ［解析］根据“We have a lot of shoes in our shop”可知，你已经来到了一个正确的地点，因此需用现在完成时，come的现在完成时为have come。 ［答案］D 核心考点精讲 返回目录 考点二　被动语态 动词的语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。但在动词中，只有及物动词有被动语态。 核心考点精讲 返回目录 时态 被动语态 例句 一般现 在时 am/is/are+动词的过去分词 The flowers are often watered by her. 她经常浇花。 一般过 去时 was/were+动词的过去分词 A farm was visited yesterday by us. 我们昨天参观了一个农场。 一般将 来时 will/shall+be+动词的过去分词 Some trees will be planted this week by her. 她本周将种一些树。 核心考点精讲 返回目录 (2024·福建)The photos are beautiful. I wonder where they ______. A. will be taken B. are taking C. were taken ［解析］根据语境可知，拍照的动作发生在过去，因此时态用一般过去时，而且照片应是被拍的，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为was/were+动词的过去分词。 ［答案］C 核心考点精讲 返回目录 考点三　几种特殊的被动语态的用法 种类 构成 例句 主动语 态中省 去to的动词 变为被动语态时，省去的to要加上 The workers were made to work 12 hours a day. 工人们被迫每天工作12小时。 含短语 的动词 短语是“动词+介词”或“动词+副词”时，变被动语态时，介词、副词不能丢 The young man was went away from school. 这个年轻人被学校开除了。 核心考点精讲 返回目录 种类 构成 例句 含双宾 语的 动词 把指人的宾语变为主语时，指物的宾语仍保留在谓语之后；指物的宾语变为主语时，指人的宾语前要加相应的介词 I was given a present. =A present was given to me. 我收到了礼物。 含情态 动词 情态动词+be+动词的过去分词 Your homework must be finished in time. 你的作业必须及时完成。 核心考点精讲 返回目录 (2024·达州)—Bob， your room is so dirty. It must ______every day. —OK. Mom， I’ll do it right now. A. clean B. be cleaned C. is cleaned ［解析］根据题干可知，主语“It(它)”和谓语动词“clean(打扫)”之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态，句中含有情态动词“must(必须)”，所以要用情态动词的被动语态，其结构为：情态动词+be+动词的过去分词。 ［答案］B 核心考点精讲 返回目录 ( )1.(2024·泸州)—Tom， the high-speed railway(高铁) connecting Luzhou with Chongqing ______this year hopefully. —Amazing！ I’m looking forward to it！ A. completes B. is completed C. was completed D. will be completed D 针对性练习 返回目录 ( )2.(2024·天津)—Jane and I ______a picnic this Sunday. Would you like to come with us？ —Sure. See you then. A. had B. have had C. were having D. are going to have ( )3.(2024·临夏州)Mr Green 　　　China for five years.  A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in D. has come to C D 针对性练习 返回目录 ( )4.(2024·河北)Alex ______tea culture since he came to China in 2010. A. studies B. studied C. has studied D. was studying ( )5.(2024·常州)I ______Yancheng Park several times， so I know a lot about it. A. was visiting B. have visited C. visit D. will visit B C 针对性练习 返回目录 ( )6.As a Chinese traditional martial art(武术)，Taijiquan ______to more than 150 countries all over the world so far. A. spreads B. is spreading C. will spread D. has spread ( )7.(2024·无锡) Hey， John！ What’s up？ I ______a shower when you called. A. had taken B. have taken C. was taking D. am taking C D 针对性练习 返回目录 ( )8.(2024·扬州)Since I was born， my family ______in the same flat. A. live B. will live C. are living D. have lived ( )9.(2024·江西)Ted preferred pop music when he ______about his favorite music in the interview. A. was asked B. asked C. is asked D. asks A D 针对性练习 返回目录 ( )10.As we all know， the Yangtze River ______as a “mother river” of the Chinese nation. A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known ( )11.Emma got excited when her writing ______ as a model in class. A. reads B. read C. is read D. was read D C 针对性练习 返回目录 ( )12.(2024·北京)Chinese ______by more and more people around the world these days. A. speaks B. spoke C. is spoken D. was spoken ( )13.(2024·连云港)Robot dogs ______as volunteers for the first time during the 2023 Asian Games. A. use B. used C. are used D. were used D C 针对性练习 返回目录 ( )14.(2024·宿迁)—A fashion show ______in our school hall next week. —Great！ I’m looking forward to it！ A. holds B. is held C. was held D. will be held D 针对性练习 返回目录 ( )15.—Where is Helen？ —I’m not sure. Maybe she______her baseball lesson. A. had B. was having C. is having D. will have C 针对性练习 返回目录 谢谢观看 返回目录 动词的时态和被动语态 $